Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Emphysème'
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Van, Oudenhove de Saint Géry Charles Nicolas. "Emphysème bulleux et assistance ventilatoire." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11369.
Full textChrusciel, Sandra. "Rôle de P53 dans les macrophages alvéolaires en réponse à diverses agressions environnementales." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1187.
Full textThere are several types of environmental attacks: biological (viruses, bacteria …), chemical (gases, smokes, metals …), physical appearances (rumours, brilliances …), and others such as the stress for example. The respiratory system, which represents a major interface with the environment, is particularly vulnerable towards these attacks, which often have lung consequences, being able to sometimes lead to the death. The tobacco in particular is the cause of about 100 million deaths during the XXth century according to the World Health Organization (WHO), and will be the cause about a billion deaths in the next century. The exhibition in the smoke of cigarette engenders a chronic inflammation and is often correlated in the development of cancers (1), but also leads of numerous
Verna, Dominique. "Emphysème lobaire congénital : à propos de deux cas." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11063.
Full textMadani, Afarine. "Quantification de l'emphysème pulmonaire en tomodensitométrie hélicoïdale multi-coupes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209993.
Full textLa tomodensitométrie (TDM) est une méthode diagnostique d’obtention in vivo de coupes anatomiques qui, formées de milliers de pixels, en font la méthode morphologique la plus précise pour investiguer la structure pulmonaire. Si la juxtaposition de ces pixels – dont la tonalité de gris est fonction de l’atténuation – est à la base de l’image TDM, la même information peut être représentée par la distribution de fréquence de ces atténuations. En présence d’emphysème, la destruction du tissu pulmonaire (et la plus grande proportion d’air) déterminent le déplacement de cette distribution vers les atténuations plus négatives. Plusieurs index TDM dérivés de cette distribution – notamment l’atténuation moyenne, la surface pulmonaire occupée par des valeurs d’atténuation inférieures à un seuil, un percentile particulier de la distribution – sont de possibles mesures de l’étendue de l’emphysème pulmonaire. L’émergence de la technique hélicoïdale, permettant notamment d’explorer tout le parenchyme pulmonaire en une seule apnée, justifie de déterminer les seuils et percentiles adéquats par comparaison à une mesure histologique de référence.
Au cours de nos études, nous avons montré que les index TDM dérivés de la distribution de fréquence d’atténuation tels que les surfaces relatives de poumon occupées par les coefficients d’atténuation inférieures à -960 UH (RA960) ou -970 UH (RA970) et le premier percentile (p1) sont les index les plus appropriés. En revanche, toujours sur base de comparaisons histo-morphométriques, d’autre index qui reflètent la géométrie des espaces emphysémateux – tels que la distribution de la taille des groupes de pixels adjacents occupés par des coefficients d’atténuation inférieurs à un seuil ou à un percentile – ne sont pas des index valables.
La dose d’irradiation peut être abaissée à 20 mAs effectifs. Cette réduction est particulièrement appropriée dans une pathologie susceptible de concerner des patients jeunes et l’objet d’examens répétés. Cependant, la dose d’irradiation influençant ces index, elle doit être maintenue constante au cours de suivis longitudinaux.
En TDM multi-coupes, ces index sont les plus appropriés quelque soit l’épaisseur des coupes. Cependant, cette épaisseur influençant ces index, elle doit aussi être maintenue constante au cours de suivis longitudinaux.
L’inspiration incomplète induit une sous-estimation statistiquement significative mais cliniquement insignifiante de l’étendue de l’emphysème pulmonaire. La destruction du tissu pulmonaire et l’hyperinflation ont des influences séparées sur les index TDM, faisant recommander leur ajustement aux valeurs prédites de la CPT.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gagliolo, Jean-Marie. "Rôle de la sénescence des fibroblastes dans la physiopathologie de la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1065.
