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Nyberg, Altman Sophia. "Avtalsbunden genom emojis? : Om digitala uttryckssymboler som tolkningsdata för avtalsbundenhet." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74977.
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I uppsatsen har behandlats vilka förutsättningar det finns enligt svensk rätt för avtalsbundenhetatt uppstå genom kommunikation baserat på emojier. För att uppnå uppsatsens syfte har utretts(1) hur avtalsmekanismen fungerar traditionellt och digitalt, (2) om det finns tillbörligaalternativa former för avtalsslut, (3) hur emojin ter sig som tolkningsdata för avtalsbundenhetoch (4) om avtalstolkning kan reda ut eventuella svårigheter i att tolka emojin. Eftersom svaretpå uppsatsens syfte ej har gått att finna direkt i rättskällorna har endast svarsförslag kunnatpresenteras. I diskussonen har redogjorts för att att emojin som bärare av data, med en vissosäkerhet för tydlighetsrekvisitet, tycks kunna uppfylla rekvisiten för rättshandlingar. Vidarehar föreslagits att avtalstolkning hjälpa till att fylla ut eventuella hål i förståelsen. Vidare harsvarsförslaget beskrivit att det verkar finnas utrymme för att kommunikation med emojier kanleda till avtalsbundenhet och att om konkludent handlande eller konkludent handlande ikombination med passivitet föreligger ökar den möjligheten ytterligare.
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Johansson, Linda. "Emojis, en del av undervisningen? : En undersökning om emojis som verktyg i undervisning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84528.
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An experimental study to investigate if it´s possible to use emojis as a tool in education in primary school to encourage students in their writing- and reading learning. Especially with consideration to students with Swedish as a second language and furthermore students who has trouble with their development in reading and writing. Besides that, is the purpose of the study to find out the frequency of emojis among primary students, mainly grades F-3.The investigation performs through an experimental field study in combination with a survey. The results shows that it is in fact very stimulating for children in primary schoolto use emojis in their reading and writing development progress. Furthermore, it is also shown that the test-material is appreciated among the teachers who used it and the can imagen to use emojis as a tool in their teaching when they also believe that the language of emojis is becoming more frequent among students, and they are highly possible to meet these symbols in their everyday life in the future. This frequency of emojis in primaryschool is also supported by the survey.
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Thunberg, Katarina. "Emojis har betydelse! : En kvalitativ studie om hur emojis upplevs i textlig kommunikation." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74932.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka människors upplevelser av emojis i textlig kommunikation. I studien tillämpades en kvalitativ metod för undersökningen i form av Braun och Clarkes (2006) Tematiska analys. Datainsamlingen bestod av tre fokusgrupper med fyra deltagare i varje grupp, varav elva deltagare var kvinnor och en delatagare var man. Den Tematiska analysen genererade tre teman: Första temat Emojikodens trygghet och osäkerhet beskriver deltagarna känslan av trygghet genom användning av specifika emojis som skapar en kod för att hantera olika relationer. Emojikoden kan även skapa osäkerhet då en relation utvecklas eftersom emojis kan tolkas på olika sätt. Andra temat Emojis förstärker eller mildrar budskap beskriver hur emojis upplevs påverka innebörden av budskapet. Det sista temat Emojis ersätter känslors ord beskriver effektiviteten genom emojis i textlig kommunikation men som också kan resultera i en överdrift. Emojis i textlig kommunikation är av stor betydelse då effekten av att använda den upplevs som möjligt att hantera relationer relationer och sociala roller. Hantering av relationer och sociala roller är viktigt för att stärka självkänslan och bibehålla självbilden.The purpose of the study was to investigate people`s experiences of emojis in textual communication. The study used qualitative method for the study in the form of Braun and Clarkes (2006) Thematic analysis. The data collection consisted of three focus groups with four participants in each group, of witch eleven particpants were woman and one particpant was male. The Thematic analysis generated three themes: First theme The secuarity and uncertainty of the emojicode describes the particpants sense of security through the use of specific emojis that create a code to manage different relationship. The emojicode can also create uncertainty as a relationship developes because emojis can be interpreted in different ways. Other themes Emoji reinforce or mitigate messages describe how emojis are perceived to affect the meaning of the message. The last theme of Emoji replaces the words of emotion describing the effectiveness of emojis in textual communication but can also result in an exaggeration. Emoji in textual communication is of great importance as the effect of using them is perceived as possible to manage relationships and social roles. Managing relationships and social roles is important for strengthening self-esteem and maintaining self-image.
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Pattarello, Elisa <1995>. ""Díselo con un emoji". Estudio de los emojis como forma de comunicación e implicaciones didácticas." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15514.
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La tesi mira allo studio degli "Emojis" intesi come strumento di comunicazione in un mondo che sempre di più si affida alla tecnologia digitale per lo scambio di messaggi. In particolare, la ricerca si focalizza sull'uso, funzione e scopo degli "emojis" all'interno di un contesto ben definito: la celebre applicazione "WhatsApp".
Il lavoro è suddiviso in tre parti: nella prima parte, si delineano le coordinate teoriche relative all'oggetto di studio e si presenta lo strumento d'indagine, ossia un questionario, in formato elettronico, somministrato ad un campione di 150 persone; nella seconda parte, vengono esposti ed analizzati i risultati ottenuti con l'aiuto di grafici; infine, nella terza parte, si presenta un possibile lavoro glottodidattico costruito a partire dai dati ottenuti riguardanti le funzioni linguistiche (e non) degli "emojis". Seguiranno poi le conclusioni finali.
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Rupar, Stefan. "The different functions of emojis : The pragmatic use of five emojis in London and New York." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71785.
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Emojis are useful and efficient tools in computer-mediated communication. The present study aims to find out how English-speaking Twitter users employ five specific emojis, and if they utilize them for the same pragmatic functions. The five emojis were chosen based on earlier research on the subject. One of them was deemed unambiguous and four were deemed ambiguous in previous studies. To investigate whether these emojis are ambiguous and if they are used for several pragmatic functions, a corpus was made by collecting tweets from Twitter. 100 tweets were gathered for each emoji: 50 from New York and 50 from London. Each tweet was analyzed in order to see what function the emoji served in each tweet. Another objective was to find out if cultural differences had any importance for the pragmatic function of the emojis. Three of the four emojis that had been deemed ambiguous by previous research were considered to be ambiguous in the present study as well, as they displayed a multitude of different pragmatic meanings. The single emoji that was considered to be unambiguous by previous research, was used in a consistent manner in the present study, which confirmed the theory that it truly is unambiguous. The results also showed that cultural influences do play a role in how people use emojis for different pragmatic functions.Emojis är användbara och effektiva verktyg i digital kommunikation. Denna undersökning syftar till att ta reda på hur engelsktalande Twitter-användare använder fem specifika emojis, och om de utnyttjar dem för att förmedla samma pragmatiska funktioner. Fem emojis valdes utifrån tidigare forskning i ämnet; en av dem ansågs entydig och fyra ansågs tvetydiga i tidigare studier. För att undersöka om dessa emojis är tvetydiga, och om de används för flera pragmatiska funktioner, gjordes en corpus genom att samla in tweets från Twitter. 100 tweets samlades in för varje emoji; 50 från New York och 50 från London. Varje tweet analyserades för att se vilken funktion emojin hade i varje tweet. Ett annat syfte var att ta reda på om kulturella skillnader har någon betydelse för vilken pragmatisk funktion emojin tjänar. Tre av de fyra emojis som i tidigare forskning ansetts vara tvetydiga kan betraktas som tvetydiga även i denna studie, eftersom de visade på en mängd olika pragmatiska betydelser. Den emoji som ansågs vara otvetydig i tidigare forskning visade sig användas på ett konsekvent sätt även i denna studie, vilket bekräftar teorin om att den verkligen är entydig. Resultaten av denna studie visade även att det finns en kulturell påverkan på hur människor använder emojis för olika pragmatiska funktioner.
