Academic literature on the topic 'Empire du Mali'
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Journal articles on the topic "Empire du Mali"
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Camara, Sidy. "The history of the Notion of the State in West Africa: from the destruction of empires to the emergence of the modern state resulting from colonization (the case of the Mali Empire)." RUDN Journal of World History 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-1-28-34.
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This article aims to address the question of the emergence of empires in West Africa from the ninth century to the present day. The author plans to make an in-depth analysis of the political formation of the different empires which have succeeded each other in this vast West African space which nowadays shelters the current republics of Mali and Mauritania in particular and in general throughout other West African countries (Guinea, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Niger). The largest and most famous empires that appeared on the territory of what is now Mali is called the Ghana Empire in the 9th century and was succeeded by the Mali or Mandé Empire in the 13th century. The influence of these empires throughout Africa and the rest of the world shows us a particular interest in understanding over time the notion of the State in Africa before the colonization and destruction of the African political system and its replacement by colonial state with the arrival of Europeans. Today the question of the weakness of the modern or postcolonial state in Africa and Mali poses many questions not only in the concert of nations but also in the academic and university environment. We will try to demonstrate in this article the link between the break in the evolution of the African state and the imposition of the modern European state through the colonial state which is at the root of the backwardness of African countries in terms political, economic and social compared to the rest of the world.
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Jansen, Jan. "The Representation of Status in Mande: Did the Mali Empire Still Exist in the Nineteenth Century?" History in Africa 23 (January 1996): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171935.
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For the reconstruction of the history of the aftermath of the Mali empire, that is, the period 1500-1800, oral traditions are the only source of information. The history of this period has been reconstructed by Person and Niane. Their work has gained widespread acceptance. In this paper I will argue that these scholars made significant methodological errors—in particular, in interpreting chronology in genealogies, and their reading of stories about invasions and the seizure of power by younger brothers.My reading of the oral tradition raises questions about the nature of both sixteenth- and nineteenth-century Mande (that is the triangle Bamako-Kita-Kankan (see map), the region where the ‘Malinke’ live), and the medieval Mali empire, because I think that Mande royal genealogies have wrongly been considered to represent claims to the imperial throne of the Mali empire. In contrast, my reading of oral tradition suggests in retrospect that the organizational structure of the Mali empire may have been segmentary, and not centralized, ranking between segments under discussion, each group thereby creating a hierarchical image.The conventional wisdom seems to be that the Mali empire collapsed/disintegrated in the period from 1500 and 1800. As Person put it:Dans le triangle malinké, on ne trouvera plus au XIX siècle que des kafu, ces petites unités étatiques qui forment les cellules politiques fondamentales du monde mandingue. Certains d'entre eux savaient faire reconnaître leur hégémonie à leurs voisins, mais aucune structure politique permante n'existait à un niveau supérieur. Beaucoup d'entre eux, dont les plus puissants et les plus peuplés, seront alors commandées par des lignées Kééta qui se réclament avec quelque vraisemblance des empereurs du Mali médiéval.
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Green, Kathryn L. "“Mande Kaba,” the Capital of Mali: A Recent Invention?" History in Africa 18 (1991): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172058.
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Historians who work in certain diaspora areas of the Mande people are frequently told by Mandekan speakers that their ancestors came from “Mande Kaba” (Kaaba). When reporting this, they usually then proceed to explain that Kaba is the Mande term for the French-named town of Kangaba, capital of the Mali empire. However, in my work on the precolonial state of Kong in northeastern Côte d'Ivoire, it became important to question exactly what this phrase means in the context of oral traditions and chronology.The hypothesis equating Kaba, Kangaba, and the capital of the Mali empire dates back in print to the early French studies of ancient Mali, and particularly to Maurice Delafosse, that prolific writer on West African oral traditions, religion, and languages. In his 1912 magnum opus, Haut-Sénégal-Niger, Delafosse cited Kangaba, “sans doute” as the capital of the pre-Sunjata “royaume” of Mali. In his annotation of the French translation of the mid-seventeenth century compilation, Ta'rikh al-Fattash, Delafosse again presented this idea. The Ta'rikh stated that “[t]he town which served previously as the capital of the emperor of Mali was named Diêriba [jāriba]; following, there was another named Niani [Yan.”In a note Delafosse explained that Diêriba “is also the name of the town called Kangaba on our [French] maps, which after having been the first capital of the manding empire, is still today the chief town of the province of Manding or Malli.” He was most likely relaying information from his interpretation of traditions as well as his own personal observations of early twentieth-century Kangaba. The Keita family, claiming descent from Sunjata Keita, the founder of the Mali empire, enjoyed political control of Kangaba, and were recognized as having held this position for some time.
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Fonju, Dr Njuafac Kenedy. "Mali from the Empire of the Lion’s King and Kings to the Hands of Fifty Four Diplomatic Colonial Agents in the Appellation of French Sudan, Federation 1235-1960." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2022): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2022.v10i06.004.
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This paper focuses on the identification of different French colonial agents whom in their portfolios were able to show their strength and hegemony in one of the former greatest African Empire known as Mali Empire with outstanding Lion King Sundiata Keita and other Kings from 1235 until it’s collapsed. The lucrative economic and commercial activities of the empire called for the attention of different actors in the later centuries at the time thereby making the history of the present day Mali very important to Africa. The French pre-colonial and colonial era dating from 1880 through the Berlin colonial conference of 1884-1885 to the granting of independence in 1960 opened the doors and mechanisms of neo-colonialism characterized with pre-crisis era which became serious challenges to that country till the 21st Century denunciations of French activities in that country. The scrutiny of specialized sources and other related scientific works enable the use of historical approach by bringing the highlights of the Mali Empire before identification of the main European agents. This study is very important because the young generation of historians can open other research activities concerning those specific colonial agents during their tenure of office and any colonial claims still waiting by Africans can be very important with concrete evidences.
