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Books on the topic 'Empire hittite'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Woudhuizen, Fred. Luwian hieroglyphic monumental rock and stone inscriptions from the Hittite Empire period. Innsbruck: Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft, 2004.

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2

Doğan-Alparslan, Meltem, and Metin Alparslan. Hititler: Bir Anadolu imparatorluğu = Hittites : an Anatolian empire. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2013.

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3

Ceram, C. W. The Secret of the Hittites: The Discovery of an Ancient Empire. London: Phoenix Press, 2001.

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4

Singer, Itamar. The Calm Before the Storm: Selected Writings of Itamar Singer on the Late Bronze Age in Anatolia and the Levant. Leiden: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011.

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5

Martino, Stefano De. Handbook Hittite Empire: Power Structures. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2021.

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6

Martino, Stefano De. Handbook Hittite Empire: Power Structures. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2021.

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7

Martino, Stefano De. Handbook Hittite Empire: Power Structures. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2021.

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8

den Hout, Theo van. The Hittite Empire from Textual Evidence. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0041.

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The Hittite written legacy is unique in the ancient Near East in that it allows us to sketch the development of a major power over the course of its almost 500 years of history from a state of basic illiteracy through incipient literacy to a booming administrative apparatus which has earned it the reputation of a true bureaucracy. It was a state with two scripts: the cuneiform used for its inner administrative workings in the widest sense of the word, with the Hittite language as its official medium, and the Anatolian hieroglyphs for the state's face to the outside. This article presents a review of the Hittite texts, describing the contradictory information that is sometimes provided by multiple texts on the same subjects. It also draws out the nuanced understanding that scholars may gain regarding, for instance, royal intentions and goals, the pomp and circumstance of ritual, or the intricacy of ancient law through their close readings of the some 30,000 extant Hittite texts.

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9

Mielke, Dirk Paul. Key Sites Of The Hittite Empire. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0048.

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This article discusses findings from excavations of key Hittite sites: Bo ğ azköy–Hattu ša, Ortaköy– Š apinuwa, Alaca Höyük, Kuşakli–Šarişşa, and Maşat Höyük–Tapikka. These sites shed light on both the characteristic features and diversity of Hittite urban forms.

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10

Auerbach, Patrick. Hittites: The True and Surprising History Of The Ancient Hittite Empire. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.

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11

Les débuts du nouvel empire hittite: Les Hittites et leur histoire (French Edition). Editions L'Harmattan, 2007.

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12

Glatz, Claudia. The Hittite State and Empire from Archaeological Evidence. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0040.

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This article shows how the material culture can sometimes be an even clearer lens through which scholars may view the Hittite imperial organization and modes of engagement. The evidence for the selective adoption of north-central Anatolian ceramic traditions in neighboring regions, changes and continuity in local settlement systems, the direction and intensity of Hittite administrative efforts, and the dialogue of territorial hegemony carried out via landscape monuments suggest that empire, rather than a monolithic entity, is best conceptualized as a complex web of interactions. Imperial–local relationships were less clear cut and in favor of all-encompassing central control than one might infer from the Hittite documents. Instead, we gain the impression of an ongoing process or negotiation of empire that is carried out on a range of different cultural, political, and social levels, and which is neither complete nor uncontested in its closest periphery and throughout its existence.

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13

History, Captivating. Hittites: A Captivating Guide to the Ancient Anatolian People Who Established the Hittite Empire in Ancient Mesopotamia. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.

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14

History, Captivating. Hittites: A Captivating Guide to the Ancient Anatolian People Who Established the Hittite Empire in Ancient Mesopotamia. Captivating History, 2020.

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15

Seeher, Jürgen. The Plateau: The Hittites. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0016.

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This article presents data on the Hittites, who, during the second millennium BCE, established the first empire in what was later called Anatolia and then Asia Minor. From the beginning, the Hittite kings followed an active settlement policy on the Anatolian plateau. Sites in disparate areas show a remarkable uniformity in architecture and material culture, and thus document a strong system, with well-organized structures of production and distribution. Basically inland oriented, the Hittite state maintained close connections to the coast only in southern Asia Minor, which meant access to the trade routes in the eastern Mediterranean and the northern Levant. The loss of these trade routes, together with various other factors, seems to have led to the collapse of the empire around or shortly after 1200 BCE and the abandonment of many (if not all) Hittite settlements on the central Anatolian plateau.

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16

History, Captivating. Ancient Anatolia: A Captivating Guide to Ancient Civilizations of Asia Minor, Including the Hittite Empire, Arameans, Luwians, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Cimmerians, Scythians, Persians, Romans, and More. Captivating History, 2020.

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17

Kulakoğlu, Fikri. Kültepe-Kaneš: A Second Millennium B.C.E. Trading Center on the Central Plateau. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0047.

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This article discusses findings from excavations at Kültepe–Kaneš, which is on the ancient trade route connecting central Anatolia to Malatya, a center that always had close links to Mesopotamian cultures. Central Anatolia was also accessible from the Mediterrannean through passes in the Taurus Mountains, such as Yahyalı–Develi, Zamantı–Gezbeli–Sirkeli, or Tufanbeyli–Ceyhan, which led to Kültepe;. The passes were narrow, but convenient in the proper seasons, and were also used during the Hittite Empire period.

