Journal articles: 'Emotional sensitivity'

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Bebko, Genna M., Bobby K. Cheon, Kevin N. Ochsner, and Joan Y. Chiao. "Cultural Differences in Perceptual Strategies Underlying Emotion Regulation." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 9 (October 2019): 1014–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119876102.

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Cultural norms for the experience, expression, and regulation of emotion vary widely between individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Collectivistic cultures value conformity, social harmony, and social status hierarchies, which demand sensitivity and focus to broader social contexts, such that attention is directed to contextual emotion information to effectively function within constrained social roles and suppress incongruent personal emotions. By contrast, individualistic cultures valuing autonomy and personal aspirations are more likely to attend to central emotion information and to reappraise emotions to avoid negative emotional experience. Here we examined how culture affects perceptual strategies employed during emotion regulation, particularly during cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression. Eye movements were measured while healthy young adult participants viewed negative International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images and regulated emotions by using either strategies of reappraisal (19 Asian American, 21 Caucasian American) or suppression (21 Asian American, 23 Caucasian American). After image viewing, participants rated how negative they felt as a measure of subjective emotional experience. Consistent with prior studies, reappraisers made lower negative valence ratings after regulating emotions than suppressers across both Asian American and Caucasian American groups. Although no cultural variation was observed in subjective emotional experience during emotion regulation, we found evidence of cultural variation in perceptual strategies used during emotion regulation. During middle and late time periods of emotional suppression, Asian American participants made significantly fewer fixations to emotionally salient areas than Caucasian American participants. These results indicate cultural variation in perceptual differences underlying emotional suppression, but not cognitive reappraisal.

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Moon, Jiyoon, and Jang-Han Lee. "Predicting Cigarette-Seeking Behavior: How Reward Sensitivity and Positive Emotions Influence Nicotine Cravings." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 39, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.6.737.

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Reward sensitivity is a primary indicator of impulsive behavior, such as cigarette smoking, and contributes to positive emotional experiences. The aim in this study was to examine smokers' emotional experiences and cravings in relation to their personality traits. Participants were divided into high- and low-reward sensitivity groups, and a procedure aimed at inducing emotions was conducted while physiological responses were recorded. There was a significant difference in the subjective experiences of the 2 groups, and a significant positive correlation existed between a positive emotional experience and craving cigarettes. Furthermore, reward sensitivity induced craving in smokers and the relationship was mediated by positive emotion. We believe that the identified mediating effect of positive emotions on craving could provide a better understanding of maladaptive behavior associated with positive emotion and may play an important role in treatment of nicotine dependence.

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Pettersen, Linda. "Sensitivity to Emotional Cues and Social Behavior in Children and Adolescents after Head Injury." Perceptual and Motor Skills 73, no. 3_suppl (December 1991): 1139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.73.3f.1139.

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This was an exploratory investigation of the relationship between sensitivity to emotional cues and social functioning in 20 head-injured children and adolescents (median coma 7.5 days) and 20 controls who had sustained other accidental injuries. Median age was 12.8 yr. (range = 5 to 16 years). Sensitivity to fundamental facial expressions and both visual and verbal context cues to emotion was measured. Analysis indicated that head-injured subjects were impaired relative to controls on a global index of emotion interpretation ability. A significant number of head-injured subjects also made errors confusing positive and negative emotions and errors interpreting emotionally toned vignettes. Results of a parent questionnaire indicated that head-injured subjects exhibit less appropriate social behavior than controls. The data showed a strong trend for global ability to interpret emotion to predict social behavior.

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Martin, Rod A., Glen E. Berry, Tobi Dobranski, Marilyn Horne, and Philip G. Dodgson. "Emotion Perception Threshold: Individual Differences in Emotional Sensitivity." Journal of Research in Personality 30, no. 2 (June 1996): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1996.0019.

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Reyes-Aguilar, Azalea, and Fernando A. Barrios. "A Preliminary Study of Sex Differences in Emotional Experience." Psychological Reports 118, no. 2 (April 2016): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116633350.

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Evolutionary approaches have proposed that women possess an advantage over men in emotional functioning to promote attachment for child-rearing. Likewise, sex differences have been reported in traits such as personality and empathy, traits that likely modulate emotional processing. In this preliminary study, sex differences in emotional processing were analyzed, including empathy as a social emotion and personality traits, as well as whether there exist relationships between those measures. Young volunteers ( N = 105) indicated the emotional valence, activation, and dominance that they experience in situations categorized as emotionally positive, negative, or neutral. The results of comparison between sexes supported the approach that women showed more sensitivity to high activation and dominance for positive emotions and empathy, and men were more sensitive to negative situations. Correlation analysis showed only one positive relationship between scores of Self-transcendence, a subscale of Temperament and Character Inventory, with activation scores of neutral situations, but not with emotionally charged situations, perhaps because emotions are context-dependent processes while personality traits are considered context-independent descriptions of habits. These findings should be replicated to enrich knowledge about problems in emotional processing.

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Papelis, YE, RA Kady, LJ Bair, and E. Weisel. "Modeling of human behavior in crowds using a cognitive feedback approach." SIMULATION 93, no. 7 (November 12, 2016): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549716673153.