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Lithander, Dennis, and Frida Hylin. "Emojis, brobyggare mellan människor eller bara onödigt grafiskt element? : En användarstudie om emojis betydelse för textad digital kommunikation." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43972.
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Emojis anses av många vara en viktig komponent för att ge digitala konversationer en känslomässig nyansering och bidrar med tonalitet. Användning och uppfattning av dessa symboler kan variera och i denna uppsats undersöker vi om detta beror på ålder, emojis design eller om det påverkas av andra faktorer. Vi har utfört en enkätundersökning för att undersöka hur människor använder emojis. Här frågade vi vilka enheter och plattformar används regelbundet vid digitala konversationer i dagens läge, i vilka sammanhang emojis används ochom emojis utformning bidrar till en varierad användning av dessa. Vidare har vi genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med femton respondenter för att få djupgående svar om deltagarna anser att emojis används på olika sätt beroende på olika åldersspann mellan olika parterna, huruvida digitala kanaler kan påverka användningen av emojis samt vilka övriga faktorer som kan påverka både användning och uppfattning av emojis. Resultatet vi fick av denna studie tyder på att skillnader i användningen av emojis främst styrs av vilken relation finns mellan olika parterna, samt huruvida det existerar en åldersskillnad mellan dem. Yngre tenderar att använda ovanligare emojis oftare samt verkar mer benägna att testa nya emojis och nya plattformar, medan äldre individer i vår studie främst använder tydligare emojis på välbekanta plattformar för att inte riskera att misstolkas. Vidare kan olika plattformar avgöra hur användningen av emojis förefaller då samtliga tjänster har individuella tolkningar och betydelser på hur utformningen av emojis ska se ut.Emojis are by many considered to be an important component in giving digital conversations an emotional nuance as well as tonality. The use and perception of these symbols can vary and in this study we investigate whether its usage depends on the users age, the design of the chosen emoji or if it’s due to other factors. We have conducted a survey to investigate how people use emoji, which devices and platforms are used in digital conversations and whether the design of emoji contributes to a varied use of them. Furthermore, we also conducted semi-structured interviews with fifteen respondents to get in-depth answers about whether the participants use emojis in different ways depending on different age ranges between separate parties, whether digital channels can affect the use of them and what other factors can affect both use and perception of emojis. The results we obtained from this study indicate that differences in the use of emojis are mainly governed by the relationship between the different parties, and that it matters whether there is an age difference between them. Younger people tend to use more unusual emojis more often and seem more willing to try new emojis and platforms, while older individuals mainly use plainer emojis on familiar platforms as they do not want to risk being misinterpreted. Furthermore, different platforms can determine how the use of emojis appears, as all services come with individual interpretations of what the design of emojis looks like and what they mean.
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Törnqvist, Berg Dennis, and Mikaela André. "Emojis - det artificiella språket mellan varumärken och människor : En studie om hur varumärken kommunicerar med emojis på sociala medier." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78389.
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Emojis har blivit så vanligt och förankrat i vardagskommunikationen att under år 2015 utsåg Oxford Dictionary emojin “Face with Tears of Joy” till årets ord. Emojis är ett relativt nytt kommunikationsmedel som växt i takt med ett mer digitalt och uppkopplat samhälle där en stor del av kommunikationen sker via sociala medier. Dessa digitala kommunikationskanaler tillgängliggör inte enbart möjligheten för människor att kommunicera med varandra utan skapar också ett nytt sätt för företag att nå ut till sina målgrupper. Tidigare forskning (Giannoulis & Wilde, 2019) har undersökt hur emojis kan fullständiggöra den privata kommunikationen mellan människor. Mot bakgrund av detta kommer denna studie undersöka och skapa en förståelse för hur emojis används i kommunikationen mellan varumärken och människor på Instagram, som är den näst största plattformen i skrivande stund. Fokus för studien är att undersöka hur emojis används i kommunikationen hos tre separata dryckesvarumärken som Lohilo, Loka samt Löfberg - men också om det kan kopplas till deras varumärkesidentitet och innehållet som kommuniceras på deras konton på Instagram. För att få en grundläggande förståelse för emojis som kommunikativt verktyg och dess inverkan på digital kommunikation kopplas teorier in om semiotiken av emojis. Vidare för att knyta an till varumärkesidentitet appliceras varumärkesteorier. Slutligen används teorier för att förstå innebörden av den digitala kommunikationens roll i interaktionen mellan människor och varumärken. Genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys kommer data samlas in från totalt 330 analysenheter för att undersökas, redovisas och slutligen analyseras. Analysenheterna för studien är Instagraminlägg från varumärkenas egna konton mellan år 2018 och 2019. Det slutgiltiga resultatet visade att emojis är en stor del av företagens kommunikation och att vardera företag använde sig främst av olika kategorier av emojis. Resultatet talar även för att den enskilda varumärkesidentiteten kan ha en inverkan på vilka emojis som används samt att emojis förekommer till stor grad i de inläggen som vill skapa engagemang från mottagarna. Emojis kan slutligen ses som ett verktyg för företag att kunna skapa en mänsklig ton i en digital kommunikation.The use of emoji has become a common part in our everyday communication. Oxford Dictionary selected the emoji "Face with Tears of Joy" to represent the word of the year 2015. Emoji is a relatively new tool of communication that has grown in a more digital society, where a massive part of our communication takes place through social media. Digital communication channels make people able to communicate with each other online, but also make it possible for companies to reach out and to communicate with their target groups. Previous research (Giannoulis & Wilde, 2019) has investigated how emojis can complete the private communication between people. The aim of this study is to investigate and create a wider understanding of how emojis are used in brand-to-person communication on Instagram, which is the second largest social media platform at the time of writing. The focus of the study is to investigate how emojis are used in the digital communication within three separate beverage brands such as Lohilo, Loka and Löfbergs - but also determine whether the emojis can be linked to their brand identity and what is communicated on their channels. Bibliographies, previous research and theories as Semiotics of Emojis will be used in order to gain a basic understanding of emojis as a communicative tool and its impact on digital communication. Secondly, with a clarification of the term brand and to be able to explore brand identity, we will apply brand theories. Finally, theories are used to understand the role of digital communication in the interaction and communication between people and brands. Data from a total of 330 analytical units are collected to be investigated, reported and finally analyzed through a quantitative content analysis. The analysis units for the study are Instagram posts from the brands own accounts between the years of 2018 and 2019. The final result from the study showed that emojis are a major part of corporate communication and that each company used mainly different categories of emojis. The results also indicated that the individual brand identity may have a certain impact of which emojis are used and that emojis are used to a large extent by the brands when the aim is to create engagement from the receivers of their message. Finally, emojis can be seen as a tool for companies to be able to create a human tone or presence in digital communication.
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Li, Mengdi. "Twitter sentiment analysis in the era of emojis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52019/.
