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Izountouemoi, Anna. "Emotional Sensitivity, Emotional Expressivity and Dance expertise: A comparative study." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi och socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41180.
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Saberi, Maria Akbar. "The role of emotional intelligence in enhancing intercultural sensitivity." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7383.
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Emotions have been noted for their crucial role in survival behaviour relating to resistance to cross-cultural ambiguity. Today's globalised multinational corporations (MNCs) have recognised the importance of developing their diverse workforces' intercultural sensitivity (ICS) – a worldview towards cultural difference – as a means of reducing resistance to cross-cultural ambiguity hence maintaining a professional multicultural work environment. However, no studies have yet been made investigating the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in enhancing intercultural sensitivity and simultaneously regulating emotions produced from resistance to cultural difference. Therefore, this study has explored the role of EI in enhancing ICS aiming at increasing the effectiveness of intercultural training within the context of multinational organisations. A theoretical framework was constructed presenting the idea of EI entry-points into intercultural sensitivity and resistance to difference. Through an inductive research approach, a chosen multinational airline company's flight attendants were targeted with in-depth semi-structured interviews. Grounded theory analysis was applied. The analysis resulted in the development of a grounded emotional-cognitive intercultural adaptation process together with three adaptive cognitive states. These were named: Learn, Understand, and Know. Each cognitive state was noted to be associated with a particular emotional state that causes the interacting individual to shift into the relevant cognitive state. The emotions surprise and curiosity were found to be associated with Learn while empathy was found to be associated with Understand, and finally acceptance was found to be associated with Know. The research results strongly support the proposed EI entry-points within the grounded emotional-cognitive content of the produced intercultural adaptation process. The results address the research aim regarding the role of EI in enhancing ICS. Through the EI entry-points, ICS is indirectly enhanced through the development of intercultural performance as EI mental abilities are proposed which would regulate one's behaviour towards the three grounded emotional-cognitive intercultural adaptation states. The developed model is suggested to contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of intercultural training. The trainee's intercultural performance could be enhanced through directing the emotional-cognitive dynamics, during intercultural interaction, towards the empirically grounded set of emotional-cognitive states. As linking EI and ICS remains an important and under-explored topic, it is hoped that the findings of this study will present a better understanding of the dynamics of emotions within the context of multinational organisations, as well as the role of EI in enhancing ICS, subsequently leading to further research.
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Guarino, Leticia R. "Emotional sensitivity : a new measure of emotional lability and its moderating role in the stress-illness relationship." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9899/.
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Kelbick, Nicole DePriest. "Detecting underlying emotional sensitivity in bereaved children via a multivariate normal mixture distribution." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5fnum=osu1064331329.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 122 p.; also contains graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Joseph, Dept. of Statistics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122).
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Sanders, Kelley Christine. "Susceptibility and emotional reactions to the media : the role of anxiety sensitivity, neuroticism, and depression /." View abstract, 2001. http://wilson.ccsu.edu/theses/etd-2002-???/ThesisTitlePage.html.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2001.Thesis advisor: Bradley Waite. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-72). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Nasrallah, M. "Enhanced detection sensitivity to negative emotional valence : the role of awareness, attention, anxiety, and reward." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1302396/.
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The efficient detection of information of negative valence in the environment is crucial to survival (e.g. to elicit an avoidance response). However, previous research remains inconclusive regarding the question of whether detection is more sensitive to information of negative compared to positive valence. In the present thesis I used a signal detection approach applied to an emotional-evaluation word task (requiring the participants to classify a briefly presented masked word into emotional or non-emotional categories) to address this question. The results established conclusively enhanced detection sensitivity to negative valence compared to positive valence of verbal information, under both supraliminal and subliminal conditions (Chapter 2) while ruling out any alternative accounts in terms of word frequency, idiosyncratic differences in valence ratings and different levels of arousal. The extent to which the enhanced negative valence detection depends on availability of attention was addressed in Chapter 3. Using a dual-task paradigm, participants performed the emotional detection task together with a letter-search task of either low or high perceptual load. A negative valence detection advantage was found in the low load but not high load conditions. These results established that attentional resources are critical for the enhanced detection of negative valence. The role of individual differences in trait anxiety in the effects of attention on valence detection was examined in Chapter 4. The results demonstrated that high trait anxiety was associated with enhanced detection of negative valence even under high load, whereas individuals with low trait anxiety were less sensitive to negative valence across both levels of load. The effects of monetary reward were addressed in Chapter 5. The results indicated that while reward enhanced detection sensitivity, the negative valence detection advantage remained unaffected. Overall the results establish conclusively a negative valence detection advantage that interacts with attention, trait anxiety, but not with reward.
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Best, Lara. "The association between maternal responsiveness and child social and emotional development." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13642.
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Introduction. A mother’s verbal and non-verbal behaviour towards her infant is known as maternal responsiveness (MR). Positive MR is associated with better child social and emotional development (SED). A mother’s ability to accurately recognise emotions is thought to enhance MR. Method. Data from 1,122 mother-infant interactions from a longitudinal birth cohort study, was used firstly to examine whether positive MR at 12 months was associated with better child and adolescent SED, and secondly to explore whether better maternal facial and vocal expression recognition at 151 months was associated with positive MR and child SED. MR was measured using the Thorpe Interaction Measure (TIM) from observed mother-infant interactions and SED from questionnaire data adjusting for potential confounding variables. A test of facial expression recognition was used with vocal expression recognition additionally used in mothers. Results. Logistic regression revealed that positive MR was associated with positive SED outcomes in childhood but there was little effect in adolescence. Positive MR was associated with mothers having better facial and vocal expression recognition at 151 months and these recognition skills were associated with children showing less emotional problems at 158 months independent of MR. Adjustments for confounding variables had no effect on these results. Conclusion: These findings support the benefit of positive MR on a child’s SED in middle childhood. Further, the findings suggest that a mother’s facial and vocal expression recognition skills are important to both MR and a child’s SED. Limitations include subjective reporting of SED.
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Hood, Caitlyn Olivia. "THE EFFECT OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS AND TRAUMA-FOCUSED DISCLOSURE ON EXPERIMENTAL PAIN SENSITIVITY AMONG TRAUMA-EXPOSED WOMEN." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/156.
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Previous studies evaluating the impact of trauma history and PTSD on pain sensitivity yield inconsistent findings; the presence of trauma-related negative affective states may account for these discrepancies. Therefore, the proposed study aimed to evaluate the effect of trauma-related negative affect and PTSD symptoms on sensory and affective components of pain sensitivity among trauma-exposed women. Adult women (N = 87) with low and high PTSD symptoms underwent an emotional disclosure paradigm, during which they wrote about a traumatic event or a neutral topic. Participants then completed a pain induction procedure. Compared to women with low PTSD symptoms, women with high PTSD symptoms demonstrated increased time to pain detection (e.g., threshold) and ability to withstand pain (e.g., tolerance), as well as increased pain intensity and when accounting for relevant covariates. Women with high PTSD symptoms who wrote about their worst traumatic experience reported higher pain unpleasantness relative to women with high PTSD symptoms who wrote about the neutral topic and women with low PTSD symptoms who wrote about either topic. Results suggest that PTSD symptoms and trauma-related negative affect may facilitate alterations in pain sensitivity in trauma-exposed women, but this relationship is complex and requires further exploration.
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Barnsley, Megan Christina. "The social consequences of defensive physiological states." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4062.