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We present an agent-based approach to modeling crowd behavior that is based on complementary psychological and engineering principles. The application focus is for developing realistic models that address not only the physical but also the psychological aspects of crowd behavior. Our approach to modeling the psychology of a crowd is based on the principle of emotional reflection. According to this principle, human emotions are evoked in response to the perception of other people’s emotions, implying that emotions propagate in a crowd as a result of each person’s perception of other crowd members’ emotions in addition to external factors. We demonstrate that when incorporating an emotional component into a crowd simulation, there is enough sensitivity between the outcomes and emotion-based responses to provide a rich and powerful test-bed for assessing possible effects of emotionally driven responses in crowds. The emotional model is coupled with a movement model that is based on the social forces formulation, but with parameters that vary according to the current emotional state of each crowd member. We present the model along with results of how different emotional levels can affect the movement dynamics of crowds.

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Dodonova, Yulia A., and Yury S. Dodonov. "Emotional sensitivity measurement in cognitive tasks with emotional stimuli." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 5 (2010): 1596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.331.

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Bauer, Karen. "Emotion in the Qur'an: An Overview." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 19, no. 2 (June 2017): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2017.0282.

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In the Western academic study of the Qur'an, very little has been written about emotion. The studies that do acknowledge the power of emotion tend to concentrate on emotion as a response to the text's aesthetics. And yet emotion is a central part of the Qur'an: fostering the correct emotions is a part of pietistic practice, emotion helps to convince believers to act as they should, and emotional words and incidents bring unity to this synoptic text. This article has four parts. It begins by reviewing approaches that have been taken in History and Biblical studies, in order to clarify the nature of emotions. I argue that emotions are universal but that they have socially constructed elements and a social function. Also, control of emotions can be as revealing as emotional expression. Part Two describes the overall message of emotions in the Qur'an. Humans must cultivate God-fearingness, while God bestows mercy/compassion and love, or anger and displeasure. Believers are distinguished by their emotional sensitivity to God's word, and their ability to form an emotional attachment to God, and thus emotional control is a key pietistic practice. In Part Three, I propose a new method for analysing emotion within Qur'anic suras, which is to trace emotional plots. This method involves identifying the emotional journey undertaken or described in a passage of text. Part Four examines the resonance that is created by the use of specific emotion words in different suras.

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Malsert, Jennifer, Khanh Tran, Tu Anh Thi Tran, Tho Ha-Vinh, Edouard Gentaz, and Russia Ha-Vinh Leuchter. "Cross-Cultural and Environmental Influences on Facial Emotional Discrimination Sensitivity in 9-Year-Old Children from Swiss and Vietnamese Schools." Swiss Journal of Psychology 79, no. 3-4 (December 2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000240.

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Abstract. The Other Race Effect (ORE), i.e., recognition facilitation for own-race faces, is a well-established phenomenon with broad evidence in adults and infants. Nevertheless, the ORE in older children is poorly understood, and even less so for emotional face processing. This research samples 87 9-year-old children from Vietnamese and Swiss schools. In two separate studies, we evaluated the children’s abilities to perceive the disappearance of emotions in Asian and Caucasian faces in an offset task. The first study evaluated an “emotional ORE” in Vietnamese-Asian, Swiss-Caucasian, and Swiss-Multicultural children. Offset times showed an emotional ORE in Vietnamese-Asian children living in an ethnically homogeneous environment, whereas mixed ethnicities in Swiss children seem to have balanced performance between face types. The second study compared socioemotionally trained versus untrained Vietnamese-Asian children. Vietnamese children showed a strong emotional ORE and tend to increase their sensitivity to emotion offset after training. Moreover, an effect of emotion consistent with previous observation in adults could suggest a cultural sensitivity to disapproval signs. Taken together, the results suggest that 9-year-old children can present an emotional ORE, but that a heterogeneous environment or an emotional training could strengthen face-processing abilities without reducing skills on their own-group.

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Trzebińska, Ewa, and Anna Gabińska. "Features of Emotional Experiences in Individuals with Personality Disorders." Polish Psychological Bulletin 45, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2014-0020.

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AbstractPersonality disorders (PDs) are marked by significant disturbances in the way of experiencing oneself, others and the world around. Yet there is paucity of research on the nature of emotional experiences in these disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether and how emotional experience of individuals with ten distinct forms of PDs distinguished in DSM differs from those without PDs. The study was conducted via the Internet on a large nonclinical sample (N = 3509). Participants were administered a PDs measure and a performance task assessing three features of emotional experiences: emotional sensitivity, the valence of experienced emotions and the profile of five components constituting an emotion. As predicted, PDs sufferers experienced emotions differently from controls. Results demonstrated that individuals with all PDs were more receptive to emotional elicitation and displayed higher negative emotionality and a deficiency in the affective component of experienced emotions.

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Myruski, Sarah, George A. Bonanno, Olga Gulyayeva, Laura J. Egan, and Tracy A. Dennis-Tiwary. "Neurocognitive assessment of emotional context sensitivity." Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 17, no. 5 (August 21, 2017): 1058–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-017-0533-9.

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Kim, Jonghwa, Johannes Wagner, Thurid Vogt, Elisabeth André, Frank Jung, and Matthias Rehm. "Emotional Sensitivity in Human-Computer Interaction." it - Information Technology 51, no. 6 (December 2009): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/itit.2009.0557.

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Spinrad, Tracy L., and Cynthia A. Stifter. "Maternal Sensitivity and Infant Emotional Reactivity." Marriage & Family Review 34, no. 3-4 (June 2002): 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j002v34n03_03.

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Susindar, Sahinya, Harrison Wissel-Littmann, Terry Ho, and Thomas K. Ferris. "Evaluating Risk-Propensity Assessment Methods: Patterns in Repeated Exposure to Emotional Stimuli." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641066.