Full textCellular senescence, a state of irreversible loss of replicative capacity associated with the secretion of inflammatory mediators, could participate in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by initiating, maintaining and propagating an inflammatory state. The aim of this PhD project was to evaluate the mechanisms involved in senescence induction in COPD lung fibroblasts. COPD fibroblasts exhibited an increased senescent phenotype as compared to control cells. In addition, COPD fibroblasts showed an increased PGE2 receptors (EP2 /4) expression at non senescent stage and PGE2 production, apro-inflammatory lipid mediator at senescent stage. In this context, one part of the study was devoted to determine whether PGE2 could induce senescence of lung fibroblasts of subjects with and without COPD. We have shown that PGE2 synthesized by senescent fibroblasts induced, maintained (autocrine effect) and propagated (paracrine effect) senescence and associated inflammation via EP2 /4 / COX-2 / oxidants / p53 pathway. The essential role of oxidants production in the induction of senescence in COPD led us to study the effects of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system on the prevention of senescence in COPD fibroblasts. Pharmacological activation of HO-1 by hemin prevented the induction of senescence in lung fibroblasts from COPD patients probably in relation with an anti -oxidant effect. The modulation of PGE2 and HO-1 pathways may contribute to attenuate fibroblasts senescence in COPD
Plantier, Laurent. "Réparation alvéolaire et emphysème pulmonaire : rôle des systèmes d'alvéologénèse." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462142.
Full textMakinson, Alain. "Prévention, diagnostic précoce et traitement du cancer broncho-pulmonaire chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH : apport de la tomodensitométrie thoracique sans injection de produit de contraste." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT021/document.
Full textThis thesis is an analysis of our on-going or published works on the theme of prevention, early diagnosis, screening, and treatment of subjects living with HIV with lung cancer. The ultimate objective of this work is to improve care and prevention of lung cancer in people living with HIV (PLWHIV), and to promote research in lung cancer in this population. Our work underscores that lung cancer treatment in PLWHIV should be identical to treatments administered for lung cancer in the general population. HIV is an additional comorbidity to be taken into account, but never a contraindication for optimal therapy. However, there exist specificities in management of PLWHIV with lung cancer, including the propensity for drug-to-drug interactions and additive toxicity between cytotoxic compounds for chemotherapy and antiretroviral therapy, with potentially lethal effects. Managing these toxicities implies optimal cooperation between oncologists and specialists in HIV, as well as good knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these different compounds.The ANRS EP48 HIV CHEST Study in a cross-sectional, multicentre study, which included 442 subjects at lung cancer risk, primarily due to their age (> 40 years), smoking hazard (> 20 pack-years), as well as a CD4 cell nadir count < 350 cells/µl. This study showed feasibility of lung cancer screening with chest Computed Tomography (CT) in PLWHIV. The early diagnosis of localized lung cancers, potentially curable, suggests clinical benefits for most participants with cancer. Also, the facts that no serious adverse events occurred with invasive diagnostic procedures and that the prevalence of positive nodules was in the range of those found in lung cancer screening studies in the general population are reassuring. Also, our work, combined with data from previous epidemiological studies, support a lower age limit for screening lung cancer with chest CT in PLWHIV at risk than in the general population, starting as early as 45 years. As in the general population, the impact of lung cancer screening with chest CT is not limited to the diagnosis of early stage lung cancers. The diagnosis of other morbidities, such as vertebral fractures, generally asymptomatic, emphysema, bronchiolitis, and coronary calcifications, have a probable positive impact on quality of life and a benefit in survival if managed adequately. Our works also illustrate the epidemiology of complications in PLWHIV under antiretroviral therapy and exposed to smoking hazards. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, emphysema, lung cancer, coronary atherosclerosis have high prevalence in this subpopulation of PLWHIV. The epidemiology of these emerging morbidities is close to the epidemiology in the smoking general population, but specificities exist, due to the presence of chronic immunodeficiency, antiretroviral toxicities, and an increased prevalence of behavioural risks in PLWHIV in comparison with the general population. However, some complications are not associated with HIV-related and immunological factors, such as prevalence of emphysema, coronary calcifications, and bronchiolitis, underscoring the major impact of behavioural hazards in the occurrence of these complications.Taken together, our work highlights the importance of reducing health hazards in PLWHIV, primarily smoking and probably cannabis, to reduce the emergence of these new life-threatening morbidities in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Poncé-Bultel, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude de métabolites marins d'intérét pharmacologique." Perpignan, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PERP0143.
