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Supplee, Lauren H., Emily Moye Skuban, Daniel S. Shaw, and Joanna Prout. "Emotion regulation strategies and later externalizing behavior among European American and African American children." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 393–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000224.
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AbstractChildren's early emotion regulation strategies (ERS) have been related to externalizing problems; however, most studies have included predominantly European American, middle-class children. The current study explores whether ERS use may have differential outcomes as a function of the mother's ethnic culture. The study utilizes two diverse samples of low-income male toddlers to examine observed ERS during a delay of gratification task in relation to maternal and teacher reports of children's externalizing behavior 2 to 6 years later. Although the frequencies of ERS were comparable between ethnic groups in both samples, the use of physical comfort seeking and self-soothing was positively related to African American children's later externalizing behavior but negatively related to externalizing behavior for European American children in Sample 1. Data from Sample 2 appear to support this pattern for self-soothing in maternal, but not teacher, report of externalizing behavior. Within group differences by income were examined as a possible explanatory factor accounting for the ethnic differences, but it was not supported. Alternative explanations are discussed to explain the pattern of findings.
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Shea, Thomas B. "An Overview of Studies Demonstrating that ex vivo Neuronal Networks Display Multiple Complex Behaviors: Emergent Properties of Nearest-Neighbor Interactions of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons." Open Neurology Journal 15, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x02115010003.
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The responsiveness of the human nervous system ranges from the basic sensory interpretation and motor regulation to so-called higher-order functions such as emotion and consciousness. Aspects of higher-order functions are displayed by other mammals and birds. In efforts to understand how neuronal interaction can generate such a diverse functionality, murine embryonic cortical neurons were cultured on Petri dishes containing multi-electrode arrays that allowed recording and stimulation of neuronal activity. Despite the lack of major architectural features that govern nervous system development in situ, this overview of multiple studies demonstrated that these 2-dimensional ex vivo neuronal networks nevertheless recapitulate multiple key aspects of nervous system development and activity in situ, including density-dependent, the spontaneous establishment of a functional network that displayed complex signaling patterns, and responsiveness to environmental stimulation including generation of appropriate motor output and long-term potentiation. These findings underscore that the basic interplay of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity underlies all aspects of nervous system functionality. This reductionist system may be useful for further examination of neuronal function under developmental, homeostatic, and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Davydova, Oksana V. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MINDFULNESS PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC PRACTICES IN THE REGULATION OF STRESS RESISTANCE IN ADOLESCENCE." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University: Psychology Series 1, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2415-7384-2021-13-96-103.
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The article is devoted to the theoretical study and empirical research of the effectiveness of mindfulness psychotherapeutic practices in the regulation of stress resistance in adolescence. It is theoretically determined that the consequences of stress are manifested in increased anxiety, irritability, emotional tension, fatigue, insomnia, etc. Stress resistance is associated with the tendency of the individual to be responsible for events in his life and the results of their activities; adolescence is experimental for identifying by a personality the stress coping strategies that are not always productive. It is noted that in Ukraine the direction of studying the mindfulness problem is currently at the origins of its development. Scientific attempts are being made to determine the role of mindfulness in various aspects of reducing personal stress, the ability to influence stress resistance processes by improving the mental health culture, through the formation of values and competencies in recognizing their own psychological problems, but but scientists have paid insufficient attention to the implementation of the role of mindfulness practices in the educational space, establishing relationships between the mindfulness characteristics and students’ stress resistance. This refers to the fact that the development of stress resistance involves a variety of technologies, including psychotherapy. It is pointed out that one of the new achievements of psychological science is the introduction of mindfulness practices in the educational space, as the priority of the educational environment is to find ways of effective psychological care, technologies of psychological support for young people, minimization of distressing phenomena in schools. The following mindfulness techniques are singled out: meditative techniques, which include relaxation and developmental effects, teach to be fully present “here and now” and to notice the usual states of our consciousness. It is noted that the awareness factor helps to calm down, stabilize well-being, return from thoughts to the actual students’ experience of the “here and now” situation, turn on the consciousness state of “just being”, plays a significant role in choosing behaviors in difficult life circumstances. The mindfulness psychotherapeutic practices effectiveness in the stress resistance regulation in adolescence through the prism of empirical measurement is determined. A sample of respondents was formed on the basis of the lyceum “Olympus” №30 in Kremenchuk. The total number of respondents is 70 adolescents (15-17 years old). The results of the summative assessment are highlighted. The results of using a comprehensive psychodiagnostic methodology are analyzed: Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale – Revised, CAMS – R (Feldman, G., Hayes); the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) K. L. Gratz, L.Roemer, the “Man in the rain” graphic psychodiagnostic technique During the empirical research, the theoretical results of the Ukrainian scientists studies on a problem of stress resistance are generalized and features of students’ behavior strategies in stressful situations by the “Man in the rain” technique are distinguished empirically. Therefore, the novelty of the study is in figuring out the characteristics of students’ psychological states according to the following criteria of comfort / discomfort: resourcefulness, ambivalence, insecurity and their regulation depending on the level of mindfulness development in adolescents. A psychotherapeutic program for the development of mindfulness skills in everyday life for adolescents has been developed, which aims to develop the individual’s ability to perceive, feel and remember phenomena in the internal and external environment. It is important to note that psychological stability is supported by both internal (personal) and external (interpersonal, social support) resources, which are based on mindfulness control and are not limited to mental and emotional automatic reactions. The psychotherapeutic program provides students with the means that allow them to act more effectively in everyday life, to solve routine problems. The relationships between the mindfulness characteristics and stress resistance in adolescents were revealed through the results of a summative assessment.
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Bongard, Stephan, Volker Hodapp, and Sonja Rohrmann. "Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health." Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 16, no. 3 (July 2008): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149.16.3.112.
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Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.
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Roth, Guy, Maarten Vansteenkiste, and Richard M. Ryan. "Integrative emotion regulation: Process and development from a self-determination theory perspective." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 3 (May 22, 2019): 945–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000403.
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AbstractGrounded in self-determination theory's (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2017) organismic perspective, we present a process view of integrative emotion regulation. SDT describes three general types of emotion regulation: integrative emotion regulation, which focuses on emotions as carrying information that is brought to awareness; controlled emotion regulation, which is focused on diminishing emotions through avoidance, suppression, or enforced expression or reappraisal; and amotivated emotion regulation, in which emotions are uncontrolled or dysregulated. We review survey and experimental research contrasting these emotion regulation styles, providing evidence for the benefits of integrative emotion regulation for volitional functioning, personal well-being, and high-quality relationships, and for the costs of controlled emotion regulation and dysregulation. The development of emotion regulation styles is discussed, especially the role of autonomy-supportive parenting in fostering more integrative emotion regulation, and the role of controlling parenting in contributing to controlled or dysregulated emotion processing. Overall, integrative emotion regulation represents a beneficial style of processing emotions, which develops most effectively in a nonjudgmental and autonomy-supportive environment, an issue relevant to both development and psychotherapy.
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KING, BRYAN H. "The Development of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 32, no. 6 (November 1993): 1312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199311000-00039.
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Crowell, Judith A. "Development of Emotion Regulation in Typically Developing Children." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 30, no. 3 (July 2021): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2021.04.001.