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In studying naturalistic human decision-making, it is important to understand how emotional states shape decision-making processes and outcomes. Emotion regulation techniques can improve the quality of decisions, but there are several challenges to evaluating these techniques in a controlled research context. Determining the effectiveness of emotion regulation techniques requires methodology that can: 1) reliably elicit desired emotions in decision-makers; 2) include decision tasks with response measures that are sensitive to emotional loading; and 3) support repeated exposures/trials with relatively-consistent emotional loading and response sensitivity. The current study investigates one common method, the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), for its consistency and reliability in measuring the risk-propensity of decision-makers, and specifically how the method’s effectiveness might change over the course of repeated exposures. With the PANASX subjective assessment serving for comparison, results suggest the BART assessment method, when applied over repeated exposures, is reduced in its sensitivity to emotional stimuli and exhibits decision task-related learning effects which influence the observed trends in response data in complex ways. This work is valuable for researchers in decision-making and to guide design for humans with consideration for their affective states.

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Jagiellowicz, Jadzia, Arthur Aron, and Elaine N. Aron. "Relationship Between the Temperament Trait of Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Emotional Reactivity." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.2.185.

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Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a temperament trait found in around 20% of humans, which has been found to enhance responsiveness to diverse stimuli. In this study, we investigated for the first time the extent to which SPS, and its interaction with quality of parenting, predicts positive and negative experiences in response to emotional stimuli. Participants (N = 96) from the upper and lower quartiles on the standard SPS measure (the Highly Sensitive Person Scale) rated the valence and their arousal level when viewing emotionally evocative and neutral pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System. High (vs. low) SPS individuals rated pictures eliciting emotion, and especially positive ones, as significantly more valenced, and tended to respond faster to the positive pictures; also, high, vs. low, SPS individuals who had reported having high-quality parenting reported greater arousal in response to positive pictures. Overall, results suggest that high SPS individuals respond more strongly to emotional stimuli—especially positive—without being more aroused unless they had especially high-quality parenting.

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Jiang, Xiao Feng, and Guo Lian Liu. "How Does the Saturation Influence on the Cognition of Clothing Color? A Behavioural Study." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.786.

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In this paper, “fashionable” and “conservative” as color emotional words were used, and color piece and clothing color samples with 40 hues and 9 saturation levels were evaluated on emotional variables in behavioral trials. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how the saturation influence on the cognition of clothing color. Results showed that different saturation could be easily perceived as different emotion, and the fashionable emotion presented a weak-strong trend as the saturation increased, whereas the conservative emotion presented a reverse trend. The emotions of color pieces and clothing colors tended to be consistent. However, compared with color pieces, the clothing colors had stronger fashionable emotion. The colors of high and low saturation presented sensitivity to subjects, and the RTs (response time) were shorter in emotional evaluation. In addition, it was easier to cognize fashionable emotion than to cognize conservative emotion.

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Padun, M. A., E. A. Sorokko, E. A. Suchkova, and D. V. Lyusin. "Emotion Sensitivity in Individuals with Various Degrees of Expressive Suppression: The Case of Policemen." Psychology and Law 11, no. 2 (2021): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2021110203.

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The article examines emotion sensitivity in policemen and its relationships with emotion suppression. It was hypothesized that individuals with high emotion suppression were less efficient in recognizing others’ negative emotions. Forty-nine policemen from the Arkhangelsk region of Russia aged from 22 to 50 took part in the study. Emotion sensitivity was measured presenting faces with dynamic changes in emotional expression from neutral to the one of four emotion categories, namely happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Emotion suppression was measured with Gross’ Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Happiness was recognized faster and more accurately compared to negative emotions. Among negative emotions, the least intensity was needed for the recognition of fear, more intensity for the recognition of sadness, and even more for anger. Fear was recognized more accurately compared to anger; there was no difference in the accuracy of the recognition of fear and sadness. Individuals high in expressive suppression recognized happiness faster and mistook sadness for anger more often. The results are discussed in the context of the specific features of policemen professional activity.

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Schönenberg, Michael, Alexander Schneidt, Eva Wiedemann, and Aiste Jusyte. "Processing of Dynamic Affective Information in Adults With ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715577992.

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Objective: ADHD has been repeatedly linked to problems in social functioning. Although some theories assume that the emotion recognition deficits are explained by general attentional deficits, mounting evidence suggests that they may actually constitute a distinct impairment. However, it remains unclear whether the deficient processing affects specific emotional categories or may generalize to all basic emotions. The present study aims to investigate these questions by assessing the sensitivity to all six basic emotions in adults with ADHD. Method: The participants judged the emotion onset in animated morph clips displaying facial expressions that slowly changed from neutral to emotional. Results: ADHD participants exhibited an impaired recognition of sad and fearful facial expressions. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that ADHD is possibly associated with a specific deficit in the recognition of facial emotions signaling negative social feedback.

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Stone, Anna, and Anita Potton. "Emotional responses to disfigured faces and Disgust Sensitivity: An eye-tracking study." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 9 (February 20, 2017): 1191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317692856.

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Facial disfigurement attracts attention and evokes negative emotion, but evidence is lacking for a link between these two reactions. The present experiment ( n = 29) investigated emotional and attentional reactions to photographs of people with disfigured faces. An eye-tracker was used to measure fixation on internal expressive features and on the forehead. Disfigurement to the internal expressive features invoked a stronger emotional reaction than disfigurement to the forehead. Attention in the area of disfigurement was associated with negative emotion (embarrassment, sympathy, disgust, repulsion) as well as surprise. Attention to the disfigurement, and negative emotion, was related to the trait of Disgust Sensitivity.