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Twitter has become an important site for national discussions where we can get a new and timely update of the public opinion towards any event. Twitter Sentiment Analysis (TSA) can be an effective method for unpacking the deep insights embodied within the opinions of the public. Recently, various TSA techniques have been developed, but little consideration has gone into emojis, which is a new invention and has been popularly shared by Twitter users from different countries, with various demographic characteristics, and diverse cultural backgrounds. The ubiquitous adoption of emojis on Twitter provides new opportunities to analyse sentiment expressions in a textual context. Emojis should be included when conducting TSA as the meaning of a Twitter post and its sentiment can be identified with greater clarity and accuracy with emojis. This research aims to develop novel approaches that handle emojis properly and tackle current open issues in TSA. Consisting of four phases, this thesis presents a comprehensive and in-depth research work in the field of Emoji Analytics and TSA. Several studies have been conducted to investigate emoji usage on Twitter and evaluate their effects on TSA. The experimental results demonstrate that emojis has become an essential component of Twitter communication and it is an important area of study complementary to TSA, implying promising future research opportunities for TSA. A novel TSA methodological framework that collects, pre-processes, analyses and maps citizen sentiments from Twitter in helping learn citizens’ moods has been implemented and proved to be effective. The novel framework identifies the best setting for TSA when involving emojis, and proposes an effective emoji training heuristic, which is feasible for both ternary and multi-class classification of tweets. Besides, it innovatively includes the visualisation of user-generated contents in a location-based manner on geographical maps, which provides a much easier-to-understand visual representation of the sentiment. The methodological framework has been proved applicable in real-world scenarios and can be used to support research in other fields. Being the first to consider popularity of emojis on Twitter and include them in performing TSA, this research is considered to be a pioneering work in the field, suggesting a new direction for TSA in the era of emojis.
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ANDRAL, Mélanie, and Axelle LARROQUE. "The emojis consumer perception in the online advertising." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32022.
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Title: The emojis consumer perception in the online advertising Research question: How consumers perceive emojis in online advertisement? Supervisor: Venilton Reinert Course: Strategic Marketing with Independent Project Keywords: Emojis, brand image, digital marketing, perception, online advertisement Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyse the consumer’s perception regarding brands using emojis in their online communication strategy. The purpose is also to understand the profit that could earn brands by using emojis and what they can add to the brand image. Methodology: Quantitative survey has been created to answer the research question. We have used a questionnaire with the use of a non-random sampling by convenience. Three hundred eighty-two people were answering closed and multiple-choice questions in order to quantify the weight of emojis in consumer’s mind. Findings: The results of the survey show that women from 15-25 years old are the most positive receptive group regarding brands using emojis. In addition, using emojis is a good way to improve the brand image but companies have to adapt the strategy depending on the target. Most of the respondents have a positive image about emojis but it doesn’t mean that it influences their willingness to consume a specific brand rather than another. Research limitation: Information is pretty hard to find because of the fact that the emojis topic is really recent. It is complicated to find data and reliable sources about it. Moreover, the sampling we used is not representative of the whole population, so it is not obvious to generalize the findings. Finally, to complete our survey, it would have been interesting to conduct a qualitative study in parallel to go deeper in the analysis of perception.
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Adams, Jonna. "Emojis : Carriers of Culture and Symbols of Identity." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22493.
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The study explored how the use of Emojis – beyond being used just as playful joke markers and tone-setters – shape culture and identity within a community of practice. Through the means of two qualitative Focus Group interviews involving ten members from a local soccer team, the purpose was to examine in-depth participants’ motivations for using Emojis, and their feelings about the Emojis that they receive both within and outside their community. Results showed that Emojis – irrespective of shape – are understood as signs representing an individual’s inner positive energy and good will; when such signs are used regularly within a community, this contributes to that the community culture emerge as positive and friendly. Expanding on these findings, results also illustrated that Emojis are perceived as symbols of likeness towards the group and that they contribute to the shaping of open and permissive culture in which emotions are allowed to flow freely – an effect which seem to be transferred to their offline environment too. Drawing from theories of Cultural Psychology and Cultural Semiotics, the thesis presents an innovative view of Emojis as both products as well as producers of culture; products because they are graphic representations of emotions which become meaningful cultural signs when posted online, and producers because they affect members’ perception of reality within the community of practice. The thesis also conclude that the use of Emojis is closely linked to personality and identity; as identities are continuously shaped through the symbolic association of Emojis, this affect not only how members of a community perceive the individuals using them, but also how we perceive the community in which these identities circulate and operate. This finding paved the way for interesting future studies on personal identity building through Emoji use.
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Krantz, Matilda. "Emoji som musik på sociala medier : En receptionsstudie kring emojis påverkan för tittaren i rörlig bild på sociala medier." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Bildproduktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35551.
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Att arbeta med rörlig bild mot sociala medier har sina problem när den fysiska miljön avgörom tittaren kan spela upp musik/ljud tillhörande filmen man tittar på. I denna uppsatsundersöks hur emojis kan upplevas komplettera musik på sociala medier. Denna uppsatsanvänder enskilda intervjuer för att undersöka hur informanterna upplever emojis i film påInstagram. I denna pilotstudie konstateras att emojis kan förstärka, försvaga och förvirraupplevelsen av det emotionella innehållet i en film och att dessa konsekvenser kan upplevasbåde som positivt, negativt och komplext, vilket ställer stora krav på medieproducenter somvill använda emojis. Emojis är i dagsläget ett nytt språk som inte har etablerats så att enstakauttryck nödvändigtvis ger upphov till direkt emotionell respons hos mottagaren, men gerredan nu mer effektiv kommunikation på sociala medier.
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Junefjäll, Jonathan, and Linnéa Nurro. "Clapping hands : En analys av emojis i politisk kommunikation på Instagram." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38855.
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Emojis är ett digitalt uttryckssätt baserade på smileys och emoticons som introducerades i smarta telefoner under 2011 och har sedan dess blivit en integrerad del av många människors vardagliga kommunikation. De används också i politisk kommunikation på sociala medier på samma sätt som en del i ett modernt uttryckssätt. Den här undersökningen tittar på 557 emojis i 300 inlägg gjorda av tre ledande politiska partier – Høyre i Norge, Socialdemokraterna i Sverige och Venstre i Danmark. Syftet är att förstå vilken funktion emojis har i förhållande till texten och bilden i inlägget. Med utgångspunkt i Goffmans gestaltningsteori görs en kvantitativ översiktsskapande analys av 300 inlägg där alla emojis placeras i en av Fairhursts gestaltningsteknik baserat på vilken funktion de har i inlägget. I en djupare analys undersöks 15 inlägg där alla emojis analyseras utifrån teorierna gestaltningsteknik, polysemiskt objekt och positionsvärde. Emojis används av alla tre partier på liknande sätt och alla tre partier delar en likadan gestaltningsteknik bland de topp tre vanligaste. Främst är de ett substitut för mellanmänsklig kommunikation men sällan svårtolkade. Eftersom alla partier använder emojis på ett liknande sätt kan det ses som en medialisering i förhållande till sociala medier, snarare än en utveckling utifrån en nationell kultur.Emojis is a digital expression based on smileys and emoticons that were introduced in smartphones during 2011, and has since then become an integrated part with peoples every day communication. They are also used in political communication on social media as part of a modern expression. This is an examination of 557 emojis in 300 Instagram post made by three leading political parties – Høyre in Norway, Socialdemokraterna in Sweden and Venstre in Denmark. The overall purpose is to understand what function the emoji have in the Instragram text and picture context. This is a quantitative examination starting in the Goffman framing theory were 300 Instagram posts are analyzed and the emojis are assigned a Fairhurst framing technique based on its function in the post. It’s also a qualitative analysis of 15 Instagram posts were the containing emojis are analyzed from the theories framing technique, polysemic object and position value. Emojis are used in similar ways by all the parties and they share one framing technique on their top three used techniques. The emoji is used as a substitute for nonverbal communication in the posts and are seldom hard to understand. The usage can be seen as a result of medialization in relation to social media rather than a development from a national culture.