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This thesis examines the validity of polyvagal theory as a model of normal socio-emotional responding (Porges, 1995, 2001, 2003a). Polyvagal theory makes several claims, and to date many of its predictions lack empirical testing. In the current research, five main hypotheses stemming from polyvagal theory were identified and tested using healthy participants. The initial empirical study examined the influence of laboratory stressors on autonomic function. The findings revealed that social evaluative threat increases activation of the sympathetic nervous system more than a virtual reality maze, and that arousal remains elevated for longer during anticipation of social evaluative threat in comparison to recovery from social evaluative threat. The second study investigated the effects of emotion regulation strategies on autonomic function, and highlighted the effectiveness of two meditation practices in reducing defensive physiological arousal and increasing subjective positive emotion. These studies were followed with a set of studies designed to evaluate the effects of defensive physiological arousal on socio-emotional functioning, as a direct test of polyvagal theory. The first study examined the effects of a laboratory stressor on facial expressivity, revealing that social evaluative threat had little impact on expressive regulation. A second study investigated the effects of a laboratory stressor on emotional sensitivity and spontaneous facial mimicry. Some limited support was found for polyvagal theory, although neither emotional sensitivity nor facial mimicry was significantly affected by laboratory stress. A final empirical study investigated the effects of a laboratory stressor on affiliation tendencies. The laboratory stressor did not influence participants’ willingness to spend time with others, however the experiment did reveal significant relationships between markers of social safeness and affiliation. The overall conclusion of this thesis is that polyvagal may not be a representative model of socio-emotional functioning in healthy participants. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the validity of polyvagal theory as a universal model of socio-emotional responding.
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Turner, Joan C. "Maternal sensitivity and mother-child mutual orientation as mediators of the effects of minor illness on toddler social emotional development /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060149.
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Wang, Yu-Han. "Chinese cultural features for new product design development." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12185.
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Cultural and creative industries are a growing and profitable sector in the UK. The industry blends historical culture with modern creative design to promote one's culture and to make profits. A cultural feature is the main characteristic of a cultural product; however most of the current cultural products are printed or decorated in a way that lacks any emotional or meaningful cultural link with consumers. Emotional engagement is the key factor when people make their decisions. Therefore, a design toolkit was created to assist designers to enhance an emotional connection between consumers and products. the research approaches involved a literature review to classify categories of cultural features, a questionnaire to measure emotional responses to Chinese cultural products, expert interviews to develop the toolkit, and workshops to validate the toolkit. This research is the first study to highlight emotional aspect of cultural products in order to enrich user experience. The contributions of the research are investigating human emotions of cultural products and developing a novel toolkit to support designers when creating cultural products.
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Angoff, Harrison D. "Post-traumatic stress or aggression: Distinct reactions associated with community violence exposure." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1611847518139184.
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Zoleta, Catherine. "Youth Exposure to Ethnic-Political Violence: An Examination of Aggression, Internalizing Symptoms, Emotional Sensitization, and Cognitive Desensitization." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu16260204343432.
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Tai, Wing-ying, and 戴穎盈. "Measuring the stigma-sensitivity of psychotic patients in Hong Kong : the effect of stigma-related stimuli on emotional stroop task and attentional probe task." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193090.
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Psychological distress aroused by stigma may lead to impairments in attentional functioning because it calls attention to the experience of stigma-related stress. Very few studies have actually considered whether stigma could disrupt attentional functioning by serving as distractors with emotional valence in the schizophrenia spectrum, given that there is a possible dysfunctional affective system in response to processing of emotional information.
This research employed the paradigm of emotional Stroop task and attentional probe task to investigate how stigma impacts on the functioning of selective attention. The primary objective of this current study was to investigate how selective attention, as measured in terms of reaction time and accuracy, can be disturbed by stigma-related stimuli in schizophrenia patients. The secondary objective of this study was to test the assumption that schizophrenic patients with higher sensitivity towards stigmatization will demonstrate higher impairment of selective attention in relation to stigma-related stimuli, since they may display more intense negative emotions than patients with lower sensitivity.
For emotional Stroop task, two categories of stimuli, including stigma-related words (emotional arousing to schizophrenic patients), furniture-related words (neutral stimuli) were shown in different colors and the subjects were instructed to name the color of words as fast and as accurate as possible. For attentional probe task, a stigma-related word was paired up with a furniture-related word in each trial. Participants had to respond as soon as they detect the dot in the position previously occupied by the words. Two groups of participants, healthy controls (N = 40) and patients with schizophrenia-related disorders (N = 40) were compared regarding their performances on emotional Stroop task and attentional probe task. The patients were further split into two groups; high-sensitivity towards stigma (N = 19) and low-sensitivity towards stigma(N = 18),for comparison on various variables, like level of symptoms, depression, medical adherence and awareness of mental disorders.
Based on the group comparison of performance on emotional Stoop task, schizophrenic patients exhibited significant emotional interference with the presentations of stigma-related words when compared with the healthy controls. Although the group comparison of performance on attentional probe task did not provide a significant result, schizophrenic subjects obtained higher difference scores which indicated that they were in general displayed more attentional bias towards stigma-related stimuli as compared to furniture-related stimuli. Both emotional Stroop and attentional probe task results show that schizophrenia patients in high-sensitivity subgroup demonstrated the greatest effect of emotional interference with the presentations of stigma-related words. Level of emotional interference for stigma-related stimuli in schizophrenic patients was moderately correlated with the measure of positive symptoms severity, and patients in high-sensitivity group had a significantly higher mean depressive symptoms score than patients in low-sensitivity group. Such information might help to identify potential risk factors and lead to improved treatment and prevention strategies for psychotic patients.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Nash, Claire-Louise. "The mediational effect of self-regulatory capacity on the relationship between temperament, childhood invalidation and interpersonal functioning : testing a new neuro-regulatory model." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3721.
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Based on existing theories of personality and socio-emotional functioning (e.g. Clark, 2005; Lynch, Hempel & Clark, in press) a new model is proposed and tested. The model hypothesises that (i) temperament (reward and threat sensitivity) and childhood invalidation predict problems with interpersonal functioning, (ii) this effect is mediated by self-regulatory capacity; where self-regulatory capacity comprises self-control (ranging from emotional over-control to emotional under-control) and flexible control and (iii) self-regulatory capacity itself has a quadratic relationship with interpersonal functioning. A UK community sample (n= 512) completed a self-report survey, measuring each of the aforementioned latent variables. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to determine the goodness-of-fit of this and variations of this model. SEM identified that a non-mediation model provided the best fit (χ²=49.403, p< 0.001; CFI=0.98; RMSEA=0.056). Good-fit was obtained for a model including flexible control as a partial mediator (χ²=269.06, p< 0.001; CFI=0.956; RMSEA=0.081) and adequate-fit for a model including over-control as a partial mediator (χ²= 91.744, p < 0.001, CFI=0.932; RMSEA= 0.096). Correlation analyses suggested that over-control and under-control correlated positively with interpersonal problems. Results from SEM provided promising initial evidence for the mediating role of self-regulatory capacity, particularly for the flexible control component. Correlation analyses provided support for the non-linear relationship between self-regulatory capacity and interpersonal functioning, whereby extreme over-control or extreme under-control is associated with interpersonal problems. Findings have implications for identifying mechanisms of change for therapeutic approaches to emotion dysregulation and for understanding the over-controlled population, which has previously been overlooked.
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Lewis, Alicia Hunter. "Developing Global Citizens: Perceptions Regarding Educational Leadership in an International Expatriate School." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1901.