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Cole, Pamela M., K. Ashana Ramsook, and Nilam Ram. "Emotion dysregulation as a dynamic process." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 1191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000695.
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AbstractIn this article we adopt the view that emotion dysregulation is characterized by emotion regulation dynamics that are defined as dysfunctional based on contextual criteria. We regard the construct of emotion regulation as valuable because it permits the integration of the classic view of emotions as interfering with human functioning and contemporary views of emotion as adaptive and beneficial. To define patterns that reflect emotion dysregulation, we explain our views of emotion as a dynamic process, and emotion regulation as the bidirectional interplay between emotions and actions/thoughts (extrinsic factors) and the contextual factors that constitute the criteria for that interplay reflecting dysregulation. This conceptualization of emotion regulation and dysregulation leads to methods for studying the intrinsic dynamics of emotion, extrinsic factors that change the intrinsic dynamics of emotion, and how emotion regulation changes over time at multiple time scales. We then apply this thinking to several emotion dysregulation patterns. Emotion regulation is a complex construct, embracing emotion as regulator and as regulated, as self- and other-regulated, and as incorporating both top-down and bottom-up regulatory processes. We highlight an emerging line of research on the development of emotion regulation in early childhood and indicate how this work can inform understanding of emotion dysregulation and the emergence of psychopathology.
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Halligan, Sarah L., Peter J. Cooper, Pasco Fearon, Sarah L. Wheeler, Michelle Crosby, and Lynne Murray. "The longitudinal development of emotion regulation capacities in children at risk for externalizing disorders." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412001137.
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AbstractThe development of emotional regulation capacities in children at high versus low risk for externalizing disorder was examined in a longitudinal study investigating: (a) whether disturbances in emotion regulation precede and predict the emergence of externalizing symptoms and (b) whether sensitive maternal behavior is a significant influence on the development of child emotion regulation. Families experiencing high (n = 58) and low (n = 63) levels of psychosocial adversity were recruited to the study during pregnancy. Direct observational assessments of child emotion regulation capacities and maternal sensitivity were completed in early infancy, at 12 and 18 months, and at 5 years. Key findings were as follows. First, high-risk children showed poorer emotion regulation capacities than their low-risk counterparts at every stage of assessment. Second, from 12 months onward, emotion regulation capacities showed a degree of stability and were associated with behavioral problems, both concurrently and prospectively. Third, maternal sensitivity was related to child emotion regulation capacities throughout development, with poorer emotion regulation in the high-risk group being associated with lower maternal sensitivity. The results are consistent with a causal role for problems in the regulation of negative emotions in the etiology of externalizing psychopathology and highlight insensitive parenting as a potentially key developmental influence.
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Calkins, Susan D., and Jessica M. Dollar. "Emotion: Commentary: A Biopsychosocial Perspective on Maternal Psychopathology and the Development of Child Emotion Regulation." Journal of Personality Disorders 28, no. 1 (February 2014): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2014.28.1.70.
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Wolf, Johanna, Daisuke Danno, Takao Takeshima, Linda MG Vancleef, Hiroo Yoshikawa, and Charly Gaul. "The relation between emotion regulation and migraine: A cross-cultural study on the moderating effect of culture." Cephalalgia 40, no. 4 (November 5, 2019): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102419885394.
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Background Effects of emotion suppression on physical health might be contingent on culture. Existing research on emotion regulation has mainly included western participants. Herewith the question arises, whether this gained expertise is transferable to an Asian culture. Objectives This cross-sectional study evaluated to what extent the regulation of emotions is related to migraine and if the relation between emotion regulation and migraine complaints differs between a Western and an Asian population. Therefore, the main characteristics and symptoms of patients with migraine from both Germany and Japan are compared. Methods 261 Japanese and 347 German headache patients participated in this online study and completed self-report measures of emotion regulation (suppression and reappraisal) and headache complaints. Results Cultural groups did not differ regarding their demographic data, intake of medication and number of days with headache. German participants showed significantly higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of emotion suppression compared to Japanese patients. Emotion regulation is not correlated with headache complaints either in the Japanese or in the German patient group. Conclusion Although group differences were found with respect to anxiety and emotion suppression, subsequent regression analysis revealed these differences were unrelated to headache complaints. As our baseline analysis focused on group means, approaches that examine individual reaction patterns to stress and accompanying sensory stimulus processing may prove to be more fruitful and illuminating.
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Green, Melissa J., and Gin S. Malhi. "Neural mechanisms of the cognitive control of emotion." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 18, no. 3-4 (June 2006): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2006.00149.x.
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Background:Emotion regulation involves the initiation of new emotional responses and continual alteration of current emotions in response to rapidly changing environmental and social stimuli. The capacity to effectively implement emotion regulation strategies is essential for psychological health; impairments in the ability to regulate emotions may be critical to the development of clinical levels of depression, anxiety and mania.Objective:This review provides a summary of findings from current research examining the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation by means of conscious cognitive strategies of reappraisal. These findings are considered in the context of related concepts of emotion perception and emotion generation, with discussion of the likely cognitive neuropsychological contributions to emotion regulation and the implications for psychiatric disorders.Results:Convergent evidence implicates an inhibitory role of prefrontal cortex and cingulate regions upon subcortical and cortical emotion generation systems in the cognitive control of emotional experience. Concurrent modulation of cortical activity by the peripheral nervous system is highlighted by recent studies using simultaneous physiological and neuroimaging techniques. Individual differences in emotion perception, generation of affect and neuropsychological skills are likely to have direct consequences for emotion regulation.Conclusions:Emotion regulation relies on synergy within brain stem, limbic and cortical processes that promote the adaptive perception, generation and regulation of affect. Aberrant emotion processing in any of these stages may disrupt this self-sustaining regulatory system, with the potential to manifest in distinct forms of emotion dysregulation as seen in major psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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Trickett, Penelope K. "Multiple Maltreatment and the Development of Self and Emotion Regulation." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 2, no. 1 (April 8, 1998): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j146v02n01_10.
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Cai, Ru Ying, Amanda L. Richdale, Cheryl Dissanayake, Julian Trollor, and Mirko Uljarević. "Emotion regulation in autism: Reappraisal and suppression interactions." Autism 23, no. 3 (May 23, 2018): 737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318774558.
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Emotion regulation has been proposed to be a transdiagnostic factor in the development and maintenance of psychopathology in the general population, yet the nature of the relationships between emotion regulation strategy use and psychological well-being has not been comprehensively explored in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess how the individual differences in self-reported emotion regulation strategy use relate to levels of both positive and negative psychological well-being. In total, 56 individuals with ASD aged 14–24 years (Mage = 18.15; SDage = 2.30) completed Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Dimensional Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and Autism-Spectrum Quotient – Short. Individuals were grouped into four clusters based on their Emotion Regulation Questionnaire subscale scores. Individuals in the high suppression and low reappraisal group expressed higher depressive symptoms and lower positive well-being when compared with the low suppression and high reappraisal group. Interestingly, individuals who self-reported using both high suppression and reappraisal expressed relatively high positive well-being and low depression symptoms. We suggest that the maladaptive effect of habitual suppression usage may be buffered by the habitual use of reappraisal, and this interaction between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategy use has clinical implications.