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Barbieri, Francesco. "Machine learning methods for understanding social media communication: modeling irony and emojis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461793.
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In this dissertation we propose algorithms for the analysis of social media texts, focusing on two particular aspects: irony and emojis. We propose novel automatic systems, based on machine learning methods, able to recognize and interpret these two phenomena. We also explore the problem of topic bias in sentiment analysis and irony detection, showing that traditional word based systems are not robust when they have to recognize irony on a new domain. We argue that our proposal is better suited for topic changes. We then use our approach to recognize another phenomena related to irony: satirical news in Twitter. By relying on distributional semantic models, we also introduce a novel method for the study of the meaning and use of emojis in social media texts. Moreover, we also propose an emoji prediction task that consists in predicting the emoji present in a text message using only the text. We have shown that this emoji prediction task can be performed by deep-learning systems with good accuracy, and that this accuracy can be improved by using images included in the post.En esta tesis proponemos algoritmos para el análisis de textos de redes sociales, enfocándonos en dos aspectos particulares: el reconocimiento automático de la ironía y el análisis y predicción de emojis. Proponemos sistemas automáticos, basados en métodos de aprendizaje automático, capaces de reconocer e interpretar estos dos fenómenos. También exploramos el problema del sesgo en análisis del sentimiento y en la detección de la ironía, mostrando que los sistemas tradicionales, basados en palabras, no son robustos cuando los datos de entrenamiento y test pertenecen a dominios diferentes. El modelo que se propone en esta tesis para el reconocimiento de la ironía es más estable a los cambios de dominio que los sistemas basados en palabras. En una serie de experimentos demostramos que nuestro modelo es también capaz de distinguir entre noticias satíricas y no satíricas. Asimismo, exploramos con modelos semánticos distribucional, si y cómo el significado y el uso de emojis varía entre los idiomas, así como a través de las épocas del año. También nos preguntamos si es posible predecir el emoji que un mensaje contiene solo utilizando el texto del mensaje. Hemos demostrado que nuestro sistema basado en deep-learning es capaz de realizar esta tarea con buena precisión y que se pueden mejorar los resultados si además del texto se utiliza información sobre las imágenes que acompañan al texto.
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Barry, Hannah Lynn, and Hannah Lynn Barry. "The Effect of Emojis on the Popularity of Tweets Posted by Professional Sports Teams." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624911.
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Emojis are gaining popularity both in messages and on social media. They are now
used to enhance text in addition to replacing it. This paper aims to find the effects
emojis have on retweets and favorites for tweets posted by professional sports teams.
For this study, 50 sports teams were selected with 100 tweets sampled from each. The
different sports included football, basketball, baseball, hockey, and soccer. The data
included: whether the tweet contained an emoji; if the emoji replaced a word; if that
tweet contained a video, photo, gif, player, or hashtag.
Once the tweets were collected, I used Stata to analyze the data based on a linear as
well as a Poisson regression. Interestingly, an emoji is not statistically significant when
used as a predictor of favorites and retweets. However, when an emoji is used, whether
or not it replaces words is significant, and remains significant under various model
specifications. Specifically, when an emoji takes the place of typed text, favorites and
retweets will largely decrease, possibly indicating that when emojis are used instead of
text they become confusing to the reader. Other results include that the presence of
media (video, photo, gif) and the mentioning of a player are positively correlated with
the number of favorites and retweets. These findings allow a sports team to craft the
ideal tweet, receiving a larger number of favorites and retweets, potentially increasing
the fan base and sales.
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Olander, Jessica, and Hanna Fernström. "Emojis i myndighetskommunikation : En kvalitativ intervjustudie av Arbetsförmedlingens kommunikation på Facebook och deras förtroende." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74493.
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Gallo, Katherine Elizabeth. "Understanding children’s food-related emotions using words and emojis in the United States and Ghana." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34558.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Human Nutrition
Delores H. Chambers
Although consumer emotions have recently become a popular research area in the sensory and consumer sciences, there remains a need for an approach designed to evaluate children’s food emotion experience. The objective of this research was to understand U.S. and Ghanaian children’s emotion responses to food, using words and emojis. In the first part of the research, focus groups were conducted to understand children’s use of emotion words and emojis in response to an array of food consumption experiences, both real and recalled. Through this study, a narrowed list of appropriate words and emojis was identified for further testing with children. This study also revealed that children readily use both emotion words and emojis to characterize their food experiences. The next phase of the research was conducted in three parts, which each included emotion assessments of children’s favorite and disliked foods, as well a common set of eight products selected to elicit a broad range of emotions. First, the emotion set identified in focus group testing was used by children in the United States to assess pictures of foods. The responses from this study were used to further narrow the list of appropriate emojis and emotion words. Second, the reduced emotion set was used by children in the U.S. to assess appearance and post-taste emotions for the products. Finally, a food image test with the reduced emotion set was conducted in Accra, Ghana with schoolchildren. Fielding in Ghana allowed for an exploration of the considerations sensory researchers must make when conducting cross-cultural research with children. Emotion word and emoji usage was similar between U.S. and Ghanaian participants, although some differences were observed. The U.S. studies were compared, revealing the influence of stimulus type on children’s reported emotions. Results from the actual food experiences (appearance, taste) were more positive compared to the evaluation of images. Finally, among Ghanaian and U.S. children, high frequencies of selection for positive emotion words and emojis aligned with a favorite food experience. Overall, this research introduces a new approach to consumer emotion research with children for use both domestically and abroad.
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Avesson, Tilda. "“Aldrig hjärtan till min chef”: Användningen av och inställningen till emojis i kommunikation på arbetsplatser." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182728.
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Emoijs kan berika och tydliggöra digital kommunikation, samtidigt som de även kan skapa missförstånd och försämrade relationer. Hur emojis används i en arbetslivskontext är även relativt outforskat. Syftet med denna uppsats var därför att undersöka användningen av och inställningen till emojis i kommunikation på arbetsplatser. Med ett bekvämlighetsurval (n = 243) genomfördes en enkätundersökning. Resultatet visade att emojis nästan aldrig används i arbetsrelaterad kommunikation, men när de väl används verkar det främst ske i kommunikation med personer man har en nära relation med. Resultaten visar också att det finns generellt goda inställningar till emojianvändning i arbetslivskommunikation. Möjliga förklaringar till detta kan vara att den informella naturen hos emojis gör dem opassande i viss arbetslivskommunikation, samtidigt som de potentiellt kan vara användbara för att stärka relationer mellan kollegor.
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Tenggren, Maria. "Emojis som ett universellt språk : En studie om Apple och Samsungs omvandling av universella koder." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-138539.