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18

Kealhofer, Lisa, and Peter Grave. The Iron Age on the Central Anatolian Plateau. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0018.

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This article presents data on the Iron Age of central Anatolia. After describing the geographical context of the Anatolian plateau, it outlines advances and constraints in the development of a regional chronological framework. The current understanding of the Iron Age is then explored based on recent excavations of Iron Age levels at four sites: Gordion, Boğazköy, Kaman–Kalehöyük, and Çadır Höyük. Recent work at Kerkenes Dağ and Dorylaion/Eskişehir, as well as regional surveys, provide some additional shape to this still-fragmentary picture. The evidence from the sites suggests occupational continuity following the collapse of the Hittite Empire, despite indications of significant socioeconomic and political changes.

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19

Sayce, A. H. The Hittites: The Story of a Forgotten Empire. Adamant Media Corporation, 2005.

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20

Matthews, Victor H. Settlement and Competition in Iron Age I Canaan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190231149.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the forces (environmental, economic, and political) that contributed to the nearly complete transformation of the eastern Levant at the end of the Late Bronze Age, including the super-power struggles between the Egyptians and the Hittite empire for control of Syria-Palestine that consumed much of their energy during the twelfth century BCE. Of equal importance is the invasion of the region by the people collectively known as the Sea Peoples. The ripple effect of that invasion, which resulted in the establishment of Philistine city-states along the Coastal Plain, transforms Canaan and provides the opportunities for new peoples, including the Proto-Israelites, to settle in the Central Highlands. Focus here will be on the challenges faced by these new peoples as they adapt to their environmental conditions with attention given to the stories in the Book of Judges. Subsequent economic and military rivalries between the Philistine city-states and the highland peoples set the stage for the development of the Israelite monarchy.

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21

The Calm Before the Storm: Selected Writings of Itamar Singer on the Late Bronze Age in Anatolia and the Levant (Society of Biblical Literature-Writing from the Ancient World Supplements). Brill Academic Publishers, 2012.

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22

Barmash, Pamela. The Laws of Hammurabi. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197525401.001.0001.

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The Laws of Hammurabi is one of the earliest law codes, dating from the eighteenth century BCE Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq). It is the culmination of a tradition in which scribes would demonstrate their legal flair by composing statutes on a repertoire of traditional cases, articulating what they deemed just and fair. The book describes how the scribe of the Laws of Hammurabi advanced beyond earlier scribes in composing statutes that manifest systematization and implicit legal principles. The scribe inserted the statutes into the structure of a royal inscription, skillfully reshaping the genre. This approach allowed the king to use the law code to demonstrate that Hammurabi had fulfilled the mandate to guarantee justice enjoined upon him by the gods, affirming his authority as king. This tradition of scribal improvisation on a set of traditional cases continued outside of Mesopotamia, influencing biblical law and the law of the Hittite Empire and perhaps shaping Greek and Roman law. The Laws of Hammurabi is also a witness to the start of another stream of intellectual tradition. It became a classic text and the subject of formal commentaries, marking a Copernican revolution in intellectual culture.

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23

Osborne, James F. Monuments of the Hittite and Neo-Assyrian Empires During the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386844.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 engages with the Hittite and Assyrian monuments that are some of our oldest as well as most spectacular evidence for communications. For his discussion, Osborne exploits two interpretative concepts, one that he terms “relationality,” and the other, known as “costly signaling theory,” imported from recent work in evolutionary anthropology. Relationality calls for reckoning with changes over time in how a monument communicates messages and how it is perceived; costly signaling theory serves to explain why some monuments communicate more effectively if they are large and expensive. Both concepts assist in analyzing the ideological content of the monumental royal sculptures that form Osborne’s focus.

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24

Milstein, Sara J. Making a Case. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190911805.001.0001.

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Outside of the Bible, all of the known Near Eastern law collections were produced in the third to second millennia BCE, in cuneiform on clay tablets, and in major cities in Mesopotamia and in the Hittite Empire. None of the five major sites in Syria to have yielded cuneiform tablets has borne even a fragment of a law collection, despite the fact that several have yielded ample legal documentation. Excavations at Nuzi have turned up numerous legal documents, but again, no law collection. Even Egypt has not yielded a collection of laws. As such, the biblical blocks that scholars regularly identify as law collections would represent the only “western,” non-cuneiform expressions of the genre in the ancient Near East, produced by societies not known for their political clout, and separated in time from the “other” collections by centuries. Making a Case challenges the long-held notion that Israelite and Judahite scribes either made use of older law collections or set out to produce law collections in the Near Eastern sense of the genre. Rather, Milstein suggests that what we call “biblical law” is closer in form and function to a different and oft-neglected Mesopotamian genre: legal-pedagogical texts. In the course of their education, Mesopotamian scribes copied a variety of legal-oriented school texts: sample contracts, fictional cases, sequences of non-canonical law, and legal phrasebooks. When “biblical law” is viewed in the context of these legal-pedagogical texts, its practical roots in legal exercises begin to emerge.

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25

Ivantchik, Askold, and Vakhtang Licheli, eds. Achaemenid Culture and Local Traditions in Anatolia, Southern Caucasus and Iran: New Discoveries. Brill Academic Publishers, 2007.

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