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Shallal, Musa. "Sociological reflections on the empire of Mali (1300 AD)." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 24, no. 6 (June 2004): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330410790687.
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PETERSON, BRIAN J. "HISTORY, MEMORY AND THE LEGACY OF SAMORI IN SOUTHERN MALI, c. 1880–1898." Journal of African History 49, no. 2 (July 2008): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853708003903.
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ABSTRACTThis article seeks to situate local oral traditions on Samori Touré within the contexts of both internal African empire building and French colonial conquest. It takes into account the experiences of the vanquished on the periphery of Samori's empire in an effort to reassess his legacy. It argues that local traditions not only provide a corrective to the nationalist historiography on Samori, they also complicate the notion of ‘resistance’ by demonstrating internal dissent and even rebellion against Samorian rule at a time of Samori's vaunted ‘primary resistance’ to French conquest. Finally, this article concludes by providing a contemporary reading of the southern Malian historical landscape, rooting local Samorian history and politics in particular ‘sites of memory’.
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Afolayan, Bosede Funke. "The Court Poet/Praise Singer in Wole Soyinka’s Death and the King’s Horseman and Ola Rotimi’s Ovonramwen Nogbaisi: A Critical Appraisal." Afrika Focus 32, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03201009.
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Oral artists are a common sight in traditional African societies and were most prominent in old empires such as Oyo, Benin, Songhai and Mali. They also existed in the Zulu empire, northern Nigeria and among the Akan in Ghana. Their place is integral to the social and political well-being of these empires. In the Oyo empire, court poets are known as Olohun-Iyo. They are called griots in Senegal and Mali and among the Akan of Ghana, they are called Kwadwumfo. Modern Nigerian dramatists such as Wole Soyinka and Ola Rotimi have appropriated the image and roles of the court poet in Death and The King’s Horseman and Ovonramwen Nogbaisi respectively. This paper defines who a court poet is, his role as a maker and wordsmith, and the nature of his work and patronage. It examines the qualities he must possess and the content of his poetry. In examining the place of memory and remembering in the discharge of the poet´s duties, the paper investigates the various mnemonic and retrieval systems used by the poet to recall past accounts and great deeds of the kings. The roles of traditional court poets will be compared with the roles played by Olohun-iyo and Uzazakpo in the selected plays. The paper will also discuss what has become of oral artists in modern African societies. How viable is the art-form in the modern world with the advent of technology? Has civilization and modernity eroded their importance in society? While affirming their traditional advisory, prophetic, warning, motivational roles and as repositories of customs and culture, this paper concludes by stating the poet employs linguistic, para-linguistic and “medicinal” strategies to recall events at a given performance.
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N'Daou, Mohamed Saidou. "Sangalan Oral Traditions as Philosophy and Ideologies." History in Africa 26 (January 1999): 239–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172143.
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Sangalan is located in northeast Guinea in the région of MaliYambering. It was a federation of groups of villages, consisting of three taane (kafo in Malinke, districts or groups of villages): Dombiya, Uyukha, and Djulabaya. To these three taane correspond three ethnic subgroups, the Dombiyanne, Uyukhanne, and Djulabayanne. The Dombiyanne were mostly the Keita families; the Uyukhanne the Camara; and the Djulabayanne the Nyakhasso. The people of Sangalan are Dialonka—those living in Sangalan are called the Sangalanka. They are originally all from Dialonkadougou, at first a province of the Soso empire founded and ruled by Sumanguru Kante, and later a province of the empire of Mali, created by Sundiata Keita in the thirteenth century. The Sangalanka call themselves “Sosoe Forine” (Old Sosoe), the Sosoe who lived on the high mountains (dialon) of both the Soso and Manden empires. They call the other Sosoe, living along the Guinean coast, Bani Sosone (Sosoe of the Coast, near the water). The Soso Forine and Bani Sosone lived in the Futa Jallon and were driven away by the Fulani invaders in the eighteenth century.
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Zavyalova, Olga Yu. "ХАРТИИ МАНДЕН: АНАЛИЗ И СРАВНЕНИЕ ВЕРСИЙ." Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics 5, no. 2 (2022): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2022-5-2-17-41.
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This article is devoted to the Manden Charter (West Africa). The Manden Charter, according to tradition, was adopted in 1236 in Kurukan Fuga (Mali). It is an oral document that has undergone the influence of time during the transmission of the text among generations of griots; it is a set of norms that was created to organize the Mali empire. The Charter itself is a reconstruction from epic sources, in which several griots from Guinea and Senegal participated at once. The article presents a complete translation of the Charter, the comparison and analysis of its several versions from the griots Siriman Kuyate and Karamo Adam Diabate. While the Kuyate’s version of the Charter is considered to be “official”, the Diabate’s version is more credible. The analysis of the articles allows us to conclude that a part of the document may well be qualified as a declaration of new world order in the Mali Empire, while the other part of the document is a folklore addition to it. Today, it is especially important to record all references to traditional texts or knowledge, since attempts to change history, making it more “humane” and “modern”, can be traced in Africa at all levels.
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Austen, Ralph A., and Jan Jansen. "History, Oral Transmission and Structure in Ibn Khaldun's Chronology of Mali Rulers." History in Africa 23 (January 1996): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171932.