Full textDiallo, Mamadou Hawa Hann. "Analyse quantitative tomodensitométrique des poumons de patients emphysémateux : corrélation radio-fonctionnelles." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28808.
Full textNumerous parameters derived from the lung histogram could be used to assess emphysema, nevertheless only the average lung density (Dm) i. E. The first moment (m1) of the distribution and the fifth percentile were currently used in these quantitative studies. Decrease in Dm could be related to either distension, tissue loss or a combination of the two abnormalities and may not be interpreted accurately on morphological basis. The aims of the present study were to establish, 1) if the parameters of the histogram curve are valid indewes for quantifying emphysema, 2) if tissue loss occurs in emphysematous lungs and 3) to relate these changes to lung function. Contiguous 8 mm thick scans of the whole lungs, were obtained at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) in 115 emphysematous patients and 18 healthy subjects. Histograms were sampled between -1000 to -350 HU and studied using descriptive statistics. Lung mass (M density (Dm) and distension corrected density (Dc) were computed. Skewness and kurtosis were higher in the emphysema group. The mode (Mo) median (me) and m1, were significantly lower than in healthy subjects and were correlated significantly to the parameters of obstruction and distension, however functional parameters could explain only between 51 and 67 % of the models estimate of the parameters. Lung mass was normal or increase in most cases (> 80 %), but significant loss of tissue was reported in the lung base in some patients. In this group with low lung mass there was a trend of alteration in body weight and lung function. Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between structural lung characteristics and the clinical types of emphysema. Parameters of the histogram are valid indexes for characterisation of emphysema and give supplementary informations compared to function. The clinical types of emphysema were related to structural individualities
Zurek, Magdalena. "IRM des poumons à temps d'écho courts : méthodes et applications à des modèles expérimentaux chez le rongeur." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808506.
Full textWei, Shao Ming. "Études immunologiques des peptides d'élastine et leurs applications." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120029.
Full textRibera, Florence. "Evaluation de la fonction mitochondriale des muscles respiratoires du patient BPCO sévère par mise en œuvre de la technique de respiration sur fibres perméabilisées." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13118.
Full textChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a pathology that affects respiratory and peripheral muscles. Given the crucial role of energy metabolism in muscle performance, we hypothesized that alterations in the energy metabolism would participate in the respiratory muscles of COPD patients. We thus investigated the mitochondrial function and its regulation, the contractile function (myofibrils) and the compartmentation of energy transfer systems from costal diaphragm and external intercostal muscles in COPD patients and costal diaphragm and two limb muscles in emphysematous hamsters. The originality of these studies was to use the in situ method of skinned fibers. We showed that costal diaphragm and external intercostal muscles in severe COPD patients exhibited adaptations in energy transfer systems and increase of their oxidative capacity. These adaptations were correlated in the diaphragm with indexes of obstruction and hyperinflation. We did not find any modification of diaphragm or peripheral muscles in emphysematous hamsters. Altogether, the results demonstrate in severe COPD patients, adaptations in respiratory muscles similar to the effects of long endurance training muscles. These modifications would play an important role in muscular fatigue prevention. The lack of results in emphysematous hamsters indicates that this model is not entirely superposable to the human emphysematous disease
Revel, Marie-Pierre. "Nouvelles approches morphologiques et fonctionnelles non invasives dans l'imagerie de la BPCO (BronchoPneumopathie Chronique Obstructive)." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294675.
Full textUne autre approche est d'utiliser la synchronisation cardiaque, pour évaluer les structures d'intérêt à différentes phases du cycle cardiaque, ce qui donne une information fonctionnelle utile pour la détection de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) de la BPCO.
Le but de ce travail, organisé en 3 parties, a été d'évaluer la faisabilité et les performances diagnostiques obtenues avec ces nouvelles applications.
