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Books on the topic 'Empirical criteria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Sheorey, P. R. Empirical rock failure criteria. A.A. Balkema, 1997.

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2

Swackhamer, Deborah Liebl. SAB review of Empirical approaches for nutrient criteria derivation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Administrator, Science Advisory Board, 2010.

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3

Artis, M. J. On identifying the core of EMU: An exploration of some empirical criteria. European University Institute. Robert Schuman Centre, 1997.

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4

Artis, M. J. On identifying the core of EMU: An exploration of some empirical criteria. Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1997.

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5

Hallett, Andrew Hughes. Fiscal deficit reductions in line with the Maastricht criteria for monetary union: An empirical analysis. Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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6

Pelletier, G. J. Applying metals criteria to water quality-based discharge limits: Empirical models of the dissolved fraction of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc. Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, Watershed Assessment Section, 1996.

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7

Hvostova, Irina, Aleksey Makarov, and Aleksandr Larin. Non-financial factors in the formation of the company's financial policy: composition, structure, relationships. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1080130.

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When implementing the financial policy of the Corporation, the object of attention of owners and managers is increasingly becoming non-financial indicators of the development of modern companies, such as corporate governance characteristics, socio-economic and environmental indicators. Without denying the need to calculate and analyze financial and economic criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of financial policy, the authors of the monograph describe and systematize the composition and structure of non-financial factors of financial policy, based on the theory of Agency relations and the

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8

Bunov, Egor. Social efficiency of internal affairs bodies. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1243771.

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The monograph contains a theoretical analysis of the social effectiveness of the internal affairs bodies as the degree of satisfaction of the population with the quality of law enforcement activities to protect their interests, rights and freedoms. The results of a multidimensional analysis of empirical studies of the influence of macro - and microsocial factors on the effectiveness of interaction between the population and law enforcement agencies are presented. The article substantiates the criteria for social assessment of the activities of the internal affairs bodies, the use of which allo

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9

Terehin, Valeriy, and Viktor Chernyshov. Efficiency and effectiveness of the penitentiary system: assessment and planning. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079434.

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The issues of setting goals, planning and forming a system of indicators of the effectiveness and efficiency of the penal system are considered. The criteria for determining the goals-tasks that are adequate to the public goals of the system are justified. Quantitative indicators corresponding to the criteria were developed, based on the contribution of the criminal justice System to reducing the socio-economic losses of society from recidivism. The contribution of the system is determined by changes in the criminal potential of convicted persons during the period of serving a sentence under a

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10

1977-, Chen Wei, and Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science., eds. An empirical study of the effects of incorporating fault exposure potential estimates into a test data adequacy criterion. Oregon State University, Dept. of Computer Science, 2000.

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1977-, Chen Wei, and Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science., eds. An empirical study of the effects of incorporating fault exposure potential estimates into a test data adequacy criterion. Oregon State University, Dept. of Computer Science, 2000.

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12

Weathers, Frank W. DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0002.

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The diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have evolved substantially since the disorder was introduced in DSM-III. The latest revision for DSM-5 involved several notable changes, including moving PTSD to a new chapter of trauma- and stressor-related disorders, reconceptualizing the stressor criterion, expanding from three to four symptom clusters, adding three new symptoms and revising others, adding a dissociative subtype, and creating separate criteria for children six years and younger. This chapter traces the evolution of the PTSD criteria and describes the DSM-5 cri

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13

Sevier, Mia, Leah Brew, and Jean C. Yi. Cultural Considerations in Evidence-Based Couple Therapy. Edited by Erika Lawrence and Kieran T. Sullivan. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199783267.013.002.

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This chapter considers issues of culture in couple therapy while examining the current movement toward empirically supported therapies (ESTs). Culture is distinguished from the related but distinct concepts of race, ethnicity, and nationality, and the value of studying culture directly is discussed. Several concerns and criticisms of empirically supported therapy criteria related to diverse couples are presented including a lack of inclusion in studies, the valuing of internal over external validity, and unexamined assumptions of universality. Cultural assumptions behind evidence-based treatme

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14

Fields, Gary S. Employment and Development. Edited by Janneke Pieters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815501.001.0001.