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The early history of the Mali empire is known to us from two sources: Mande oral literature (epic and praise poetry) recorded over the last 100 years and Ibn Khaldun's Kitab al-ʿIbar (Book of Exemplars) written in the late four-teenth century. The list of Mali kings presented by Ibn Khaldun is precise, detailed, entirely plausible, and recorded not too long after the events it purports to describe. For scholars attempting to reconstruct an account of this West African empire, no other medieval Arab chronicler or, indeed, any Mande oral traditions provide comparable information for its formative period.There is, however, reason to question the historical reliability of Ibn Khaldun's account precisely on the grounds of its narrative richness. When read in relation to the general model of political development and decay which Ibn Khaldun worked out in the more theoretical Muqaddimah (“Prolegomena”) of Kitab al-ʿIbar, as well as the larger context of the work in which it is imbedded, the Mali kinglist takes on some characteristics of an instructive illustration rather than a fully empirical account of the past. Indeed Ibn Khaldun himself, in his contemplation of the basis for asabiyah (group solidarity) among bedouin peoples, cautions us against literal interpretation of genealogical accounts:For a pedigree is something imaginary and devoid of reality. Its usefulness consists only in the resulting connection and close contact.Ibn Khaldun is certainly not as ideologically engaged in constructing the royal genealogy of Mali as a bedouin spokesman might be in reciting the list of his own ancestors. Nevertheless, this great Arab thinker has something at stake in this story which needs to be given serious attention by all scholars concerned with either the events of the medieval western Sudan or the process by which they have been incorporated into more recent narratives.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Empire du Mali"
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Bölükbaşı, Ömer Faruk. "Tezyid-i varidat ve tenkih-i masarifat : II. Abdülhamid döneminde mali idare /." İstanbul : Osmanlı bankası, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41307227d.
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Yüksek lisans tezi--Yakınçağ tarihi--Istanbul--Marmara üniversitesi, 2003. Titre de soutenance : Sultan II. Abdülhamid döneminde maliye komisyonları ve faaliyetleri (1876-1909).Bibliogr. p. 135-139.
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El, Hmidi Lahsen. "Les aspects sociaux et politiques de la diffusion de l'Islam au Mali et au Songhai, 14-16e siècles." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE29067.
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Le "miracle arabe" n'avait pas permis seulement le bouleversement de la carte geopolitique du monde ancien, mais avait e galement ouvert l'afrique noire a l'ere de la revelation divine et des lois universelles. C'est en tekrour que l'islam trouva son second souffle et son extraordinaire renaissance faisant du sahara-soudanais une econde terre de predication. Cette renaissance etait due, en grande partie, a l'habilite, aux talents des commercants arabo-berberes et surtout a l'esprit guerrier du mouvement almoravide. Ainsi, en introduisant leur culture, leur religion et leur langue, les arabes avaient contribue puissament au grand mouvement d'arabisation du soudan qui, du 11eme au 16eme siecle, a pousse les adeptes de mohamed a faconner le monde soudano-sahelien a leur image en persuadant les chefs locaux a mener une vie plus inspiree du modele oriental que de l'heritage ancestral soudanais. Cependant, cette persuation n'avait engendre qu'une influence tres superficielle. Les masses paysanes etaient restees profedement animistes et etrangeres au dialogue qui s'instaurait entre leur chefs et les ressortissants arabo-berberes. Mais si les cites nigeriennes ont connu une vie religieuse et culturelle tres animee aunmoyen-age, c'est grace, il faut le dire, a la politique bienveillante des souver ains soudanais ( les mansas et les askias ) qui ne cesserent de couvrir les lettres musulmans d'honneurs et de presents. Quoiqu'il en soit, la rencontre de l'islam avec l'afrique noire a permis a celle-ci de s'ouvrir sur le monde et d'appre hender les temps modernes avec une mentalite nouvelleThe "arabe miracle" did not only allow the compete change of the geopolitic map of the ancien world, but also allowed bl ack africa to have access to the divine revelation era of universal laws. It is in tekrur that islam found its second br eathe and its extraordinary rebith turning the sudaness sahara into a second earth of predication. This rebith was mostl y due to the gifted arabo-berbertradesmen and more particularly to the warlik spirit of the almoravid movement. Thus, by introducing their culture, religion and language, the arabe had greatly contributed to the great arabization movement of sudan, which from the 11 th century to 16 th century drove mohamed followers to build the sudano-sahelian world in their own image, persuading the local cheifs to live in a more oriental way, rather than in the ancestral sudanese herit age. The agricultural work forces were still strongly animist and did not take part in the dialogue which involved their cheifs and the arabo-berber peopole ( or citizen ). But , if the nigerian cities knew a lilively religious and cultural life during the middle -age, we must say that it is thanks to the benevolent politics of the sudanese sovereigns ( the mansas and askias ) who never stopped honoring muslim scholars. Although, the meeting between islam and black africa permitted the latter to open us itself
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Coulibaly, Bintou C. "Fasso Town: A Place Where Immigrants Can Reinvent Themselves." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583998471845665.
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Keita, Mohamed Ousmane. "Recherche sur la transition politique et économique au Mali : l'État inachevé." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0107.
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Cette thèse se veut à la fois critique et pragmatique. Critique de l’histoire récente du Mali lue à l’aune des outils procurés par l’analyse juridique, la sociologie et l’anthropologie du droit. Cette intention critique a conduit à interroger l’histoire du Mali des origines dans une perspective génétique qui a été détaillée dans les prolégomènes. Pragmatique, la thèse formule des propositions rattachées à la situation concrète du Mali, allant dans le sens d’un décloisonnement des consciences et de la restauration des normes constitutives de la République malienne. C’est à la satisfaction de ces deux impératifs que les analyses du langage ont été utiles. Elles ont également permis d’identifier certaines insuffisances de la dogmatique juridique généralement soucieuse de plaquer des concepts préfabriqués sur les réalités africaines, que de saisir au plus près ces réalités avec leurs nuances. Il est donc apparu opportun pour y parvenir de procéder à l’analyse des stratégies des acteurs ordinaires de la société politique malienne. La prise en considération des concepts manipulés par ces derniers explique le recours aux langues autochtones. La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à l’analyse du développement chaotique du Mali après l’abandon du projet des pères de l’indépendance sous la double pression des contraintes économiques et des déterminants culturels. La seconde partie en tire les conséquences du point de vue de la théorie constitutionnelle. C’est la raison pour laquelle la thèse s’achève sur la proposition d’une réforme du système de l’unité africaine inspirée, à l’image de tout ce qui précède, d’un dicton de la langue bambara : « Dormir sur la natte des autres, c’est comme si l’on dormait par terre »This thesis is both critical and pragmatic. A criticism of Mali’s recent history read in the light of the tools provided by the legal analysis, sociology and anthropology of law. This critical intent led to examine the history of Mali’s origins in a genetic perspective that has been detailed in the prolegomena. Pragmatic, the thesis puts forward proposals related to the concrete situation of Mali, along the lines of a deregulation of consciences and the re-introduction of constitutive standards into the Malian Republic. The language analysis proved valuable in meeting these two requirements. They also enabled to identify some shortcomings in legal dogma generally more anxious to graft prefabricated concepts onto African realities, rather than capture these realities with their nuances as close as possible. It therefore seemed appropriate to analyze the strategies of ordinary actors of the Malian political society. The consideration of the concepts handled by these latter accounts for the use of indigenous languages. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of Mali’s chaotic development in the aftermath of the relinquishment of the fathers’ project of independence under the double pressure of economic constraints and cultural determinants. The second part draws the relevant consequences from the point of view of constitutional theory. Thus, the thesis concludes with the proposal for reform of the system of African Unity based, upon as all the above, Bambara language’s saying : “Sleeping on the mat of others is like sleeping on the floor
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Collet, Hadrien. "Le sultanat du Mali (XIVè - XVè siècle) : historiographies d'un Etat soudanien, de l'Islam médiéval à aujourd'hui." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H060.