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International expatriate schools require educational leaders to guide culturally diverse stakeholders as they prepare students to address world problems. In the United States, effective educational leadership has been demonstrated as necessary to implement research-based practices. However, researchers have not yet established the leadership needed from expatriate kindergarten through Grade 12 school leaders seeking to develop global citizens. This gap leads to the question of how international expatriate educational leaders demonstrate empathetic, emotionally self-managed, or interculturally sensitive skills when meeting a school's global-minded strategic plan. The purpose of this case study was to describe expatriate school leaders' perceptions of how they and their peers demonstrate these skills. The conceptual framework included distributed leadership, emotional intelligence, and intercultural sensitivity in the context of global citizenship. Data from an expatriate middle school in China included interviews with school leaders, documents, and researcher notes. The results indicated that expatriate leaders demonstrated empathy through social responsibility, emotional self-management through personal and professional competence, and intercultural sensitivity through active civic engagement. International expatriate schools may benefit if educational leaders demonstrate support and concern and provide examples of the global-mindedness expected of students. These results can guide faculty members' professional competencies toward implementing instructional programs that target the development of global citizens. Social change could result from international expatriate schools applying described models of distributed leadership toward a unified and socially just purpose.
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Macana, Esmeralda Correa. "O papel da família no desenvolvimento humano : o cuidado da primeira infância e a formação de habilidades cognitivas e socioemocionais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109267.
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Esta tese se compõe de três ensaios que conjuntamente pretendem explorar o papel da família no desenvolvimento humano, destacando especialmente sua função de cuidado na primeira infância e sua influência na formação das habilidades cognitivas e socioemocionais. A hipótese geral parte da premissa que a família é o espaço social com maior influência no desenvolvimento infantil e que determina inclusive os efeitos que outros espaços de educação e cuidado como a creche podem ter nos resultados das crianças. A família representa uma rede de cuidados e afetos, mas também pode constituir um lugar de privações para o bem-estar humano. As características das famílias tanto estruturais como de dinâmicas internas definem os fatores de proteção e os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento infantil. Nesse sentido, no primeiro ensaio realiza-se uma discussão teórica a partir de abordagens da psicologia e da neurociência sobre como as experiências na família e nos períodos sensíveis da infância determinam resultados das crianças, definindo, por exemplo, o desenvolvimento do cérebro e da personalidade. Nessa linha, apresentam-se as práticas parentais positivas e os estilos parentais participativos como referências para ambientes adequados e de estímulo. O ensaio também analisa o conceito de resiliência e que permite identificar fatores que explicam por que algumas crianças que ainda expostas a ambientes adversos podem atingir boas competências e desempenho. De igual forma, o ensaio discute sobre as habilidades cognitivas e não cognitivas e o papel central das emoções no desenvolvimento humano. No segundo ensaio, avalia-se o desenvolvimento infantil do Chile contemplando diferentes dimensões das crianças, como a cognitiva, socioemocional e motricidade. Considera-se também, ao mesmo tempo, a influência de fatores familiares sobre o nível de desenvolvimento atingido pelas crianças. Para esse objetivo aplica-se o modelo “Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes – MIMIC” que faz parte dos Modelos de Equações Estruturais (SEM). Neste artigo, também se operacionaliza parte da concepção da Abordagem das Capacitações fundamentada por Amartya Sen e Martha Nussbaum ao considerar as oportunidades das crianças atingirem seu desenvolvimento de acordo às condições impostas por suas famílias, seja por suas características estruturais ou socioeconômicas como a renda ou por dinâmicas interna da família associadas ao grau de sensibilidade, práticas de envolvimento parental e exercício de práticas de disciplina. Por fim, no terceiro ensaio avaliam-se os efeitos da creche no desenvolvimento cognitivo e socioemocional das crianças chilenas de 4 a 5 anos, condicionado às características da família, como o status socioeconômico, o grau de sensibilidade materna e as práticas de envolvimento parental. Os resultados mostram que a maior exposição à creche tem maiores benefícios nas habilidades cognitivas de crianças de baixo status socioeconômico do que nas crianças de famílias de maior status. No entanto, há evidências de efeitos negativos da creche sobre os resultados das crianças quando o grau de sensibilidade e envolvimento parental é baixo. Desta forma, este ensaio contribui ao entendimento da importância do engajamento parental para que programas de cuidado à infância como a creche tenham maior sucesso e possam cooperar no desenvolvimento infantil.This thesis consists of three essays that together aim to explore the role of family in human development, focusing on its care function during the early childhood and its influence on the formation of cognitive and socio-emotional skills. The general hypothesis consists that family is the social space with most influence on child development and it even could determine the effects that other social spaces like the daycare may have on child outcomes. Family is a network of care and affection, but it can also be a place of deprivation for human well-being. The structural characteristics of family as well as internal dynamics define protective and risk factors on child development. In the first essay, a theoretical discussion is done from the approach of psychology and neuroscience, and it explains how experiences in families during sensitive periods in childhood determine child outcomes, defining, for example, brain development and personality. In that sense, positive parenting practices and authoritative parenting style are indicated as references of suitable environments that encourage child development. The essay examines the concept of resilience and through this is possible to identify factors to explain why some children exposed to adverse environments can achieve good performance and skills. Also, the essay discusses about cognitive and non-cognitive skills and the central role of emotions in human development. In the second essay is evaluated the child development in Chile. This analysis includes different dimensions of children, such as cognitive, social-emotional and motor skills and considering at the same time, the influence of family factors on the level of development achieved by the children. For this objective, it is applied the model "Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes - MIMIC" which is part of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In this paper also is used the Capability Approach founded by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum considering the real opportunities of children to achievement their development according the conditions imposed by their families, either by their structural or socioeconomic characteristics such as income or by family internal dynamics associated with the degree of sensitivity, parenting practices and practices of discipline. Finally, the third essay evaluates the effects of daycare on cognitive and socio-emotional development of Chilean children of 4-5 years conditioning to family characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, degree of maternal sensitivity and parental involvement practices. The results showed that more exposure to daycare has more benefits in cognitive skills of children of low socioeconomic status than in children from families of higher status. However, there are evidences of negative effects of daycare on children's outcomes when the degree of sensitivity and parental involvement is low. Thus, this paper contributes understanding the importance of parental involvement for that child care programs like daycare have greater success and these can cooperate in the child development.
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Shields, Morgan Christina. "Physical Activity Predicts Emotion-Context-Sensitivity." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1399133615.
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Webb, Rebecca. "Maternal mental health, processing of emotion and maternal sensitivity." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21219/.
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Background: Research suggests that postnatal affective disorders such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with lower levels of maternal sensitivity. Understanding the mechanisms through which maternal affective disorders influence maternal sensitivity is important as it could lead to more tailored effective interventions to improve outcomes for women and their infants. One mechanism that is yet to be explored is the way in which mothers' process infant-related information. This thesis therefore developed a cognitive model that aimed to examine this mechanism. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to test this cognitive model of maternal sensitivity using a range of experimental, observational and questionnaire studies. The model proposed that maternal affective symptoms would be associated with maternal processing of infant-related information, which in turn would be associated with maternal sensitivity. Methods & Results: The aims were addressed through a systematic review and a study of women with (n = 23) and without (n = 47) affective symptoms and their infants (aged 2-8 months) after birth. The systematic review found that mothers with perinatal affective disorders are faster to disengage from sad infant faces and are more accurate at identifying sadness in infant faces (Article 1). To assess how mothers process infant-related information, validated pictures of infants' emotional faces were needed. Therefore, a validated set of infant emotional expressions was created and validated on student midwives and nurses and members of the general public. The images were found to have high criterion validity and good test-retest reliability (Article 2). Mothers processing of infant-related information and its relationship with maternal sensitivity was tested using a series of questionnaires, computerised and observational tasks. Results are reported in Articles 3, 4 and 5. Conclusion: Overall, the cognitive model of maternal sensitivity was only partly supported, in that maternal affective symptoms explained more of the variance of maternal sensitivity than maternal processing of infant-related information. Despite this, the work in this thesis provides a novel contribution to the literature by developing and testing a model based on previous research and by using robust measures such as eye-tracking technology and observational measures of mother-infant interaction. However, interpretation of the data is hindered due to methodological issues such as small sample sizes, homogeneous sample and demand characteristics. Therefore, more research is needed to test this model on a larger, more heterogenous sample.
