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Elali, Wajeeh. "EVA and shareholder value creation : an empirical study." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/91xv0/eva-and-shareholder-value-creation-an-empirical-study.
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In recent years, a variant of residual income often called Economic Value Added (EVA)' or Economic Income (EI) has become a popular concern in academia and business communities. This study investigates the general hypothesis that EVA is more highly associated with shareholder wealth and firm values than are traditional performance measures. Two commonly used value-based performance metrics namely, Total Shareholder Return (TSR) and Tobin's Q are also considered to highlight the valuerelevance of EVA vis-a-vis these measures in predicting shareholder wealth. Using a sample of panel data of around 12,000 firm-year observations taken from the Stem Stewart 1000 EVA/MVA database and the DATASTREAM file over the period 1991-2002, this study finds compelling evidence that shareholder value is a function of EVA. This study also provides evidence consistent with the notion that EVA outperforms other traditional performance measures in explaining shareholder wealth. Valuerelevance tests reveal EVA to be more highly associated with shareholder wealth than TSR and Tobin's Q. The incremental tests also suggest that EVA possesses the largest explanatory power (or information usefulness) over TSR and Tobin's Q. These results conclusively support the claims made by EVA proponents and further support the potential usefulness of the EVA metric for internal and external performance.
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Axelsson, Ludvig. "Immutability: An Empirical Study in Scala." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210779.
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Utilizing immutability is considered to have many desired benefits when it comes to software development and reasoning about programs. It is also one of the core principles of functional programming, and many programming languages have support for specifying immutability. Developers can by specifying immutability write code that, for example, prevent program state from being unintentionally mutated. The Scala programming language is a functional and object-oriented language where developers can specify immutability with reassignable and non-reassignable variables. The type system in Scala has no built-in support for developers to express the fact that a type is immutable, immutability is instead by convention and considered best practice. However, knowledge about the immutability usage and how prevalent it is in real-world Scala code are until this point non-existent. This project presents an immutability analysis and evaluation of six small-to-large open source projects written in Scala providing empirical data on immutability usage. The analysis investigates the immutability property of templates, where a template refers to one of Scala's different class types, on three distinct properties: shallow, conditionally deep and deep immutability, where deep is the strongest immutability property. The analysis works as a plug-in for the Scala compiler that statically analyzes the source code of projects. We report immutability statistics for each evaluated project, including three widely used projects, Scala's standard library, Akka's actor framework and ScalaTest. Explanations to why stronger immutability properties do not hold are also provided. The analysis show that the majority of templates for each project satisfied an immutability property and were not classified as mutable. Because each analyzed project had templates that were assumed to be mutable, as they were unreachable by our analysis, there could potentially be more templates that satisfy an immutability property. Inheritance is shown to be an important factor when it comes to a template's immutability and mutability was found to be lower for the template types case class and singleton object. This can be seen as intended by the designers of Scala, indicating that these type of class abstractions help programmers utilize immutability. Our results show that immutability is frequently used in Scala and the high degree of immutability usage could be due to the functional nature of the language.<br>Att använda immuterbar (oföränderlig) data anses ha många önskvärda fördelar när det kommer till utveckling av program och att kunna resonera om dess funktionalitet. Immuterbar data är också en viktig princip inom funktionell programmering och många språk har idag stöd för att ange immuterbarhet. Utvecklare kan i kod ange ifall data ska vara immuterbar för att till exempel förhindra ett programtillstånd från att oavsiktligt förändras. Programmeringsspråket Scala är ett funktionellt och objektorienterat språk där utvecklare kan ange immuterbarhet med två typer av variabler, en som är tilldelningsbar och en som är icke-tilldelningsbar. Typsystemet i Scala har inget inbyggt stöd för utvecklare att uttrycka det faktum att en typ är immuterbar, att använda immuterbarhet är i stället konvention och anses vara den bästa metoden. Men uppgifter om hur immuterbarhet egentligen används i riktiga Scala projekt har fram tills nu inte varit tillgängligt. Detta projekt presenterar en immuterbarhetsanalys och en utvärdering av sex små till stora projekt med öppen källkod skrivna i programmeringsspråket Scala. Analysen undersöker immuterbarhetsegenskaper hos Scalas olika typer av klasser med avseende på tre olika egenskaper: ytlig, villkorligt djup och djup immuterbar, där djup är den starkaste immuterbarhetsegenskapen. Analysen fungerar som ett tillägg för Scalas kompilator och utfärdar en statisk analys av källkoden för ett projekt. Statistik om immuterbarhet för varje projekt redovisas och utvärderas, bland annat tre välkända och populära kodbaser, Scalas standard bibliotek, Akka’s actor ramverk och ScalaTest. Förklaringar till varför klasser inte uppfyller en immuterbarhetsegenskap visas också. Analysen visar att majoriteten av alla klasser i projekten har en immuterbarhetsegenskap och var inte klassificerade som muterbara. Eftersom varje projekt hade klasser som antogs vara muterbara för att dessa inte var nåbara för våran analys så kan det potentiellt finnas fler klasser som har en immuterbarhetsegenskap. Vad en klass ärver visar sig vara en viktig faktor när det kommer till vilken typ av immuterbarhetsegenskap den har. Muterbarhet visade sig vara lägre för klasser som är av typen case class and singleton object vilket kan anses vara avsett av Scalas skapare, då dessa klass abstraktioner hjälper programmerare att använda immuterbarhet. Resultaten visar att immuterbarhet används flitigt i Scala och den höga användningsgraden kan vara på grund av att det är ett funktionellt språk.