1- Quantification des volumes pulmonaires et du pourcentage d'emphysème
Nous avons évalué un logiciel protoytpe (Mevis Pulmo) qui permet un calcul des volumes pulmonaires et une quantification de l'emphysème, après segmentation pulmonaire et seuillage des densités. Les résultats peuvent être obtenus de façon globale, individuellement pour chaque poumon et séparément pour chacun des 5 lobes. Les limites anatomiques lobaires sont reconnues de façon automatique (quantification automatique) mais elles peuvent être corrigées si nécessaire (quantification semi-automatique).
Nous avons comparé quantification automatique, semi-automatique et visuelle selon un score classique en 5 grades, chez 47 patients présentant une BPCO sévère. Ces patients étaient évalués avant éventuelle réduction endoscopique, par un scanner sans injection en inspiration et expiration.
Il n'y a pas de différence significative du pourcentage d'emphysème estimé par quantification automatique et semi automatique (p>0.05 dans les 5 lobes). Les coefficients de corrélation intraclasse sont supérieurs à 0.8 (concordance excellente) sauf pour le lobe supérieur droit (0.68, bonne concordance) et le lobe moyen (0.53, concordance moyenne). La concordance avec le score visuel est bonne (kappa: 0.76; IC 95% 0.58 à 0.94).
Le logiciel utilisé permet également d'évaluer les volumes pulmonaires en inspiration et expiration et de les comparer aux volumes de référence en pléthysmographie. Le volume tomodensitométrique (TDM) inspiratoire est corrélé à la capacité pulmonaire totale (CPT) en pléthysmographie (r= 0.8, p< 0.0001) ; la différence moyenne est de -7.7% (valeurs extrêmes: -48.8 à 28.2%). Le volume TDM expiratoire est corrélé au volume résiduel (VR) (r=0.79, p< 0.0001) ; la différence moyenne est de 9.7% (valeurs extrêmes: - 17.9 à 43.3%). Le volume TDM expiratoire est également corrélé au Volume expiratoire maximal en 1 seconde (VEMS) (r=-55, p<0.0001). Le pourcentage d'emphysème est corrélé aux volumes TDM inspiratoire et expiratoire (r= 0.56 et 0.53, p< 0.0001) et au VEMS (r= -0.69, p<0.0001).
Le logiciel testé permet donc une quantification lobaire automatique fiable de l'emphysème et une mesure des volumes pulmonaires en TDM pertinente pour évaluer fonctionnellement la sévérité de la BPCO.
2- Détection de la perméabilité du foramen ovale en scanner 64 coupes non synchronisé
Cette étude a été menée prospectivement chez 105 patients évalués en échographie transoesophagienne (ETO) pour rechercher un foramen ovale perméable et qui donnaient leur consentement pour une exploration tomodensitométrique réalisée le même jour. Après injection de contraste au cours d'une manoeuvre de Valsalva, une acquisition couvrant toute la largeur du détecteur (28.8 mm) était centrée sur la fosse ovale, en continu toutes les 0.5 secondes pendant 7 secondes. Les 128 images résultantes ont été analysées visuellement, à la recherche d'une opacification auriculaire gauche précédant le retour veineux pulmonaire. Les courbes de rehaussement auriculaire gauche (Logiciel DynEva) ont été analysées à la recherche d'un pic précoce de rehaussement.
La perméabilité du foramen ovale est détectée avec une sensibilité globale de 55% (IC 95%, 0.38 - 0.70) et une spécificité de 98% (IC 95%, 0.91 - 0.99). Les performances dépendent du grade du shunt en ETO, utilisé comme gold standard. La sensibilité varie entre 28% pour les shunts de grade 1 et 91% pour les shunts de grade 4. L'analyse des courbes de rehaussement n'augmente pas la sensibilité du scanner. La dose moyenne requise est de 2.3 mSv.
Ces résultats permettent d'envisager d'associer la recherche de shunts de haut grade via le foramen ovale à l'analyse tomodensitométrique du parenchyme pulmonaire, dans des contextes d'hypoxémie inexpliquée ou paradoxale,
3- Proposition de nouveaux critères prédictifs d'HTAP en scanner multi coupes synchronisé
La synchronisation à l'ECG permet d'étudier des paramètres tels que la distensibilité artérielle pulmonaire, l'épaisseur du myocarde infundibulaire et les variations en systole et diastole des mensurations infundibulaires.