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Cette étude se concentre sur trois pôles historiographiques ayant produit diachroniquement des savoirs sur le sultanat médiéval du Mali. Partant d'une approche chronologiquement régressive, nous analysons dans une première partie les historiographies du monde savant et académique du XIXe siècle à nos jours, puis l'historiographie « takrürienne » d'Afrique de l’Ouest du XVIIe au XIXe siècle, et enfin l'historiographie mamelouke, principale pourvoyeuse de sources narratives arabes au XIVe et XVe siècle après le séjour au Caire en 1324 de la caravane du sultan Mansa Musa en route pour La Mecque. La seconde partie sera l'occasion d'explorer plus en avant les sources médiévales arabes à travers une réflexion poussée sur deux témoignages d'exception sur le sultanat du Mali au XIVe siècle, ceux de l'encyclopédiste syrien al-'Umarï et du voyageur marocain Ibn Battüta. La troisième partie prend la forme d'un recueil bilingue de sources arabes s'étalant du XIe au XIXe siècle mais dont la majorité est contemporaine du sultanat du Mali. Certaines sont nouvelles, les autres légèrement ou profondément retraduites. Ce corpus documentaire rassemble toutes les traces écrites en langue arabe connues à ce jour sur la formation politique du Mali, dont la configuration politique se transforme maintes fois du XIe au XVIe siècle. Il permet également de faire dialoguer les nombreux passages cités dans les chapitres avec le régime documentaire auquel ils appartiennentThis study focuses on three historiographic centres that diachronically produced knowledge concerning the sultanate of Mali. By means of a chronologically regressive approach, we analyse in the first part the historiographies of the scholarly and academic world from the 19th century onwards, then the Takrürï historiography in West Africa from the 17th to the 19th century, and finally the Mamlük historiography. The latter is the main provider of narrative Arabic sources for the 14th and 15th centuries after the sojoum of Mansa Musa's caravan in Cairo while traveling to Mecca. The second part will further explore Arabic medieval sources through the thorough consideration of two unique accounts of the sultanate of Mali during the 14th century; one belonging to the Syrian encyclopaedist al- 'Umarï and the other to the Moroccan traveller Ibn Battüta. The third and last part takes the shape of a bilingual French/ Arabic collection of Arabic sources stretching from the 11th to the 19th century, of which the majority is contemporary to the sultanate of Mali. Some are new, while others were slightly or substantially retranslated. This documentary corpus gathers all currently extant traces of Arabie literature pe11aining to Mali, whose political nature unde1went many changes from the 11th to the 17th century. It will also function as a tool to establish a dialogue between the numerous excerpts quoted in the chapters with the documentary environment to which they belong
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Keita, Mohamed Ousmane. "Recherche sur la transition politique et économique au Mali : l'État inachevé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2016. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/droit/2016/2016_These_Mohamed_Ousmane_KEITA.pdf.
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Cette thèse se veut à la fois critique et pragmatique. Critique de l’histoire récente du Mali lue à l’aune des outils procurés par l’analyse juridique, la sociologie et l’anthropologie du droit. Cette intention critique a conduit à interroger l’histoire du Mali des origines dans une perspective génétique qui a été détaillée dans les prolégomènes. Pragmatique, la thèse formule des propositions rattachées à la situation concrète du Mali, allant dans le sens d’un décloisonnement des consciences et de la restauration des normes constitutives de la République malienne. C’est à la satisfaction de ces deux impératifs que les analyses du langage ont été utiles. Elles ont également permis d’identifier certaines insuffisances de la dogmatique juridique généralement soucieuse de plaquer des concepts préfabriqués sur les réalités africaines, que de saisir au plus près ces réalités avec leurs nuances. Il est donc apparu opportun pour y parvenir de procéder à l’analyse des stratégies des acteurs ordinaires de la société politique malienne. La prise en considération des concepts manipulés par ces derniers explique le recours aux langues autochtones. La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à l’analyse du développement chaotique du Mali après l’abandon du projet des pères de l’indépendance sous la double pression des contraintes économiques et des déterminants culturels. La seconde partie en tire les conséquences du point de vue de la théorie constitutionnelle. C’est la raison pour laquelle la thèse s’achève sur la proposition d’une réforme du système de l’unité africaine inspirée, à l’image de tout ce qui précède, d’un dicton de la langue bambara : « Dormir sur la natte des autres, c’est comme si l’on dormait par terre »This thesis is both critical and pragmatic. A criticism of Mali’s recent history read in the light of the tools provided by the legal analysis, sociology and anthropology of law. This critical intent led to examine the history of Mali’s origins in a genetic perspective that has been detailed in the prolegomena. Pragmatic, the thesis puts forward proposals related to the concrete situation of Mali, along the lines of a deregulation of consciences and the re-introduction of constitutive standards into the Malian Republic. The language analysis proved valuable in meeting these two requirements. They also enabled to identify some shortcomings in legal dogma generally more anxious to graft prefabricated concepts onto African realities, rather than capture these realities with their nuances as close as possible. It therefore seemed appropriate to analyze the strategies of ordinary actors of the Malian political society. The consideration of the concepts handled by these latter accounts for the use of indigenous languages. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of Mali’s chaotic development in the aftermath of the relinquishment of the fathers’ project of independence under the double pressure of economic constraints and cultural determinants. The second part draws the relevant consequences from the point of view of constitutional theory. Thus, the thesis concludes with the proposal for reform of the system of African Unity based, upon as all the above, Bambara language’s saying : “Sleeping on the mat of others is like sleeping on the floor
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Van, Doosselaere Barbara. "Poterie et histoire au temps des grands empires ouest africains : études technologiques de l'assemblage céramique de Koumbi Saleh (Mauritanie 6e - 17e siècles)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010604.