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Hagli, Andreas Tørå. "Empirical study of software evolution." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9216.
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<p>Software development is rapidly changing and software systems are increasing in size and expected lifetime. To cope with this, several new languages and development processes have emerged, as has stronger focus on design and software architecture and development with consideration for evolution and future change in requirements. There is a clear need for improvements, research shows that the portion of development cost used for maintenance is increasing and can be as high as 50 %. We also see many software systems that grow into uncontrollable complexity where large parts of the system cannot be touched because of risks for unforeseeable consequence. Therefore a clearer understanding of the evolution of software is needed in order to prevent decay of the systems structure. This thesis approaches the field of software evolution through an empirical study on the open source project Portage from the Gentoo Linux project. Data is gathered, ratified and analysed to study the evolutionary trends of the system. These findings are seen in the context of Lehman's laws on the inevitability of growth and increasement of complexity through the lifetime of software systems. A set of research question and hypotheses are formulated and tested. Also, experience from using open source software for data mining is presented.</p>
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Stringer, Carolyn Patricia, and n/a. "Performance management : an empirical study." University of Otago. Department of Accountancy and Business Law, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.145211.
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The dynamic nature of performance management is a significant issue for organisations. A review of the empirical performance management literature highlights that little research has examined an organisation�s holistic performance management framework. Most prior studies have been partial (i.e., examine various performance management elements), and there is a lack of depth in analysis (because of the short-term nature of many studies). In addition to the few studies that have examined the interconnections between the performance management elements, there has also been a lack of research examining incentive systems (especially at lower levels), target-setting, and performance evaluation. The literature review in this thesis also highlights the diversity in the performance management elements studied, the lack of theoretical development, diversity in who is interviewed and research sites, etc. This diversity in field study research provides a difficult base on which to build a cumulative body of literature (as most studies examine a different research question in a different context).
This PhD research examines the overall performance management framework in a large and complex Australasian organisation, Sensol, over a 14 year period. The research is inductive, empirical and interpretative so as to gain a deeper understanding of Sensol�s performance management framework. The narrative highlights the multiple voices that exist in Sensol to illustrate the complexity of performance management at various levels. Otley�s (1999) performance management framework is a useful research tool (e.g., initial data analysis, structuring device).
The documentary evidence traces the history and development of Sensol�s performance management framework. The designers� story tells about the sophisticated nature of Sensol�s approach to performance management. In contrast, the business unit managers describe the complexities in operationalising performance management in a complex, diversified and decentralised organisation.
The researcher�s story explains the importance of understanding the highly interconnected nature of Sensol�s performance management framework and of understanding the behavioural issues (e.g., intense sibling rivalry, short-termism). It includes the importance of history, context (e.g., hierarchical culture), decentralised structure (e.g., interrelated business units), the trade-offs between financial and social objectives (and signalling effect of weightings), performance measurement issues (e.g., EVA�, scorecard, dominance of EBIT, transfer pricing), the subjectivity of objective setting and performance management processes (e.g., averaging, little differentiation between good and poor performers), problems with the annual incentive scheme (e.g., double dipping, risk and penalties, lack of understanding and line of sight, low trust), strategic programmes (e.g., lack of visibility), target-setting (e.g., conservative targets, impact of capping), and information flows (i.e., poor data, black boxes).
The research also highlights the importance of understanding how the formal and informal performance management systems operate. There are considerable differences between the designers� rhetoric on the formal HPMF system (i.e., the intended design), compared to the system in use (e.g., formal and informal systems). This point has been recognised in some prior field studies but is an under-researched area. An understanding of the impact of the background to the performance management literature from classical management theory provides some insights into why the value-based management literature focuses on formal system design control tools, goal congruence, top-down focus, and the universal applicability of their techniques. Ignoring informal systems may be one reason that the traditional control problems remain evident with the new value-based management techniques.
A final contribution of this PhD research is to use historical documents to identify how little change there has been over time and how performance management issues keep going around in circles (e.g., lack of accountability, transfer pricing). Some reasons for these circles include that history is lost, complacency, culture, communication issues (e.g., good news, blocking behaviours, standardisation). A feature of Sensol�s performance management framework is how it used EVA� and the balanced scorecard in a complementary manner. However, rather than adopting these new techniques as prescribed by consultants, Sensol built these new techniques onto their existing performance management system. This highlights the importance of understanding the history of an organisation�s performance management framework, so as to understand the reasons for the current design and operation.
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Syed-Abdullah, Sharifah Lailee. "Empirical study on extreme programming." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6067/.