Ces paramètres ont été analysés dans 2 groupes de patients (groupe 1, 21 patients avec HTAP; groupe 2, 24 patients sans HATP) évalués par cathétérisme cardiaque droit dans le cadre de leur prise en charge clinique. Les données brutes des examens tomodensitométriques (TDM) ont été reconstruites en coupes de 1mm d'épaisseur jointives, tous les 10% du cycle cardiaque.
La distensibilité de l'artère pulmonaire droite est calculée à partir de mesures de la surface de section de l'artère, effectuées tous les 10% de l'intervalle R-R. A partir des 10 valeurs obtenues, la valeur maximale de surface de section (SSmax) et la valeur minimale (SSmin) sont repérées. La distensibilité est calculée par l'équation suivante : (SSmax-SSmin)/SSmax.
La distensibilité est également calculée selon une méthode simplifiée à partir de deux mesures l'une à 20% du R-R, l'autre à 80%. Ces fenêtres temporelles ont été identifiées comme celles où les valeurs extrêmes de surface de section sont observées dans les deux groupes de patients. L'épaisseur myocardique, le diamètre antéropostérieur et la surface de section infundibulaires sont mesurés en systole et diastole à 30% et 90% du R-R, 1 cm au dessous de la valve pulmonaire. Les mesures de ces paramètres montrent une bonne concordance inter observateur, à l'exception de l'épaisseur systolique infundibulaire. Les valeurs médianes sont significativement différentes pour les deux groupes de patients, à l'exception des dimensions diastoliques infundibulaires. La distensibilité artérielle pulmonaire est le paramètre pour lequel l'aire sous la courbe ROC est la plus large (0.951 ; IC 95%, 0.894 - 1) et qui apparaît le mieux corrélé à la pression artérielle pulmonaire (r=-073, p<0.0001).
La distensibilité calculée selon la méthode simplifiée a les mêmes performances. Ce paramètre pourrait être évalué en routine pour détecter l'HTAP chez les patients présentant une BPCO, afin de restreindre les indications de cathétérisme cardiaque droit, méthode d'exploration invasive.
Pugnere, Laurent. "Assistance ventilatoire par ceinture pneumatique abdomino-diaphragmatique." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11089.
Full textWaszak, Paul. "Prévention de la dysplasie broncho-pulmonaire : vers une mise au point de vecteurs adénoviraux ciblant le tissu pulmonaire sans toxicité pour son développement." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10035.
Full textWe have demonstrated that intratracheal administration of adenoviral vector (Ad) type 5 to newborn rat, beyond a threshold dose, was responsible for alveolar development disorders, characterized by an alveolar distension and a decreased septation. These results were associated with a weak participation of inflammation and transduction, unlike the decreases in elastogenesis, epithelial proliferation, and the increase in apoptosis. The penton base RGD motif appeared essential: mutated it increased inflammation; overexposed, it worsened the lung distension by accelerating the apoptosis. These results underline the role of apoptosis in order to construct non toxic Ad vectors, as also alveolar parenchyma targeting. To this aim, selecting cellular ligands by the in vivo phage display technique, via the intraperitoneal route, was fruitless
Amara, Nadia. "Oxydants endogènes et homéostasie de la matrice extracellulaire pulmonaire." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P638.
Full textROS produced by NADPH can modulate different cellular functions and be involved in the control of the extra cellular matrix homeostasis. Though there are few documents about this subject in the literature. The main target of my study is to examine the modulation of the proteases expression and different extra cellular matrix’s component by endogen ROS in the epithelial cells and pulmonary fibroblasts. We also investigated the modulation of some proteases expression and activity by the CO which is one of the heme degradation products. Our study showed that endogen oxidant specially the ones produced by nox4 play a crucial role in the homeostasis’s modulation of the extra cellular matrix. These results help us to know better the physiological and phisiopathological role of NOX4 and the connected diseases such as emphysema and fibrosis. In addition, we showed the CO donor can be an interesting element to reduce the MMP expression and activity. This can have an important impact in the pulmonary diseases connected to the proteases and antiproteases imbalance
Gimbert, Bruno. "Le pneumomédiastin spontané au cours d'un effort : étude d'un cas et revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M199.