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Denna studie undersöker hur operativsystemen Apple och Samsung omvandlar universella koder till emojis och om de samspelar utseendemässigt. Med en semiotisk ansats fokuserar forskaren på att analysera emojis och dess visuella aspekter som skapar känslouttryck. Känslouttryck som i sin tur skapar tolkning och förståelse i människors digitala kommunikation. Studien baseras på tidigare forskning av Paul Ekman, Jaram Park, Young Min Baek, Meeyoung Cha och Rachel Scall. Genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys undersöks 100 universella koder med frågorna: hur väl Apple och Samsungs emojis stämmer överens utseendemässigt vilka universella koder som skiljer sig i Apple och Samsungs emojis vilka visuella aspekter som är de vanligaste skillnaderna Studiens resultat visar att endast 11 % av Apple och Samsungs emojis stämmer överens helt utseendemässigt. De universella koder som skiljer sig i en eller flera visuella aspekter utgör 89 %, men de som skiljde sig mest var emojikoderna nummer 24, 89, 19, 88, 57, 85, 11, 46, 58, 64, 76, 93, 95 och 99. De vanligaste visuella skillnaderna är emojins färger och muntyp, men inte långt efter även ögonbryn och ögon. Intresset för studien väcktes av att emojis, enligt forskare, har betraktas med potentialen att växa som ett universellt språk samtidigt som de har uppmärksammats för att se olika ut beroende på operativsystem. Då utseendet på emojis har stor betydelse för hur vi tolkar och förstår dess känslouttryck och budskap ifrågasättes de universella kodernas funktion och väckte frågan om mottagaren av en Samsung verkligen ser samma emoji som sändaren av en iPhone, och tvärtom? Med mobiltelefonen som ett alldagligt kommunikationsverktyg och Apple och Samsung som två av världens vanligaste operativsystem diskuteras deras påverkan att använda emojis som ett universellt språk. Slutligen svarar studien för att Apple och Samsungs design av emojis kan påverka möjligheten att använda dem som ett universellt språk i vissa avseenden, som designen av mun, ögon och ögonbryn. Detta eftersom människor, beroende på kultur, tenderar att välja emoji efter just mun eller ögon. En mun- eller ögonorienterad emoji kan av samma anledning tolkas olika. Först när människor med olika kultur har möjligheten att kommunicera med emojis som visar samma känslouttryck ökar chansen för en gemensam förståelse och för att emojis ska fungera som ett universellt språk.
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Leijonberg, Lisa. "Digital kommunikation : En undersökning av bruket och attityder till emojis och smileys i elektronisk konversation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324139.
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Emojis har fått en allt större roll i elektronisk konversation. Den här studien undersöker bruket av emojis och smileys i sms- och chattspråk samt vad det finns för attityder till dessa. Detta undersöks genom en enkätundersökning som har distribuerats på sociala medier. Under-sökningen är uppdelad i två delar, där den första delen syftar till att kartlägga bruket av emojis och smileys utifrån ålder, utbildning och kön och den andra delen syftar till att undersöka attityder till användningen av emojis, smileys och interpunktion och även undersöka hur vi genom våra attityder placerar in personer i olika fack (så som ålder, kön, egenskaper osv.) när vi läser meddelanden på sociala medier. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av informanterna använder sig av emojis och har en positiv inställning gentemot dessa. Det visade sig även att emojis har en betydande roll för hur vi kategoriserar personer i elektronisk konversation. Däremot var det svårt att identifiera några större skillnader när det kom till variablerna ålder, utbildningsbakgrund och kön.
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Langlois, Olivier. "L'impact des émojis sur la perception affective des messages texte." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39628.
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Ce projet de recherche s’intéresse aux émojis. De nos jours, les téléphones intelligents ont changé notre façon de communiquer en utilisant tantôt la communication orale, tantôt les messages écrits ou les images, i.e. les émojis. Par le biais d’une méthodologie quantitative, en l’occurrence un sondage électronique suivi des quelques questions ouvertes, la présente thèse de maîtrise se penche sur le rôle et l’impact des émojis dans la réception de messages texte. Afin de procurer un nouveau regard sur l’influence des émojis dans la communication iconique, nous avons mesuré le confort des participants vis-à-vis six mises en situation provenant de contextes amoureux, amical et professionnel. Nos résultats indiquent que les émojis peuvent influencer la perception des messages texte et que le contexte de la communication joue un rôle important dans l’acceptabilité de ces images numériques.
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Persson, Niklas. "Analysis of Emoji Usage : Differences in Preference and Function Across Genders." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43856.
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How do people make use of emojis in their daily computer-mediated communication? In order to obtain data, a sampling methodology was implemented in which data from 15 female and 15 male participants was used to provide reports on the differences in preference and functions of emoji usage across genders. The study found that in variety and in total, males tend to select a greater amount of emojis, in comparison to females. The participants’ reasons for using emojis in instant messages varied across the two gender groups, females focused on illustrating a state of emotion while the males focused on emphasizing a message. This partially corresponded with previous studies. The study also found that the males replace words with emojis because it is easy, fun or quick, and in order to illustrate a state of emotion, while females do not prefer to replace words with emojis. In accordance with previous findings, this study shows that in general, people prefer using emojis to complement rather than to replace words. All of the males in this study tend to make use of emojis in order to complement words, while there was a low amount of females who do not use emojis for the purpose of complementing.
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Panov, Philip, and Peggah Rauofi. ""Om de beskriver att de är ledsna då kan jag skicka en ledsen emoji, senare glada emojis för att vi också ska bli glada" : Relationsskapande bland fältarbetare och ungdomar på digitala plattformar." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-8999.
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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka fältarbetares egna upplevelser av relationsskapande mellan dem och ungdomar på internet och sociala medier. Åtta semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med fältarbetare från socialtjänsten som arbetar med ungdomar på internet och sociala medier. Empiriinsamlingen har bearbetats utifrån hermeneutisk tradition och har därefter analyserats genom teorin symbolisk interaktionism. Resultatet visar att fältarbetare använder sig av informationsspridning, aktiviteter och ett förenklat språk på digitala plattformar som olika tillvägagångssätt för att skapa relationer med ungdomar online. De upplever att förtjänsten med digitalt fältarbete är att relationsskapandet inte enbart är begränsat till fysiska miljöer. Internet möjliggör för anonyma möten och ungdomar kan då berätta om upplevelser som de annars inte vågar tala om. Fältarbetare kan i kommunikationen använda sig av symboler såsom emojis för att ersätta avsaknaden av kroppsspråk, gester, mimik och tonfall. Utmaningar som de upplever i relationsskapandet handlar om negativa aspekter av anonyma möten och emoji-användande samt om lagar som är förknippade till det digitala arbetet. Anonyma möten bidrar även till att fältarbetare inte kan fysiskt ingripa vid oro kring en ungdom då den har möjlighet att maskera sin identitet. De professionella upplever att emojis kan hämma etableringen av relationer med ungdomar om de unga uppfattar verktyget som opassande. Lagar kring fältarbetet online är en betydande utmaning för fältarbetarna eftersom de upplever att de inte kan interagera med ungdomar på de vis som de önskar. Slutligen tyder resultatet på att ansikte-mot-ansikte interaktion har en stor betydelse när fältarbetarna försöker skapa relationer till ungdomar digitalt. Det pekar på att digitala etableringar av relationer mer används som ett komplement till de relationer som skapas i fysiska miljöer.The purpose of this study was to investigate field workers' own experiences of relationship building between them and young people on the internet and social media. Eight semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with social field workers from the social services who work with young people on the internet and social media. The collection of empirics has been processed on the basis of hermeneutic tradition and has subsequently been analyzed through the theory of symbolic interactionism. The results show that social field workers use information dissemination, activities and a simplified language on digital platforms as different approaches to create relationships with young people online. The professional’s experience that the benefit of digital field work is that relationship building is not only limited to physical environments. The Internet enables anonymous meetings and for young people to share experiences that they otherwise do not dare to talk about. Social field workers can in their communication use symbols such as emojis to replace the loss of body language, gestures, facial expressions and tone of voice. Challenges that they experience in relationship building are about negative aspects of anonymous meetings and emoji usage, as well as about the legal context of this platform. Anonymous meetings also contribute to social field workers not being able to physically intervene in the event of concerns about young people as they have the opportunity to mask their identity. The professionals feel that emojis can inhibit the establishment of relationships with young people if the young people perceive the tool as inappropriate. Laws regarding social fieldwork online are a significant challenge for the professionals because they experience that they cannot interact with them in ways they want. Finally, the results suggest that face-to-face interaction is of great importance when field workers try to create relationships with young people on digital platforms. This indicates that digital establishments of relationships are more used as a complement to the relationships that are created in physical environments.