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The focus of this research is on the human side of an agile methodology because most of the other research on methodologies tends to focus on the technical aspect. The context for this research is the Software Engineering Observatory at the University of Sheffield, a research facility, which is run by the Verification and Testing (VT) research group. The objective of this observatory is two- fold: firstly, it is to create an environment for the training and development of skills that are associated with the successful construction of a software solution with a real commercial client, and secondly, it is for the carrying out of research work that would be impossible to do in the real software industry. The observatory allows empirical researchers to observe, question or interview software developers working on real industrial projects. The general relevance of this research lies in the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of an agile methodology by first, identifying the difficult practices in the XP methodology and the reasons for the difficulties, with the intention to improve the methodology. Cognitive theory indicates that for a new approach to be accepted easily, it must conform to the ways the brain accepts information, stimulates the mind, and thus motivates the developers. The research demonstrates qualitatively and quantitatively the effect of this improvement on the software developers. Comparison studies between the Extreme Programming (an agile methodology) with the Discovery Method (a design-led methodology) were conducted to evaluate the effect of the XP methodology in term of the work related well being, the work group cohesion, the positive affectivity and finally the quality of the software. To achieve generalisability for some findings, data was collected from an XP team in IBM, Hursley, United Kingdom.
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Veloso, Jorge Filipe Azambujo. "An empirical study on deprivation." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7572.
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Mestrado em Econometria Aplicada e Previsão<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os determinantes socio-económicos e demográficos da Intensidade da Privação Matéria, e investigar as suas alterações quando se considera diferentes contextos macroeconómicos - crescimento moderado
versus recessão (Economia Portuguesa, anos 2004 e 2012) e os grupos complementares - Economicamente Pobres e Não-Pobres. Este trabalho usa os 9 indicadores de Privação Material presentemente usados pelo Eurostat nos 27 Estados Membros da União Europeia para modelar o Score de Privação Material. Dado que a nossa variável de interesse é uma variável de
contagem, vamos aplicar métodos para modelação de dados de contagem, nomeadamente, o modelo de Poisson e o modelo Zero-Inflated Poisson. Os resultados mostram quais são os principais determinantes da Intensidade da Privação Material, e que estes não variam, de forma significativa, face aos diferentes cenários macroeconómicos e grupos considerados.<br>The aim of this dissertation is to determine the socio-economic and demographic determinants of Material Deprivation Intensity, and investigate their changes when considering different macroeconomic backgrounds - moderate growth versus recession (Portuguese economy, years 2004 and 2012), and the additional groups - Income and Non-Income Poor. This work uses the 9 Material Deprivation indicators currently in use by
Eurostat in the 27 European Union Member States to model the Material Deprivation Score. Given that the interest variable is a count variable, we will apply methodological framework for count data modeling, more particularly, Poisson and Zero-Inflated Poisson models. The results have shown what are the key determinants of the Material Deprivation Intensity, and also that they don?t change, in a significant way, in face of the considered macroeconomic backgrounds and groups.
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Jetty, Grace Havila Havila. "An Empirical Study Assessing the Impact of SeeIT 3D onComprehension." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1367880196.
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Hobbs, Georgina. "Wellbeing : a theoretical and empirical study." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617318/.
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There is mounting theoretical evidence that wellbeing has been mobilised within a personal responsibility agenda (PRA). However, there is little empirical evidence to support this. Additionally, little is understood about the role of historical/linguistic factors in this mobilisation and their influence on mainstream representations of wellbeing. Research indicates current representations of wellbeing assign primacy to academic/professional conceptualisations neglecting lay conceptualisations. This thesis examines wellbeing through complementary theoretical and empirical investigations. This responds to a need to explore: the mobilisation of wellbeing through empirical investigation; how and why historical and linguistic factors contribute to this mobilisation; whether this mobilisation is assimilated into lay conceptualisations. This is important given wellbeing is a central focus of international and national healthcare policy, an influential concept in health discourse and widely utilised to underpin health and social care services. Three research strategies were utilised: a synthesis of theoretical evidence; a historical/linguistic contextualisation of wellbeing and qualitative analysis of participant data. Data were collected from existing literature, historical/linguistic sources and semi-structured interviews. Findings illustrated that historical/linguistic associations between wellbeing and personal responsibility have facilitated its mobilisation within a PRA. Findings also identified that participants rarely associated wellbeing with personal responsibility, which was primarily perceived as the responsibility of the state, despite widespread dissemination of agentic representations of wellbeing. Findings suggest that wellbeing has been mobilised within a PRA for governance purposes. This has been achieved primarily through the promulgation of agentic representations of wellbeing. However, findings indicated a disjunction between participant and academic/professional conceptualisations of responsibility for wellbeing. This contributes to the revitalised debate about representations of wellbeing and the division of responsibility for wellbeing between the individual and the state.
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Konda, Lakshmana Rao. "An empirical study of TJFast algorithm /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240708321&sid=12&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Tania, ap Siôn. "An empirical study of ordinary prayer." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3604/.
