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Journal articles on the topic 'Empires and diplomacy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Leira, Halvard, and Benjamin de Carvalho. "The Intercity Origins of Diplomacy: Consuls, Empires, and the Sea." Diplomatica 3, no. 1 (2021): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891774-03010008.

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Abstract City diplomacy is a fairly new topic in the study of diplomacy, and, many would argue, a fairly recent empirical phenomenon. A counterpoint to this could be to reference how the alleged origin of diplomacy in Greek antiquity was city-centered, as were the earliest forms of Renaissance diplomacy in Italy. In this essay we want to probe the connections between cities and diplomacy through problematizing what has counted as diplomacy. Our starting point is that cities have always mattered to what we could analytically refer to as diplomatic practice. Being conscious of the conceptual amb

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Chen, Li. "Universalism and Equal Sovereignty as Contested Myths of International Law in the Sino-Western Encounter." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international 13, no. 1 (2011): 75–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180511x552054.

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AbstractContrary to the relevant traditional historiography, this article argues that early modern Sino-Western conflicts are to a great extent attributable to the sustained contestation between China and the Western empires (particularly Britain) over their competing claims to sovereignty in China. The article shows that the Western empires' demand for extraterritoriality and natural rights to freely trade, travel, and proselytize in China originated in their assumption of universal sovereignty in the non-Christian world. The early Sino-Western encounter illustrates how the discourses of sove

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Shacillo, Vyacheslav. "Russian Diplomacy and the USA’s Seizure of the Phillipine Islands." ISTORIYA 13, no. 5 (115) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021545-8.

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The article examines the main aspects of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire concerning the seizure of the Philippine Islands by the United States during the Spanish-American War of 1898. This event did not affect the vital interests of the Russian Empire and Russia during this war avoided taking any steps that could damage the friendly relations with the United States. On the other hand, while pursuing an active foreign policy in the Pacific region in those years, St. Petersburg feared the strengthening of the positions of the British and German Empires in the Far East. That is why the s

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Wirta, Kaarle, Katja Tikka, and Jaakko Björklund. "Administering Empire. Business Diplomacy in Early Modern Sweden: The Cases of Abraham Cabiljau and the Gothenburg Company." Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies, no. 5 (January 1, 2022): 21–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/legatio.2021.02.

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The article illustrates the importance of business diplomacy practised by free agents, who navigated and negotiated between northern European empires for widespread commercial, legal and administrative developments. Abraham Cabiljau’s career is an example from the early modern Swedish empire, which stands on the threshold of a new era. In the Swedish empire, Cabiljau was involved in several different sectors, from military recruitment to the development of state accounting and administration of international trade. He represents the Swedish empire’s vast economic relationships with internation

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Pinto, Paulo Jorge de Sousa. "‘Whether it pleases the locals or not’: Empire and Consent in Portuguese Asia during the Sixteenth Century." Ler História 84 (2024): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11uqt.

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Is consent a valid or useful concept in the context of sixteenth century Portuguese Asia? Given the specific characteristics of this empire, a study of consent has the potential to shed light on its nature, the form in which it was built, and how it survived. It may likewise prove useful for clarifying the complexity of this empire’s dynamics, namely its relations with the Asian powers. In some cases, consent formed part of the guidance and orders issued from Lisbon, and to some extent it was integrated into the Portuguese Crown’s policy towards war and diplomacy. A number of interesting contr

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Robarts, Andrew. "Imperial confrontation or regional cooperation?: Bulgarian migration and Ottoman-Russian relations in the Black Sea region, 1768-1830s." Turkish Historical Review 3, no. 2 (2012): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462x00302004.

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The Black Sea region from 1768-1830s has traditionally been characterized as a theater of warfare and imperial competition. Indeed, during this period, the Ottoman and Russian empires engaged in four armed conflicts for supremacy in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and on the Black Sea itself. While not discounting geo-strategic and ideological confrontation between the Ottoman and Russian empires, this article - by adopting the Black Sea region as its primary unit of historical and political analysis - will emphasize the considerable amount of exchange that took place between the Ottoman and Russia

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Nyakomittah, Kenwilliams, and Lydia Mareri. "War, Peace and Diplomacy: An Analysis of Strategic History of the International System." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. V (2023): 1634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.70626.