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Kelly, Caroline. "Do you know what I mean > :( : A linguistic study of the understanding ofemoticons and emojis in text messages." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27611.
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This study investigates the understanding of emoticons and emojis used in text messages. Theaim of this study is to determine whether there is a universal understanding of emoticons andemojis, which is important considering the number of people using them every day whensending text messages. Many studies have been made of communication via text messagesand the usage of emoticons and emojis, but no study has focused on the interpretation of thesymbols and the importance of the context.For the purposes of this study, a questionnaire was completed in an uppersecondary school (Swedish gymnasium) in Stockholm, during normal school hours inNovember 2014, by 90 16-19 year old students. The result was then analysed through a‘Relevance Theory’ perspective, and in the light of the works of, amongst others, Saussure,Peirce and Thomas.The result revealed that, for the interpreter of a text message, it is important thata textual context is established, in order for the interpreter to be able to understand what theemoticons or emojis used in text messages mean. The result also showed that the emoticonsand emojis do not have a meaning in themselves and that they can have different meaningsdepending on the situation, and the mood or the person for whom the message is intended.
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Hill, Jayme Hill. "The Impact of Emojis and Emoticons on Online Consumer Reviews, Perceived Company Response Quality, Brand Relationship, and Purchase Intent." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6513.
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Several studies have examined the use of emoji and emoticons in computer mediated communication among peers and colleges but there is yet academic research on the impact of businesses using these paralinguistic cues when responding to online consumer reviews. This research is examining the influence these paralinguistic cues have on the consumers perception of the companies quality of the response to an online consumer review, brand relationship, purchase intent.
Using an online survey, participants are asked to answer general questions about the brand, the quality of the response, brand relationship, and purchase intent after seeing a random condition of both a low and high involvement product.
Result support previous eWOM research as valence of the review had the largest impact on the consumers perception of the companies quality of the response to an online consumer review, brand relationship, purchase intent with an interesting finding where in most cases the addition of an emoji in positive valence message attributes to the strongest findings.
With the increase in emoji usage in marketing and advertising, it is important that business are utilizing these tools in effective means otherwise the use of these paralinguistic cues could negatively impact the companies quality of the response to an online consumer review, brand relationship, purchase intent.
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Siggelin, Alstermark Madeleine, and Sofia Paasila. "Marknadsföring på språng : En komparativ studie om hur löplopps marknadsföring kan referera till människans fem sinnen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33199.
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Syftet med denna undersökning är att den ska öka förståelsen kring hur referenser till människans fem sinnen kan se ut i marknadsföring av löplopp. Tidigare studier menar att det är svårt, om inte omöjligt, att stimulera vissa av dessa sinnen via sociala medier vilket också väcker ett intresse för hur företag arbetar för att komma i kontakt med dessa sinnen? Undersökningen fokuserar på fem löplopps marknadsföring. För undersökningen har en kvalitativ metod använts där loppens hemsidor, officiella filmer samt Facebook- och Instagram-inlägg studerats. För att förstå insamlade data har dels en teori om sinnesmarknadsföring av Hultén, Broweus och van Dijk använts men också en teori gällande samverkan mellan text och bild av Nordström. Dessa används vidare som verktyg vid analysarbetet tillsammans tidigare forskning. Resultaten av föreliggande studie visar att löploppens marknadsföring via Internet endast stimulerar synen samt hörseln. För lukten, smaken och känseln kan människan endast ha minnen till upplevelser genom just dessa sinnen.The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how references to humans five senses can be seen in the marketing of running races. Earlier studies highlight that it is difficult, if not even impossible, to stimulate some of these senses through social media, which also raises an interest in how companies work to get in touch with these senses? This study focuses on the marketing of five running races. For this study, a qualitative method has been used where the websites of the running races, official videos, Facebook and Instagram posts have been studied. In order to understand the collected data, a theory of sense marketing by Hultén, Broweus and van Dijk has been used, but also a theory about interaction between text and image by Nordström. These two theories are used as tools in the analysis work. The results shows that the marketing of the running races only stimulates the sight sense and the sense of hearing. For the smell sense, taste sense and touch sense the human being can only have memories of experiences through these specific senses.
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Abrahamsson, Clara. "Glad fast ändå inte glad : Emojiers betydelser och användning." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37029.
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Emojis are colorful pictorial icons used in day to day conversations via SMS and on plenty of different platforms, available for everyone today, but not yet studied to an extent even though they they are highly ambigous. The aim of this study is to find which semantic meanings emojis can have, if gender or age is a causing factor and if any norm for when and how emojis should be used exists among the users. Through a digital survey uploaded on different platforms and sent to different companies, the results show that misconceptions do happen, and that they happen often. However, gender does not seem to matter to the same extent as age. There is also evidence pointing to the users following some rules when it comes to what emoji should be used when and when no emoji should be used at all.
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Erlandsson, Elin, and Nora Kristoffersson. "Racism is Not Getting Worse, it's Getting Tweeted. : A study of the impact of non-verbal cues in hashtag activism. Which emojis correlates with #blacklivesmatter and #alllivesmatter?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84796.
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Scholars are often studying emojis as pure visual elements or as essential textual parts. Theories in this study bridge these subfields and examine emojis in both fields. This bridging understanding of emojis is applied to hashtag activism in the discursive Black Lives Matter debate to increase the comprehension of the impact of emojis. Emojis can be used in various hashtag activism as reinforcing visual elements that help put a figurative meaning to political movements. Emojis can also be used to change the intonation or meanings in computer-mediated communication and thereby be essential for understanding the textual meaning as a whole. The study is conducted with quantitative content analysis of tweets relating to two, here considered oppositional, hashtags; #blacklivesmatter and #alllivesmatter with the aim of receiving a comprehension of how the support of emojis affect the written statements. The study presents results and a thorough discussion that brings the conclusion of emojis having an immense impact, as both visual and textual support on the tweets written in this political online debate.Forskare studerar ofta emojis som rena visuella element eller som väsentliga textdelar. Teorier i denna studie överbryggar dessa delfält och undersöker emojis inom båda områdena. Denna överbryggande förståelse för emojis tillämpas på hashtag-aktivism i den diskursiva Black Lives Matter-debatten för att öka förståelsen om påverkan av emojis. Emojis kan användas i olika sorters hashtag-aktivism som förstärkande visuella element som hjälper till att sätta en figurativ betydelse på politiska rörelser. Emojis kan också användas för att ändra intonationen eller betydelsen i datormedierad kommunikation och därmed vara avgörande för att förstå den textuella innebörden som helhet. Studien genomförs med kvantitativ innehållsanalys av tweets relaterade till två, här betraktade som oppositionella hashtags; #blacklivesmatter och #alllivesmatter i syfte att få en förståelse för hur emojis påverkar de skriftliga yttrandena. Studien presenterar resultat och en grundlig diskussion som drar slutsatsen att emojis har en enorm påverkan, både som ett visuellt och textuellt stöd på tweets skrivna i denna politiska online-debatt.