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The aim of the thesis is to demonstrate the significance of ordinary prayer for the study of ordinary theology, as conceived by Astley (2002), and to make an original contribution to research in this field. For this purpose, in part one, the thesis begins by establishing the relationship between ordinary theology and ordinary prayer, followed by a review and evaluation of empirical studies relevant to ordinary prayer. These studies are organised according to five themes: who prays, when people pray, the subjective effects of prayer, the objective effects of prayer, and the content of prayer. Part one concludes with a consideration of the significance of the empirical prayer studies for the understanding of ordinary theology and ordinary theologians, and demonstrates their practical importance to the Church. Based on the evidence gathered thus far, a new methodology is proposed, which supports the detailed study of ordinary prayer content found in prayer requests left in churches. The new methodology involves the development of an analytical framework designed to explore the content of ordinary prayer through the three components of reference, intention, and objective. In part two, the analytical framework is employed in five case studies: two case studies test the general framework through the analysis of two different sets of prayer requests; one case study uses the general framework to explore ordinary prayer and implicit religion; and two case studies use modifications of the intention component of the framework in order to provide focused studies relating to ordinary prayer and health and well-being and to ordinary prayer and the activity of God in the world. The thesis concludes with an evaluative summary of the contribution of ordinary prayer to ordinary theology in general and the contribution of the new methodology to the study of ordinary prayer and ordinary theology in particular.
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Durow, Valerie. "Reading anti-realism : an empirical study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363648.
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Loncar, Jelena. "Constructing minority representation : empirical-theoretical study." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18673/.
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Performance and performativity are deeply entwined in political representation. This research explores the performance of minority representation – i.e., how representatives from ethnic minority backgrounds shape their positions and deliver their claims about and for minorities depending on the audience they address – and the performativity of their representative claims – i.e., how they contribute to the construction of ethnic identities and interests, which they purportedly merely describe or present. In doing so, the thesis reuses, tests and expands the increasingly influential theoretical understanding of representation as claim-making, while, at the same time, it effects a much-needed constructivist turn in the empirical study of the representation of ethnic minorities. In theoretical terms, the dissertation argues that the categories of descriptive and substantive representation remain essential to the study of minority representation. Its contribution to the theoretical literature is in reconceptualising these categories in line with the constructivist turn. The constructivist understanding of political representation has had considerable theoretical impact, but limited operationalization and empirical application. When applied to the study of group representation, the representation of gender has commanded attention. The thesis breaks new ground in applying it to the study of the representation of minority ethnic groups, a field in which the traditional understanding of representation as responsiveness to the pre-given demands and interests of constituents remains dominant. Focusing on two similar cases where ethnicity has been historically and institutionally constructed as a relevant feature to be represented in political forums, this thesis shows that rather than factors determining the behaviour of representatives, institutional and cultural backgrounds can be, and are often, deployed creatively as resources in the claim-making process whereby ethnic identifications are produced and reproduced over time.
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Milton, Grace. "Understanding Pentecostal conversion : an empirical study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5104/.
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This thesis argues that a Pentecostal theology of conversion can be best understood in terms of the biblical concept of shalom. The thesis contributes towards a holistic practical-theological model, which presents conversion in terms of the work of, and response to, God’s shalom in three key dimensions: regeneration, identity and destiny. This study responds to two main motivators: (1) an identified lack of an existing Pentecostal theology of conversion. This is a significant gap in the movement’s theology, particularly in the UK where Pentecostalism continues to buck the trend of church decline; and (2) a recognised stereotype of Pentecostal-charismatic conversion experiences in various disciplines according to an “event” motif, despite the field of conversion studies moving towards a more process-oriented, whole-life approach. The aim of the thesis was to identify and critically analyse the conversion experiences and theology of ordinary believers within their congregational context and in dialogue with ecclesial and academic discourse. Intra-disciplinary methods were used, with Lewis Rambo’s stage-model of religious conversion providing the framework for data collection. Material was gathered and analysed from a case study of an Elim Pentecostal congregation, utilising qualitative methods: participant observation, literature analysis, and life-story interviews.
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Jain, Sameer 1967. "An empirical study of hedge funds." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8009.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).<br>Hedge Funds are one of the fastest growing, yet least understood, category of alternate investment vehicles. They are pooled investment vehicles that use leverage, short-selling, dynamic hedging and derivatives to implement investment strategies significantly different from the non-leveraged, long-only approach traditionally followed by investors. This Thesis explores and validates characteristics, attributes and behavior of the generic category of Hedge Funds by researching academic and empirical studies available in the public domain. It traces the dramatic growth of the Hedge Fund industry in recent times as well as the regulatory environment governing the industry. The findings of this study assess a variety of Hedging styles and strategies that have proliferated in recent years by building on practitioner and academic research. We further examine the risk return profile of Hedge Funds, effective diversification and portfolio allocation decisions. The results of our study offer a thorough explanation of issues essential to Hedge Fund investment and their usefulness as an alternative asset class in both institutional and private portfolios.<br>by Sameer Jain.<br>M.B.A.
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Alharbi, Abdulrhman Abdulghani. "Multimodal e-feedback : an empirical study." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9676.