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Formes et décors des récipients céramiques sont traditionnellement considérés comme des témoins privilégiés de l'identité des communautés anciennes. Il résulte généralement de ce type d'approche une continuité stylistique préconçue. Cette continuité caractérise la plupart des assemblages céramiques issus des grands centres urbains historiques ouest africains. Celle dont témoigne la céramique exhumée à Koumbi Saleh (Mauritanie, 5e/6e-I7e siècles) en est l'un des exemples les plus emblématiques. Dans le but d'interroger cette continuité, une étude technologique de cette céramique fut entreprise. Les différentes étapes de la chaîne opératoire de production céramique ont été reconstituées au travers de plusieurs analyses archéométriques. Plusieurs productions céramiques ont ainsi été reconnues. Nos résultats révèlent, par ailleurs, que ces productions, locales et importées, subissent de profondes transformations dans le courant des 11e et 15e siècles.
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Diabang, Mamadou. "L’Epopée de Bakari II : approche littéraire de la chronique historique du "Roi perdu" de l’empire médiéval du Mali." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0039.
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Cette thèse s’est assigné, comme modalités de recherches de définir les modes spécifiques d’apparition et de fonctionnement de l’épique dans la chronique historique et les chants d’exaltation en l’honneur de l’empereur Bakari II, représenté comme le « découvreur » de l’Amérique avant Colomb. Le texte est une version bilingue composée d’une transcription en langue Mandenka et d’une traduction française. En chantant ses hauts faits, le griot fait l’éloge des qualités héroïques du personnage et la nature des émotions que son audace d’aller à l’assaut des vagues de l’océan Atlantique suscite. A un texte qui se présente sous une apparence simple, une intonation épique est de la sorte attribuée même si on peut le qualifier de « néo épopée ». Certes l’épique s’imposait au regard du choix d’une esthétique d’oralité qui permet de nouer « sans artifice » l’historique, l’héroïque et le merveilleux. On retrouve là, la définition du registre épique et du style noble qui lui est associé dans la rhétorique, et qu’emprunte effectivement l’œuvre. Tout d’abord, nous avons tenté de jeter un regard sur la fondation du Mande, des origines à l’avènement de Soundjata Keïta, fondateur de l’empire et sur la composition sociale et l’organisation politique de l’empire du Mali. Cette thèse confirme, à l’instar d’autres études ethnographiques, que la société mandingue médiévale est organisée autour de trois pôles fortement hiérarchisés, endogamiques et spécialisés: les horon, les nyamakala et les jon. Avant de transcrire en langue malinké, puis les traduire en français les chants-rythmes d’éloge de Fa Bukari, nous avons revisité le cycle épique de Maghan Soundjata qui s’accompagne de la chronique de l’empereur du Mali Aboubakari II. Pour conclure, nous avons abordé les propriétés stylistiques et sémantiques qui s’articulent autour de la figure du poète épique, de la poésie formulaire, de la parole épique, de la rythmique particulière de la parole épique, sans occulter les perspectives de recherches nombreuses qui s’ouvrent dans le champ de la littérature orale, en général et sur l’épopée de Bakari II, en particulier qui contient un pan entier de domaines à explorerThis thesis is assigned, as the terms and conditions of research to define specific modes of appearance and operation of the epic in the historical Chronicle and the songs of exaltation in honour of Emperor Bakari II, represented as the "discoverer" of America before Columbus. The text is a bilingual version consisting of a transcript in Mandinka language and a French translation. Singing its achievements, the griot is the praise of the heroic qualities of the character and nature of the emotions aroused by his daring to go to the onslaught of the waves of the Atlantic Ocean. A text that presents itself as a simple appearance, epic intonation is assigned to it even though it can be called 'neo epic’. Certainly the epic was necessary with regard to the choice of an aesthetic of orality that allows to establish 'unadorned' history, the heroic and wonderful deeds. We have here, the definition of epic registry and noble style associated with it in the rhetoric, which is followed by the work. First of all, we have tried to look on the Foundation of the Mande, from the origins to the advent of Sundiata Keita, founder of the empire and the social composition and the political organization of the Mali Empire. This thesis confirms, along with other ethnographic studies, that medieval Mandingo society is organized around three poles strongly hierarchical, endogamous and specialised: the horon, the nyamakala and the jon. Before transcribing malinke language, then translate them into French songs-rhythms of praise of Fa Bukari, we revisited Maghan Sundiata epic cycle which is accompanied by the Chronicle of the Emperor of Mali, Aboubakari II. To conclude, we discussed stylistic and semantic properties that revolve around the figure of the epic poet, poetry form, epic speech, the special rhythmic of epic speech, without concealing the prospects of many research that open in the field of oral literature, in general and the epic of Bakari II, in particular that contains an entire domain to explore
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Ouedraogo, Bourahima. "Recherches archéologiques dans le delta intérieur du Niger : archéologie et environnement d'un site religieux à l'époque des empires : Natamatao (Mali)." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010516.