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De Panfilis, Chiara, Camilla Antonucci, Kevin B. Meehan, Nicole M. Cain, Antonio Soliani, Carlo Marchesi, John F. Clarkin, and Fabio Sambataro. "Facial Emotion Recognition and Social-Cognitive Correlates of Narcissistic Features." Journal of Personality Disorders 33, no. 4 (August 2019): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_350.

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Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is associated with both seeming indifference and hypersensitivity to social feedback. This study evaluated whether rejection sensitivity and empathic difficulties in NPD are accounted for by altered facial emotion recognition (FER). Two-hundred non-clinical individuals self-reported NPD features, rejection sensitivity, and empathy and performed an FER task assessing the ability to determine the presence or absence of an emotion when viewing neutral and negative facial stimuli presented at varying emotional intensities (25%, 50%, 75%). Those with higher NPD features were faster at accurately recognizing neutral and low, 25%–intensity emotional stimuli. This response pattern mediated the association between NPD features and increased anger about rejection. Thus, individuals with high NPD traits are hypervigilant toward subtle negative emotions and neutral expressions; this may explain their tendency to experience intense angry feelings when facing the possibility that the others would not meet their need for acceptance.

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Gohier, B., C. Senior, P. J. Brittain, N. Lounes, W. El-Hage, V. Law, M. L. Phillips, and S. A. Surguladze. "Gender Differences in the Sensitivity to Negative Stimuli: Cross-Modal Affective Priming Study." European Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (September 9, 2011): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.06.007.

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AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence showing that men and women differ with regard to the processing of emotional information. However, the mechanisms behind these differences are not fully understood.MethodThe sample comprised of 275 (167 female) right-handed, healthy participants, recruited from the community. We employed a customized affective priming task, which consisted of three subtests, differing in the modality of the prime (face, written word, and sound). The targets were always written words of either positive or negative valence. The priming effect was measured as reaction time facilitation in conditions where both prime and target were emotional (of the same positive or negative valence) compared with conditions where the emotional targets were preceded by neutral primes.ResultsThe priming effect was observed across all three modalities, with an interaction of gender by valence: the priming effect in the emotionally negative condition in male participants was stronger compared with females. This was accounted for by the differential priming effect within the female group where priming was significantly smaller in the emotionally negative conditions compared with the positive conditions. The male participants revealed a comparable priming effect across both the emotionally negative and positive conditions.ConclusionReduced priming in negative conditions in women may reflect interference processes due to greater sensitivity to negative valence of stimuli. This in turn could underlie the gender-related differences in susceptibility to emotional disorders.

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Lee, Yean-Ran, Eun Ju Yoon, Jung-Ah Im, Young-Hwan Lim, and Jung-Hwan Sung. "Emotional Tree Using Sensitivity Image Analysis Algorithm." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 13, no. 11 (November 28, 2013): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2013.13.11.562.

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Cross, Tracy, and Sal Mendaglio. "Social/Emotional Needs: Gifted Sensitivity to Criticism." Gifted Child Today 17, no. 3 (May 1994): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621759401700307.

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Welcome to the third column focusing on the social and emotional needs of gifted students. As I indicated in the first column, I have asked a friend, Dr. Sal Mendaglio from the University of Calgary, to share some of his thoughts and experiences counseling gifted students. Sal has been working on the topic of sensitivity for some time. Having talked at length with him about his ideas, I felt that this column would be an ideal vehicle for him to put forth his ideas. Enjoy.

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George, Neethu, Rock Britto D., Meera George, Samanvita Venkataramani, Kavya M., Aswitha Priya M. S., and Ronald Roy. "Dance, sports or academics: which monopolize students emotional quotient." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 3714. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184436.

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Background: Emotional Intelligence (EI), often measured as an Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ), refers to skills that provide the ability to balance emotions and reason, which provides long-term happiness. Focus on Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in the current era has to be changed for the betterment of society. Objectives was to assess and compare Emotional Quotient (EQ) among students who excel in dance, sports, and academics.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among three groups of minimum 30 students who are excellent in dance, academics or sports. EQ was assessed using a 22 item EQ test which measures the psychological dimensions such as emotional sensitivity, emotional maturity and emotional competency and also total EQ.Results: Out of 91 students, maximum students were having extremely high EQ in the domains of emotional sensitivity 36 (39.6%), emotional competency 88 (96.7%) and total EQ 85 (93.4%). Dancers showed significantly high EQ in the domains of emotional maturity, emotional competency, and overall EQ compared to sportspersons and academicians. Increased age, agriculture and business occupation of mother and presence of another sibling were significantly associated with emotional intelligence of students.Conclusions: This study showed that inclusion of extracurricular activities like dance and sports along with academics may improve the self-confidence and increased awareness about one’s own emotions, leading to raised EQ.

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Krause-Utz, A., N. Y. L. Oei, I. Niedtfeld, M. Bohus, P. Spinhoven, C. Schmahl, and B. M. Elzinga. "Influence of emotional distraction on working memory performance in borderline personality disorder." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 10 (March 8, 2012): 2181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000153.