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The world is plagued by a plethora of economic problems, which is why economics is sometimes called “the dismal science”. Two of these problems are at the core of this volume. One is the huge extent of global poverty: Three billion poor people are nearly half of humanity. The second challenge highlighted in this book is the global employment (not: unemployment) problem. Although there are 200 million people in the world who are unemployed using standard international definitions, a much larger number – 900 million – are working poor. Gary S. Fields tries to answer two “big questions”: Who bene

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Griesemer, James. Individuation of Developmental Systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636814.003.0007.

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The author views concepts of individuality and associated individuation criteria, as used in the sciences, as scientific-theoretical concepts that can have different, even conflicting meanings in different theoretical contexts. Focusing on biological individuality in evolutionary contexts, he argues that despite the variety of usage, evolutionary contexts typically involve two senses of process-relativity depending on (1) empirical processes taken to be operating in the world that humans talk about, try to understand, predict, explain, or control; and (2) tracking processes that humans perform

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Gordon, Kathryn H., Jill M. Holm-Denoma, Valerie J. Douglas, Ross Crosby, and Stephen A. Wonderlich. The Classification of Eating Disorders. Edited by W. Stewart Agras and Athena Robinson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.1.

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The purpose of this chapter is to elucidate the key issues regarding the classification of eating disorders. To this end, a review of nosological research in the area of eating disorders is presented, with a particular focus on empirically based techniques such as taxometric analysis, latent class analysis, and factor mixture modeling. This is followed by a section outlining areas of overlap between the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition (DSM-5) eating disorder categories and their symptoms. Next, eating disorder classification models that are alternati

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Al-Yagon, Michal, and Malka Margalit. Hope and Coping in Individuals with Specific Learning Disorder. Edited by Matthew W. Gallagher and Shane J. Lopez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.29.

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This chapter reviews and integrates empirical findings regarding hope as a major personal resource among individuals with specific learning disorder (SLD). First, it describes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition; DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for SLD and briefly illustrates the major difficulties that individuals with SLD may experience in the academic, social, emotional, and behavioral domains. Next, it presents an overview of the empirical literature regarding hope as reported by children and adolescents with SLD in different age groups and its relations wit

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18

Haq, Khadija, ed. United Nations’ Role in Human Development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474684.003.0021.

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In this chapter, Haq envisages the role of the UN in promoting the notion of human development in the world and specifies key areas of action for realizing this. These include publication of annual Human Development Reports, undertaking country missions with focus on human development priorities, and collection of standardized and comparable data on social indicators. He also advised the UN system to support in-depth empirical research in areas of human development as well as changing the pattern of technical assistance, establishment of regional level human development centres and the inclusi

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Bolin, Niklas, Nicholas Aylott, Benjamin von dem Berge, and Thomas Poguntke. Patterns of Intra-Party Democracy across the World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758631.003.0007.

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Despite the widespread recognition of the relevance of intra-party democracy (IPD), there has been a lamentable scarcity of empirical data suitable for large-N cross-sectional comparative analysis. This has changed with the Political Party Database Project (PPDB) project. Against this background this chapter sheds some light on questions about whether and how IPD varies systematically by country and party level criteria. The empirical analysis shows that country-level factors are generally more important than party-level factors. Most importantly, the existence of a party law and levels of tru

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Erdos, David. European Data Protection Regulation, Journalism, and Traditional Publishers. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841982.001.0001.

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This book explores the interface between European data protection and the freedom of expression activities of traditional journalism, professional artists, and both academic and non-academic writers from both an empirical and normative perspective. It draws on an exhaustive examination of both historical and contemporary public domain material and a comprehensive questionnaire of European Data Protection Authorities (DPAs). Empirically it is found that, notwithstanding an often confusing statutory landscape, DPAs have sought to develop an approach to regulating the journalistic media based on

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21

Nyman, Jonna. Understanding Energy (In)security. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820444.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 introduces the theoretical framework of the book. It examines the concept of energy security, problematizing the notion of ‘security’. It then turns to address the question of what it means to understand energy as a security issue, examining the existing debate and the lack of progress in analysing the ethics of security. Drawing on pragmatism and the practice turn, it argues that rather than developing abstract theoretical criteria for judging when security is ‘good’ or ‘bad’, we need to study how security works in empirical contexts. Thus, it argues that energy security practices h

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22

Massimini, Marcello, and Giulio Tononi. Inferring Consciousness Out There. Translated by Frances Anderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728443.003.0008.