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Barrig, Jo Patricia. "Maternal Sensitivity As a Mediator of Maternal History of Care and Children's Emotion Regulation and Attachment at 2 ½ Years of Age." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/18.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal sensitivity acts as a mediator in the associations between a mother‟s childhood history of care and her child‟s emotion regulation and attachment security at 2 ½ years of age. It was hypothesized that children of mothers who perceived their own childhood experiences with parents as caring and accepting would display more adaptive regulatory behaviors in fear-eliciting contexts and be more securely attached than children of mothers who recollected rejection in their own childhood experiences, with maternal sensitivity mediating these associations. Participants were 82 toddlers and their mothers. Mothers rated their childhood experiences of care and acceptance with their own parents prior to the laboratory procedure. Each child was presented with four novel stimuli, with mothers present, but not involved for the first two tasks and involved in the remaining two. Presentation of the novel stimuli was in pairs including one toy task (i.e., monster or robot) and one person task (i.e., clown or masks). Children‟s emotion regulation behaviors were coded continuously during the mother not involved condition, whereas observed maternal sensitivity was rated in the mother involved condition. Information about maternal sensitivity and children‟s attachment behaviors was reported by mothers using a diary technique. A path analysis was used to test the model examining the relationship between maternal history of care and sensitivity and children‟s attachment security and emotion regulation behaviors (i.e., distraction, withdrawal, contact with mother). Maternal sensitivity mediated the association between a mother‟s childhood history of care and acceptance and child attachment. Post-hoc analysis showed that this conditional indirect effect was significant only for children of mothers with less than a complete college education. In contrast, a childhood history of care and acceptance did not predict children‟s emotional regulation behaviors, although it interacted with education to predict distraction. Maternal sensitivity was associated positively with distraction and negatively with withdrawal, whereas children‟s attachment security was not associated with any emotion regulation behavior. Results are discussed in relation to attachment theory and continuities and discontinuities in the transmission process in mother-child relationships.
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Southward, Matthew Wayne. "The Impact of Expressive Flexibility and Context Sensitivity on Distress." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413288630.
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Messenger, Carla Lynn. "Anxiety Sensitivity and Panic among College Students: Cognition, Emotion, and Somatic Symptoms." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626146.
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Riley, Helen. "Maternal attachment and recognition of infant emotion." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16569.
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Objective: The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal emotion recognition of infant faces in a facial morphing task differed by maternal attachment style, and if this was moderated by a secure attachment prime, such that it would ameliorate the effects of maternal attachment insecurity. Method: 87 mothers of children aged 0-18 months completed measures of global and mother-specific trait attachment, post-natal depression, mood and state attachment alongside 2 sessions of an emotion recognition task. This task was made up of short movies created from photographs of infant faces, changing from neutral to either happy or sad. It was designed to assess sensitivity (accuracy of responses and intensity of emotion required to recognize the emotion) to changes in emotions expressed in the faces of infants. Participants also underwent a prime manipulation that was either attachment-based (experimental group) or neutral (control group). Results: There were no significant effects for global attachment scores (i.e., avoidant, anxious). However, there was a significant interaction effect of condition x maternal avoidant attachment for accuracy of recognition of happy infant faces. Explication of this interaction yielded an unexpected finding: participants reporting avoidant attachment relationships with their own mothers were less accurate in recognizing happy infant faces following the attachment prime than participants with maternal avoidant attachment in the control condition. Conclusions: Future research directions suggest ways to improve strength of effects and variability in attachment insecurity. Clinical implications of the study center on the preliminary evidence presented that supports carefully selected and executed interventions for mothers with attachment problems.
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Idol, Marianne T. "Maternal sensitivity and strategies to regulate toddlers' distress relations to toddlers' emotion regulation /." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/idolm/marianneidol.pdf.
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Nilsson, Gustaf. "Are people with higher interoceptive sensitivity really morealtruistic? : A replication study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193668.
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Interoceptive sensitivity (IS) is the ability to feel one’s own bodilysignals accurately. The connection between IS, emotional processingand consecutive behavior is a popular research topic. In this study, Itried to replicate a study by Piech and colleagues from 2017. Theoriginal study reported on a correlation between strong IS and beingmore altruistic. In this replication attempt, I used the same methodologyas in the original study; a dictator game as a measure of altruistictendencies and a heartbeat detection task as a measure of IS. However,I did not find a relationship between strong IS and being more altruistic.An analysis of the new data indicates that a minor methodologicaldifference for this replication - using a purely hypothetical dictatorgame - resulted in a generally larger amount of money given away inthe test. This complicates interpretation, since this new result can beinterpreted either as resulting from individual differences in respondingto a hypothetical game (as compared to a real game), or from an actualnull relationship found between IS and altruism. The strength of therelationship reported in the original study is still questioned, afterarguments are made that the data in replicating most favorably supportthe null relationship being a valid estimate.
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Lang, Charlene Jasmin. "The relationship between depressive symptoms, rumination and sensitivity to emotion specified in facial expressions." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5347.
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In social interactions it is important for perceivers to be able to differentiate between facial expressions of emotion associated with a congruent emotional experience (genuine expressions) and those that are not (posed expressions). This research investigated the sensitivity of participants with a range of depressive symptom severity and varying levels of rumination to the differences between genuine and posed facial expressions The suggested mechanisms underlying impairments in emotion recognition were also investigated; the effect of cognitive load (as a distraction from deliberate processing of stimuli) and attention, and the relationships between mechanisms and sensitivity across a range of depressive symptoms and level of rumination. Participants completed an emotion categorisation task in which they were asked if targets were showing either happiness or sadness, and then if targets were feeling those emotions. Participants also completed the same task under cognitive load. In addition, a recognition task was used to measure attention. Results showed that when making judgements about whether targets were feeling sad lower sensitivity was related to higher levels of depressive symptoms, but contrary to predictions, only when under cognitive load. Depressive symptoms and rumination were not related to higher levels of bias towards sad expressions. Recognition did not show a relationship with sensitivity, rumination or depression scores. Cognitive load did not show the expected effects or improving sensitivity but instead showed lower sensitivity scores in some conditions compared to conditions without load. Implications of results are discussed, as well as directions for future research.
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Hassan, B. "The longitudinal influences of maternal mind-mindedness and maternal sensitivity on child emotion regulation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1407023/.
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Aims: This longitudinal study investigated the role of maternal mind-mindedness and maternal sensitivity on the child’s emotion regulation abilities. Methods: 85 mother child-dyads were recruited through the University of Reading’s Child Development Group database. Mother-child-interactions, child’s reactivity and emotion regulation were videotaped and coded when the child was 15 (Time 1) and 24 (Time 2) months old, in a frustration-eliciting situation, the Attractive Toy Task (Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery, Goldsmith & Rothbart, 1991). At Time 1, maternal sensitivity was coded using the Global Rating Scale of Mother- Child Interaction (Gunning, Fiori-Cowley & Murray, 1999) and maternal-mindedness was coded using an adaptation of the Mind-Mindedness Coding Manual (Meins & Fernyhough, 2010). Results: As predicted, there was a relationship between maternal sensitivity and maternal mind-mindedness; however the association between maternal mind- mindedness and maternal sensitivity was confounded by maternal verbosity. Mind- mindedness and maternal sensitivity at 15 months did not have an impact on the child’s emotion regulation ability at 15 or 24 months. No evidence was found of maternal sensitivity mediating the relationship between mind-mindedness and the child’s emotion regulation ability. Conclusions: Overall, the present study found support for the concept that maternal mind-mindedness is linked to maternal sensitivity in emotionally challenging situations. Further research capturing the dynamic nature of emotion regulation by time synchronized and multi-temporal analysis is warranted so as to investigate the contribution of parental sensitivity and mind-mindedness in the child’s emotional development.