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The International System has been marked by wars, peace, and diplomacy, each playing a crucial role in shaping the strategic history of the world. In the realm of international relations, war, peace and diplomacy form the central themes of interaction between states. War and peace have been used interchangeably to not only claim territories, but also to engage with each other. With the development of diplomacy as a means of interaction between sovereign states, a new frontier was opened which the world has adopted with enthusiasm. However, there remains lessons from significant epochs concerni

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Cano, Gaël Sánchez, and Miquel de la Rosa Lorente. "Immaterial Empires: France and Spain in the Americas, 1860s and 1920s." European History Quarterly 50, no. 3 (2020): 393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691420933491.

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Imperial expansion in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has been largely studied as a military and economic phenomenon. According to the widely accepted narrative, European empires expanded their power across the world following different ‘formal’ (direct) and ‘informal’ (indirect) strategies. This article argues that, beyond material forms of conquest and effective domination, empires also implemented their rule through the use of immateriality. We explore this phenomenon through a transnational and diachronic comparison of the cases of France in the 1860s and Spain in the 1920s. Both ex

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Erdemi̇r, Hatice. "The Nature of Turko-Byzantine Relations in the Sixth Century Ad." Belleten 68, no. 252 (2004): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2004.423.

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In the middle of the sixth century, a new nomad power emerged in central Asia. A federation led by Turkic groups which rapidly impinged on the Persian empire after the subjugation of the Hephtalites and had an impact on the Roman empire through the flight westwards of the Avars. As a result, both Romans and Persians were soon in diplomatic contact with the Turkish Kagan, and considerable evidence for this process is presented in the fragments of the Greek historian Menandros Protector, with useful supporting material in the historian Theophylact Simocatta and the Syriac author John of Ephesus.

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Sapozhnikova, Mariya G. "THE TRANSFORMATION OF DIPLOMACY DURING THE REIGN OF THEODOSIUS II (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ROMAN-PERSIAN RELATIONS)." TULA SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. HISTORY. LINGUISTICS, no. 2 (18) (September 30, 2024): 21–29. https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2024-2-21-29.

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The article analyzes the Byzantine-Persian conflicts in the era of Theodosius II. The author touches upon the main causes of the enmity between these two great powers – territorial disputes, religious and ideological differences. The main part of the article reveals the changes in Constantinople's foreign policy strategy in the first half of the 5th century. One of the reasons for these transformations was the breakup of the Roman Empire into two parts, Eastern and Western, in 395. This strengthened the parity of Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire. At the same time, new players appeared on th

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Pirtea, Adrian C. "Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity. Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250-750." Iran and the Caucasus 25, no. 3 (2021): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20210306.

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This article reviews a collection of twenty-six studies on Eurasia in Late Antiquity, edited by Nicola Di Cosmo and Michael Maas (2018). Aside from presenting a brief summary of all the chapters included in the volume, I discuss several contributions at length and engage with the methodology outlined by the editors in the Introduction. While the book focuses on Late Antique steppe empires (Huns, Türks, Avars, etc.) and the multiple ways these interacted with the great sedentary states of Eurasia (Byzantium, Iran, China), many chapters offer exciting new perspectives on a score of other topics,

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Iriye, Akira, Ian H. Nish, and Ian Nish. "The Anglo-Japanese Alliance: The Diplomacy of Two Island Empires 1894-1907." Journal of Japanese Studies 12, no. 2 (1986): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/132400.

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Williams, Caroline A. "Living Between Empires: Diplomacy and Politics in the Late Eighteenth-Century Mosquitia." Americas 70, no. 02 (2013): 237–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500003230.