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This chapter describes a preliminary exploration in search of criteria for consciousness in the biological and physical world beyond the human skull, including dolphins, octopuses, parrots, bees, and computers. It argues that assessing the complexity of behavior and measuring the size of the brain may not provide a reliable estimate in animals. Likewise, it explains why some artificial systems, such as such as feed-forward deep learning networks, that are composed by many elements and that perform incredible feats, may not be conscious. Finally, it suggests that in the future precise empirical

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23

Laureno, Robert. Treatment. Edited by Robert Laureno. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607166.003.0004.

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This chapter on “Treatment” examines the roles of evidence-based medicine and empirical evidence, including systematic reviews and therapeutic guidelines. The two ultimate goals of treatment are emphasized: to treat the disease and to treat the patient. How the neurologist can successfully structure treatment toward these goals is of paramount importance. The use of published criteria, randomized controlled studies, and trial-and-error in the selection of appropriate treatment are discussed, as well as the pitfalls of relying too heavily on statistical significance. The costs versus benefits o

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24

Chaisty, Paul, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power. Coalitional Presidentialism in Cross-Regional Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817208.003.0002.

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This chapter introduces the three regions—sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Former Soviet Union—and the nine countries—Armenia, Benin, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Kenya, Malawi, Russia, and Ukraine—that provide the empirical material for the book. It introduces the two criteria used for case selection: 1) democratic competitiveness; 2) de jure and de facto constitutional provisions that empower presidents to be coalitional formateurs. It also introduces a variable that measures the salience of cross-party cooperation: the Index of Coalitional Necessity. Finally, it sketches the political

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25

Nickel, James W. Assigning Functions to Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713258.003.0009.

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Theorists who assign functions to human rights often simply announce them as if they were obvious. Assigning a defining or typical function to a concept, artefact, or practice is not a straightforward empirical matter. It requires observation of uses and products, but also requires judgements of centrality and importance and uses selection criteria that can conflict. The first section of this chapter analyses the assignment of functions to artefacts, concepts, and practices and identifies some key methodological issues. The two following sections explore those methodological issues in the work

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Champigneulle, Benoit, and Frédéric Pène. Pathophysiology and management of neutropenia in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0274.

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Neutropenia is defined by an absolute neutrophil count <500 per mm3. Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression represents the main mechanism accounting for neutropenia, although various bone marrow disorders might also result in impaired granulopoiesis. Neutropenia, especially when profound and prolonged, is a major risk factor for severe bacterial and fungal infections. Early initiation of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy represents the cornerstone of the treatment of febrile neutropenia. A number of infected neutropenic patients may exhibit organ failures, such as acute respiratory

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27

Poland, Jeffrey, and Barbara Von Eckardt. Mapping the Domain of Mental Illness. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, et al. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0044.

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We argue that dominant research approaches concerning mental illness, which are centered on traditional categories of psychiatric classification as codified in the DSM-IV, have serious empirical, conceptual, and foundational problems. These problems have led to a classification scheme and body of research findings that provide a very poor map of the domain of mental illness, a map that, in turn, undermines clinical and research pursuits. We discuss some current efforts to respond to these problems and argue that the DSM-5 revision process is not very promising, whereas the NIMH Research Domain

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Tzilos, Golfo, Kristina Davis, and Caron Zlotnick. Prevention of Postpartum Psychopathology. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.29.