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BackgroundEmotion dysregulation, characterized by heightened emotional arousal and increased emotional sensitivity, is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although current theories emphasize the disruptive potential of negative emotions on cognitive functioning in BPD, behavioral and neurobiological data on this relationship are still lacking.MethodUsing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), neural activity was investigated in 22 unmedicated BPD patients and 22 healthy participants (matched for age, education and intelligence) performing an adapted Sternberg working memory task, while being distracted by emotional (negatively arousing) and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS).ResultsEmotional distraction was associated with significantly higher activation in the amygdala and decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), extending findings of previous studies in healthy individuals. Patients with BPD showed significantly longer reaction times (RTs) along with significantly higher activation in the amygdala and insula during emotional distraction compared to healthy participants, suggesting that they were more distracted by emotional pictures during the working memory task. Moreover, in the group of BPD patients, a significant negative correlation was found between activation in limbic brain regions and self-reports of current dissociative states.ConclusionsOur findings suggest hyper-responsiveness to emotionally distracting pictures in BPD patients that negatively affects working memory performance. This stresses the importance of emotion dysregulation in the context of cognitive functioning. Moreover, our findings suggest that dissociative states have a dampening effect on neural reactivity during emotional challenge in BPD.

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Baba, Chihiro, Masahito Kawai, and Ayaka Takimoto-Inose. "Are Horses (Equus caballus) Sensitive to Human Emotional Cues?" Animals 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090630.

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Emotions are important for social animals because animals’ emotions function as beneficial cues to identify valuable resources such as food or to avoid danger by providing environmental information. Emotions also enable animals to predict individuals’ behavior and determine how to behave in a specific context. Recently, several studies have reported that dogs are highly sensitive to not only conspecific but also human emotional cues. These studies suggest that domestication may have affected such sensitivity. However, there are still few studies that examine whether other domesticated animals, in addition to dogs, exhibit sensitivity to human emotional cues. In this study, we used a gaze-following task to investigate whether horses (Equus caballus) are sensitive to human emotional cues (happy, neutral, disgust) and if they adjust their behavior accordingly. In the study, the experimenter suddenly turned her head to either right or left and showed emotional cues. The results revealed that horses significantly decreased the frequency with which they followed the experimenter’s gaze and the total looking time during the gaze-emotional cue presentation in the Disgust condition compared to the Neutral condition. These results suggest the possibility that horses are sensitive to human emotional cues and behave on the basis of the meaning implied by negative human emotional cues.

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Székely, Eszter, Nicole Lucassen, Henning Tiemeier, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn, Rianne Kok, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Albert Hofman, Frank C. Verhulst, and Catherine M. Herba. "Maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity are related to young children's facial expression recognition: The Generation R Study." Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 2 (January 17, 2014): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413001028.

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AbstractA vast body of literature shows that maternal depression has long-term adverse consequences for children. However, only very few studies have documented the effect of maternal depression on children's ability to process emotional expressions and even fewer incorporated measures of observed maternal sensitivity to further tease apart whether it is the symptoms per se or the associated impact via maternal sensitivity that affects children's developing emotion-processing abilities. In a large community sample of Dutch preschoolers (N = 770), we examined independent and mediated effects of maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity on children's ability to recognize emotional expressions using a nonverbal and a verbal task paradigm. Maternal depressive symptoms predicted less accurate emotion labeling in children, while maternal sensitivity was associated with more accurate emotion matching, especially for sadness and anger. Maternal sensitivity did not mediate the observed associations between mothers’ depressive symptoms and children's emotion recognition, and effects were similar for boys and girls. Given that maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity affected nonoverlapping areas of young children's emotion recognition, prevention and intervention efforts should focus on both alleviating maternal depressive symptoms and improving maternal sensitivity at the same time in order to maximize benefit.

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Verheul, Henk M. W., Annemarie Braamse, W. Aerts, A. W. Hoogendoorn, F. J. Snoek, Myra Ellen Van Linde, and Joost Dekker. "Clinical assessment of emotions in patients with cancer: Diagnostic accuracy compared to two reference standards." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.31_suppl.24.

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24 Background: Previous research has suggested that clinical assessment of emotions in patients with cancer is suboptimal. Since well-trained and experienced doctors and nurses may differentiate between emotions that do or do not necessitate professional mental health care, we hypothesized that clinical assessment may be more accurate than previously concluded. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical assessment of emotions. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study at a department of medical oncology. The clinical assessment of emotions by medical oncologists and nurses was derived from the patient file. Emotional distress and need for emotional care was assessed using the Distress Thermometer and Problem List. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of clinical assessment was calculated, with either (i) emotional distress or (ii) need for professional mental health care as a reference standard. Results: Clinical assessment resulted in notes on emotions in 42.2% of the patient files (n =185), with 36.2% of patients experiencing emotional distress and 10.8% expressing a need for professional mental health care. As expected, the sensitivity of clinical assessment of emotions was higher with ‘need for professional mental health care’ as reference standard, compared to ‘emotional distress’ as reference standard (0.85 versus 0.54, p < 0.001). The diagnostic odds ratio showed a similar pattern (9.66 versus 2.10, p = 0.02). For specificity, equivalent results were obtained with the two reference standards (0.63 versus 0.64, p =0.63). Conclusions: Medical oncologists and nurses seem to differentiate between emotions that do or do not necessitate professional mental health care, resulting in a high sensitivity of clinical assessment of emotions in patients with cancer.

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Phan, K. Luan, Tor D. Wager, Stephan F. Taylor, and Israel Liberzon. "Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Human Emotions." CNS Spectrums 9, no. 4 (April 2004): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900009196.

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ABSTRACTNeuroimaging studies with positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging have begun to describe the functional neuroanatomy of human emotion. Taken separately, specific studies vary in task dimensions and in type(s) of emotion studied, and are limited by statistical power and sensitivity. By examining findings across studies in a meta-analysis, we sought to determine if common or segregated patterns of activations exist in different emotions and across various emotional tasks. We surveyed over 55 positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging activation studies, which investigated emotion in healthy subjects. This paper will review observations in several regions of interest in limbic (eg, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex) and paralimbic (eg, medial prefrontal cortex, insula) brain regions in emotional responding.