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Le site de Natamatao est une butte artificielle sablo- argileuse, située à l'ouest du delta intérieur du Niger (l4°28g’N et 05°0'4’W) près de Thial. Il a fait l'objet de pillages profonds et systématiques au début des années 1990. Ces pillages ont permis d'extraire au site plusieurs centaines d' objets comprenant des sculptures anthropomorphes et zoomorphes en terre cuite, des jarres funéraires, diverses poteries, meules, objets en fer, etc. De 2001 à 2006, des recherches, prospections, fouilles et enquêtes orales, ont été entreprises sur ce site et dans ses environs. Les enquêtes systématiques dans les villages environnant Thial ont permis de collecter les objets pillés que les populations locales gardaient par devers eux et de cartographier la mémoire des anciens pilleurs, après leur collaboration. Le recoupement de leurs informations avec celles obtenues dans les fouilles de 14 sondages attestent que Natamatao est un complexe à la nature double mais dont la vie est commune : une occupation de type villageois au sud et à l’ouest s'est développée à côté d'un monument religieux à l'est et au nord. La nature religieuse se caractérise par la concentration dans la même zone des dépôts de plusieurs squelettes d'équidés enduits d'ocre rouge, des centaines de statuettes et autres objets entiers et neufs en queue leu-leu. La nature et la quantité des œuvres extraites du site suggèrent que la dimension symbolique- religieuse dépasse son environnement immédiat. Elle est probablement le signe d'une structuration des sociétés anciennes de cette partie du delta autour d'un site majeur, à l'époque des empires. Le modèle préconisé ne fait pas appel à une hiérarchisation des sites comme cela est supposé dans les processus d'urbanisation de la région.
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Blankinship, Khalid Yahya. "The reign of Hisham (105-25/724-43) and the collapse of the Umayyads /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10437.
Full textBooks on the topic "Empire du Mali"
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Sunjata: The story of Sunjata Keita, founder of the Mali Empire. Kanifing, The Gambia: Fulladu Publishers, 2014.
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Cezar, Yavuz. Osmanlı maliyesinde bunalım ve değişim dönemi: XVIII. yy dan Tanzimatʼa mali tarihi. [Istanbul]: Alan Yayıncılık, 1986.
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O, Hunwick John, ed. Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613, and other contemporary documents. Boston, Mass: Brill, 1999.
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Djata, Sundiata A. The Bamana empire by the Niger: Kingdom, jihad, and colonization, 1712-1920. Princeton: Markus Wiener, 1997.
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Cassidy, Brian. Flying Empires: Short 'C' class Empire flying boats. Bath: Queens Parade, 1996.
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Yves, Royer Patrick, ed. West African challenge to empire: Culture and history in the Volta-Bani anticolonial war. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Empire du Mali"
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Shah, Tejash, and David Shin. "Empiric Medical Therapy for Idiopathic Male Infertility." In Male Infertility, 873–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32300-4_71.
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Griffiths, John. "‘Poetic Watchman’, Daily Mail, 13th September 1900, p. 3." In Empire and Popular Culture, 363. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351024709-56.
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Griffiths, John. "‘The Outlook, Fortiter in Re’ in Daily Mail, 27th March 1897, P. 4." In Empire and Popular Culture, 74–75. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351024709-6.
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Griffiths, John. "‘Chinese Gordon on the Soudan’, in Pall Mall Gazette, 9th January 1884, pp. 11–13." In Empire and Popular Culture, 101–7. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351024709-12.
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Griffiths, John. "Review of Wilkie Collins's ‘The Moonstone’, in Pall Mall Gazette, 17th July 1868, Pp. 9–10." In Empire and Popular Culture, 217–20. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351024709-31.
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Griffiths, John. "‘Mr Kipling's Poem: For Your Credit's Sake Pay, Pay, Pay!’ in Daily Mail, 1st November 1899, p. 4." In Empire and Popular Culture, 351–53. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351024709-52.
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Taylor-Pirie, Emilie. "Introduction: Stories of Science and Empire." In Empire Under the Microscope, 1–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84717-3_1.
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AbstractIn this introduction, Taylor-Pirie appraises the intersections of the ‘imaginative architecture of science and empire’ by examining how, as a fledging medical discipline at the fin de siècle, parasitology entered into significant encounters and exchanges with the literary and historical imagination. Introducing readers to Nobel Prize–winning parasitologist Ronald Ross (1857–1932), Taylor-Pirie lays the foundations for the rest of the book by examining how forms such as poetry and biography, genres such as imperial romance and detective fiction, and modes such as adventure and the Gothic together informed how tropical diseases, their parasites, and their vectors were understood in relation to race, gender, and nation. In addition to considering the contemporaneous public understanding of science, she also explores how parasitologists were often engaged in writing their own histories of the discipline, a practice that led to a predominantly white, predominantly male understanding of science that finds a legacy in gender disparities in STEM and biases in popular histories of medicine in favour of a mode of ‘heroic biography’. She provides a brief critical overview of the field of literature and science and places her methodology and the field in the context of contemporary topics like the Covid-19 pandemic, Black Lives Matter protests, and the heritage culture wars.
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"Mali and its Provinces." In Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire, 13–16. BRILL, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004491137_010.
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Hall, Bruce S. "The Mali and Songhay Empires." In The Oxford World History of Empire, 648–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532768.003.0023.
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This chapter situates the Songhay Empire (ca. 1464–1591) within a wider framework of African state formation, highlighting the importance of symbolic authority to the projections of power by Songhay rulers. The Songhay Empire was one of a series of early (medieval and early modern) commercially oriented polities that arose in the West African Sahel and Savannah and were known in North Africa and the Middle East because of the activities of Muslim traders. The case of Songhay is especially interesting in African history because of the richness of Arabic written sources that describe its history, and because of the importance of Islamic identity for its rulers. Destroyed by an expeditionary army sent across the Sahara Desert from Morocco in 1591, the demise of the Songhay Empire marks the beginning of a new period in West African history in which the influence of North Africa and Europe grew in scale and scope.