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Alicata, Diego. "HTML5, Javascript and modern browser technologies: toward a web based framework for device fingerprinting." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10915/.
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Mentre navighiamo siamo veramente certi che i nostri dati e la nostra privacy siano al sicuro? I browser e le tecnologie di cui fanno uso possono rivelare una miriade di informazioni. Al crescere delle informazioni reperibili, si inizia a superare una massa critica che può permettere l'identificazione. Il device fingerprinting è proprio il rilevamento di questa tipologia di dati.
HTML5 e le nuove API che esso mette a disposizione aumentano a dismisura le modalità per fare fingerprinting.
Durante lo sviluppo della presente tesi è stato realizzato un framework molto potente che verrà mostrato nel dettaglio.
Come a seguito di un disastro aereo, l'ingegneria aeronautica si mette all'opera per scovare i punti deboli allo scopo di rendere più robusti gli aerei di nuova generazione, noi con la presente tesi vogliamo dare il nostro contributo al miglioramento del web del futuro. Affinchè la nostra privacy sia veramente nelle nostre mani e possiamo essere artefici del nostro domani.
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Warncke, Nicole. "Eggplant Emoji." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011844/.
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Eggplant Emoji is a documentary film that reveals a range of feminist perspectives on dick pics, sexting and online sexual harassment. Through intimate and hilarious interviews with women between the ages of 22 and 35, the film harnesses a collective voice that speaks back to the large and small ways patriarchy wields power in modern spaces, especially through sending unsolicited dick pics. By intertwining the testimonies of a dynamic group of female storytellers sitting amongst their close friends, the film provides candid and diverse commentary on this unique moment we are in, where the lines between private and public, online and offline are increasingly blurred. Until there are greater consequences, whether legal, social or otherwise, for men disrespecting women's choices and personal space, the domain of sexting is in a self-policing state and women are left to expend emotional labor to let men know why what they sent is unwanted or violating. Ultimately, the subjects' testimonials coalesce to provide suggestions for respectful, consensual sexting practices and fill in the gaps where sex education often neglects the importance of consent and communication altogether.
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Ezzo, Anthony John. "Using typography and iconography to express emotion (or meaning) in motion graphicsas a learning tool for ESL (English as a second language) in a multi-device platform." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1460146374.
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Londrico, Samuel Joseph. "Investigations in UT ESL Student Identities." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1523039677067714.
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Wijeratne, Sanjaya. "A Framework to Understand Emoji Meaning: Similarity and Sense Disambiguation of Emoji using EmojiNet." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1547506375922938.
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Cherbonnier, Anthony. "La reconnaissance des émotions à partir d’émoticônes graphiques : des recherches expérimentales à l’étude des usages sur une webradio." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN20005.
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Les émoticônes sont souvent utilisées dans les environnements numériques pour transmettre des émotions. Bien qu’une grande diversité d’émoticônes existe, on sait peu de choses sur la façon dont elles transmettent des émotions par rapport à d’autres modes d’expression, et peu d’études se sont intéressées à leur utilisation dans un contexte scolaire. Dans cette thèse, quatre études (N = 291) ont été réalisées pour concevoir de « nouvelles » émoticônes représentant de manière non ambigüe les six émotions de base, trois études (N = 957) ont cherché à comparer la qualité de reconnaissance des émotions à partir de ces « nouvelles » émoticônes par rapport à d’autres modes d’expression, et notamment les expressions faciales. Une dernière étude a examiné la façon dont ces émoticônes sont utilisées sur une webradio par des collégiens (N = 204). Les résultats ont montré que les « nouvelles » émoticônes véhiculent les émotions plus efficacement et plus intensément que les expressions faciales et les émoticônes de Facebook et iOS. Cette meilleure reconnaissance est principalement due aux émotions négatives de dégoût et de tristesse. L’implémentation de ces « nouvelles » émoticônes sur la Wikiradio© Saooti a permis d’étudier leurs usages en contexte scolaire. Les résultats ont montré que, indépendamment du genre des élèves, l’utilisation de l’émoticône véhiculant la joie a été privilégiée pour exprimer les émotions à l’égard des émissions réalisées par des pairs. Ces résultats suggèrent la nécessité de concevoir des émoticônes spécifiques pour transmettre de manière non ambigüe des émotions dans les environnements numériques et étudier leurs effets sur les comportementsEmoticons are often used in digital environments to convey emotions. Although a wide variety of emoticons exist, little is known about how they convey emotions compared to other modes of expression, and few studies have looked at their use in a school setting. In this thesis, four studies (N = 291) were carried out to design “new” emoticons to unambiguously represent the six basic emotions, three studies (N = 957) sought to compare the quality of recognition of emotions from these “new” emoticons in relation to other modes of expression, and particularly facial expressions. A final study examined the way in which these emoticons are used on a webradio by middle school students (N = 204). The results showed that the “new” emoticons convey emotions more effectively and more intensely than facial expressions and emoticons from Facebook and iOS. This improved recognition is mainly due to the negative emotions of disgust and sadness. By including these "new" emoticons on the Wikiradio© Saooti made it possible to study their uses in an academic setting. The results showed that, regardless of the gender of the middle school students, the use of the emoticon conveying happiness was the preferred way to express emotions toward programmes produced by peers. These results suggest there is a need to design specific emoticons to convey emotions unambiguously in digital environments and to study their effects on behaviour
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Moses, Emeka E. "Eggplants and Peaches: Understanding Emoji Usage on Grindr." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3379.
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This study focuses on how gay men communicate on the Grindr dating app. Prior research has been conducted on how gay men construct their online identities, however, few studies explore how gay men experience interactions online, negotiate their relationships with other men online, and perceive other users. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 20 men who use the Grinder app, a location-based dating app used by men who have sex with men. Additional data were collected by observing user profiles on the app, which is free and public. This comprehensive, qualitative study of gay men who use Grindr provides insights into identity construction, communication tactics, and users’ feelings about their encounters on the app.
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Boyce, James P. "Oxidative studies of emodin anthrone." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27330.
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Hallsmar, Fredrik, and Jonas Palm. "Multi-class Sentiment Classification on Twitter using an Emoji Training Heuristic." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186369.