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This thesis investigated the applicability of unique combinations of multimodal metaphors to deliver different types of feedback. The thesis evaluates the effect of these combinations on the usability of electronic feedback interfaces and on the users' engagement to learning. The empirical research described in this thesis consists of three experimental phases. In the first phase, an initial experiment was carried out with 40 users to explore and compare the usability and users' engagement of facially animated expressive avatars with text and natural recorded speech, and text with graphics metaphors. The second experimental phase involved an experiment conducted with 36 users to investigate user perception of feedback communicated using avatar with facial expressions and body gestures, and voice expressions of synthesised speech. This experiment also aimed at evaluating the role that an avatar could play as virtual tutor in e-feedback interfaces by comparing the usability and engagement of users using three different modes of interaction: video with tutor that presented information with facial expressions, synthesised spoken messages supported with text, and avatars with facial expressions and body gestures. The third experimental phase, introduced and investigated a novel approach to communicate e-feedback that was based on the results of the previous experiments. This approach involved speaking avatars to deliver feedback with the aid of earcons, auditory icons, facial expressions and body gestures. The results demonstrated the usefulness and applicability of the tested metaphors to enhance e-feedback usability and to enable users to attain a better engagement with the feedback. A set of empirically derived guidelines for the design and use of these metaphors to communicate e-feedback are also introduced and discussed.
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Faneer, Musa Khalifa A. "Multimodal e-learning : an empirical study." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10890.
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This empirical work aims to investigate the impact of using multimodal communication metaphors on e-learning systems’ usability, overall user experience and affective state. The study proposed a triple evaluation approach to avoid the problem of conventional assessment relying only on usability measurements of efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfactions. Usability in that sense refers only to the functionality and pragmatic side of the product and neglects other aspects of the system. Learning is a cognitive and repetitive task, requiring learners’ attention as well as their interest. Therefore, when delivering content, in addition to the pragmatic functionality, an e-learning system should provide a constructive overall user experience and positive affective state. Doing so will ensure user engagement, facilitate the learning process and increase learners’ performance. The impact of using five different communication metaphors was evaluated in three dimensions using the proposed approach. Within the usability dimension, the evaluation criteria involved measuring system efficiency, effectiveness, user satisfaction and learning performance. Within the user experience dimension, the evaluation criteria involved measuring pragmatic aspects of the user experience, the hedonic aspects of user experience in terms of stimulation as well as identification and the overall system attractiveness. Within the affective state dimension a self-assessments manikin technique was used in conjunction with biofeedback measurements, and users’ valence, arousal and dominance were measured. The study found that system attractiveness and the hedonic user experience had a profound impact on users’ learning performance and attitude toward the tested system. Furthermore, they influenced users’ views and judgement of the system and its usability. The communication metaphors were not equal in their influence within the evaluation criteria. Empirically derived guidelines were produced for the use and integration of these metaphors in e-learning systems. The outcome of the study highlights the need to use the triple evaluation approach in the assessment of e-learning interfaces prior to their release for better adoption and acceptance by end users.
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Algahtani, Amirah. "Multimodal e-assessment : an empirical study." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10878.
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Due to the availability of technology, there has been a shift from traditional assessment methods to e-assessment methods designed to support learning. With this development there is a need to address the suitability and effectiveness of the e-assessment interface. One development in the e-assessment interface has been the use of the multimodal metaphor. Unfortunately, the associated effectiveness of multimodality in terms of usability and its suitability in achieving assessment aims has not been fully addressed. Thus, there is a need to determine the impact of multimodality on the effectiveness of e-assessment and to reveal the benefits, primarily to the user. Moreover, those involved in the development and assessment should be aware of potential impacts and benefits. This thesis investigates the role and effectiveness of multimodal metaphors in e-assessment, specifically; the thesis assesses the effect of multimodal metaphors, alone or in combination, on usability in e-assessment. Usability includes efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction. The empirical research described in this study consisted of three experiments of 30 participants each to evaluate the effect of description text, avatars and images individually, avatars, description text and recorded speech in combination with images, and finally, the use of avatars with whole body gestures, earcons and auditory icons. The experimental stages were designed as a progression towards the main focus of the study, which was the effectiveness of full body gesture avatar, considered to be the latest development in multimodal metaphors. The experimentation also assessed the role that an avatar could play as a tutor in e-assessment interfaces. The results proved the positive effectiveness and applicability of metaphors to enhance e-assessment usability. This was achieved through a more effective interaction between the user and the assessment interface. A set of empirically derived guidelines for the design and use of these metaphors to enhance e-assessment is also used in order to generate more usable e-assessment interfaces.
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Parker, Peter Burns. "An empirical phenomenological study of happiness." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002077.
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The aim of this study was to investigate man's attunement when happy. Having established a question which would elicit actual experiences of this phenomenon, the researcher collected sixty-four written accounts of the experience. Of these he chose the twelve psychologically richest accounts and, having interviewed each of these twelve subjects to push their written descriptions to their limits, he analysed the resulting protocols using an empirical phenomenological method. The general structure of the experience of happiness suggested that happiness emerged as a special openness against a background where individuals were less than happy. During happiness there is a breaking through the bonds of the individual's mundane, everyday disclosure of the world. It transports the individual to an existence in which the ruptures which form part of man's lived relationships to himself, to his fellowman, to the world and to life itself are healed, and in which life is lived in increased harmony with all. There is a coming home to the self, a move toward wholeness which is enlivened bodily by a radiating vibrancy (often a tingling lightness and brightness), as the individual expands with energy, power, self-confidence and mastery, and rises above the troubles of life. This structure of happiness was dialogued with the writing of existential philosophers and psychologists, psychoanalysts and humanists
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Smith, Michael Reed. "An empirical study of instance hardness /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3239.pdf.