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McMahon, Kibby, Kwanguk Kim, Caitlin M. Fang, Andrada D. Neacsiu, and M. Zachary Rosenthal. "Blinded by our emotions: The impact of borderline personality disorder and affect on emotion recognition sensitivity." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 204380871881887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043808718818878.

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Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in emotion recognition within individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, it is yet unknown how much these abnormalities can be attributed to emotional states or affect. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the independent effects of BPD, positive affect, and negative affect on emotion recognition sensitivity. We recruited a mixed, transdiagnostic community sample of 118 adults diagnosed with either a personality disorder, only an affective disorder, or without psychopathology. Participants completed self-report assessments of positive and negative affect and two behavioral assessments of emotion recognition sensitivity. We found that both positive and negative affect predict lower overall emotion recognition sensitivity in both tasks, beyond the effect of BPD. We did not find a significant, independent effect of the diagnosis of BPD. Additionally, we found that the diagnosis of BPD moderated the relationship between negative affect and emotion recognition sensitivity within one task. Findings from the present study suggest that sensitivity to other people’s emotional expressions may be influenced by affect beyond the effect of the BPD diagnosis. The implications for future research efforts on emotion recognition and BPD are discussed.

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Tukaiev, Sergii, Yurii Havrylets, Volodymyr Rizun, Jürgen Grimm, Andreas Enzminger, Igor Zyma, and Mykola Makarchuk. "Short-term media effects include the alterations of sensitivity towards the real violence from the past." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v10i1.4411.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of TV news on the perception and processing of emotional footage of a historical documentary. We noted that the emotional frames taken from TV news stories are relatively weak emotional stimuli compared to the emotional frames of historical documentary. The subjects exposed to the pre-stimulus evaluated the Holocaust pictures as more unpleasant and more activating than those not exposed it. The event-related potentials (ERP) recorded during the presentation of the negative (historical) images had various amplitudes of oscillations due to the preliminary affective impact of TV news footage. The amplitude of the frontal ERP component that related to the decision-making (P300) was bigger in the group without preliminary exposure to the emotional TV news frames due to the reduced sensitivity to the content of images. In this case, the historical images attracted less attention and demanded less emotional effort for emotional evaluation of visual information, analysis, retrieval of information from memory and semantic processes, namely searching for the meaning of the pictures (occipital P300 and the late positive potential). Short-term media effects include alterations of sensitivity towards the emotional content of visual information. Keywords: Emotion; violence; Holocaust TV news;

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Bloise, Suzanne M., and Marcia K. Johnson. "Memory for emotional and neutral information: Gender and individual differences in emotional sensitivity." Memory 15, no. 2 (February 2007): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210701204456.

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Thandar Cho, Myo, and Ulwiyyah. "Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Intercultural Sensitivity of Students in a Chinese University." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 7, no. 05 (May 12, 2020): 5948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v7i05.02.

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This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and intercultural sensitivity of international students and chinese students in a university of china. A total 233 students participated. 122 students were chinese and 111 students were international students. English version of wong and law emotional intelligence scale (wleis), and chen and starosta’s (2000) intercultural sensitivity scale (iss) were directly used to measure the emotional intelligence and intercultural sensitivity of international students while they were translated into chinese for chinese students. The results showed that there were no significant differences in emotional intelligence and intercultural sensitivity based on gender, foreign experience and length of stay in china. International students were significantly higher in both emotional intelligence and intercultural sensitivity than chinese students after controlling for age differences and educational level. Emotional intelligence was positively correlated with intercultural sensitivity and it had 52.5% predictive ability on intercultural sensitivity.

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Morales, Ricardo, Daniela Ramírez-Benavides, and Mario Villena-Gonzalez. "Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response self-reporters showed higher scores for cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy." PeerJ 9 (May 26, 2021): e11474. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11474.

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Background Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) describes the experience of a pleasant tingling sensation along the back of the head, accompanied with a feeling of well-being and relaxation, in response to specific audio-visual stimuli, such as whispers, soft sounds, and personal attention. Previous works have assessed individual variations in personality traits associated with ASMR, but no research to date has explored differences in emotion regulation associated with ASMR. This omission occurred even when ASMR, a sensory-emotional experience, has been proposed to be located in a sound sensitivity spectrum as the opposite end of misophonia, a phenomenon associated with difficulties regulating emotions. The present work aimed to assess group differences between ASMR self-reporters and non-ASMR controls associated with emotion regulation strategies. Methods We used the validated Spanish version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to assess individual differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Results Our results showed that participants who experience ASMR had higher scores in the cognitive reappraisal subscale of the emotion regulation questionnaire than the non-ASMR group. Conclusions Individuals who experience ASMR reported higher use of cognitive reevaluation of emotionally arousing situations, suggesting more effectiveness in regulating emotions. Our finding further elucidates individual differences related to this experience, supporting that ASMR is a real psychophysiological phenomenon associated with other psychological constructs and has remarkable consequences in affective/emotional dimensions and general well-being.

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Steele, Jenessa C., Amanda Chappell, and Rachel Scott. "EXPLORING AGE, GENDER, AND RELATIONSHIP CLOSENESS DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO IGNORED DISRESPECT." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1118.