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Comer, Malori. "Consumer evaluation: The link between body mass index, reward sensitivity, product liking and emotion." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1370.
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The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate consumer acceptance of cheeses varying in fat and sodium levels, (2) to determine if sensitivity to reward and body mass index has an effect on product liking based on fat or salt content, (3) to evaluate the use of FaceReader technology during consumer evaluation and, (4) to determine if consumer’s self-selected, conscious emotions matched with the expressed, subconscious emotions acquired by FaceReader.
Consumer acceptance testing (n=108) was conducted on two medium cheddar cheeses with varying fat levels and two low-moisture part-skim mozzarella cheeses varying in sodium levels. Attributes were measured using a 9-point hedonic scale. In order to measure reward sensitivity, participants completed the BIS/BAS questionnaire and the SPSRQ prior to consumer acceptance testing. SIMS sensory software was used for data collection. The complete consumption experience was video recorded (n=83). A choose-all-that-apply format was used so participants could indicate all emotional states before and after consumption. A total of 332 pairs of videos (83 subjects, four samples, before and after consumption) were used for FaceReader analysis.
Regular cheddar cheese scored significantly higher than the reduced fat cheddar cheese for mean overall liking, flavor, texture, creaminess, saltiness and aftertaste. The higher sodium mozzarella scored significantly higher than the lower sodium mozzarella for mean flavor, saltiness and aftertaste (p
FaceReader Results indicated: Neutral was the most accurately matched self-selected emotion (100%) before and after consumption, followed by happy (82% and 63% respectively). FaceReader was unable to correctly match surprised/angry before consumption and angry/sad after consumption. FaceReader acquired 420 and 495 additional non-self-selected emotions before and after consumption, respectively. Neutral and angry were most commonly expressed when not self-selected. Disgusted and scared were rarely expressed when not self-selected. FaceReader was not as successful matching the self-selected emotions after consumption. Surprised and happy were commonly missed both before and after consumption. Disgusted was missed primarily after consumption. "Happy" is self-selected and expressed more times for regular cheddar than the reduced fat cheddar. The mean overall liking score was also significantly higher for the regular cheddar than reduced fat cheddar. Similar results were found with mozzarella.
Although low fat and low sodium cheeses represent a healthier option, consumer acceptance indicated that the higher fat and higher sodium samples scored higher; changes in flavor and texture need to be made in order to produce a more liked product. There is a complex relationship between product liking, body mass index, gender and sensitivity to reward but further research needs to be conducted to investigate how the variables interact.
FaceReader technology did match some of the self-selected emotions identified by the subject. However, one question remains: which emotions, self-selected/conscious emotions or subconscious/expressed emotions, are a better predictor of liking?
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Teeters, Angelique R. "Effects of Childhood Maltreatment History on Maternal Sensitivity to Infant Facial Expressions of Emotion." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1396716594.
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Wilson, Claudia. "Maternal cognitive stimulation, maternal sensitivity and maternal depression as predictors of later emotion regulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419335.
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McLellan, Tracey Lee. "Sensitivity to Emotion Specified in Facial Expressions and the Impact of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1979.
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This thesis describes a program of research that investigated the sensitivity of healthy young adults, healthy older adults and individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to happiness, sadness and fear emotion specified in facial expressions. In particular, the research investigated the sensitivity of these individuals to the distinctions between spontaneous expressions of emotional experience (genuine expressions) and deliberate, simulated expressions of emotional experience (posed expressions). The specific focus was to examine whether aging and/or AD effects sensitivity to the target emotions. Emotion-categorization and priming tasks were completed by all participants. The tasks employed an original set of cologically valid facial displays generated specifically for the present research. The categorization task (Experiments 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a) required participants to judge whether targets were, or were not showing and feeling each target emotion. The results showed that all 3 groups identified a genuine expression as both showing and feeling the target emotion whilst a posed expression was identified more frequently as showing than feeling the emotion. Signal detection analysis demonstrated that all 3 groups were sensitive to the expression of emotion, reliably differentiating expressions of experienced emotion (genuine expression) from expressions unrelated to emotional experience (posed and neutral expressions). In addition, both healthy young and older adults could reliably differentiate between posed and genuine expressions of happiness and sadness, whereas, individuals with AD could not. Sensitivity to emotion specified in facial expressions was found to be emotion specific and to be independent of both the level of general cognitive functioning and of specific cognitive functions. The priming task (Experiments 1b, 2b, 3b,4b) employed the facial expressions as primes in a word valence task in order to investigate spontaneous attention to facial expression. Healthy young adults only showed an emotion-congruency priming effect for genuine expressions. Healthy older adults and individuals with AD showed no priming effects. Results are discussed in terms of the understanding of the recognition of emotional states in others and the impact of aging and AD on the recognition of emotional states. Consideration is given to how these findings might influence the care and management of individuals with AD.
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Hedblom, Carolina. "Sense and Sensibility : Three Components of Moral Sensitivity and Their Underlying Neural Mechanisms." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17487.
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A phenomenon explored in the field of the cognitive neuroscience of morality is moral sensitivity, which is a collective name for a subjective experience related to the ability to detect and respond to morally relevant cues in a given social situation. This thesis will review the underlying neural mechanisms of moral sensitivity and three key components: Empathy, moral disgust and moral intuition, also called moral “gut-feeling.” Initially, the thesis provides a basic explanation of what moral sensitivity entails and the primary observations of which brain regions are often associated with moral sensitivity. Studies show that emotion and cognition seem to be essential to the experience of moral sensitivity, which will be further emphasized by reviewing the chosen key components. Research on morality and empathy suggests that the affective and the cognitive components of empathy each are essential to moral sensitivity. The second key component, moral disgust, describes how moral sensitive people react to violations to society by being motivated to keep away from social interactions with poor moral influence. Research on the third key component explains how moral sensitivity can be affected by moral intuitions, here moral “gut-feelings,” depending on the closeness and emotional salience in a given situation.
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Ray, Andra Raisa. "Mediating and Moderating Factors in the Pathway from Child Maltreatment to Interpersonal Conflict Management in Young Adulthood." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1525372723507488.
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Bush, Angela. "Mechanisms for Depression Risk Among those with Sexual Abuse Histories: Stress Sensitivity and Emotion Regulation Deficits." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560341068052969.
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Spear, Stephanie L. "Parent-child interaction in childhood asthma the roles of parental negative affectivity, emotion regulation, and anxiety sensitivity /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3289460.
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Kedzierski, Diane M. "An Examination of Disgust, its Measures, and Gender Differences in the Experience of Disgust Sensitivity." Diss., NSUWorks, 2013. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/43.
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The emotion of disgust is understudied. It has been implicated in various forms of psychopathology, but its overall influence remains unclear. New and improved methods and constructs are required if we are to better understand the relationship of disgust in attitude formation and psychological functioning. This study was an investigation of a measure referred to herein as the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Evolutionary Scale (DPSES). A total of 655 participants were recruited from a private university in the southeastern United States to complete a pencil -and-paper version of the measure in exchange for course credit. Exploratory factor analysis revealed an adequate five-factor structure that was further evaluated and supported through confirmatory factor analysis. The five-factor structure of the DPSES was determined to assess properties of disgust propensity, disgust sensitivity, sexual, moral, and pathogen disgust. Women's scores were significantly higher than males' across all subscales (Cohen's d = 0.59 for disgust propensity, d = 0.62 for disgust sensitivity, d = 1.73 for sexual disgust, d = 0.37 for moral disgust, and d = 0.70 for pathogen disgust). Women are repeatedly demonstrated to have stronger reactions to disgust than men, most particularly in relation to sexual associations. A better overall understanding of reactions, gender differences, and ways that maladaptive responses to disgust influence various psychological disorders and dysfunctions increases the potential for advancements in corresponding diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Heck, Alison Rae. "Bidirectional Influence of Emotion Processing on Language Development in Infancy: Evidence from Eye-tracking Mothers and Infants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73791.