Full textFenoglio, Henri. "Les dystrophies bulleuses du parenchyme pulmonaire et la pratique de la plongée sous-marine." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M099.
Full textHabib, Dayane. "Diffusion de l'hélium-3 hyperpolarisé dans le tissu pulmonaire : évaluation par différentes techniques IRM." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435916.
Full textGoven, Delphine. "Régulation de l’hème oxygénase-1 dans les macrophages au cours des pathologies pulmonaires liées à l’exposition de la fumée de cigarette." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0051.
Full textChronic cigarette smoking, a source of oxidants, is an important risk factor for lung emphysema and primary spontaneous pneumothorax development. Alveolar macrophages are mainly involved in lung inflammation observed in these pathologies through the production of metalloproteases and reactive oxygen species resulting to protease/anti-protease and oxidant/anti-oxidant imbalances. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), mainly expressed in macrophages, is a key enzyme in pulmonary anti-oxidant defences. Therefore, the first aim of our studies was to investigate the expression and cellular localisation of HO-1 and its potential regulators (Nrf2, Keap1, Bach1 and HIF-1a) in alveolar macrophages from smoking related lung emphysema and primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Regulation pathways involved in expression of these proteins were assessed in vitro in macrophage cell line THP-1 exposed or not to cigarette smoke condensate and with or without hypoxia-reoxygenation mimicking parts of events induced by atelectasia-reexpansion during recurrent pneumothorax constitution and treatment. In these studies, we showed an altered expression of Nrf2/Keap1- Bach1 pathway associated with a reduced expression of anti-oxidants enzymes, like HO-1, in alveolar macrophages from smoking related lung emphysema patients, despite an important oxidative stress. These alterations might be related to cigarette smoke condensate activated ERK1/2 and JNK MAPKinases as observed in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, we showed that HO- 1 system induction was mediated by HIF-1a instead of Nrf2 pathway in alveolar macrophages from smoking related recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax. These findings may contribute to a better knowledge of the pathophysiology of lung emphysema and could provide new therapeutic approaches based on preservation and/or restoration of Nrf2/Keap1-Bach1 equilibrium. Our results also suggest that the pathophysiology of primary spontaneous pneumothorax could be different in smokers and non smokers. Spontaneous pneumothorax in smokers is associated with lung oxidative stress and the orchestrated induction of HO-1 probably via HIF-1a. These results provide a new link between oxidative stress and hypoxia/reoxygenation
Chang, Chien Kuang Che. "Automated lung screening system of multiple pathological targets in multislice CT." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0021/document.
Full textThis research aims at developing a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for fully automatic detection and classification of pathological lung parenchyma patterns in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) and emphysema using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). The proposed CAD system is based on 3-D mathematical morphology, texture and fuzzy logic analysis, and can be divided into four stages: (1) a multi-resolution decomposition scheme based on a 3-D morphological filter was exploited to discriminate the lung region patterns at different analysis scales. (2) An additional spatial lung partitioning based on the lung tissue texture was introduced to reinforce the spatial separation between patterns extracted at the same resolution level in the decomposition pyramid. Then, (3) a hierarchic tree structure was exploited to describe the relationship between patterns at different resolution levels, and for each pattern, six fuzzy membership functions were established for assigning a probability of association with a normal tissue or a pathological target. Finally, (4) a decision step exploiting the fuzzy-logic assignments selects the target class of each lung pattern among the following categories: normal (N), emphysema (EM), fibrosis/honeycombing (FHC), and ground glass (GDG). The experimental validation of the developed CAD system allowed defining some specifications related with the recommendation values for the number of the resolution levels NRL = 12, and the CT acquisition protocol including the “LUNG” / ”BONPLUS” reconstruction kernel and thin collimations (1.25 mm or less). It also stresses out the difficulty to quantitatively assess the performance of the proposed approach in the absence of a ground truth, such as a volumetric assessment, large margin selection, and distinguishability between fibrosis and high-density (vascular) regions
Doucet, Alain. "Relation entre la structure et la fonction de la préélafine et son implication au niveau pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23800/23800.pdf.