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Compare, Angelo, Cristina Zarbo, Edo Shonin, William Van Gordon, and Chiara Marconi. "Emotional Regulation and Depression: A Potential Mediator between Heart and Mind." Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2014 (June 22, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/324374.
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A narrative review of the major evidence concerning the relationship between emotional regulation and depression was conducted. The literature demonstrates a mediating role of emotional regulation in the development of depression and physical illness. Literature suggests in fact that the employment of adaptive emotional regulation strategies (e.g., reappraisal) causes a reduction of stress-elicited emotions leading to physical disorders. Conversely, dysfunctional emotional regulation strategies and, in particular, rumination and emotion suppression appear to be influential in the pathogenesis of depression and physiological disease. More specifically, the evidence suggests that depression and rumination affect both cognitive (e.g., impaired ability to process negative information) and neurobiological mechanisms (e.g., hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis overactivation and higher rates of cortisol production). Understanding the factors that govern the variety of health outcomes that different people experience following exposure to stress has important implications for the development of effective emotion-regulation interventional approaches (e.g., mindfulness-based therapy, emotion-focused therapy, and emotion regulation therapy).
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Mérida-López, Sergio, Natalio Extremera, and Maria José Chambel. "Linking Self- and Other-Focused Emotion Regulation Abilities and Occupational Commitment among Pre-Service Teachers: Testing the Mediating Role of Study Engagement." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105434.
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This investigation aimed to explore the mediator role of study engagement (i.e., study vigor and dedication) in the association between self- and other-focused emotion regulation abilities and occupational commitment in a sample of pre-service teachers. The sample was comprised of 249 students (65.5% female; Mage = 27 years) of a master’s degree in teacher training for secondary education. Results showed the relationship between self-focused emotion regulation ability and occupational commitment to be fully mediated by levels of vigor. No significant results were found regarding a mediator model involving other-focused emotion regulation as predictor. Although these findings warrant prospective replication, they provide evidence that development of self-focused emotion regulation skills (rather than other-focused skills) may facilitate occupational commitment among beginning teachers through desirable states that facilitate energy and reduce the likelihood of fatigue at work. These results are discussed in terms of their practical implications for developing interventions to improve pre-service teachers’ well-being and commitment.
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Wolff, Sebastian, Julia Holl, Malte Stopsack, Elisabeth A. Arens, Anja Höcker, Katharina A. Staben, Philipp Hiller, Michael Klein, Ingo Schäfer, and Sven Barnow. "Does Emotion Dysregulation Mediate the Relationship between Early Maltreatment and Later Substance Dependence? Findings of the CANSAS Study." European Addiction Research 22, no. 6 (2016): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447397.
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Background/Aims: Maltreatment in childhood and adolescence is a risk factor for substance use disorders (SUDs) in adulthood. This association has rarely been investigated in the light of emotion dysregulation. To fill this gap, this study examines emotion dysregulation and SUDs among adults with a history of early maltreatment. Methods: Comparison of emotion dysregulation in adults with a history of early abuse and neglect who developed either an SUD (n = 105) or no mental disorder (n = 54). Further, a mediation model for the association between the severity of early maltreatment and SUDs was tested. Participants completed research diagnostic interviews for psychopathology, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: By using hierarchical regression techniques and mediational analyses controlling for age and gender, it was possible to provide evidence for the mediating role of emotion dysregulation between early emotional and physical maltreatment and later SUDs. Conclusions: Emotion dysregulation is a potential mechanism underlying the relationship between early emotional and physical maltreatment and the development of SUDs. In light of these findings, focusing on the early training of adaptive emotion regulation strategies after childhood maltreatment might be of considerable relevance to prevent the development of SUDs.
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Hu, Tianqiang, Dajun Zhang, Jinliang Wang, Ritesh Mistry, Guangming Ran, and Xinqiang Wang. "Relation between Emotion Regulation and Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis Review." Psychological Reports 114, no. 2 (April 2014): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/03.20.pr0.114k22w4.
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This meta-analysis examined the relationship between emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression) and mental health (measured by life-satisfaction, positive affect, depression, anxiety, and negative affect). 48 studies, which included 51 independent samples, 157 effect sizes, and 21,150 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that cognitive reappraisal was correlated significantly and positively with positive indicators of mental health ( r=.26) and negatively with negative indicators of mental health ( r=–.20). Expressive suppression was correlated negatively with positive indicators of mental health ( r=–.12), and positively with negative indicators of mental health ( r=.15). Expressive suppression was correlated positively with positive indicators of mental health within the category of samples with Western cultural values ( r=–.11) but not the category with Eastern cultural values. Moreover, the correlation of expressive suppression and negative indicators of mental health was stronger in the Western cultural values category ( r=.19) than in the Eastern cultural values category ( r=.06). Therefore, it is necessary for follow-up studies about emotion regulation and mental health to consider some moderator variable like the culture.
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Park, Crystal L., Michelle K. Williams, Paul R. Hernandez, V. Bede Agocha, Sharon Y. Lee, Lauren M. Carney, and David Loomis. "Development of emotion regulation across the first two years of college." Journal of Adolescence 84 (October 2020): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.09.009.
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Faulkner, Paul, Andy C. Dean, Dara G. Ghahremani, and Edythe D. London. "Neural Basis of Smoking-Related Difficulties in Emotion Regulation." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 23, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaa015.
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Abstract Background Negative emotional states contribute to cigarette smoking, and difficulties in regulating these states can hinder smoking cessation. Understanding the neural bases of these difficulties in smokers may facilitate development of novel therapies for Tobacco Use Disorder. Methods Thirty-seven participants (18 smokers, 19 nonsmokers; 16–21 years old) completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), which is comprised of 6 subscales (lack of emotional clarity, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, nonacceptance of emotional responses, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, and impulse control difficulties) that combine to provide a total score. Participants also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala. Separate ANOVAs were used to determine group differences in self-reports on the DERS. Voxel-wise linear mixed models were performed to determine whether group influenced relationships between whole-brain functional connectivity of the amygdala and scores on the DERS. Results Compared with nonsmokers, smokers reported greater difficulties in emotion regulation, denoted by higher total scores on the DERS. Group differences were observed on a subscale of lack of emotional clarity, but no other subscale differences on the DERS were observed. Nonsmokers exhibited a greater negative correlation than smokers between lack of emotional clarity scores and connectivity of the amygdala with the left inferior frontal gyrus. Finally, this amygdala-to-left inferior frontal gyrus connectivity was weaker in smokers than in nonsmokers. Conclusions These findings suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation in smokers are at least partially due to lack of emotional clarity. Given the role of the inferior frontal gyrus in understanding emotional states, strengthening connectivity between the amygdala and the inferior frontal gyrus may improve emotional clarity to help smokers regulate their negative emotions, thereby improving their ability to quit smoking.
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Stifter, Cynthia A., and Tracy L. Spinrad. "The Effect of Excessive Crying on the Development of Emotion Regulation." Infancy 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327078in0302_2.