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Approximately 26% of postpartum women meet diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Untreated psychopathology in the postpartum period is associated with a range of adverse outcomes for both infant and mother. Fortunately, the perinatal period provides an opportune time to intervene with and prevent postpartum psychopathology. Women have increased contact with health care providers during this time, providing an avenue through which access to prevention can be improved. Furthermore, with increased knowledge to identify high-risk women, preventive interventions can be delivered to assist

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Cho, Jeasik. Practical Evaluation Tools and Uses. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199330010.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses a number of practical evaluation tools used by qualitative research journals. First, the chapter discusses the American Educational Research Association’s “Standards for Reporting on Empirical Social Science Research,” which emphasizes warrantability and transparency. Second, many ideas on reviewing qualitative research are briefly presented. Third, current qualitative research journals that use and those that do not use specific evaluation tools are discussed. The reasons why some journal editors do not use such specific evaluation tools are identified: trust, freedom,

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DelCarmen-Wiggins, Rebecca, and Alice S. Carter, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Infant, Toddler, and Preschool Mental Health Assessment. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199837182.001.0001.

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The fully revised and updated Handbook of Infant, Toddler, and Preschool Mental Health Assessment remains the first clinically-informative, research-based reference for those seeking to understand and assess mental health in infants and young children. It describes the latest empirical research on measures and methods of infant and young child assessment and provides clinically applicable information for those seeking to stay apprised of the latest empirical research on measures and procedures in early assessment. Through authoritative examination by leading developmental and clinical scholars

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Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., and Charles Glisson. The Impact of ARC in Human Service Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0005.

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This chapter describes empirical support for the ARC model from multiple randomized controlled trials. These trials describe the effects of ARC on organizational culture and climate, organizational priorities, clinicians’ work attitudes, clinicians’ evidence-based practice behaviors, and most importantly, client outcomes. Both the ARC model and the validity of the OSC measurement system are also supported by a number of non-experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Collectively, these studies describe linkages with OSC and related criteria using regional and nationwide samples that are fund

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Chalabi, Azadeh. A Cross-Case Analysis of NHRAPs of Fifty-Three Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822844.003.0006.

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Part III, ‘Empirical Perspectives’, contains only one chapter, Chapter 5, which presents the results of a cross-case analysis of national human rights action plans of fifty-three countries. Adopting a purposive sampling technique, these countries are selected on the basis of four main criteria, namely human rights record, geographical diversity, political regimes, and cultural diversity. This comprehensive cross-case study follows two objectives. The first objective of this chapter is to unearth significant problems in the ‘pre-phase’ and the four phases of planning, namely ‘preparatory phase’

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Soest, Christian von, and Alexander Stroh. Comparisons across World Regions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846374.003.0004.

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Scholars often pay insufficient attention to bridging the research divide between different world regions. The authors argue that structured qualitative comparisons across world regions offer a sound middle ground for the integration of universal approaches and context knowledge. The chapter puts forward suggestions about how to deal with challenges in cross-area comparisons at the conceptual, methodological, and practical level. First, scholars should integrate region-centered academic discourses to foster conceptual advancement and empirical research, thereby overcoming the restricted horizo

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Zelinsky, Edward A. Untangling Entanglement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853952.003.0005.

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This chapter begins the transition from empirical to normative concerns, explaining and evaluating the diverse pattern of taxing and exempting churches and other religious institutions. Entanglement concerns help to explain this diversity. This chapter identifies which taxes carry the greatest (and least) threat of church-state entanglement. It also discusses why entanglement should be an important consideration when deciding to tax or exempt religious institutions. Either taxing or exempting churches and sectarian entities involves entanglement. Central to this discussion are such tax policy

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Wenzel, Amy, and Deborah Kim. Psychopharmacology in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.21.

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A substantial minority of pregnant and lactating women meet criteria for one or more mental health disorders and, in many of these cases, treatment with psychotropic medication is indicated. Data from empirical studies on psychopharmacology using antidepressant medications for perinatal women suggest that the risk-benefit ratio is favorable, although their usage during pregnancy is associated with a slight increase in risk of spontaneous abortion, cardiac malformations (specifically with paroxetine), preterm birth, and poor neonatal adaptation syndrome. However, these risks should be contraste

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Braginsky, O. B., G. M. Tatevosyan, S. V. Sedova, and R. Sh Magomedov. The economic mechanism of development programs: the interaction of economic instruments. CEMI RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/978-5-8211-0787-9.