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Vidal, Jules. "The ‘official’ legend of Sundiata, founder of the Mali empire." In Corpus of Early Accounts of the Sunjata Epic, 1889-1959, 211–22. British Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267387.003.0014.
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Introduction to, analysis of and text of an oral narrative of Sunjata by traditional narrators from Kela recorded by Jules Vidal in 1922 and published in French in 1924. Vidal's version was dubbed 'official' largely because of the view that nearby Niani was a medieval capital of Mali, a view championed by D.T. Niane but recently disproved, and because of the famous Kamablon ceremony that takes place every seventh year in Kela at which a lengthy version of the Sunjata epic is performed in secret by Diabate (Jabate) griots patronised by the nearby Keita rulers of Kangaba, once a notable Manding chiefdom and seen by some as the last remnant of the empire of Mali.
Conference papers on the topic "Empire du Mali"
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Petrović, Nemanja. "„DANAS SE HRISTOS U VITLEJEMU OD DJEVE RAĐA“ ZAPAŽANjA IKONOGRAFSKIH POJEDINOSTI BOŽIĆNE HIMNE KAO ODRAZA POBOŽNOSTI KRALjA MILUTINA." In Kralj Milutin i doba Paleologa: istorija, književnost, kulturno nasleđe. Publishing House of the Eparchy of Šumadija of the Serbian Orthodox Church - "Kalenić", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/6008-065-5.763p.
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Fresco-composition, painted above the entrance of the katholikon of Žiča monastery, represents a unique scene within Serbian monumental painting from the beginning of the second decade of 14th century. This carefully thought-up picture illustrates a Christmas' Hymn which ascribes to the authorship of John of Damaskus. However, verses written on the arc, above the composition, are associated with poems of Anatoly of Constatinopole’s poetic content. Decora- tion of the entrance consists of clearly expressed theme of the portal, therefore it can be said that frescoes obviously indicate activities that could have been happening inside this space, to be precise in front of the temple’s entrance. It is important to analyze mention verses written on the arc, which belong to the poem that’s sung on the first day of the celebration of Christmas, when, it is believed, monarch himself attended. In the upper part of the composition, we can see The Mother of God on the throne with Child, surrounded by Angels, Shepherds and the Magi with their gifts. They are joined with a fragment of historic content, which additionally completes the complexity of the painting. In the lower part of the fresco-composition, there are visible two ceremonial proseccions moving towards each other. On the left side, beneath the Magi, we can see a group of cantors, monks, priesthood led by archbishop Sava III. On the right, beneath the Shephards, there is Court Retinue led by King Milutin. All participants of this saint cortege are painted wearing rich vestments with apparent attributes that define them. There are clear indications of taking over and transmitting Constantionopoli- tan models within the painting subject of gate entrance as the emphasized place as part of the ruling adventus. It is obvious that it is about iconography shaped by forceful influence of liturgy, theological literature of Incarnation, specifically the influence of hymnography in shaping different artistic models that had been growing in the Empire of Palaiologos and the land of king Milutin.
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Carneiro De Carvalho, Vânia. "Decoration and Nostalgia - Historical Study on Visual Matrices and Forms of Diffusion of Fêtes Galantes in the 20th Century." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001365.
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In São Paulo/Brazil, between the years 1950 and 1980, porcelain sculptures representing courtesy scenes were fashionable in wealthy and middle-class homes. Several Brazilian factories started to produce such images and many others were imported, the most of them from Germany. These representations were inspired by the fêtes gallants, a rococo style genre from the 18th century. Factories like Meissen, Limoges and Capodimonte produced thousands of copies which circulated in Western Europe and the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, from French institutional policies, the fêtes galantes were revalued along with the recovery of the rococo. This political and cultural movement resulted not only in domestic interiors decorated with authentic pieces from the 18th century gathered together by collectors, but also in the production of new objects. Following decorative practices, studies anachronistically reclassified 18th artisans as artists, constructing their biographies, circumscribing their peculiarities, and identifying their works. Many pieces from the privates collections ended in museums. The porcelain aristocratic figures won the world and are produced until today. It was at the end of the 19th century, in the region of Thuringia, that the technique of lace porcelain emerged. Produced by women in a male-dominated environment, the technique involved the use of cotton fabric soaked with porcelain mass which was then sewed and molded over the porcelain bodies of male and female figures. After that, the piece was placed in the oven at high temperature, burning the fabric and leaving the lace porcelain. It is significant and relevant for the purposes of this research that the lace porcelain technique was never recognized as a object of interest by the academic literature on porcelain. It is likely that the presence of the female labor, the practice of sewing and the use of fabric have been interpreted by the male academic and amateur elite as discredit elements. Added to this, the lace porcelain became very popular in the 20th century. The reinterpretation of rococo in the 20th century was also understood as a lack of artistic inventiveness associated with marketing interests, which resulted in the marginalization of these sculptures. What is proposed here is to study these objects as pieces of domestic decoration practices, recognizing in them capacities to act on the production of social, age and gender distinctions. I intend, therefore, to demonstrate how these small and seemingly insignificant objects were associated with decorative practices of fixing women in the domestic space in Brazil during the 20th century. They acted not alone but in connection with other contemporary phenomena such as post-war fashion, the glamorization of personalities from the American movie and European aristocracy and the rise of Disney movies, which promoted the gallant pair as a romantic idea for children in the western world.
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MAHOOD, Sahar. "ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS IN BAGHDAD DURING THE RULE OF THE GOVERNOR MATHAT PASHA (1869-1872)." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-8.