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Sentiment analysis on social media is an important part of today's need for information gathering. Different machine learning techniques have been used in recent years, and usage of an emoticon heuristic to automatically annotate training sets has been a popular approach. As emojis are becoming more popular to use in text-based communication this thesis investigates the feasibility of an emoji training heuristic for multi-class sentiment analysis using a Multinomial Naive Bayes Classifier. Training sets consisting of 4000 to 400 000 tweets were used to train the classifier using various configurations of N-grams. The results show that an emoji heuristic performs well compared to emoticon- or hashtag-based heuristics. However, classifier confusion is highly dependent on class selection and emoji representations when multi-class sentiment analysis is performed.Sentimentanalys är ett problem av stor vikt på sociala medier. Ett flertal olika maskininlärningstekniker har använts på senare år och att använda en träningsmängd som är automatiskt annoterad med hälp av en heuristik baserad på så kallade emoticons har varit ett populärt angreppssätt. Användningen av så kallade emojis i textbaserad kommunikation har ökat på sistone. I linje med denna utveckling så ämnar studien att undersöka om det är hållbart med användning av en heuristik baserad på emojis för flerklassig sentimentanalys. Detta undersöks med hjälp av en Multinomial Naive Bayes-klassificerare som tränas med mängder av storlek 4000 till 400 000 (stycken tweets) och olika variationer av N-gram. Resultatet visar att en emojibaserad heuristik fungerar bra jämfört med en som är baserad på hashtags eller emoticons. Dock så har val av klasser och emojirepresentationer en stor påverkan på förvirringen hos klassificeraren.
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Dhillon, Manpreet K. "Use of Emoji in Pain Level Assessment in Pediatric Dental Patients." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5784.
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USE OF EMOJI IN PAIN LEVEL ASSESSMENT IN PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a pain scale with Emoji images in comparison to the commonly used Wong-Baker FACES® pain scale. Methods: Healthy, English-speaking patients aged 4-17 presenting to the VCU Pediatric Dental clinic and the operating room and presenting to the MCV Pediatric Emergency Room were asked to rate their pain using the Wong-Baker FACES® and Emoji scales. These patients were then asked to select which pain scale they preferred. Results: A total of 151 children were enrolled in the study. The proposed Emoji scale was preferred by 86% of enrolled children (n=151). Children rated their pain the same on the two scales 78% of the time indicating a weak overall agreement between the two scales as defined by Cohen’s Kappa (k=0.5863, 95% CI: 0.47-0.70). In the instances of disagreement, 82% were within one image on the pain scale. There was a roughly even split between which scale corresponded to the higher pain level (56% Wong-Baker was higher and 44% Emoji was rated higher). Conclusions: A majority of the patients surveyed presented with no pain. The Emoji scale showed moderate agreement with the Wong-Baker FACES scale. A majority of the patients preferred the Emoji scale demonstrating the strong communicative utility of Emoji.
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Holmberg, Per. "Emotiv betydelse och evaluering i text /." Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb409520863.
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Hansson, Nicklas. "Implementation av ett interface till Emotiv Epoc." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51401.
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The eld of Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) concerns linking together an external device with the brain of a human or an animal. By doing this the conventional use of a mouse or keyboard can be circumvented, which can greatly benefit people with different types of diseases that cause paralysis or other loss of motor control, such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A BCI can also be used for cognitive training of either healthy or mentally impaired subjects to increase cognitive capabilities. In this thesis an implementation of an interface is made against such a device, the Emotiv EPOC Headset. The result is meant to be a stable basis for further study using the device. An in-depth study of the history of EEG and its current use in clinical work and research in the topics of BCI as well as Human-computer interaction (HCI) is presented. It is also examined how a user's cognitive state can improve computer applications for cognitive training. Related work concerning dffierent BCI tools and other implementations of the Emotiv EPOC is studied as well as future work. The actual implementation is described together with possible limitations to the solution.
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Boespflug, François. "Le choc emotif dans les accidents du travail." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN11264.
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Bártík, Radovan. "Detection of Lateralized Readiness Potential using Emotiv EPOC." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201783.
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Emotiv EPOC is a low-cost consumer headset capable of acquiring a raw EEG signal. The thesis evaluates its usage for an acquisition of research event-related potentials. A controlled laboratory experiment was performed with an objective of isolating the Bereitschaftspotential (Readiness Potential) and other movement-related potentials and comparing the results with the results of the previous research. The possibility of measuring the potential with Emotiv EPOC was not confirmed, most probably due to procedural issues during the experiment, however, further analysis of the data suggests its presence. Other outcomes of the research include qualitative findings about the headset, mainly its hardware construction, and testing feedback of EEGLab, an open source toolbox for EEG processing and visualization.
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Gustavsson, Maria. "What's Up? : En samtalsanalys av barns sms- och WhatsApp-konversationer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-306970.
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Syftet var att undersöka hur barn kommunicerar med varandra i skriftliga konversationer på sina smartphones. Jag har använt mig av en empirisk metod där jag bad barn om att få ta del av barns konversationer för att undersöka deras användande av emoji-figurer och visuella signaler, så som till exempel imititerande ljuduttryck. Jag har utgått från tidigare forskning och teorier vid analyserandet av insamlad data. Konversationerna jag fick ta del av är både sms- och WhatsApp-konversationer mellan barn 8-12 år som jag analyserade utifrån ett CA-perspektiv (Conversation Analysis/samtalsanalys). Jag kom fram till att barnen främst använde sig av strategier för att öppna upp till samtal och påkalla uppmärksamhet genom upprepade lystringssignaler. Därefter i konversationerna användes ofta emoji-figurer för att förstärka och beskriva känslor. Några riktigt avslut av samtal förekom inte, de flesta rann bara ut i sanden eller avslutades med en bekräftande emoji-figur. De nya visuella språket och emoji-figurerna har blivit en del av vår vardag och används flititgt och hjälper oss att förmedla känslor som är svåra att sätta ord på i situationer vi inte kan se varandra
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Nelissen, Robert Marie André. "Guided by reason, struck by emotion integrating motivational and expectancy, value accounts of behavior /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2005. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6462.
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Nordgren, Loran Frederick. "Thinking about feeling the nature and significance of the hot/cold empathy gap /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/51516.
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Berg, Ingrid. "När orden inte räcker till : en kvalitatitv intervjustudie om barns användning av mobilspråket emoji." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33048.
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Trivette, Carol M. "Can an Emoji Help When You Don’t Know What to Say to a Parent?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4451.
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Henningsson, Mira, and Ewa Kuczynska. "Kampen om hjälp : En kvalitativ undersökning om hur hjälporganisationer kan skapa en donationsvana hos Millennials." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32908.
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Millennials are not as committed to charity as the generations before them. Millennials have also been proven very difficult to attract, which is problematic since Millennials are the future donors’ charity organizations must depend on. The purpose of this study is therefore to identify possible patterns, relationships and opportunities that would make Millennials donate to charity. The study presents the current situation of charity on the Swedish market, which follows by an introduction for how non-profit promote themselves and do their marketing. This leads to the research question: How should charity organizations promote themselves to get Millennials to become loyal? This study applies a qualitative research strategy. The primary data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with five representatives from five different charity organizations. All five organizations work with international projects. The result shows that the five organizations have knowledge about how to market to attract and engage Millennials, but they do not apply this knowledge. The result presents four paradoxes. We consider that the perception of these paradoxes, as well as responding to them, determines the charity organizations outcomes and overall ability to attract Millennials. The result also shows that to engage with Millennials and create long-lasting relationships, charity organizations marketing must be innovative, cool, and creative with repetitive messages. Charity organizations also must use the communication channels that Millennials engage with. The result has given rise to the "Interactional Model for Targeting Millennials", which is built on 11 key factors that charity organizations must apply to establish, develop and maintain a relationship with Millennials.
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Emonds, Jan [Verfasser]. "A dynamical interpretation of Patterson-Sullivan distributions / Jan Emonds." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051024560/34.
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Emonts, Jessica [Verfasser]. "Searching for many defective edges in hypergraphs / Jessica Emonts." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043615652/34.
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Mesken, Jolieke. "Determinants and consequences of drivers' emotions." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/297896210.
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