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In June 1787, Lieutenant Colonel Gabriel de Hervías, on behalf of the Spanish crown, took possession from Major James Lawrie of the small British settlement of Black River (Río Tinto), marking the formal end of three decades of diplomatic wrangling over the existence of the British Superintendency over the Mosquito Shore (1748 to 1787). Within three years of Lawrie's departure, along with that of 537 British settlers and 1,677 slaves, the narrow stretch of territory extending along the Atlantic coasts of Honduras and Nicaragua and known to the Spanish as costa de mosquitos was engulfed in viol

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Williams, Caroline A. "Living Between Empires: Diplomacy and Politics in the Late Eighteenth-Century Mosquitia." Americas 70, no. 2 (2013): 237–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2013.0116.

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In June 1787, Lieutenant Colonel Gabriel de Hervías, on behalf of the Spanish crown, took possession from Major James Lawrie of the small British settlement of Black River (Río Tinto), marking the formal end of three decades of diplomatic wrangling over the existence of the British Superintendency over the Mosquito Shore (1748 to 1787). Within three years of Lawrie's departure, along with that of 537 British settlers and 1,677 slaves, the narrow stretch of territory extending along the Atlantic coasts of Honduras and Nicaragua and known to the Spanish as costa de mosquitos was engulfed in viol

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15

Lorenz, Fredrick Walter. "A Mobile Boundary: Empires, Nomads, and Refugees between Tripolitania and Tunisia." Mashriq & Mahjar: Journal of Middle East & North African Migration Studies 12, no. 2 (2025): 28–56. https://doi.org/10.24847/v12i22025.614.

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This article introduces the concept of a “mobile boundary” in the context of North Africa from 1881 to 1893, when various non-state actors resisted French and Ottoman attempts to delineate an official border between Tripolitania and Tunisia. By focusing on the activities of nomadic, tribal, and refugee populations, this study explores how these groups created a mobile boundary, one defined by their fluid mobility and identities and challenges to imperial conceptions of fixed borders. It challenges prevailing narratives on the making of the Tripolitania-Tunisia border that emphasize the cartogr

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Smiley, Will. "Let whose people go? Subjecthood, sovereignty, liberation, and legalism in eighteenth-century Russo-Ottoman relations." Turkish Historical Review 3, no. 2 (2012): 196–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462x00302006.

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This article considers the relationship between law, diplomacy, and identity in delineating slavery and freedom in the Black Sea imperial milieu. Examining the release processes for captives which followed each of the many wars between the Ottoman and Russian empires in the eighteenth century, I argue that these matters were increasingly handled according to written and unwritten legal understandings, rather than through ransoms or threats. The two empires agreed that the Ottoman state would set free enslaved Russian subjects, even those in private hands, but also that the Russians would not d

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Lisimo Alingi, Agustin. "Efficacité de la diplomatie en période précoloniale et règlementation des conflits Rwando-Congolais : Essai des pistes de solution." Revue Congolaise des Sciences & Technologies 2, no. 4 (2022): 524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.59228/rcst.023.v2.i4.59.

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Les pratiques de la diplomatie sont plus anciennes que la pénétration coloniale en Afrique, particulièrement en République Démocratique du Congo. Elles se sont manifestées à travers les grands ensembles notamment les empires et les royaumes. Ces pratiques ont été remarquables dans les relations amicales des empires Lunda, Luba et des royaumes Kongo et Kuba pour ne citer que ceux-là. Ils ont été au centre de tout un réseau des relations diplomatiques. Ainsi, l’Egypte pharaonique, selon Edmond Jouves, ne vivait pas en vase clos. Il entretenait des rapports avec d’autres Etats. Dans la même optiq

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18

Coleman, James K. "Books of Islands ( Isolari ) and Information Networks between Venice and the Ottoman Empire: The Case of Tommaso Porcacchi's L'isole più famose del mondo." MLN 139, no. 1 (2024): 60–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mln.2024.a930286.