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The primary goal of this study was to examine how infants' language and emotion development intersect around the end of the first year. Specifically, is learning enhanced when a speaker is happy vs. neutral? Eighteen 12-month-old infants were familiarized and tested on four word-object associations that varied in bimodal emotion (happy vs. neutral), which were presented on a Tobii© T60 eye-tracker. Familiarization trials comprised of actresses looking towards and labeling a target object while ignoring a non-target distractor object on the opposite side of the screen. It was expected that infants would demonstrate better learning of word-object associations during the test trials when the speaker was happy. This hypothesis was partially supported, in that infants demonstrated a novelty preference for the novel non-target object compared to the familiar target object in the happy test trials only. However, no difference in attention was seen in happy test trials with the familiar target object and a familiar non-target object or for either of the neutral test trials. A second goal of this study was to examine infant-parent correspondence in emotion processing. Both infants and parents were presented with a series of emotion pairs on the eye-tracker, and the correlations between their gaze patterns were examined. In general, infants and parents had little to no correspondence in first look tendencies or overall fixation duration to either face in the pair. They also fixated on different areas of the face (infants on mouth region, parents on eye region). Finally, parental sensitivity was examined using a free-play interaction task. Parents' sensitivity was analyzed with respect to measures of infants learning during the language task as well as other infant characteristics (e.g. temperament, vocabulary). Overall, these findings add to the relatively limited research examining the intersection of language and socioemotional development in infancy.Ph. D.
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Chandley, Rachel Burgard. "The Impact of Emotion Dysregulation on the Relationships among Anxiety Sensitivity, Coping Drinking Motives, and Alcohol-Related Outcomes in College Women." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1313006843.
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Izadpanah, Shahrzad [Verfasser], and Sven [Akademischer Betreuer] Barnow. "Adolescent reinforcement sensitivity as a longitudinal predictor of psychopathology: Investigating inhibitory control and emotion regulation as underlying mechanisms / Shahrzad Izadpanah ; Betreuer: Sven Barnow." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1178009904/34.
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Ferreira, Jacqueline Helena Tavares. "Emotions of fear and disgust: subjective and cardiac responses as a function of different sensory stimuli." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23648.
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Doutoramento em PsicologiaThe work presented in this thesis aimed to explored the cardiac response of the emotions of disgust and fear using visuo-auditory and olfactory stimuli. This thesis is organized into three major sections. The first section provides a brief revision of the theories of emotions, a brief description of automatic recognition of emotion based on ECG (electrocardiogram) and a review of chemosensory signals transmitted via body odors, as well as their effects in human’s physiological, cognitive and behavioral responses. The second section presents the four studies that were conducted. In Study 1we used movies to induce disgust, fear and neutral emotions and examined whether noise entropy of ECG can work as a potential biomarker to discriminate disgust from fear and neutral conditions. The results showed that it is possible to discriminate such emotions based on ECG noise entropy with 88% (p<.05) accuracy and that the median value of the disgust condition was higher when compared with the fear and neutral conditions. In Study 2 we developed and tested a classifier to automatically classify emotions using noise entropy of ECG. The performance of the classifier was good for fear and disgust identification (60% of sensitivity and 80% of specificity) and perfect for identification of the neutral condition (100%). In addition to the responses to the visual stimuli, we also evaluated the cardiac response using olfactory stimuli, namely the body odors collected in conditions of disgust, fear and neutral. To control for potential individual differences in disgust propensity and sensitivity on body odor perception, in Study 3 we examined the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of DPSS-R. The results confirmed the existence of two distinct factors, disgust propensity and sensitivity. Moreover, the scale showed an acceptable convergent and discriminant validity and a satisfactory reliability. In the Study 4 we investigated how a BO prime affects the emotional tone of a subsequent BO message, on cardiac and subjective responses. The results demonstrated a reduction in heart rate variability (HRV-HF) when the participants smelled the neutral body odors after they smelled the disgust and fear body odors. The effect of order of presentation was also evident in the subjective ratings, with the neutral odors being perceived as more intense when the receivers smelled the neutral odors after they smelled the negative body odors. Such effects were independent of the pleasantness of the body odors. Finally, in the third section we presented the general discussion of the main results, the current limitations of the studies as well the future directions and the potential implications and applications of the results. Overall, the findings of the studies described in this thesis suggest that the ECG noise contains meaningful information that can allow emotion recognition and that the order of presentation of body odor can affect the cardiac response and subjective response of the receivers.
O trabalho apresentado nesta tese teve como objetivo explorar a resposta cardíaca das emoções de nojo e de medo usando estímulos visuo-auditivos e olfativos. Esta tese está organizada em três grandes partes. A primeira parte apresenta uma breve revisão das teorias das emoções, uma descrição sobre o reconhecimento automático da emoção baseado no sinal do ECG e uma revisão acerca dos sinais químico-sensoriais transmitidos pelos odores corporais, assim como os seus efeitos nas respostas fisiológicas, cognitivas e subjetivas. A segunda parte apresenta os quatro estudos que foram realizados. No Estudo 1 usámos filmes para induzir as respostas emocionais de nojo, de medo e neutras e examinámos se a entropia do ruído do sinal de ECG pode funcionar como um potencial biomarcador para discriminar as três condições emocionais. Os resultados mostraram que é possível discriminar as três condições emocionais usando a entropia do ruído do sinal de ECG com 88% (p < .05) de precisão e que o valor da mediana da condição de nojo foi superior, quando comparado com as condições de medo e neutras. No Estudo 2 usámos a entropia do ruído do sinal de ECG para desenvolver e testar um algoritmo que classifica as emoções automaticamente. O classificador obteve um bom desempenho na identificação de nojo e medo (com 60% de sensibilidade e 80% de especificidade) e um desempenho perfeito na condição neutra. Para além da resposta a estímulos visuais, também avaliámos a resposta cardíaca usando estímulos olfativos, nomeadamente os odores corporais de nojo, medo e neutros. De forma a controlar as diferenças individuais da propensão e sensibilidade ao nojo na perceção dos odores corporais, no Estudo 3 examinámos as características psicométricas da versão Portuguesa da DPSS-R. Os resultados confirmaram a existência de dois fatores independentes, propensão e sensibilidade ao nojo. Adicionalmente, a escala obteve uma validade convergente e discriminante aceitável e confiabilidade satisfatória. No Estudo 4, investigámos como é que os odores corporais recolhidos em condições emocionais específicas influenciam a resposta de odores corporais emocionais apresentados subsequentemente, ao nível subjetivo e da resposta cardíaca. Os resultados demonstraram uma redução da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (HF-HRV) quando os participantes cheiraram os odores corporais neutros depois dos odores corporais de nojo e de medo. O efeito da ordem de apresentação dos odores corporais também se verificou nas avaliações subjetivas, sendo os odores corporais neutros avaliados como mais intensos depois da apresentação dos odores de medo e de nojo. Este efeito foi independente da agradabilidade atribuída aos odores corporais. Finalmente, na terceira parte, apresentamos a discussão geral dos principais resultados, as limitações dos estudos, bem como propostas para estudos futuros e potenciais implicações e aplicações dos resultados. Em síntese, os resultados dos estudos descritos neste trabalho sugerem que o ruído do ECG contém informações significativas que podem permitir reconhecer emoções e que a ordem de apresentação do odor corporal pode afetar a resposta cardíaca e subjetiva dos participantes.
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Christelle, Maxence. "Consentement et subjectivité juridique : contribution à une théorie émotivo-rationnelle du droit." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010283/document.