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Foye, Chris. "Housing and happiness : an empirical study." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77925/.
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This thesis empirically examines the relationship between housing and happiness, and in particular, how this relationship is affected by adaptation and social status. Standard economic theory assumes housing preferences are constructed independently of past experience and social context. Using fixed effect regressions on the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) and the German Socio Economic Panel Study (GSOEP), this thesis challenges this assumption. Chapter 2 outlines why happiness is important. Chapter 3 traces the role of happiness in economics over time, showing the limitations of choice behaviour as a measure of happiness. Chapter 4 advances an alternative way of measuring happiness adopted in this thesis; subjective judgements. Chapter 5 reviews the literature on housing and happiness, adaptation and social status. The next three empirical chapters represent the main contribution of this thesis. In terms of adaptation, Chapter 6 shows that moving to “larger accommodation” increases housing satisfaction, but this uplift diminishes post-move. Chapter 7 demonstrates that current space preferences are affected by the level of living space experienced in the previous year. In terms of social comparisons, Chapter 7 also demonstrates that space preferences are affected by regional and national levels of living space, implying house size is a positional good. Chapter 8 conceptualises home-ownership (in the UK) as a social norm and positional good, and demonstrates that, consistent with this hypothesis, a strengthening of relevant others’ home-ownership values is associated with increases (decreases) in the happiness of home-owners (renters), while an increase in relevant others’ home-ownership rates decreases the life satisfaction of owners. Chapter 9 discusses the main empirical findings and concludes by operationalising Sen’s capabilities approach as a means to translating the empirical finding into some housing policy recommendations.
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Smith, Michael Reed. "An Empirical Study of Instance Hardness." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2012.
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Most widely accepted measures of performance for learning algorithms, such as accuracy and area under the ROC curve, provide information about behavior at the data set level. They say nothing about which instances are misclassified, whether two learning algorithms with the same classification accuracy on a data set misclassify the same instances, or whether there are instances misclassified by all learning algorithms. These questions about behavior at the instance level motivate our empirical analysis of instance hardness, a measure of expected classification accuracy for an instance. We analyze the classification of 57 data sets using 9 learning algorithms. Of the over 175000 instances investigated, 5% are misclassified by all 9 of the considered learning algorithms, and 15% are misclassified by at least half. We find that the major cause of misclassification for hard instances is class overlap, manifested as outliers and border points which can be exacerbated by class skew. We analyze these causes and show to what extent each leads to misclassifications, both in isolation and jointly. 19.8% of all misclassified instances are outliers; 71.3% are border points; 21% belong to a minority class. We also find that 91.6% of all outliers and 38.3% of all border points are misclassified whereas only 3.5% of instances without class overlap are misclassified. We propose a set of heuristics to predict when an instance will be hard to correctly classify. Additionally, we analyze how different learning algorithms perform on tasks with varying degrees of outliers, border points and class skew.
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Shaikh, Abdul Hannan. "Employee reporting in India:an Empirical study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1117.
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Alton, Noel Teresa. "Empirical Study of Information Design: Four Experiments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2118.
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Current design theory sets out many rules and guidelines for designers, but good design is still difficult to replicate. Often the design principles found in the manuals are misapplied, resulting in designs that (1) do not fulfill their purpose and (2) disrupt the clarity of information. This thesis will review and provide experimental data supporting a model of visual form/visual purpose connections based on the semiotic of C.S. Peirce. This model was first used by Amare and Manning (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) to evaluate and explain both effective and ineffective visual information design. This thesis will extend their approach, reporting on the results of four experiments to test the aesthetic appeal and information retention from various visual designs. The four experiments presented in this thesis show that viewer's ability to recall information does not coincide with designs that they find the most visually stimulating or visually pleasing. High indicative contrasts allow for higher retention rate, but those contrasts do not necessarily conform to viewer's aesthetic preferences. Low indicative contrast options have a lower retention rate, but are preferred aesthetically by viewers. Peircean analysis accounts for this disconnect between usability and preference and can help designers find the balance that is needed between these competing purposes in visual information design.
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Reynolds, Lisa Marie. "An Empirical Study of Software Debugging Games with Introductory Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804874/.
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Bug Fixer is a web-based application that complements lectures with hands-on exercises that encourage students to think about the logic in programs. Bug Fixer presents students with code that has several bugs that they must fix. The process of fixing the bugs forces students to conceptually think about the code and reinforces their understanding of the logic behind algorithms. In this work, we conducted a study using Bug Fixer with undergraduate students in the CSCE1040 course at University of North Texas to evaluate whether the system increases their conceptual understanding of the algorithms and improves their Software Testing skills. Students participated in weekly activities to fix bugs in code. Most students enjoyed Bug Fixer and recommend the system for future use. Students typically reported a better understanding of the algorithms used in class. We observed a slight increase of passing grades for students who participated in our study compared to students in other sections of the course with the same instructor who did not participate in our study. The students who did not report a positive experience provide comments for future improvements that we plan to address in future work.