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Abstract: This essay examines the role that isolari (books of islands) played in networks of information exchange and diplomacy at the interface of the Venetian and Ottoman Empires, focusing on Tommaso Porcacchi's L'isole più famose del mondo , first published in 1572 and updated in 1576 in response to shifting political realities in the Mediterranean. The book found a key readership among diplomatic travelers, as this essay will show by documenting how one such traveler – Livio Cellini – drew from Porcacchi's isolario directly (without acknowledging his source) in his account of the Venetian

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19

Nicoleta, Roman. "Iordache Filipescu, the 'last great boyar' of Wallachia and his heritage: a world of power, influence and goods." Cromohs. Cyber Review of Modern Historiography Vol 21 (2017-2018) (January 8, 2019): 106–22. https://doi.org/10.13128/Cromohs-24551.

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This study explores the manner in which two competing empires, the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, acted through material culture and diplomacy to strengthen their influence in a territory lying at the periphery of Europe. To this end, the distribution, rhetoric and perception of teh awarding of decorations is analysed, starting from the case of the great Romanian boyar Iordache Filipescu. Wallachia, an Ottoman province under Russian protectorate, in what is today south-eastern Romania, was at a moment of transition on the political level. Attracting loyalties and creating local action

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Shukurov, Rustam. "STUDY OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS OF THE BUKHARA EMIRATE IN MODERN RUSSIAN HISTORIORGRAPHY." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 4 (2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-4-10.

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The article presents the scientific conclusions of modern historiographic research on the history of diplomatic relations of the Bukhara Emirate. The object of the research is the analysis of the history of the activities of Alexander Burns, who carried out a diplomatic mission in Central Asia in the first quarter of the 19th century. The history of the diplomatic missions of the Russian and British empires in relation to the Bukhara Emirate is highlighted. Although most of the research on the history of the Bukhara Emirate has been carried out by historians from Uzbekistan, Russia and Tajikis

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Escribano-Páez, Jose M. "Diplomatic Gifts, Tributes and Frontier Violence: Circulation of Contentious Presents in the Moluccas (1575–1606)." Diplomatica 2, no. 2 (2020): 248–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891774-02020004.

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Abstract A crucial asset for cross-cultural communication during the early modern period, diplomatic gifts have been traditionally associated with courtly diplomacy and peaceful encounters. However, recent scholarship on this topic has emphasized how gifts can reveal bitter political rivalries and asymmetries of power. Building on this line of inquiry, this article explores the complex roles of gifts in the dynamics of cross-cultural violence on the frontiers of the Iberian empires in Southeast Asia. Through the examination of a wide array of sources, I aim to show how gift-giving turned into

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Hazir, Ediz. "Bridging Faiths and Empires: The Assumptionists and the Mission d’Orient (1863–1923)." Religions 14, no. 9 (2023): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14091183.

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This paper examines the Assumptionists’ mission, known as the Mission d’Orient, initiated in 1862 with the aim of uniting the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches against the backdrop of a changing political and religious landscape. Despite their aspirations, the mission encountered numerous challenges and obstacles, leading to its ultimate failure. The paper focuses on the Ottoman response to Roman Catholic missions, using the Assumptionists as a case study. It explores the factors contributing to the Mission d’Orient’s failure and scrutinizes the Assumptionists’ efforts to foster unity betwe

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KALMAN, JULIE. "COMPETITIVE IMPERIALISM IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY MEDITERRANEAN." Historical Journal 63, no. 5 (2020): 1160–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x20000096.

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AbstractHistorians of empire are well aware of the importance of finding moments and spaces of connectedness between empires. The question of how to do so meaningfully remains open. This article brings to light a significant moment of imperial connectedness, through imperial contest. It tells the story of the humiliating expulsion of the British consul John Falcon from the strategic Mediterranean port of Algiers, during the Napoleonic wars. Both France and Britain sought to establish an informal imperial presence in the regency of Algiers, for access to the grain that both needed – France for

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ALAVI, SEEMA. "‘Fugitive Mullahs and Outlawed Fanatics’: Indian Muslims in nineteenth century trans-Asiatic Imperial Rivalries." Modern Asian Studies 45, no. 6 (2011): 1337–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000266.