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Le consentement est probablement l'un des concepts les plus familiers aux juristes. Initiée à son fonctionnement dès le début des études du droit, par le prisme quasi exclusif du droit des obligations, la communauté juridique trouve dans celui-ci un moyen commode d'expliquer l'engagement individuel dans un ensemble de normes. Dès lors, c'est par le consentement que l'on pourrait rendre compte de la volonté, c'est-à-dire de cet élément subjectif qui permet l'application de la règle.Pourtant, après une étude approfondie, deux éléments au moins étonnent. Le premier tient à ce que la réflexion sur ce sujet est quantitativement faible. Le second, quant à lui, consiste dans le fait que la définition même du terme de consentement est trop peu interrogée. Ce faisant, elle varie d'un auteur à l'autre avec toutefois un trait commun: le consentement est presque toujours pensé comme détaché de la personne qui en est l'auteur. Ainsi, on évite d'avoir à s'interroger sur l'acteur principal de l'ordre juridique.Malgré ses mérites, cette vision abstraite est devenue trop excessive pour pouvoir demeurer en l'état. L'absence de définition du concept a pour effet de faire émerger des usages nouveaux de ce dernier. On pensait avoir résolu la question de la subjectivité, et pourtant elle fait retour dans ses manifestations les plus concrètes.Dès lors, notre recherche consistera à essayer de trouver une définition du consentement, en faisant l'hypothèse d'un retour fécond à ses origines. Grâce à cela, on pourra tenter de proposer une nouvelle compréhension du concept et de la subjectivité juridique, en intégrant la dimension émotionnelle dans la réflexion sur le droitConsent is probably one of the concepts with which the community of law practitioners is most familiar. Having been introduced to the concept from the beginning of their studies, and almost exclusively in the context of contract law, the community of law practitioners finds it a convenient way to explain how an individual can choose to put his/her behavior under the rule of the law; consent indicates the presence of individual will, that is to say, the subjectivity of the individual exercising consent.Nevertheless, an examination of consent in the context of French law reveals that relatively little research has been done on this topic, and the very definition of the term rarely comes under close consideration. As a result, definitions vary, but retain a common element in that consent is almost always considered separately from the individual exercising it.This abstract approach, although it has its merits, must evolve. The lack of definition of the concept of consent results in it being put to new uses. The judicial community thought that consent would resolve the question of subjectivity, when in fact it only increases the need for a proper study. Therefore, we will seek a definition of consent, by taking an etymological approach. Based on this we will attempt to propose a new understanding of consent and juridical subjectivity, by integrating the emotional aspects of subjectivity into thinking and discussion on law
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Gutierrez, Lorinda A. "The Development of READY-A (Ready for Adolescents): An Adolescent Premarital Education Inventory." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1962.pdf.
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Dittrich, Katja. "From one Generation to the Next." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21169.
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Das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war, die spezifischen Effekte von mütterlicher Misshandlungserfahrung, Depression und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung auf kindliche psychische Gesundheit zu identifizieren und mediierende Pfade zu testen. Das erste spezifische Ziel war zu ermitteln, ob mütterliche Misshandlungserfahrung und Depression nicht nur einen Effekt auf kindliche Psychopathologie haben, was bereits gezeigt werden konnte, sondern auch auf kindliche Lebensqualität. Das zweite Ziel war, spezifische Übertragungspfade zu identifizieren, die diese intergenerationalen Effekte von mütterlicher Misshandlungserfahrung, Depression und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung auf kindliche psychische Gesundheit hinsichtlich der Lebensqualität und Psychopathologie erklären können. Es wurden alle drei mütterlichen Risikofaktoren als gleichwertige Prädiktoren in einer Studie untersucht und gleichzeitig verschiedene Mediatoren berücksichtigt. Der Fokus dieser Dissertation lag dabei auf mütterlichen emotionalen und behavioralen Charakteristika wie Erziehungsverhalten, emotionalen Kompetenzen und Misshandlungspotenzial als potenziellen Mediatoren. Zusammengefasst konnten wir zeigen, dass mütterliche Depression nicht nur einen Effekt auf die Psychopathologie der Kinder hat, sondern auch auf deren Lebensqualität. Dieser Effekte wurde meditiert durch Feinfühligkeit und Erziehungsstress der Mutter. Sowohl schwerere Misshandlungserfahrung, als auch Depression und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung erhöhen das mütterliche Misshandlungspotenzial. Wir konnten weiterhin zeigen, dass erhöhtes mütterliches Misshandlungspotenzial einen Effekt auf kindliche Psychopathologie hat. Schwierigkeiten in der Emotionsregulation wurden dabei als Mediator für den Effekt von Depression und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung auf Misshandlungspotenzial identifiziert und empathischer Distress als Mediator für den Effekt von Depression und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung auf kindliche Psychopathologie.The overall aim of this dissertation was to disentangle the specific contributions of maternal early life maltreatment (ELM), major depressive disorder (MDD), and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) to child mental health and identify specific mediating pathways of intergenerational transmission. The first specific aim was to test the hypothesis that ELM and MDD not only bear a risk for child psychopathology – which has previously been shown – but they also influence child quality of life (QoL). The second aim was to identify specific mediating pathways that might explain these intergenerational effects of ELM, MDD, and BPD on child mental health regarding child QoL and psychopathology. The set of studies in this dissertation have incorporated two or all three of these maternal risk factors as predictors in one study and considered several potential mediators. This dissertation thereby focuses on maternal emotional and behavioral characteristics such as parenting behavior, emotional competences and abuse potential in mothers with ELM, MDD, and BPD as mediators for the effects on child mental health. In summary, our findings show that maternal MDD not only poses a risk for child psychopathology but also for child QoL. Sensitivity and parenting stress mediated this effect. We found elevated abuse potential in mothers with MDD, BPD, and higher ELM and a link between abuse potential and child psychopathology. Difficulties in emotion regulation mediated the effects of MDD and BPD on abuse potential. We also identified personal distress as a mediator for the effect of maternal MDD and BPD on child psychopathology.
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Dieudonne, Maël. "Une société pathogène ? : les hypersensibilités environnementales au prisme de la sociologie cognitive." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2134/document.
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Depuis une décennie se rencontrent de plus en plus nombreux des malades d'un genre particulier. Présentant des symptômes variés et souvent invalidants, ils en attribuent la responsabilité à des facteurs environnementaux très spécifiques : produits de la chimie de synthèse pour les personnes hypersensibles chimiques multiples (MCS), rayonnements électromagnétiques artificiels pour les personnes électro-hypersensibles (EHS). La définition, l'existence même de ces maladies font l'objet de controverses autant politiques que scientifiques, que la littérature sociologique a déjà bien décrites. L'expérience de leurs victimes est en revanche peu connue – ce à quoi cette recherche propose de remédier, en s'interrogeant sur ce que signifie concrètement le fait de souffrir d'une hypersensibilité environnementale.Quatre manières de répondre à cette question seront explorées. La première renvoie à l'expérience de l'hypersensibilité, à ses manifestations symptomatiques ressenties dans l'évidence simultanée de leur corporéité et de leur origine environnementale. La seconde recouvre le raisonnement étiologique grâce auquel cette origine est reconnue et crédibilisée. La troisième a trait aux stratégies que les hypersensibles déploient contre leur mal, qui s'inscrivent dans le double registre du soin et de la mise à distance. Enfin, dernière dimension de leur expérience : la profonde transformation des rapports sociaux qu'entraîne le fait de souffrir d'une maladie controversée. Il s'agira d'étudier comment ces quatre dimensions se nouent, à l'aide d'une démarche ethnographique et inductiveFor about two decades, the number of people claiming to suffer from multiple chemical sensitivity or electromagnetic hypersensitivity has been steadily increasing in France.T hese persons experience various and sometimes quite disabling somatic symptoms, which they attribute to exposure either to chemicals or to anthropogenic electromagnetic fields. The definition, and even the existence of these diseases are controversial. They are not legally recognized and their victims resort to self-diagnosis. However, this is not a cognitively easy task. Its implications are also far-reaching: it results in a radical change in their views of themselves, their environment and their community, as well as significant alterations in their daily lives and behaviour. It is thus an interesting phenomenon to explain for a cognitive sociology concerned with how mental representations evolve and influence conduct. Such is the purpose of this thesis. The analysis relies mostly on ethnographic materials and is conducted in a comprehensive and ecological perspective. It falls into three stages. The first one is devoted to an exploration of the controversies aroused by environmental sensitivities, so as to clarify their lack of legitimacy. The second one deals with the subjective experience and biographical trajectories of environmentally sensitive persons. The last one tries to explain the appearance and persistence of their conviction that they are hypersensitive with a utilitarian model in which emotions play a prominent role. To conclude, a comparison is outlined with other epidemics of medically unexplained symptoms
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Hayes, P. Justus. "Psychpaths’ sensitivity to emotional metaphors." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3989.