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McWilliams, Jenna, Ian de Terte, Janet Leathem, Sandra Malcolm, and Jared Watson. "Transformers: a programme for people with an intellectual disability and emotion regulation difficulties." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 5, no. 4 (December 8, 2014): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-06-2014-0009.
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Purpose – The Transformers programme is a community-based intervention for people with an intellectual disability (ID) who have emotion regulation difficulties, which can manifest as aggressive and challenging behaviour. The programme was adapted from the Stepping Stones programme (Oxnam and Gardner, 2011) – an emotion regulation programme for offenders with an ID who live in an inpatient setting. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the Transformers programme that has been implemented at an ID service, which provides secure and supervised care to people who have been convicted of an imprisonable offence or have high and complex behaviour needs. Design/methodology/approach – The Transformers programme is delivered in weekly sessions over a six-month period in a group format. The focus is on helping group members to develop skills in recognising and understanding negative emotions and learning skills to cope effectively with such emotions. Treatment covers a variety of modules including relaxation, goal setting, chain analysis, emotion recognition, and emotion regulation. Specific strategies used include role-plays, DVDs, and quizzes. Findings – This paper presents the rationale, developmental history, and description of a specific approach to the treatment of emotion regulation difficulties. Originality/value – The paper aims to inform health professionals working in the field of ID.
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Westrupp, Elizabeth M., Jacqui A. Macdonald, Clair Bennett, Sophie Havighurst, Christiane E. Kehoe, Denise Foley, Tomer S. Berkowitz, Gabriella Louise King, and George J. Youssef. "The Child and Parent Emotion Study: protocol for a longitudinal study of parent emotion socialisation and child socioemotional development." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e038124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038124.
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IntroductionParents shape child emotional competence and mental health via their beliefs about children’s emotions, emotion-related parenting, the emotional climate of the family and by modelling emotion regulation skills. However, much of the research evidence to date has been based on small samples with mothers of primary school-aged children. Further research is needed to elucidate the direction and timing of associations for mothers and fathers/partners across different stages of child development. The Child and Parent Emotion Study (CAPES) aims to examine longitudinal associations between parent emotion socialisation, child emotion regulation and socioemotional adjustment at four time points from pregnancy to age 12 years. CAPES will investigate the moderating role of parent gender, child temperament and gender, and family background.Methods and analysisCAPES recruited 2063 current parents from six English-speaking countries of a child 0–9 years and 273 prospective parents (ie, women/their partners pregnant with their first child) in 2018–2019. Participants will complete a 20–30 min online survey at four time points 12 months apart, to be completed in December 2022. Measures include validated parent-report tools assessing parent emotion socialisation (ie, parent beliefs, the family emotional climate, supportive parenting and parent emotion regulation) and age-sensitive measures of child outcomes (ie, emotion regulation and socioemotional adjustment). Analyses will use mixed-effects regression to simultaneously assess associations over three time-point transitions (ie, T1 to T2; T2 to T3; T3 to T4), with exposure variables lagged to estimate how past factors predict outcomes 12 months later.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee and the Deakin University Faculty of Health Human Research Ethics Committee. We will disseminate results through conferences and open access publications. We will invite parent end users to co-develop our dissemination strategy, and discuss the interpretation of key findings prior to publication.Trial registerationProtocol pre-registration: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NGWUY.
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Powell, Suzanna, Joanne Bower, Dagny Deutchman, and Cara Palmer. "097 Subjective Sleep Quality is Associated with the Regulation of Positive Emotions." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.096.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances have been associated with emotion regulation difficulties, which in turn predicts the onset and maintenance of mental health disorders. However, research has primarily focused on the regulation of negative emotions. Associations between sleep and positive emotion regulation strategies are unknown. The current research examined relationships between subjective sleep disturbances (Study 1 and Study 2), objective sleep (Study 2), and positive emotion regulation strategies, including strategies that enhance or maintain positive emotions (i.e., savoring) and strategies that reduce positive emotion (i.e., dampening). Methods In Study 1, participants (N = 388, ages 18–64 years, 65% female) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire to assess their positive emotion regulation strategy use, which consists of three subscales (emotion-focused savoring, self-focused savoring, and dampening). Participants in Study 2 (N = 59, ages 18–30 years, 84% female) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire, and wore an actigraph for one week. Results In Study 1, greater subjective sleep disturbances were associated with increased dampening (β = .45, B = .45, SE = .05, 95% C.I. = .35, .55, p <.001), less emotion-focused savoring (β = -.16, B = -.10, SE = .03, 95% C.I. = -.16, -.04, p <.005) and less self-focused savoring (β = -.16, B = -.08, SE = .03, 95% C.I. = -.13, -.03, p < .05). In Study 2, subjective sleep disturbances were associated with greater dampening (β = .31, B = .70, SE = .32, 95% C.I. = .07, 1.34, p < .05), and marginally less self-focused savoring (β = -.28, B = -.82, SE = .42, 95% C.I. = -1.67, .02, p = .05). Actigraphy-measured sleep was unrelated to positive emotion regulation. All models adjusted for adjusted for age and gender. Conclusion Subjective sleep disturbances are associated with positive emotion regulation strategies, particularly strategies that dampen positive emotional experiences. These findings complement prior associations among sleep and the dysregulation of negative emotions, and suggest that sleep-related positive emotion dysregulation may be one mechanism by which sleep can lead to the development of emotional disorders. Support (if any):
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Goldblatt, Hadass, Anat Freund, Anat Drach-Zahavy, Guy Enosh, Ilana Peterfreund, and Neomi Edlis. "Providing Health Care in the Shadow of Violence: Does Emotion Regulation Vary Among Hospital Workers From Different Professions?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 9-10 (March 28, 2017): 1908–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517700620.
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Research into violence against health care staff by patients and their families within the health care services shows a rising frequency of incidents. The potentially damaging effects on health care staff are extensive, including diverse negative psychological and physical symptoms. The aim of this qualitative study was to examine how hospital workers from different professions reacted to patients’ and visitors’ violence against them or their colleagues, and how they regulated their emotional reactions during those incidents. The research question was as follows: How do different types of hospital workers regulate the range of their emotional reactions during and after violent events? Participants were 34 hospital workers, representing several professional sectors. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews, which were later transcribed and thematically content analyzed. Five themes were revealed, demonstrating several tactics that hospital workers used to regulate their emotions during incidents of violent outbursts by patients or visitors: (1) Inability to Manage Emotion Regulation, (2) Emotion Regulation by Distancing and Disengagement Tactics, (3) Emotion Regulation Using Rationalization and Splitting Tactics, (4) Emotion Regulation via the Use of Organizational Resources, and (5) Controlling Emotions by Suppression. Hospital workers who experienced dissonance between their professional expectations and their emotional reactions to patients’ violence reported using various emotion regulation tactics, consequently managing to fulfill their duty competently. Workers who did not experience such dissonance felt in full control of their emotions and did not manifest responses of emotion regulation. Others, however, experienced intense emotional flooding and failed to regulate their emotions. We recommend developing health care staff’s awareness of possible emotional implications of violent incidents, for themselves as people and for their intact functioning at work. In addition, we recommend further development of health care staff training programs for coping with violent patients and enhancement of formal and informal organizational support.