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Abstract Emotional responses to disrespect tend to be negative (Hawkins, 2015). Little is known about how responses to disrespect vary across age groups and relationship closeness. It is unknown whether older adults have more emotional protection against disrespectful experiences, or are more deeply affected due to relationship closeness. Overall, we might expect that older adults react less negatively to disrespect compared to young adults, as they are more-skilled emotion regulators (Carstensen, 1991; English & Carstensen, 2014). We aimed to explore if, and under which circumstances, older adults are more or less sensitive to disrespect compared to younger adults. Three hundred participants responded to six scenarios illustrating ignored disrespect. Participants were randomly assigned to close or distant relationship disrespect scenarios. Relationship closeness was first determined by requesting participants identify a person in each layer of Kahn and Antonucci’s (1980) Social Convoy Model. Identified names were then automatically inserted into the six scenarios. Emotional responses and sensitivity to each scenario were recorded. Participants in the close condition reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than participants in the distant condition. Females reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than males. We did not find overwhelming support for age differences in responses to disrespect. A single scenario indicated younger participants more sensitive to disrespect than older participants. Findings suggest it is more hurtful to be disrespected by someone close to you and females may be more sensitive to disrespect than males. More research investigating the role of age in disrespect is needed.

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Jovev, Martina, Andrew Chanen, Melissa Green, Sue Cotton, Tina Proffitt, Max Coltheart, and Henry Jackson. "Emotional sensitivity in youth with borderline personality pathology." Psychiatry Research 187, no. 1-2 (May 2011): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.019.

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Catanzaro, Salvatore J. "Mood regulation expectancies, anxiety sensitivity, and emotional distress." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 102, no. 2 (1993): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.102.2.327.

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Barrett, Lisa Feldman, Karen S. Quigley, Eliza Bliss-Moreau, and Keith R. Aronson. "Interoceptive Sensitivity and Self-Reports of Emotional Experience." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87, no. 5 (2004): 684–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.684.

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Pollatos, O., R. Kopietz, J. Linn, J. Albrecht, V. Sakar, A. Anzinger, R. Schandry, and M. Wiesmann. "Emotional Stimulation Alters Olfactory Sensitivity and Odor Judgment." Chemical Senses 32, no. 6 (May 17, 2007): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjm027.

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UNOKI, Keiko. "Effects of emotional stress on gustatory sensitivity I." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (September 19, 2013): 1PM—024–1PM—024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_1pm-024.

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Lim, Seung-Lark, and Luiz Pessoa. "Affective learning increases sensitivity to graded emotional faces." Emotion 8, no. 1 (2008): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.96.

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Cui, Lixia, Xiaofei Dong, and Shuang Zhang. "ERP evidence for emotional sensitivity in social anxiety." Journal of Affective Disorders 279 (January 2021): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.111.

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Vonk, Jennifer. "Emotional contagion or sensitivity to behavior in ravens?" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 37 (August 20, 2019): 18168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909864116.

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Guadagni, Veronica, Ford Burles, Silvana Valera, Emeleigh Hardwicke-Brown, Michele Ferrara, Tavis Campbell, and Giuseppe Iaria. "The Relationship Between Quality of Sleep and Emotional Empathy." Journal of Psychophysiology 31, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000177.

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Abstract. Sleep loss is known to severely disturb individuals’ mood and emotion processing. Here, we tested the hypothesis that quality of sleep is predictive of individuals’ performance on a task evaluating emotional empathy. We tested 34 healthy undergraduate students [19 males, mean (SD) age = 21.82 (3.26) years; mean (SD) education = 14.98 (1.91) years] recruited through the University of Calgary research participation system. We collected objective (actigraphy) and subjective (questionnaires and self-reports) sleep measures to characterize individuals’ sleep quality, and asked participants to solve a computerized emotional empathy task. We first performed a dimensionality reduction analysis on the sleep-related measures, which resulted in six principal components, and then ran a stepwise multiple regression analysis to investigate the sleep measures that best predicted participants’ scores on the emotional empathy task. We found that subjective sleep quality, together with sleep phase, best predicted participants’ empathic sensitivity to negative images while they explicitly evaluated the emotions of others (i.e., direct component of emotional empathy). Also, subjective sleep quality resulted to be the best predictor of participants’ arousal state in response to negative images, which is an implicit manifestation of their empathic experience (i.e., indirect component of emotional empathy). In both cases, lower subjective sleep quality was associated with lower empathic sensitivity to negative stimuli. Finally, sleep duration best predicted average empathic responses to stimuli of all valences, with shorter sleep durations associated with lower average empathic responses. Our findings provide evidence of a significant relationship between individuals’ quality of sleep and their ability to share the emotions experienced by others. These findings may have important implications for individuals employed in professions requiring social interaction and empathic experience coupled with schedules that interfere with nighttime sleep.

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Kim, Heejung S., David K. Sherman, Taraneh Mojaverian, Joni Y. Sasaki, Jinyoung Park, Eunkook M. Suh, and Shelley E. Taylor. "Gene–Culture Interaction." Social Psychological and Personality Science 2, no. 6 (April 19, 2011): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550611405854.

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Research has demonstrated that certain genotypes are expressed phenotypically in different forms depending on the social environment. To examine sensitivity to cultural norms regarding emotion regulation, we explored the expression of the oxytocin receptor polymorphism ( OXTR) rs53576, a gene previously related to socioemotional sensitivity, in conjunction with cultural norms. Emotional suppression is normative in East Asian cultures but not in American culture. Consequently, we predicted an interaction of Culture and OXTR in emotional suppression. Korean and American participants completed assessments of emotion regulation and were genotyped for OXTR. We found the predicted interaction: Among Americans, those with the GG genotype reported using emotional suppression less than those with the AA genotype, whereas Koreans showed the opposite pattern. These findings suggest that OXTR rs53576 is sensitive to input from cultural norms regarding emotion regulation. These findings also indicate that culture is a moderator that shapes behavioral outcomes associated with OXTR genotypes.