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The results of this study provide further evidence for the hypothesis that psychopaths
display an insensitivity to the emotional valence of language and assist in generalizing this
finding to relatively complex linguistic stimuli. Using a Q-Sort format, it was determined that
psychopathic subjects not only made more mistakes then nonpsychopathic subjects when using
the emotional valence of metaphors as a sorting criteria, but also that their mistakes were more
likely to involve sorting errors that identified metaphors as being extreme members of the
opposite valence category. This suggested that psychopaths were confident in their
misidentification of emotional valence. The inclusion of a task that assessed metaphor
interpretive ability ensured that these results were not due to an inability to comprehend
metaphoric sentences. Further, age, years of formal education, and reading level were ruled out
as potentially confounding variables. Recommendations were made for future research that
examines other aspects of the psychopath's use of metaphor.
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"Parenting, Executive Function, and Children’s Emerging Emotional Intelligence." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.54795.
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abstract: The construct of adult emotional intelligence has gained increasing attention over the last 15 years given its significant socioemotional implications for the ability to label, understand, and regulate emotions. There is a gap, however, in understanding how emotional intelligence develops in children. Parenting is one of the most salient predictors of children’s behavior and the current study investigated its prospective link to children’s emotional intelligence. More preceisely, this study took a differentiated approach to parenting by examining the distinct contributions of maternal sensitivity and emotion socialization to children’s emotional intelligence. In addition, executive function, considered a “conductor” of higher-order skills and a neurocognitive correlate of emotional intelligence, was examined as a possible mechanism by which parenting influences emotional intelligence. Data were collected from 269 Mexican-American mother-child dyads during 2-year (parenting), 4.5-year (executive function), and 6-year (emotional intelligence) laboratory visits. Both parenting variables were assessed by objective observer ratings. Exeutive function and emotional intelligence were examined as latent constructs comprised of relevant parent-reported and objective measures. Due to a lack of adequate fit, the emotional intelligence variable was separated into two distinct latent constructs, emotion knowledge/understanding and emotion dysregulation. Results indicated that neither dimension of parenting was predictive of dimensions of emotional intelligence. On the other hand, children’s executive function was positively related to emotion knowledge. Finally, executive function did not emerge as a mediator of the relation between parenting and dimensions of emotional intelligence. Taken together, these findings highlight the need for a nuanced developmental and bioecological framework in the study of childen’s executive function and emotional intelligence.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2020
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"Emotional Infant-Directed Faces Influence Sensitivity to Gaze Cues in Infancy." Tulane University, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
archives@tulane.eduMaking eye contact is one of the earliest, most important forms of communication. Newborns are sensitive to adults’ gaze direction (Farroni, Massaccesi, Pividori, & Johnson, 2004), and by 4 months infants learn more about an object that an adult has looked at (Reid & Striano, 2005). Emotional facial expressions influence infants’ scanning of adults’ eyes (Shepard & Spence, 2012), which may affect their sensitivity to eye gaze cues. In two experiments, we examined the effects of silent dynamic emotional messages on 6-month-old infants’ scanning of face features, as well as their sensitivity to and learning from eye gaze cues. In Experiment 1, infants completed a gaze cueing task in which speakers delivered silent approving, comforting, prohibition, and neutral messages and then shifted their eye gaze to a peripheral target. Although infants showed increased attention to the eyes during prohibition and comforting messages, all infants showed enhanced gaze cueing in the context of approving messages. Moreover, female infants showed trend-level gaze cueing following approving messages, whereas male infants showed trend-level gaze cueing following neutral messages. In Experiment 2, a separate group of infants completed a similar gaze cueing task that included a visual paired comparison test phase to examine learning of the gaze-cued and non-cued targets, based on the hypothesis that increased sensitivity to gaze cues would enhance learning of the cued targets. As in Experiment 1, infants showed increased attention to the eyes during comforting messages. However, we did not find any reliable gaze cueing effects. Infants spent more time looking at test targets following approving messages but did not show evidence of enhanced learning of cued targets. Overall, findings from both experiments suggest that 6-month-olds are more responsive to gaze cues in the context of approving messages, underscoring the significance of positive infant-directed interactions to the development of early joint attention. We conclude by discussing clinical implications, limitations (including a relevant error in Experiment 2), and future directions.
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Claire Frances Noonan
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Petropoulos, Apostolia. "Impulsivity and Reward Sensitivity: Attentional and Emotional Factors Underlying Stimulus-Reward Learning." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5428.
Full textAbstract:
Increased impulsivity and alterations in reward sensitivity co-occur in many psychiatric disorders. Moreover, individuals reporting more impulsive traits are less efficient in learning stimulus-reward associations. This suggests that impulsivity and reward sensitivity may be linked, consistent with evidence that the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in both processes. This study examined the relationship between impulsive traits, assessed by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and the Eysenck (EIQ), and performance on three behavioral tasks that measure impulsivity and reward sensitivity. The tasks included a Conditioned Pattern Preference (CPP) task, which measures the preference for abstract visual cues as an index of implicit emotional learning, a Probabilistic Reversal Learning (PRL) task that assessed the ability to alter behaviour when reward contingencies change and an Emotional Stroop task which assessed attentional control in response to emotionally salient stimuli. This study provided novel information on the relationship between processes that mediate impulsivity and reward sensitivity. In brief, subjects that were considered to have some explicit knowledge of experimental conditions showed a higher preference formation for the pattern paired with the reward on 90% of the conditioning trials. Although there was no overall effect of impulsivity, the medium impulsive group displayed the strongest preference formation (highest score for the 90% pattern and lowest score for the 10% pattern) compared to the low and high groups. Furthermore, there was an overall effect of Word Category in that participants made more errors for the emotional words (positive and negative) than the neutral words. There was no overall effect of Impulsivity on Stroop performance in this sample. Finally, for the PRL task more participants in the high impulsive group did not meet criterion for the Acquisition stage while more low impulsive subjects did not meet reversal criterion. Furthermore, high impulsive subjects made more overall errors in the Acquisition stage but not Reversal stage. In brief, low and high impulsive subjects performed sub-optimally on the CPP and PRL tasks but not on the Stroop task. This pattern reflects an inverted-U shaped relationship of the effects of impulsivity on associative learning.Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2010-02-05 13:33:27.076
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Gocek, Elif. "Mothers' mental state language and emotional availability in clinical vs. nonclinical populations /." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=478999&T=F.
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Klug, Arin. "Emotional arousal and information processing: Examining transient and learning-related changes in perceptual sensitivity." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=442133&T=F.
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