Full textLéveillard, Thierry. "Le polymorphisme des gènes de l'inter-alpha-trypsine inhibiteur : recherche d'association génétique avec l'emphysème pulmonaire." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES015.
Full textChang, Chien Kuang Che. "Automated lung screening system of multiple pathological targets in multislice CT." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0021.
Full textThis research aims at developing a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for fully automatic detection and classification of pathological lung parenchyma patterns in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) and emphysema using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). The proposed CAD system is based on 3-D mathematical morphology, texture and fuzzy logic analysis, and can be divided into four stages: (1) a multi-resolution decomposition scheme based on a 3-D morphological filter was exploited to discriminate the lung region patterns at different analysis scales. (2) An additional spatial lung partitioning based on the lung tissue texture was introduced to reinforce the spatial separation between patterns extracted at the same resolution level in the decomposition pyramid. Then, (3) a hierarchic tree structure was exploited to describe the relationship between patterns at different resolution levels, and for each pattern, six fuzzy membership functions were established for assigning a probability of association with a normal tissue or a pathological target. Finally, (4) a decision step exploiting the fuzzy-logic assignments selects the target class of each lung pattern among the following categories: normal (N), emphysema (EM), fibrosis/honeycombing (FHC), and ground glass (GDG). The experimental validation of the developed CAD system allowed defining some specifications related with the recommendation values for the number of the resolution levels NRL = 12, and the CT acquisition protocol including the “LUNG” / ”BONPLUS” reconstruction kernel and thin collimations (1.25 mm or less). It also stresses out the difficulty to quantitatively assess the performance of the proposed approach in the absence of a ground truth, such as a volumetric assessment, large margin selection, and distinguishability between fibrosis and high-density (vascular) regions
Plantier, Laurent. "R?paration alv?olaire et emphys?me pulmonaire : r?le des syst?mes d?alv?olog?n?se." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0056/document.
Full textThe mechanisms of pulmonary emphysema, characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, remain incompletely understood. Our hypothesis is that a deficiency in fibroblast-borne alveolar repair systems accounts partly for the constitution of lesions in this disease. In our experiments, we show that fibroblasts isolated in vitro from human emphysematous lung express the Hepatocyte Growth Factor and the Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF), which target alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells, at low or unstimulable levels. Additionally, emphysema fibroblasts did not increase their expression of elastin, the main component of the pulmonary extracellular matrix, in response to retinoic acid, due to a low expression of Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 2 (CRABP2). The role of KGF In alveolar homeostasis was demonstrated in vivo in the elastase-induced emphysema model: Mice treated with KGF before elastase instillation were protected against emphysema. CRABP2- knockout mice were not protected against emphysema in this model. Our pathophysiological data may help in the identification of novel therapeutic targets for emphysema
Turcotte, Antony. "Description of emphysema in mice with different susceptibilities to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82444.
Full textThe first part of my project was to characterize the lung inflammatory response via immunocytochemistry in each mouse strain exposed to chronic smoke inhalation for a six-month period.
Several T lymphocyte subsets (i.e. naive, central memory and effector memory) have been characterized in the immune system both in humans and mice. These subsets have different homing potentials and effector functions, and can be identified with cell surface markers. The second part of my project was to determine these T-cell subset ratios in the lungs of each strain after chronic smoke exposure.
The third part of my project was to assess apoptosis in each strain after smoke exposure.
Jörgensen, Kirsten. "Lung emphysema and cardiac function /." Göteborg : Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/9635.
Full textJones, Jennifer Grace. "A mathematical model of emphysema." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269229.
Full textRAGUE, DEMOLOMBE SYLVIE. "Evolution de 32 bronchopneumopathies chroniques obstructives avec emphyseme bulleux." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M397.
Full textBRANGEON, CAIROL SOPHIE. "Pyelonephrites emphysemateuses : rapport de deux observations ; revue de la litterature." Angers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ANGE1028.
Full textHaruna, Akane. "CT emphysema predicts mortality in COPD." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123335.