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Pasha was one of the most prominent Ottoman governors who ruled Baghdad during the rule of the Ottoman Empire, and he was also one of the most important administrative reformers in the city, as he was appointed as its governor in (1869 AD), so he assumed the task of the Ottoman state’s control over the Arab Gulf countries such as (Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Al-Ahsa We find). This study acquires its importance through the important administrative reforms that Medhat Pasha undertook in Baghdad, so we dealt with it in this research in some detail, as his reforms in the fields of (education, mail, health, administration, and construction, etc.) were of great importance in administrative and urban development. For the city of Baghdad, as it established the first building blocks for establishing a solid central administrative system and distinguished urban development. Perhaps one of the most prominent objectives of this study is to shed light on the important reforms of Governor Medhat Pasha in the city of Baghdad, especially in the administrative, urban, educational and other fields, and to stand on each one of them in order to demonstrate its importance and impact on Al-Baghdadi society. As for the problem of this study, it lies in the disclosure of many challenges that coincided with the reforms of Medhat Pasha, which caused a qualitative shift in the administrative system in Baghdad, the most prominent of which was the popular revolution by the people of this city following the imposition of compulsory conscription, even though the governor faced it And he was able to control it and where he did not stop his reforms, whose effects and features remain fresh to this day. He regretted that Medhat Pasha did not help him with his reforms at the Sublime Porte, so the intrigues and plots were trampled upon him, and he was subsequently transferred to the state of Izmir and he was arrested on charges of killing Sultan Abdul Aziz. The judgment was not executed, so he ordered his exile to the city of Taif, and he died in prison in 1883AD.
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Dimitrakopoulou, Georgia. "�NOVELLA GRECA.� ?. SERAO�S 19TH CENTURY GREECE. ITS REALITIES AND ITS ANTITHESES." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2022/s10.17.
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In the short story Novella Greca, in her book: Fior di Passione, 1888, the author M. Serao narrates the true story of Calliope Stavro, the heroine (Calliopi Stavrou in Greek), in Leucade - Santa Maura (Lefkada - Agia Mavra in Greek), an island of the Ionian Sea, in 19th century Greece. At that time, the country was just freed from the Turkish occupation, trying to recover from more than 400 years of slavery and subjugation to the Ottoman Empire. Calliope Stavro represents the woman of her time, imprisoned in the small society of her island, suffocated, asphyxiated, disillusioned and unfulfilled. Thus, she decides to commit suicide not having a way out in her island, which although it is a naturally beautiful place due to its greenery, it is a barren rock �thrown� into the Ionian Sea without any promising future for its inhabitants. Serao realistically exposes the true story of the heroine�s female identity, whose death signifies her suffocation within the patriarchal society of her time. The writer presents the outlets of human existence, the small society of the island, the negative influence of the heroine�s microcosm, which mostly depends on the raisin trade, its production and export, with which almost all the males of the island are preoccupied, since it provided a profitable income in that time. Faced with the crushing reality of her life, the non-existence of love, no romance, male dominance, and indifference, even misogynism, she chooses death, she surrenders to her doomed destiny and the futility of existence, because she is not allowed to live a free life according to her will. Her fatal fall from Lefkata�s cape, where in ancient times there was a temple of god Apollo, god of music, light, and patron of the arts and divination, signifies the death of the gods of Olympus. Their place has been taken by a harsh reality, the revelation of the demands of the human soul, its desires, and its dead ends. Greece will need and still needs a long way to go to find the place it deserves in history, free from patriarchal structures, prejudices, and the impasses that they entail. The story of Calliope Stavro proves in practice the predicament of the female under the patriarchal standards of her era and the unsatisfied desires of the human psyche, which are sacrificed for the sake of survival, most times with unpredictable, unpleasant and unhappy results.
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Candu, Teodor. "The value and importance of the Forms of the churches and the service states of the clergy in the numerical assessment of the population of the Pruto-Dnistrian region in 1812." In Latinitate, Romanitate, Românitate. Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională, Ediția a 7-a. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/lrr2023.16.
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The sources for studying the demographic situation in the Romanian area, especially those from Moldova Principality and neighboring territories, increase quantitatively with the expansion of Russia towards South-Eastern Europe. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812, as well as during the conflagrations of the late XVIIIth century, the Russian Empire preferred to establish its own administration of occupation, which for the most efficient record of resources was used not only by its own apparatus, but also by the local administrative and ecclesiastical institutions of the Romanian Principalities, introducing several statistical tools for population records. Among the statistical instruments introduced during this period (e.g. forms, registers, etc.) that followed the record of the population at all stages of life, through civil status registers, in which births, marriages and deaths were recorded; confession registers of Orthodox believers; the forms of the churches and the service records of the clergy, where, in addition to the information about the status of the churches and the situation of the parish clergy, there was also information about the number of the population according to ethnic and gender composition, the latter are the object of our intervention. In the framework of this study, a series of information was exposed about the process of introducing Church Forms and clergy service statuses, a process initiated in December 1809, as a result of insufficient data presented by diocesan bishops and other church structures during the same year. Taking into account the value of the information contained in these sources, here we focused on the selection and accounting of the data regarding the numerical situation of the Christian-Orthodox population in the Pruto-Nistrian area in 1812. As a result of comparing the fiscal data contained in the Evideces of the Moldovan Treasury from 1808 and other statistical data known from the era with those contained in the Forms,we find that the data from the sources we considered, although they were used to clarify some information regarding the history of the Orthodox Church in Bessarabia. However, they were not used at their fair value to clarify those contradictions that continue to hover over the issue of the numerical composition of the population in the region newly annexed to Russia in 1812. Thus, following the analysis of the statistical data provided by several registers with the Forms that have reached us, it can be concluded that the population of the region not only approached the number of 300,000 people, but even exceeded it. Therefore, it would be recommended that researchers concerned with the study of demographic issues in the region not only refer to the records of a fiscal nature, which, although they are recognized to be of particular value. Nevertheless the information provided by the Forms allows verification of the veracity/correctness of the premiums, detailing some aspects, such as the ratio between churched and non-churched localities, the ratio between the male and female population, as well as other indicators that tax statistics from the early XIXth century do not record.