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Stengl, Benjamin. "Testing Futures Pricing Models An Empirical Study /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01654516001/$FILE/01654516001.pdf.
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Li, xiaohua. "An Empirical Study of Tradera's Reputation System." Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Informatics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-23956.
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<p> </p><p>Millions of dollars change hands daily through online auction markets. Online trading communities like eBay and Amazon.com are emerging as increasingly important factors of the economy. Various Reputation systems are important components in such electronic markets. Existing evidence suggests that there are a number of problems with such systems. This paper presents an empirical exploration of reputation systems. Two studies of Tradera’s discussion forums are reported. The result of the first, pilot study suggests that both sellers and buyers are worried about getting a retaliatory negative feedback if they leave a negative feedback for an unsatisfactory transaction from their trading parties. Retaliation from the non-paying bidders seems to be the most severe threat and trouble for sellers. A set of negative feedbacks were then gathered from Tradera and data were manually analyzed in order to verify the results from the preliminary study. The results from the second study confirmed the result of the pilot study. A general evaluation of Tradera’s current reputation system is made based on the results of the second study. This paper aims to make a contribution to the literature on online reputation system by developing a typology of seller complaints about Tradera buyers and providing a tentative definition of retaliatory negative feedback based on the findings of both studies. Proposed solutions to the problems of non-payment and feedback retaliation are also presented.</p><p> </p>
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Vong, Chuk Kwan. "Comparative management : discussion and an empirical study." Thesis, University of Macau, 1995. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636782.
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Ponnam, Sravanthi. "Keyboard Acoustic Emanations Attack : An Empirical study." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143645.
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The sounds produced from the keystrokes when a user types on the keyboard are called keyboard acoustic emanations. These sounds can be recorded with a microphone and stored as a file on the computer. Different techniques can be used to retrieve each keystroke. In this way sensitive information, such as passwords used to unlock the system or enter various protected cyber spaces can be collected and misused. This study investigates the seriousness of the keyboard acoustic emanations attack and possible threats from this type of eavesdropping. The aim of the research is to show this type of attack can be performed using simple equipment and easy to use signal processing techniques and to suggest protective measures against the threat from the attack. We use empirical methodology and perform experiments under different scenarios. Unlike the previous research, the experiments are performed in a moderately noisy environment. Our attack includes two phases, training and recognition phase. The structure of the attack is created considering views of previous research and having in mind the aim of the study. Six scenarios are created based on how the characteristics of the waveforms are presented and what types of techniques are used at the recognition phase. A separate procedure for identifying which scenario produces the highest recognition rate is designed. The results show that the waveform of the acoustic signal in presence of noise has similar shape as in silent environment and that an attacker can easily perform our experiment with keyboard acoustic emanations attack. We achieved 60% recognition rate that can be considered as satisfactory. The experiment is compared with similar ones from the previous research. Easy computation, analysis and simplicity are the advantages of our approach. At the end of the thesis we suggest preventive measures for mitigating the attack.
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Kennelly, Steven James. "The Empirical Study of Marine Biological Resources." University of Sydney, Marine Studies Centre, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/390.
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The papers presented in this thesis represent my contributions to the empirical study of marine biological resources. This research has adopted the same experimental approach to: (i) develop scientifically validated techniques to solve specific problems; (ii) use these techniques to detect patterns and form conceptual models about the processes that may have caused them; (iii) do manipulative field experiments to support or refute hypotheses derived from these models; (iv) use these results to develop new models and hypotheses and to test them in new experiments; and (v) recommend, where appropriate, changes to the management of the resources examined. A rigorous, empirical approach is the common feature throughout my research (in its overall direction and subject-to-subject execution) and represents one of the few attempts to adopt such an approach across the three fields in which I have worked: (1) the ecology of underwater kelp systems; (2) the biology of and fishery for a commercially exploited crab; and (3) solving by-catch problems in commercial trawl fisheries.
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Yu, Lai-yiu Ruth, and 余麗姚. "ASEAN: an empirical study of integration theory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3194873X.
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Chen, De-Yu, and 陳德裕. "The Empirical study." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11272976267287855394.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>會計研究所<br>90<br>Firstly using Feltham and Ohlson(1995) linear and valuation models, deduced are the accounting linear and valuation models suitable for actual circumstances at the paper. With the information like industrial penetration barrier, market share and industrial concentration as measurement variable, the decisive factors of goods reputation are inspected.
The expected findings can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the studies on any reputation at foreign papers focused on the reaction on equity’s value through the valuation model inspection on purchasing goods reputation. However, this paper is trying to deduce the accounting linear model and valuation model corresponding to real situations from the view of industrial economics and then inspect the decisive factors. Secondly, domestic studies on goods reputation emphasized on the influence of research & development investment on goods reputation (e.g. Liu, Cheng-Tien, 1999). This paper is the first empirical study the influence of industrial economics and conservatism accounting on goods reputation. Finally, Feltham and Ohlson(1995) models both presumed other information and stock-holder valuation are related, but no precise definition for other information. Regarding the empirical study on accounting-based firm valuation model, the residual items are also treated as other information. But that will impose serial relative characteristics on the residual items and introduce estimate error at the coefficients. Lain, Shin-Mei(2001) takes other information as constant terms. This paper tries to include the other information as the decisive factors of goods reputation and build up an accounting-based valuation
model.