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AbstractThis paper follows the careers of ‘outlawed’ Indian Muslim subjects who moved outside the geographical and political space of British India and located themselves at the intersection of nineteenth century trans-Asiatic politics: Hijaz, Istanbul and the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire, and Burma and Acheh in the East. These areas were sites where ‘modern’ Empires (British, Dutch, Ottoman and Russian) coalesced to lay out a trans-Asiatic imperial assemblage. The paper shows how Muslim ‘outlaws’ made careers and carved out their transnational networks by moving across the imperial as

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Atçıl, Zahit. "Warfare as a Tool of Diplomacy: Background of the First Ottoman-Safavid Treaty in 1555." Turkish Historical Review 10, no. 1 (2019): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-01001006.

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The Amasya Treaty (1555) ended a half-century of Ottoman-Safavid military and ideological rivalry during the sixteenth century. My paper focuses on why the Ottoman and Safavid empires made this treaty despite a long-standing ideological and political divide. It has been widely held that the Safavids could not afford such a costly rivalry and, tired of the Ottoman military campaigns, they pleaded with the Ottomans to make peace. Based on my comparative research in Ottoman, Persian, and European sources, I find that this narrative misses many essential points and omits certain historical facts j

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Carvalho, Francismar Alex Lopes de. "Formal and Informal Alliances between Iberians and Natives in the Heart of Late Eighteenth-Century South America." Ethnohistory 70, no. 1 (2023): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-10117282.

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Abstract For decades, historiography on the Iberian empires has suggested that peace treaties between Europeans and autonomous Native groups incorporated both Indigenous “nations,” understood as cohesive units, and Native lands into the monarchy. Drawing on extensive archival evidence and recent borderlands scholarship, this article suggests that written agreements had a limited impact on interethnic frontier relations. First, because informal relations shaped by Indigenous patterns of diplomacy were far more important to the success of alliances. Second, because alliances were often made with

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Padrón, Ricardo. "(Dis)Connected Empires: Imperial Portugal, Sri Lankan Diplomacy, and the Making of a Habsburg Conquest in Asia." AAG Review of Books 8, no. 3 (2020): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2325548x.2020.1760634.

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Rybar, Lukas. "Habsburg-Safavid Diplomacy: Nicholas von Warkotsch and Haji Khosrow in Moscow." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 4 (2021): 1132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.406.

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During the 16th century, several European states were regularly engaged in forming an anti- Ottoman alliance. The goal was to cooperate in the elimination of the Ottoman power and expansion in Europe. In addition, traditional European members of the anti-Ottoman league (the Papal State, the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs, the Venetian Republic) were counting on the help of the Eastern empires such as the Tsardom of Muscovy (Russia) and the Safavid Persia. In connection with this policy, Habsburg-Safavid diplomatic relations continued to develop. In the second half of the 1580s and 1590s, the T

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Dugal, Alexandria. "Transnational Community Building through Women and Girls: Constructing an Intergenerational Girls’ Mission School Network Across Borders in 1920s and 1930s Japan." Journal of Women's History 36, no. 3 (2024): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2024.a935703.

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Abstract: This article illuminates how and why students, graduates, and educators of the Tōyō Eiwa Jogakkō girls’ mission school network developed a transnational community in 1920s and 1930s Japan. It reveals the methods through which Japanese and Western women and girls created links to the wider world across nations and empires to build connections and knowledge in a turbulent and nationalistic time. Using a transnational approach to examine the activities of actors generally not viewed as engaging in internationalism reveals networking and ideas that did not necessarily align with period s

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Dharamsare, Dr Luleshwar C. "Educational Policy and Activities of East India Company (1600-1765)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 7 (2024): 1417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63778.