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The preprint presents the economic mechanism of investment programs and analyzes its components: specific indicators for evaluating the investment part of developmental programs are proposed; a specific pricing for products manufactured as a result of the implementation of investment projects; a system of financing developmental programs based on the optimal ratio of budget funds, reinvested profits and credit. The empirical base of the study is made up of materials from the petrochemical complex. In this regard, the world trends in the development of petrochemical chemistry and the situation

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Wulf, Volker, Volkmar Pipek, David Randall, Markus Rohde, Kjeld Schmidt, and Gunnar Stevens, eds. Socio-Informatics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.001.0001.

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The last 25 years have seen a small revolution in our approach to the understanding of new technology and information systems. It has become a founding assumption of computer-supported cooperative work and human–computer interaction that in the future, if not already, most computer applications will be socially embedded in the sense that they will become infrastructures (in some sense) for the development of the social practices which they are designed to support. Assuming that IT artifacts have to be understood in this sociotechnical way, traditional criteria for good design in computer scien

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Christensen, Alan J., Julia R. Van Liew, and Quinn D. Kellerman. Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease. Edited by C. Steven Richards and Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.013.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent medical condition posing a range of unique physical and self-management demands for patients and presenting a variety of patient management challenges for clinicians. Co-morbid depression and other psychiatric disorders represent a significant detriment to the quality of life and clinical outcomes of CKD patients. Evidence suggests that 12% to 40% of individuals in the later stages of CKD meet DSM (III, IV, or IV-TR) diagnostic criteria for a mood disorder. Moreover, the existence of comorbid depression has been associated with earlier patient mortal

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Adler, Paul S., and Terry A. Winograd, eds. Usability: Turning Technologies into Tools. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075106.001.0001.

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As more and more equipment incorporates advanced technologies, usability -- the ability of equipment to take advantage of users' skills and thereby to function effectively in the broad range of real work situations -- is becoming an essential component of equipment design. Usability: Turning Technologies into Tools collects six essays that herald a fundamental shift in the way industry and researchers think about usability. In this new, broader definition, usability no longer means safeguarding against human error, but rather enabling human beings to learn, to use, and to adapt the equipment t

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DeRubeis, Robert J., and Daniel R. Strunk, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199973965.001.0001.

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Mood disorders are a pressing societal problem, with depression alone now constituting a leading cause of disability in Western Europe and the United States. In the most comprehensive volume of its kind, the Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders provides detailed coverage of the characterization, understanding, and treatment of mood disorders. Chapters are written by the world’s leading experts in their respective areas. The Handbook provides coverage of unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and variants of these disorders. Current approaches to classifying the mood disorders are reviewed, and co

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Kirsty, Gover. Tribal Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587094.001.0001.

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In settler societies, tribal self-governance creates a legal distinction between indigeneity (defined by settler governments) and tribal membership (defined by tribes). Many legally indigenous persons are not tribal members, and some tribal members are not legally indigenous. This book considers the membership rules included in the constitutions and membership codes of nearly 750 recognized tribes in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. It addresses the first-order question of tribal constitutionalism: who are the members of tribes, and how are they chosen? The question is of

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Rossell, Christine H., David J. Armor, and Herbert J. Walberg, eds. School Desegregation in the 21st Century. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216011163.

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Leading scholars in the fields of history and law have assembled an enormous amount of empirical data on the outcomes of school desegregation and conclude that the policies of the past—mandatory reassignment and strict racial quotas—had too few benefits and too many costs to make them viable alternatives for the future. Chapter topics include the history of school desegregation, the development of the law, the desegregation effectiveness of remedies, ability grouping and classroom desegregation, racial disparities in school discipline, intergroup relations, the attitudes and opinions of adults

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Ngugi, Rose, and Kunal Sen, eds. The Domestic Savings Shortfall in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198932482.001.0001.

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Abstract This book aims to increase knowledge about (i) the key drivers of domestic saving rates in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); (ii) whether alternative approaches, such as pension funds or fintech, could provide new solutions to increase domestic savings; (iii) lessons learnt from the experiences so far in different countries in SSA; and (iv) what SSA can learn from the experience of other regions that have been more successful in raising savings rates. The book consists of two parts: (I) thematic studies and (II) country studies. The thematic studies examine the implications of new development

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Varas-Díaz, Nelson, and Niall Scott, eds. Heavy Metal Music and the Communal Experience. Published by Lexington Books, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666999310.