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Paulton, J. P., and J. Prevost. "A239 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PSYCHOTHERAPY PROTOCOL: GUT-DIRECTED COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY, CLINICAL HYPNOSIS, AND EMOTION REGULATION COPING SKILLS DEVELOPMENT." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.238.
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Abstract Background IBD patients have a heightened risk for mental health illness, but general psychotherapy has shown mixed results. This psychotherapy protocol specialized for IBD patients uses recommended mental health therapies to treat specific chronic mental health illness. Therapy focuses on practicing CBT, clinical hypnosis, and emotion regulation healthy coping skills to self-manage chronic mental health symptoms. Standard therapies for acute mental illness, e.g. anxiety, depression, and suicidality, should be used as appropriate. Aims Aims of psychotherapy in IBD include improvement of mental health, symptoms management, quality of life (QOL), and adherence to medical treatments. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) changes maladaptive coping behaviours and thinking. Clinical hypnosis improves somatic symptoms, e.g. chronic pain, nausea, and cramping. Emotion regulation improves ability to process stressful emotions, and has been shown to be affected by chronic diseases, including moderate to severe Crohn’s disease. Methods Patients learn to self-manage chronic mental health symptoms with healthy coping skills. CBT allows patients to identify maladaptive coping behaviours and thinking. Healthy coping behaviours and thinking patterns are chosen, supported, and adapted to. Clinical hypnosis uses relaxation techniques, e.g. progressive muscle relaxation, visualizations, and positive suggestions as a complimentary therapy for somatic symptoms. Emotion regulation develops tolerance and healthy processing of stressors. Results Therapy effectiveness is evaluated by improvements in patients’ mental health, symptoms management, QOL, and adherence to medical treatments. Mental health improvement, QOL, and emotion regulation are monitored by patient self-report, e.g. questionnaires. Maladaptive coping behaviours and thinking changed using CBT are individual to each patient. Somatic symptoms improved using clinical hypnosis are determined by monitoring or patient self-report. Adherence to medical treatments, as appropriate, is monitored. Conclusions This IBD psychotherapy protocol uses gut-directed CBT, clinical hypnosis, and emotion regulation therapies, designed to improve mental health, symptoms management, QOL, and adherence to medical treatments. Healthy coping skills treat maladaptive coping behaviours and thinking, somatic symptoms, and emotion dysregulation. Chronic mental health illness associated with IBD, is treated using this specialized psychotherapy. Funding Agencies None
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Swingler, Margaret M., Nicole B. Perry, and Susan D. Calkins. "Neural plasticity and the development of attention: Intrinsic and extrinsic influences." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 2 (May 2015): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415000085.
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AbstractThe development of attention has been strongly linked to the regulation of emotion and behavior and has therefore been of particular interest to researchers aiming to better understand precursors to behavioral maladjustment. In the current paper, we utilize a developmental psychopathology and neural plasticity framework to highlight the importance of both intrinsic (i.e., infant neural functioning) and extrinsic (i.e., caregiver behavior) factors for the development of attentional control across the first year. We begin by highlighting the importance of attention for children's emotion regulation abilities and mental health. We then review the development of attention behavior and underscore the importance of neural development and caregiver behavior for shaping attentional control. Finally, we posit that neural activation associated with the development of the executive attention network may be one mechanism through which maternal caregiving behavior influences the development of infants’ attentional control and subsequent emotion regulation abilities known to be influential to childhood psychopathology.
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Weissman, David G., Debbie Bitran, Adam Bryant Miller, Jonathan D. Schaefer, Margaret A. Sheridan, and Katie A. McLaughlin. "Difficulties with emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking child maltreatment with the emergence of psychopathology." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 899–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000348.
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AbstractChildhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for most forms of psychopathology. We examine emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking maltreatment with general psychopathology. A sample of 262 children and adolescents participated; 162 (61.8%) experienced abuse or exposure to domestic violence. We assessed four emotion regulation processes (cognitive reappraisal, attention bias to threat, expressive suppression, and rumination) and emotional reactivity. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed concurrently and at a 2-year longitudinal follow-up. A general psychopathology factor (p factor), representing co-occurrence of psychopathology symptoms across multiple internalizing and externalizing domains, was estimated using confirmatory factor analysis. Maltreatment was associated with heightened emotional reactivity and greater use of expressive suppression and rumination. The association of maltreatment with attention bias varied across development, with maltreated children exhibiting a bias toward threat and adolescents a bias away from threat. Greater emotional reactivity and engagement in rumination mediated the longitudinal association between maltreatment and increased general psychopathology over time. Emotion dysregulation following childhood maltreatment occurs at multiple stages of the emotion generation process, in some cases varies across development, and serves as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking child maltreatment with general psychopathology.
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Bozicevic, Laura, Leonardo De Pascalis, Rosario Montirosso, Pier Francesco Ferrari, Lorenzo Giusti, Peter Jonathan Cooper, and Lynne Murray. "Sculpting Culture: Early Maternal Responsiveness and Child Emotion Regulation – A UK-Italy Comparison." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 52, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120971353.
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Mother-infant interactions, including culturally specific features, have been found to predict child socio-emotional development (e.g., social communication and emotion regulation (ER)). However, research is lacking on the specific processes involved. We used a cross-cultural, longitudinal design, and a microanalytic coding approach to address this issue. Fifty-two mother-infant dyads were recruited from the UK ( N = 21) and Italy ( N = 31), representing Northern European and Mediterranean cultures, respectively. While these cultures share core features of parent-child relationships, their values about emotional expressiveness differ. We observed face-to-face mother-infant interactions at 2 months (T1), and coded infant socio-emotional behavior and maternal responses. Children were seen again at 2 years (T2), when their ER in the face of frustration, using the Barrier Task, was assessed, and the occurrence of different “mature” strategies (communicative and autonomous) coded. Results revealed common features of interactions at T1 (infant socio-emotional expressions, and maternal positive responses), but also cultural variation in the frequency of different infant cues (more pre-speech in UK infants, more smiles in Italians), and of maternal responses to them. While greater overall maternal responsiveness at T1 predicted more mature ER in general at T2, cultural differences in early responsiveness to specific infant behaviors predicted later group differences in children’s use of particular ER strategies, with UK children using more communicative strategies, and Italians more autonomous. Findings indicate that positive maternal behaviors that are common across cultures (e.g., responsiveness) promote overall successful child emotion regulation, while culturally specific features of interactions are associated with how child socio-emotional outcomes are expressed.
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Barch, Deanna M., Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff, Nourhan M. Elsayed, Diana Whalen, Kirsten Gilbert, Alecia C. Vogel, Rebecca Tillman, and Joan L. Luby. "Testosterone and hippocampal trajectories mediate relationship of poverty to emotion dysregulation and depression." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 36 (August 24, 2020): 22015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004363117.