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Abstract: The 19th century witnessed a profound transformation in the political landscape of many regions, characterized by the rise of nationalism and the subsequent formation of nation-states. This research work delves into the historical context, key drivers, and consequences of this significant historical phenomenon. The research offers light on a crucial time in global history by investigating the causes of nationalism and its effects on the formation of nation-states. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research draws from historical, political, and sociocultural perspectives to

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Sinichenko, Vladimir V. "Diplomatic conflict between the United States and Russia during World War I in the case of Charles Moser, American Consul in Harbin, based on documents from the archives of the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2025): 67–82. https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2025-1-67-82.

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The article describes the diplomatic conflict between the United States and Russia during World War I in the case of the American consul in Harbin Charles Moser on the basis of documents from the funds of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI, Moscow). The work uses the historical-systemic method based on the principles of historicism, which allowed us to come to the conclusion that American diplomacy since World War I has been based on the priority of American interests rather than the common interests of political coalition partners. The basis for the study was the lack

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Matza, Tomas. "Emotional warfare? Track two diplomacy and the emotionalisation of the Cold War." Emotions and Society 3, no. 1 (2021): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/263169021x16139626796572.

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This article discusses a series of US citizen exchanges to the USSR that were termed track two, or citizen, diplomacy. The track two model was meant to address the freeze in high-level diplomatic engagements at a time of heightening tensions between rivals. Intriguingly, track two diplomacy was explicitly emotionalised – that is, linked to a psychologically informed approach to conflict resolution and contact. I focus on two sets of diplomatic delegations – those co-organised by the Esalen Institute and the Association for Humanistic Psychology, as well as grassroots citizen exchanges. Of part

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Phillips, Andrew. "Contesting the Confucian peace: Civilization, barbarism and international hierarchy in East Asia." European Journal of International Relations 24, no. 4 (2017): 740–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066117716265.

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International Relations scholars have turned to China’s tributary system to broaden our understanding of international systems beyond the ‘states-under-anarchy’ model derived from European history. This scholarship forms the inspiration and foil for this article, which refines International Relations scholars’ conceptualizations of how international hierarchy arose and endured in East Asia during the Manchu Qing Dynasty — China’s last and most territorially expansive imperial dynasty. I argue that existing conceptions of East Asian hierarchy overstate the importance of mutual identification be

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MOHD, TAHIR. "COLONIAL TRANSLATIONS AND REORIENTATION OF PERSIAN HISTORICAL TEXTS FROM 1773 TO 1793 A.D." Electronic International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (EIIRJ) 10, no. 4 (2021): 10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567355.

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Translation of Indian literary works, written in indigenous languages, into the language of the colonizers was one of the most crucial and highly supported mechanisms throughout the whole process of western colonialism and imperialism. Among all, the translations and transformation of Indian historical texts was most pivotal and significant. After being translated into English Parisian histories became more accessible and useful for the English administration in India. These works contain the records of empires and rulers who ruled over this vast and diverse land of the Indian subcontinent. Th

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Chakravarti, Ananya. "Zoltán Biedermann. (Dis)connected Empires: Imperial Portugal, Sri Lankan Diplomacy, and the Making of a Habsburg Conquest in Asia." American Historical Review 126, no. 2 (2021): 781–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhab311.

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Escribano Páez, José Miguel. "Negotiating with the “Infidel”: Imperial Expansion and Cross-Confessional Diplomacy in the Early Modern Maghreb (1492–1516)." Itinerario 40, no. 2 (2016): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115316000310.

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This article analyses the influence of confessional divides in the construction of a Mediterranean frontier between the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb at the very beginning of the early modern period. Questioning the influence that religious difference had on the geopolitics of the early modern Mediterranean could seem superfluous since historians have traditionally depicted the Mediterranean world as a space of confrontation between two confessional empires, the Ottoman and the Habsburg. Nevertheless, by focusing on a selection of diplomatic negotiations from the Western Mediterranean it a

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Ágoas, Frederico. "Transimperial Sociology: A Peripheral Dictatorship at the Centre of Late Colonial Social-Scientific Cooperation Between Empires." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 18, no. 2 (2024): 74–99. https://doi.org/10.2478/host-2024-0014.