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It is common to hear heavy metal music fans and musicians talk about the “metal community”. This concept, which is widely used when referencing this musical genre, encompasses multiple complex aspects that are seldom addressed in traditional academic endeavors including shared aesthetics, musical practices, geographies, and narratives. The idea of a “metal community” recognizes that fans and musicians frequently identify as part of a collective group, larger than any particular individual. Still, when examined in detail, the idea raises more questions than answers. What criteria are used to de

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Healey, Richard. Measurement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714057.003.0006.

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If a quantum state completely specified the properties of a system to which it was assigned then application of quantum theory to an interaction intended to correlate properties of a measured system to those of a measuring device would leave that device recording no determinate outcome, contrary to what we observe. This is the quantum measurement problem. But the problem does not arise if the function of a quantum state assignment is not descriptive but prescriptive, so that all quantum state assignments are relational. Models of decoherence can certify the empirical significance of rival clai

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Holly, Lindsay E., Ryan D. Stoll, Amy M. Rapp, Armando A. Pina, and Denise A. Chavira. Psychosocial Treatments That “Work” for Ethnic Minority Youth. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.10.

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This chapter critically evaluates treatments for internalizing and externalizing disorders in ethnic minority youth based on empirically supported treatment criteria and the methodological robustness of the scientific evidence. There continues to be no well-established treatment for externalizing or internalizing disorders in ethnic minority youth. There continues to be no evidence that treatments are robust across cultures and subcultures, and there is a lack of attention to explanatory variables (e.g., acculturation, cultural orientation, values). In the meantime, an articulation for provide

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Birch, Jonathan. Two Conceptions of Social Fitness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733058.003.0005.

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Hamilton introduced two conceptions of social fitness, which he termed neighbour-modulated fitness and inclusive fitness, and he argued that the two concepts are equivalent. This argument relies on two assumptions—actor’s control and additivity—that can be justified as approximations under ‘δ‎-weak selection’, which is selection on tiny differences between the mutant and the wild type. The assumption of δ‎-weak selection stems from a methodological stance that takes cumulative adaptation to be the explanatory target of social evolution research, together with an empirical commitment to a gradu

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Briand, Michael K. Beyond Liberalism. Praeger, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400618000.

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This book shows how the United States can begin dealing with the most difficult and intractable political issues that afflict liberal democracy today: by initiating an inclusive public practice of ethical dialogue and deliberation. Beyond Liberalism argues that there is a flaw in liberalism: the doctrine of individualism. Specifically, the defect consists in two distinct ideas: “atomism” and “subjectivism.” These ideas underpin the “principle of freedom,” which is our default method for making personal choices and resolving interpersonal disagreements but contains no standard for determining w

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Felde, Andrea Kronstad, Tor Halvorsen, Anja Myrtveit, and Reidar Øygard. Democracy and the Discourse on Relevance Within the Academic Profession at Makerere University. African Minds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928502272.

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Democracy and the Discourse of Relevanceis set against the backdrop of the spread of neoliberal ideas and reforms since the 1980s, accepting also that these ideas are rooted in a longer history. It focuses on how neoliberalism has worked to transform the university sector and the academic profession. In particular, it examines how understandings of, and control over, what constitutes relevant knowledge have changed. Taken as a whole, these changes have sought to reorient universities and academics towards economic development in various ways. This includes the installation of strategies for ho

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Ross, Jeffrey. Making News of Police Violence. Praeger, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400681547.

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Although many people consider excessive police violence disconcerting, if, when, and how they voice their opinion or respond by taking some sort of action has generally remained empirically unknown. In the hope of understanding this process, Ross has developed a four-stage model, based on a review of the literature and on interviews with the relevant actors. He then uses this tool to analyze police violence that occurred in Toronto, Canada and New York City, over a fifteen-year period. To better focus the study, he uses in-depth case studies of three well-publicized cases of police violence fr

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