Full textKariisa, Mbabazi M. "Measuring the Effects of Air Pollution among Persons with Severe Emphysema: The National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT)." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357157519.
Full textBELLAMY, CLAVERIE BEATRICE. "Traitement chirurgical de l'emphyseme pulmonaire non bulleux : a propos de 11 cas." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31043.
Full textDAUPHIN, MARC. "Apport de la tomodensitometrie au diagnostic precoce de l'emphyseme : etude d'une population a risque, resultats preliminaires." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1105.
Full textPETUREAU, FRANCOIS. "Profil hemodynamique de l'emphyseme : a propos de 58 cas." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU31572.
Full textWalsh, Robert Leo. "Leukocyte elastase and anti-elastases in pulmonary emphysema." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw2261.pdf.
Full textBrun, Philippe. "La transplantation pulmonaire dans l'emphyseme : a partir de 17 observations." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M053.
Full textHossenlopp, Françoise Marie. "Etude du devenir de malades presentant un emphyseme bulleux en fonction de l'attitude therapeutique (chirurgicale ou non-chirurgicale)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M101.
Full textMacnee, W. "Right ventricular function in chronic bronchitis and emphysema." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383973.
Full textCarter, Richard Ian. "Biomarkers of disease activity in COPD and emphysema." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4071/.
Full textGast, Alain. "Proteases et emphyseme pulmonaire : etude des inhibiteurs de proteases recueillis par lavage bronchoalveolaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13070.
Full textMcNulty, William. "Physiological mechanisms of lung volume reduction coils in emphysema." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/50161.
Full textDallak, Mohammad A. M. "Respiratory drive in a rabbit model of pulmonary emphysema." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21183.
Full textPlantier, Laurent Crestani Bruno Boczkowski Jorge. "Réparation alvéolaire et emphysème pulmonaire rôle des systèmes d'alvéologénèse /." S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0495261.pdf.
Full textGrimsley, Christina, and Stephen B. MD FAAEM Blankenship. "Case Report: Tension Pneumothorax Complicated by Massive Subcutaneous Emphysema." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/113.
Full textHERNANDO, MARC. "Bilan clinique du traitement substitutif par alpha-1-antitrypsine pendant un an, de quelques malades emphysemateux pi zz." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31119.
Full textSwisher, Anne K. "The effect of emphysema on adaptation of peripheral skeletal muscle to different loading conditions in the Syrian golden hamster." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3008.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 141 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Cornejo, Perales Salomon Martin. "Genetic and phenotypic dissection of smoke induced emphysema in mouse." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99332.
Full textA detailed introduction to COPD and proposed mechanisms of its pathophysiology are presented in Chapter I.
Chapter II consists of a manuscript containing data comparing the genetic expression profiles and inflammation in lung tissue of mice (C57BL/6) chronically exposed to cigarette smoke, with age-paired controls. The findings presented in Chapter II are discussed in greater detailed in Chapter III.
Binder, Polina. "Unsupervised discovery of emphysema subtypes in a large clinical cohort." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105678.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-47).
Emphysema is one of the hallmarks of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a devastating lung disease often caused by smoking. Emphysema appears on Computed Tomography (CT) scans as a variety of textures that correlate with the disease subtypes. It has been shown that the disease subtypes and the lung texture are linked to physiological indicators and prognosis, although neither is well characterized clinically. Most previous computational approaches to modeling emphysema imaging data have focused on supervised classification of lung textures in patches of CT scans. In this work, we describe a generative model that jointly captures heterogeneity of disease subtypes and of the patient population. We also derive a corresponding inference algorithm that simultaneously discovers disease subtypes and population structure in an unsupervised manner. This approach enables us to create image-based descriptors of emphysema beyond those that can be identified through manual labeling of currently defined phenotypes. By applying the resulting algorithm to a large data set, we identify groups of patients and disease subtypes that correlate with distinct physiological indicators.
by Polina Binder.
S.M.
Dhapare, Sneha. "SALVIANOLIC ACID B FOR PULMONARY DELIVERY TOWARDS REVERSAL OF EMPHYSEMA." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4812.
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