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There is robust evidence that early poverty is associated with poor developmental outcomes, including impaired emotion regulation and depression. However, the specific mechanisms that mediate this risk are less clear. Here we test the hypothesis that one pathway involves hormone mechanisms (testosterone and DHEA) that contribute to disruption of hippocampal brain development, which in turn contributes to perturbed emotion regulation and subsequent risk for depression. To do so, we used data from 167 children participating in the Preschool Depression Study, a longitudinal study that followed children from preschool (ages 3 to 5 y) to late adolescence, and which includes prospective assessments of poverty in preschool, measures of testosterone, DHEA, and hippocampal volume across school age and adolescence, and measures of emotion regulation and depression in adolescence. Using multilevel modeling and linear regression, we found that early poverty predicted shallower increases of testosterone, but not DHEA, across development, which in turn predicted shallower trajectories of hippocampal development. Further, we found that early poverty predicted both impaired emotion regulation and depression. The relationship between early poverty and self-reported depression in adolescence was explained by serial mediation through testosterone to hippocampus to emotion dysregulation. There were no significant interactions with sex. These results provide evidence about a hormonal pathway by which early poverty may contribute to disrupted brain development and risk for mental health problems later in life. Identification of such pathways provide evidence for potential points of intervention that might help mitigate the impact of early adversity on brain development.
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Ip, Ka I., Jennifer M. Jester, Arnold Sameroff, and Sheryl L. Olson. "Linking Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs to developmental psychopathology: The role of self-regulation and emotion knowledge in the development of internalizing and externalizing growth trajectories from ages 3 to 10." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 04 (February 5, 2019): 1557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001323.
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AbstractIdentifying Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs in early childhood is essential for understanding etiological pathways of psychopathology. Our central goal was to identify early emotion knowledge and self-regulation difficulties across different RDoC domains and examine how they relate to typical versus atypical symptom trajectories between ages 3 and 10. Particularly, we assessed potential contributions of children's gender, executive control, delay of gratification, and regulation of frustration, emotion recognition, and emotion understanding at age 3 to co-occurring patterns of internalizing and externalizing across development. A total of 238 3-year-old boys and girls were assessed using behavioral tasks and parent reports and reassessed at ages 5 and 10 years. Results indicated that very few children developed “pure” internalizing or externalizing symptoms relative to various levels of co-occurring symptoms across development. Four classes of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems were identified: low, low-moderate, rising, and severe-decreasing trajectories. Three-year-old children with poor executive control but high emotion understanding were far more likely to show severe-decreasing than low/low-moderate class co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptom patterns. Child gender and poor executive control differentiated children in rising versus low trajectories. Implications for early intervention targeting self-regulation of executive control are discussed.
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Alavizadeh, Seyed Mohammadreza, Mojgan Sepahmansour, Somaye Entezari, Mohammadreza Seirafi, and Mehrdad Sabet. "Development and Validation of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Germophobia Questionnaire in Iran." Practice in Clinical Psychology 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.8.4.695.1.
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Objective: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has recently been identified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The outbreak of the disease has caused numerous individuals around the world to become extremely frightened and subsequently present the signs of phobia. Fear is the basic emotion of anxiety disorders and individuals cope with their emotions by different strategies. The present study aimed at developing and validating Emotion Regulation Strategies for Germophobia Questionnaire (ERS-GPQ). Methods: The study participants were 99 individuals (74 females) of the Iranian population with concerns about germs who were selected with the snowball sampling method. They completed the ERS-GPQ and GPQ in the Google Forms platform. Results: The present study results illustrated that the ERS-GPQ has acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (a=0.61), reliability coefficients with split-half (0.70), and one-week test-retest (0.92); the ERS-GPQ also presented a moderate positive correlation with the contamination obsessions checklist of GPQ (r=0.44) as the convergent coefficient. Besides, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated 2 factors of the ERS-GPQ. Finally, the ERS-GPQ has 2 components with good convergent and discriminate validities and composite reliability. Conclusion: Based on the current research findings, the ERS-GPQ has acceptable and good psychometric properties; researchers can use the ERS-GPQ as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing ER strategies concerning germophobia. Furthermore, it has some considerations for practitioners in epidemic and pandemic crises, like COVID-19.
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Domoff, Sarah E., Emma Q. Sutherland, Sonja Yokum, and Ashley N. Gearhardt. "Adolescents’ Addictive Phone Use: Associations with Eating Behaviors and Adiposity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082861.
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Concerns have been raised about excessive or “addictive” phone use among adolescents, and the impact that addictive phone use (APU) can have on adolescent development and health. Most research on the physical health correlates of smartphone use has been limited to sleep health, whereas other outcomes, such as eating behaviors and obesity risk have not received as much attention. To address this gap in the literature, we examined the association between APU and emotion regulation difficulties, impulsivity, maladaptive eating behaviors, and adiposity in a sample of 111 adolescents. We found that APU is associated with greater emotion regulation difficulties, dysregulated eating, restrained eating, food addiction, and higher percent body fat. Further, we found that emotion regulation difficulties mediated the association between APU and dysregulated eating, restrained eating, and food addiction. Findings suggest that addictive phone use may confer increased risk for obesogenic eating behaviors and food addiction via challenges in regulating emotions.
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Smyth, Elizabeth J., Frank L. Gardner, Donald R. Marks, and Zella E. Moore. "An Exploration of the Mediators Between Childhood Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence." Violence and Victims 32, no. 4 (2017): 567–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00084.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with numerous long-term consequences and warrants significant clinical attention. Recent theoretical models and empirical research have suggested that several factors play a role in the development of IPV perpetration, including childhood maltreatment, early maladaptive schemas, anger, and difficulties in emotion regulation. This study investigated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and IPV, specifically examining the mediation of this relationship by several variables thought to be related to this pernicious problem, including early maladaptive schemas, the experience of anger, and emotion regulation difficulties. In a young adult collegiate sample of 110 women in relationships, results of a bootstrapped multiple mediation analysis supported the hypothesis that childhood maltreatment predicted physical aggression within intimate partner relationships and found that the total indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on physical aggression through the 3 proposed mediators was significant. However, consistent with recent empirical findings, only difficulties in emotion regulation significantly mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and physical aggression within the sample.
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Painter, Janelle M., Jasmine Mote, Andrew D. Peckham, Erica H. Lee, Timothy R. Campellone, Jennifer G. Pearlstein, Stefana Morgan, Ann M. Kring, Sheri L. Johnson, and Judith T. Moskowitz. "A positive emotion regulation intervention for bipolar I disorder: Treatment development and initial outcomes." General Hospital Psychiatry 61 (November 2019): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.07.013.
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Katz, Benjamin A., Neta Lustig, Yael Assis, and Iftah Yovel. "Measuring regulation in the here and now: The development and validation of the State Emotion Regulation Inventory (SERI)." Psychological Assessment 29, no. 10 (October 2017): 1235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000420.
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Rawana, Jennine S., Gordon L. Flett, Meghan L. McPhie, Hien T. Nguyen, and Sarah Jane Norwood. "Developmental Trends in Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review with Implications for Community Mental Health." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 33, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2014-004.
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The ability to regulate how emotions are experienced is central to psychological well-being. Developmental changes in emotion regulation (ER) strategies are unclear in the literature. Thus, a systematic review of the research literature was conducted in order to (a) describe normative ER development across childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood, (b) describe the patterns and processes of specific ER strategies, and (c) identify and describe the influence of specific individual factors on ER. Fifty-five studies were identified that examined key ER strategies across development. The findings highlight the importance of facilitating adaptive ER strategies among children and youth.