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Abstract This text presents a thick description of Portuguese colonial science policy and diplomacy during the era of decolonization with a focus on the social sciences. By examining archival materials from institutions responsible for monitoring Portuguese participation in transimperial organizations for scientific cooperation, it elucidates social-scientific initiatives within the empire and the epistemic and institutional motivations that shaped them, while also providing insight into how these forums interacted across global and imperial contexts. In doing so, the article illuminates the f

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Ferreira, Susannah. "(Dis)connected Empires: Imperial Portugal, Sri Lankan Diplomacy, and the Making of a Hapsburg Conquest in Asia by Zoltán Biedermann." Journal of World History 32, no. 1 (2021): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0009.

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Ospanova, Akmaral, and Baglan Shorayev. "TURNING ISTANBUL INTO A MAIN TRANSIT DURING A PILGRIMAGE (THE XIXth AND EARLY XXth CENTURIES)." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 11, no. 3 (2024): 296–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2024.3.296.

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The article examines the history of Kazakh pilgrimage and religious ties between the Ottoman Empire and Turkestan. The end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries were a very important period in terms of political, diplomatic and cultural relations. During this period, the number of pilgrims among the Kazakh population increased. The study examines the factors influencing this historical situation and the reasons for the mass pilgrimage of the Kazakhs. The purpose of the study. Introduction into scientific circulation of religious and cultural ties between the Ottoman Empire and th

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Aldrich, George H., and Christine M. Chinkin. "A Century of Achievement and Unfinished Work." American Journal of International Law 94, no. 1 (2000): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555233.

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The Hague Conferences that produced the Conventions of 1899 and 1907 closed the nineteenth century and opened the twentieth. They established an agenda for negotiation, in the parliamentary-diplomatic mode, for the next hundred years; elevated the development of mechanisms of dispute resolution to new prominence; tried to order many areas of armed conflict with new international law; and, perhaps unintentionally, set parameters for the future diplomacy of international conferences.Subsequent international lawmaking efforts grappled with many of the themes debated at The Hague, even as the poli

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Jankevičiūtė, Giedrė. "State Strategy of International Art Exhibitions in Interwar Lithuania 1918–1940." Arts 13, no. 1 (2024): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13010019.

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The Republic of Lithuania was one of several young nation-states that re-established or proclaimed their statehood in the aftermath of the First World War, following the dissolution of empires in Europe. The quest for cultural identity and attempts at its representation within the country, in the region, and on the international stage was the crucial element in the nation-building process, where cultural diplomacy played a pivotal role. For Lithuania, as for most European countries of that era, exhibitions, especially art exhibitions or art sections in the case of world shows (for instance, th

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Yousif, Ashoor. "Churchmen and Statesmen: Christian Ecclesiastical Embassies and Diplomacy for Non-Christian Empires during Late Antiquity and Medieval Period (4th–14th centuries)." Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies 20, no. 1 (2020): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/jcsss-2020-200104.

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Setzekorn, Eric. "“Military Engagement with a Responsible Stakeholder: The Taft Administration and Qing Imperial China”." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 25, no. 1 (2018): 60–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02501004.

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In the early 20th Century, the Taft administration and the Qing Empire developed a working relationship that went beyond transactional “Dollar Diplomacy” to include military engagement. Military and official visits, arms contracts, and opportunities for military education signaled a shift away from both President Theodore Roosevelt’s pro-Japanese policies and the Qing Empire’s isolation from the international order. The massacre of over three hundred Chinese at Torreon, Mexico in May 1911 inadvertently assisted this rapprochement, which presented the Qing Dynasty with an opportunity to demonst

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Pan, Yihong. "Locating Advantages." T’oung Pao 99, no. 4-5 (2013): 268–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-9945p0002.