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Dowden, Shauna L., and George J. Allen. "Relationships between anxiety sensitivity, hyperventilation, and emotional reactivity to displays of facial emotions." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 11, no. 1 (January 1997): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6185(97)84983-3.

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Kopera, Maciej, Elisa M. Trucco, Hubert Suszek, Paweł Kobyliński, Paweł Wiśniewski, Marcin Wojnar, and Andrzej Jakubczyk. "Pain Sensitivity, Negative Affect, and Alcohol Use Disorder Status: A Moderated Mediation Study of Emotion Dysregulation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061321.

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Previous work suggests that the association between pain and emotional processes among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may differ from healthy controls. This study investigates whether pain sensitivity mediates the association between negative affect and emotional dysregulation and whether this association differs across AUD status using moderated mediation. The sample included 165 individuals diagnosed with AUD and 110 healthy controls. Of interest was pain sensitivity, as assessed with the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire, negative affect, as assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, and emotional dysregulation, as assessed with the Difficulties in Emotional regulation Scale. Age, biological sex, and current pain severity were included as covariates. The results support a moderated partial mediation model that explained 44% of the variance in emotional dysregulation. The findings indicate that negative affect is related to higher pain sensitivity across groups. Moreover, pain sensitivity partially mediated the association between negative affect and emotional dysregulation, but in opposite directions depending on AUD status. Among healthy controls, greater pain sensitivity was related to better emotional regulation, while greater pain sensitivity led to greater emotional dysregulation among individuals with AUD. The potential parallels in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of emotionality, pain, and AUD suggest that interventions targeting pain may improve adaptive affect regulation skills, which in turn could reduce negative affect and its effect on pain sensitivity among individuals with AUD.

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Quinlan, Philip T., Yue Yue, and Dale J. Cohen. "The processing of images of biological threats in visual short-term memory." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1861 (August 23, 2017): 20171283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1283.

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The idea that there is enhanced memory for negatively, emotionally charged pictures was examined. Performance was measured under rapid, serial visual presentation (RSVP) conditions in which, on every trial, a sequence of six photo-images was presented. Briefly after the offset of the sequence, two alternative images (a target and a foil) were presented and participants attempted to choose which image had occurred in the sequence. Images were of threatening and non-threatening cats and dogs. The target depicted either an animal expressing an emotion distinct from the other images, or the sequences contained only images depicting the same emotional valence. Enhanced memory was found for targets that differed in emotional valence from the other sequence images, compared to targets that expressed the same emotional valence. Further controls in stimulus selection were then introduced and the same emotional distinctiveness effect obtained. In ruling out possible visual and attentional accounts of the data, an informal dual route topic model is discussed. This places emphasis on how visual short-term memory reveals a sensitivity to the emotional content of the input as it unfolds over time. Items that present with a distinctive emotional content stand out in memory.

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Aghajani, Mitra, Mahshid Izadi, Noorali Farrokhi, and Fariba Hassani. "Emotional Dysregulation Symptoms Based on Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward and Intensity Mediated by Emotion Regulation." Practice in Clinical Psychology 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.9.2.771.1.

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Objective: The emotion dysregulation model by Mennin and Fresco considers the high comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder and pays special attention to their comorbidity. Additionally, due to the high comorbidity of social anxiety disorder as well as anxiety and mood disorders, this disorder was considered along with the last two disorders. This study aimed to assess a Conceptual Model of Emotional Dysregulation Symptoms Based on Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward and Intensity of Positive and Negative Emotions Mediated by Emotion Regulation Strategies in Students. Methods: In total, 189 students affiliated with the Sharif University were selected by random sampling method. Then, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), the Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Attention Control Scale (ATTC), the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire (RPA) were distributed among them to collect the necessary data. The obtained data were analyzed by LISREL using structural equation modeling. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient data indicated a significant relationship between motivation components, positive and negative emotion regulation strategies, and the symptoms of emotion dysregulation. The results showed that the conceptual model of the research fitted with the collected data; accordingly, the positive and negative strategies of emotion regulation mediated the relationship between motivation and the symptoms of emotion dysregulation. Conclusion: The present research results supported the main hypothesis of the study. Thus, positive and negative emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship between sensitivity to punishment and reward and the intensity of positive and negative emotion with the symptoms of emotion dysregulation.

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Shoeib, Ali. "The relative contribution of emotional sensitivity, anxiety and depression in forecasting quality of life of university students." International Journal of research in Educational Sciences 4, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 71–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.29009/ijres.4.2.2.

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The study aimed at investigating the relationship between quality of life and both general anxiety, emotional sensitivity and depression among university students. It also aimed at investigating the relative contribution of emotional sensitivity, general anxiety and depression in forecasting quality of life of university students. The study aimed also at identifying the differences in the quality of life according to levels of general anxiety, depression and emotional sensitivity. It also aimed at identifying the differences between males and females in the variables: quality of life, general anxiety, depression and emotional sensitivity. The study also identified the degree of prevalence of these variables among university students. The study used a sample of (1013) males and females studying at the College of Education. It also modified into Arabic the study tools: general anxiety, depression, emotional sensitivity and quality of life and ensured its consistency and validity. The results showed that the most predictive factors for quality of life are: general anxiety by 35.6%, depression by 31.1% and emotional sensitivity by 19%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Emotional sensitivity'

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