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Dovbysh, D. "Emotional Regulation of Mothers Bringing Up Children With Burn Injury." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1905.
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IntroductionBurn injuries occupy 11th place in the list of causes of infant mortality and 5th in the list of the most common non-fatal childhood injuries (WHO, 2014). The situation of getting a burn injury, prolonged hospitalization, painful medical procedures, the threat of a child's life results in mother's unusual and heavy emotional experience. Adequate processing of this experience will be an important factor in her future mental health. The study involved 35 mothers hospitalized with their children because of burn trauma.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of emotional regulation and emotional response of mothers bringing up children with burn injury.Goals(1) Describe the phenomenа of emotional regulation, found in mothers whose children have experienced a burn injury; (2) determine factors that cause appearance of special emotional phenomena among these mothers.MethodsСlinical interview, Beck Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventor, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ).ResultsA significant numbers of mothers shows a high level of anxiety and depression, which may be predictive of the development of PTSD. The main cognitive strategies of emotion regulation – self-blame and disasterization are maladaptive. An important role played by unconscious strategy of emotion regulation, basically – situation selection and attentional deployment, as well as the social regulation of emotions: the availability of a good support from family members with adaptive strategies of emotional regulation, adequate reactions of other mothers in hospital associated with less emotional distress above mothers. There is no correlation between the severity of burn injury and the emotional response of the mother.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Beauchaine, Theodore P., Colin L. Sauder, Christina M. Derbidge, and Lauren L. Uyeji. "Self-injuring adolescent girls exhibit insular cortex volumetric abnormalities that are similar to those seen in adults with borderline personality disorder." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 04 (November 5, 2018): 1203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000822.
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AbstractSelf-inflicted injury (SII) in adolescence is a serious public health concern that portends prospective vulnerability to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, borderline personality development, suicide attempts, and suicide. To date, however, our understanding of neurobiological vulnerabilities to SII is limited. Behaviorally, affect dysregulation is common among those who self-injure. This suggests ineffective cortical modulation of emotion, as observed among adults with borderline personality disorder. In borderline samples, structural and functional abnormalities are observed in several frontal regions that subserve emotion regulation (e.g., anterior cingulate, insula, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). However, no volumetric analyses of cortical brain regions have been conducted among self-injuring adolescents. We used voxel-based morphometry to compare cortical gray matter volumes between self-injuring adolescent girls, ages 13–19 years (n = 20), and controls (n = 20). Whole-brain analyses revealed reduced gray matter volumes among self-injurers in the insular cortex bilaterally, and in the right inferior frontal gyrus, an adjacent neural structure also implicated in emotion and self-regulation. Insular and inferior frontal gyrus gray matter volumes correlated inversely with self-reported emotion dysregulation, over-and-above effects of psychopathology. Findings are consistent with an emotion dysregulation construal of SII, and indicate structural abnormalities in some but not all cortical brain regions implicated in borderline personality disorder among adults.
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Wang, Katie, Charles L. Burton, and John E. Pachankis. "Depression and Substance Use: Towards the Development of an Emotion Regulation Model of Stigma Coping." Substance Use & Misuse 53, no. 5 (November 10, 2017): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1391011.
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Cole, Pamela M., Sarah E. Martin, and Tracy A. Dennis. "Emotion Regulation as a Scientific Construct: Methodological Challenges and Directions for Child Development Research." Child Development 75, no. 2 (March 2004): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00673.x.
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Kosutic, Zeljka, Marija Mitkovic-Voncina, Vesna Dukanac, Milica Lazarevic, Ivana Rakovic-Dobroslavic, Mina Soljaga, Aleksandar Peulic, et al. "Attachment and emotional regulation in adolescents with depression." Vojnosanitetski pregled 76, no. 2 (2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160928060k.
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Background/Aim. Attachment and emotion regulation skills are recognized as important factors in the development of depression, but their specifics have rarely been discussed in clinical adolescent population. The aim of our study was to investigate attachment and emotion regulation strategies in adolescents with depression. Methods. The sample consisted of 101 adolescents, age 16 to 24, divided into three groups: 1) 41 adolescents with the diagnosis of depressive disorder; 2) 30 adolescents with the diagnosis of anxiety disorder; 3) 30 health adolescents (without psychiatric diagnosis). The assessment was done by the following instruments: the Socio-demographic questionnaire; the Semistructured clinical interview (SCID-I) for the Diagnostic and Stratistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV); the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Data were analyzed using MANCOVA and partial correlation, with gender, age and birth order as covariates. Results. The adolescents with depressive disorders had less secure attachment to mother and peers than the health adolescents and less secure attachment to father comparing to other two groups (MANCOVA F = 4.571; p = 0.000). The adolescents with anxiety disorder had less secure attachment to father and peers compared to the healthy adolescents group (p < 0.05). The depressed adolescents used the strategy of cognitive reappraisal less often than both control groups (MANCOVA F = 5.200; p = 0.001). Subjective experience of depressive symptoms was related to insecure attachments to both parents and peers (r = -0.457; -0.436; -0.349; p = 0.000), as well as to lower use of cognitive reappraisal (r = -0.446; p = 0.000). Conclusion. Our findings related the adolescent depression to insecure attachment in all domains, with the specific weakness in emotion regulation (weak cognitive reappraisal). The findings could have practical implications for preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Sakakibara, Ryota. "The usage tendency of and the relation with psychological health of cognitive emotion regulation: Development of Japanese-version Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and focus on the effects of negative emotional intensity." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS 23, no. 1 (2015): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4092/jsre.23.46.
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Moltrecht, Bettina, Praveetha Patalay, Jessica Deighton, and Julian Edbrooke-Childs. "A School-Based Mobile App Intervention for Enhancing Emotion Regulation in Children: Exploratory Trial." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): e21837. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21837.
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Background Most mental health disorders are first experienced in childhood. The rising rates of mental health difficulties in children highlight the need for innovative approaches to supporting children and preventing these difficulties. School-based digital interventions that address shared risk factors and symptoms, such as emotion dysregulation, present exciting opportunities to enhance mental health support for children on a larger scale. Objective This study investigates the use of a new app-based intervention designed to support children’s emotion regulation in schools. The aim is to optimize the usability, acceptability, and utility of the app and explore its scope for implementation with the target user in the school context. Methods As part of an interdisciplinary development framework, the app is being evaluated in a 3-month trial across 4 primary schools. In total, 144 children (aged 10-12 years) took part and accessed the intervention app in the classroom or at home. Outcomes regarding usability, acceptability, and implementation opportunities were assessed through digital user data, self-report questionnaires (132/144, 91.6%), and semistructured interviews with children (19/144, 13.2%) and teachers (6/8, 75%). Results The app usage data showed that 30% (128/426) of the users were returning users. Self-report data indicated that 40.1% (53/132) of the children had not used the app, whereas 57.5% (76/132) had used it once or more. Of the children who had used the app, 67% (51/76) reported that the app was helpful. Interviews with children and teachers suggested positive experiences with the app and that it helped them to calm down and relax. Children reported that they perceived the app as acceptable, usable, and helpful. In terms of the intervention’s usability, most features functioned well; however, certain technical issues were reported, which may have led to reduced engagement levels. Teachers not only reported overall positive experiences but also discussed access difficulties and reported a lack of content as one of the main barriers to implementing the app. Having a web-based app significantly enhanced accessibility across devices and settings and provided teachers with more opportunities to use it. We identified the need for new, activating app features in addition to the existing, primarily relaxing ones. The findings indicated that it is possible to use and evaluate an app intervention in the school context and that the app could help enhance children’s emotion regulation. We discuss areas for improvement regarding the app, study design, and future implementation strategies. Conclusions We share important insights with regard to the development, implementation, and evaluation of a new app for supporting children’s emotion regulation in schools. Our results demonstrate that mental health apps represent a promising means to facilitate effective mental health service provision in and outside of the school context. Important lessons learned are shared to support other researchers and clinicians on similar journeys.