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Among all the states that emerged during the Period of Division in China, the Särbi (Ch. Xianbei) Tuyuhun kingdom was the longest lasting. Why was it able to keep its ethnic and political identity for so long? Tuyuhun’s geographical location and ecological conditions in the northeast section of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau benefited the state in several ways. They enabled the development of a multi-ethnic power with a self-sufficient mixed economy. Its distance from major powers in North and South China and on the Mongolian steppe protected Tuyuhun from annexation and offered it space to develo

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Лібрук-Ліпкевич, С.Я. "ДЕРЖАВОТВОРЧА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ УНР". Академічні візії, № 2 (24 грудня 2021): 61–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5817201.

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The article describes the state-building activity of the Ukrainian People's Republic against the background of the introduction of its diplomacy in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. At the same time, the process of forming the executive diplomatic body of the Ukrainian People's Republic - the General Secretariat for International Affairs - is covered. The article highlights how during the rule of the Central Council of the Ukrainian People's Republic, it established diplomatic relations with leading countries of the world, in particular, Great Britain and France. At the sam

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Huffman, Joseph P. "The Donation of Zeno: St. Barnabas and the Modern History of the Cypriot Archbishop's Regalia Privileges." Church History 84, no. 4 (2015): 713–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000964071500092x.

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Modern church historians have roundly accepted the ancient pedigree of imperial regalia privileges exercised by the archbishops of Cyprus, yet new research has shown that their origins are actually to be found in the mid-sixteenth century and within a decidedly western intellectual and ecclesial orbit. This article builds on such findings by documenting the modern history of these privileges and their relationship to the emerging political role of the archbishops of Cyprus as ethnarchs as well as archbishops of the Cypriot community under both Ottoman and British empires. Travelling across the

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Dharamsare, Dr Luleshwar C. "Impact of Britishs East India Company on Indian Education Policy." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (2024): 2639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59437.

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Abstract: The 19th century witnessed a profound transformation in the political landscape of many regions, characterized by the rise of nationalism and the subsequent formation of nation-states. This research work delves into the historical context, key drivers, and consequences of this significant historical phenomenon. The research offers light on a crucial time in global history by investigating the causes of nationalism and its effects on the formation of nation-state.Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research draws from historical, political, and sociocultural perspectives to an

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LIVTSOV, V. A., and S. P. FEDOTOV. "PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOLY LAND IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN CHURCH AND THE ANGLICANS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 13, no. 4 (2024): 88–100. https://doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2024-13-4-88-100.

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The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the development of pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the context of the dialogue between the Russian Church and the Anglicans in the second half of the 19th century. This process was inextricably linked with the diplomatic relations of the Russian Empire and Great Britain. In the 19th century, the territory of Central Asia and the Middle East attracted the attention of Russia and England. In addition to diplomatic methods of expanding the sphere of influence in this region, missionary work was also used. The problem of the article is to

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Markus, KÖHBACH, and Yılmaz AKBULUT Mehmet. "Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Avusturya arasındaki Diplomatik Münasebetler (Zitvatorok Barışı'ndan Birinci Dünya Savaşına Kadar)." Kadim, no. 2 (October 15, 2021): 147–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628247.

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This article of Viennese Ottomanist Markus Köhbach, published first in German in the Osmanlı Araştırmaları Dergisi [Journal of Ottoman Studies] describes how the Ottoman-Habsburg relations were shaped between the sixteenth and the twentieth centuries and what were the milestones of this relationship focusing on the diplomatic aspects. It stands as a short guide covering political, military, and diplomatic actions between these early-modern multinational empires and offering a framework for future monographies of this relationship. Moreover, it defines some diplomacy mechanisms in the earl

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Vale, Peter. "Revealing All? The Troubled Times of South Africa’s Diplomacy." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 7, no. 3 (2012): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119112x642953.

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Summary This article reviews a trilogy of memoirs written by diplomats who served South Africa’s apartheid government. It explores the ‘communication’ versus ‘representative’ function of diplomacy and sets this in the context of a pariah state, as apartheid South Africa once was. It suggests that all diplomats who served under apartheid were complicit in that system. The article also looks towards the role that the idea of the international setting played in the formation of a southern African state system. This is viewed again the backdrop of Britain’s fading empire. This explains how South A

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