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Waxman, Jordana, Ryan J. Van Lieshout, and Louis A. Schmidt. "Early Adversity and Mental Health: Linking Extremely Low Birth Weight, Emotion Regulation, and Internalizing Disorders." Current Pediatric Reviews 10, no. 3 (August 5, 2014): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339631003140722103523.
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The experience of early adversity can increase one’s risk of psychopathology later in life. Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) provides a unique model of early adversity that affords us the opportunity to understand how prenatal and early postnatal stressors can affect the development of emotional, biological, and behavioural systems. Since the neuroendocrine system and emotion regulation can both be negatively affected by exposure to early adversity, and dysregulation in these regulatory systems has been linked to various forms of psychopathology, it is possible that these systems could mediate and/or moderate associations between early adversity, specifically ELBW, and later internalizing disorders. In this review, we discuss evidence of an early programming hypothesis underlying psychopathology and the identification of neuroendocrine markers of early adversity that may mediate/moderate the development of psychopathology.
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Jahromi, Laudan B., Katherine S. Kirkman, Morgan A. Friedman, and Amanda Dimachkie Nunnally. "Associations Between Emotional Competence and Prosocial Behaviors With Peers Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 126, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-126.2.79.
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Abstract Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk for disrupted peer interactions. This study contributes to our understanding of how multiple foundational elements of emotional competence are related to children's prosocial behaviors with peers. Children with ASD demonstrated significantly lower non-stereotypical affective perspective taking, had lower ratings of emotion regulation, and showed differences from their typical peers in the use of discrete coping strategies during peer interactions. Children's emotion regulation and use of discrete coping strategies in the context of peers were associated with their prosocial behaviors one year later. The findings add to our understanding of how emotional development contributes to individual differences in the social-emotional behaviors of children with ASD. Implications for intervention are discussed.
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Buchsbaum, Helen K., Sheree L. Toth, Robert B. Clyman, Dante Cicchetti, and Robert N. Emde. "The use of a narrative story stem technique with maltreated children: Implications for theory and practice." Development and Psychopathology 4, no. 4 (October 1992): 603–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004892.
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AbstractMaltreatment can impact the earliest stages of development during which time patterns of emotion regulation and attachment begin to be established (Carlson, Cicchetti, Barnett, & Braunwald, 1989b; Cicchetti, Ganiban, & Barnett, 1991). These disruptive patterns are problematic for early moral development and are likely to play a role in the development of conduct disorders (Aber & Cicchetti, 1984). Thus, maltreated children are clearly in a high-risk situation. To examine emotion regulation, internal representations of relationships, and early moral development, the use of a play narrative story stem technique (Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990; Buchsbaum & Emde, 1990) with maltreated children and a nonmaltreated disadvantaged comparison group of children is described. Representative case examples from each group are used to illustrate the effectiveness of this technique for eliciting themes about family relationships, conflicts, and their resolution or lack thereof as well as defenses and coping styles. The potential usefulness of this paradigm for clinical assessment and intervention are discussed.
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Aparicio, E., J. Canals, V. Arija, S. De Henauw, and N. Michels. "The role of emotion regulation in childhood obesity: implications for prevention and treatment." Nutrition Research Reviews 29, no. 1 (April 5, 2016): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422415000153.
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AbstractStress and negative emotions pose a major threat to public health, by increasing the risk of obesity. Since the management process for emotions (emotion regulation; ER) is developed in childhood, we present a novel conceptual framework model for the role of ER in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. A narrative review of the literature by electronic database search (MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge and Scopus) was conducted of observational and interventional/experimental literature on ER and obesity and the underlying concepts. We also present an overview of ER intervention techniques. Our model indicates that childhood ER is a link between stress and obesity. Stress along with ineffective ER leads to abnormal cortisol patterns, emotional eating, sedentary lifestyle, reduction of physical activity, and sleep problems. Simultaneously, a healthy lifestyle could show benefits on ER and in developing adaptive ER strategies. In the development of obesity and ER, parents also play a role. By contrast, effective ER skills decrease obesity-related unhealthy behaviour and enhance protective factors, which boost health. The literature contains some observational studies of children but very few intervention studies, most of which are pilot or on-going studies. In conclusion, encouraging effective ER could be a useful new approach for combating and treating childhood obesity. Future ER intervention studies are needed to confirm the validity of this model in children.
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Zapolski, Tamika C. B., and Gregory T. Smith. "Pilot Study." Journal of School Nursing 33, no. 3 (October 14, 2016): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840516673188.
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A significant proportion of youth engage in health risk behaviors, which are of concern, as they are associated with adverse health consequences across development. Two factors associated with engagement in such behaviors are emotion dysregulation and impulsivity. Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) is an effective intervention that enhances emotion regulation skills to reduce problem behaviors among adolescent populations; however, limited research has been conducted implementing the program within school settings. The current study was a 9-week DBT skills group conducted among 80 middle school youth, with pre–posttest data among 53 students. Findings indicated feasibility to implement the program in schools and preliminary evidence of efficacy in decreasing youth’s likelihood to engage in risky, particularly among youth high on an emotion-based impulsivity trait. Brief DBT skills group may be an effective program to be utilized by school nurses and health-care teams to reduce health risk behaviors among school-aged youth.
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Craig, Stephanie G., and Marlene M. Moretti. "Profiles of primary and secondary callous-unemotional features in youth: The role of emotion regulation." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 04 (November 8, 2018): 1489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001062.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThere is increasing evidence for multiple pathways in the development of callous-unemotional (CU) features, including primary and secondary profiles. Understanding affect regulation strategies among variants may provide further insight to the development and treatment of CU features. This study evaluated whether profiles of CU features could be identified within a clinical sample of youth using measures of affect dysregulation, affect suppression, anxiety, and maltreatment. We also examined whether these profiles were consistent across gender. Participants (N= 418; 56.7% female) ranged in age from 12 to 19 years (M= 15.04,SD= 1.85) and were drawn from a clinical sample. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using five indicators, including affect regulation, suppression, anxiety, CU features, and maltreatment. The best fitting model, a four-profile solution, included a low (low CU/dysregulation), anxious (low CU/high dysregulation), primary CU (high CU/low dysregulation), and secondary CU profile (high CU/dysregulation/maltreatment). LPAs found the same four-profile model when conducted separately for males and females. This is the first study to examine gender and include affect regulation strategies in the examination of primary and secondary profiles of CU.