By utilization of linear model (empirical model-1) and valuation model (empirical model-2), this paper incorporates investment return rate at next term and current unrecognized goods reputation as individual variables, so as the current investment return rate and non-accounting information items(including market share, industrial concentration & industrial penetration barrier) as variables. Besides the discussion of the effects of accounting & non-accounting information to earning and goods reputation, it further determines the explanation capability and visibility of each variable. The empirical results are summarized as below:
1.Examine hypothesis 1: Positive relation (α3,α4>0) of Industry Concentration (HHIt), Entry Barrier (PPEt/TAt) and Investment Return Rate (ROEt) cannot be sustained, but(β2>0) confirmed at Unrecognized Goods Reputation (UNAt).
2.Examine hypothesis 2: Positive relation(α2>0) of Market share(MSt) and Investment Return Rate(ROEt) is sustained, but not for UNAt (β2>0).
3.Examine hypothesis 3: The more of growth opportunity, then the larger forα0 but smaller forα1; and larger forβ0 and smaller forβ1. They are all sustained.
4.Divide sample data into high growth possibility (HPB) and low growth possibility (LPB), two groups. Then examine hypothesis 4a. For firms with negative earning, larger forα0, smaller forα1; larger forβ0, smaller forβ1. The result for HPB firms is sustained. Examine hypothesis 4b, the firms with bad forecast, larger forα0, smaller forα1; larger forβ0, smaller forβ1. The result for largerβ0 and smallerβ1 is sustained. Examine hypothesis 4c, for firms with higher rate at operation income, larger forα0, smaller forα1; larger forβ0, smaller forβ1. The result cannot be sustained mostly.
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Martinec, Tomáš. "Vyhodnocování užitečnosti ladících nástrojů." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350798.
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Debugging is a very time-consuming activity for programmers. Although the number of proposed debugging tools is large, the number of tools that are actually adopted by practitioners and used during development of software is less than one may expect. Many believe that one reason for the situation is that it is hard to estimate whether the implementation efforts of proposed debugging tools or approaches are worth the gain. The first goal of this thesis is to propose a methodology for the evaluation of usefulness of debugging tools. To provide an exemplary usage of the methodology, a study of usefulness of typical debugging tools for development of operating systems is conducted. Secondly, the thesis also explores and documents further aspects of how programmers debug software. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Hua, Jinru. "A case study of cross-branch porting in Linux Kernel." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25272.
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To meet different requirements for different stakeholders, branches are widely used to maintain multiple product variants simultaneously. For example, Linux Kernel has a main development branch, known as the mainline; 35 branches to maintain older product versions which are called stable branches; and hundreds of branches for experimental features. To maintain multiple branch-based product variants in parallel, developers often port new features or bug-fixes from one branch to another. In particular, the process of propagating bug-fixes or feature additions to an older version is commonly called backporting. Prior to our study, backporting practices in large scale projects have not been systematically studied. This lack of empirical knowledge makes it difficult to improve the current backporting process in the industry. We hypothesized that cross-branch porting practice is frequent, repetitive, and error-prone. It required significant effort for developers to select patches that need to be backported and then apply them to the target implementation. We carried out two complementary studies to examine this hypothesis. To investigate the extent and effort of porting practice, this thesis first conducted a quantitative study of backporting activities in Linux Kernel with a total of 8 years version history using the data of the main branch and the 35 stable branches. Our study showed that backporting happened at a rate of 149 changes per month, and it took 51 days to propagate patches on average. 40% of changes in the stable branches were ported from the mainline and 64% of ported patches propagated to more than one branch. Out of all backporting changes from the mainline to stable branches, 97.5% were applied without any manual modifications. To understand how Linux Kernel developers keep up to date with development activities across different branches, we carried out an online survey with engineers who may have ported code from the mainline to stable branches based on our prior analysis of Linux Kernel version history. We received 14 complete responses. The participants have 12.6 years of Linux development experience on average and are either maintainers or experts of Linux Kernel. The survey showed that most backporting work was done by the maintainers who knew the program quite well. Those experienced maintainers could easily identify the edits that need to be ported and propagate them with all relevant changes to ensure consistency in multiple branches. Inexperience developers were seldom given an opportunity to backport features or bug-fixes to stable branches. In summary, based on the version history study and the online survey, we concluded that cross-branch porting is frequent, periodic, and repetitive. It required a manual effort to selectively identify the changes that need to be ported, to analyze the dependency of the selected changes, and to apply all required changes to ensure consistency. To eliminate human's omission mistakes, most backporting work was done only by experienced maintainers who could identify all relevant changes along with the change that needed to be backported. Currently inexperienced developers were excluded from cross-branch porting activities from the mainline to stable branches in Linux Kernel. Our results call for an automated approach to identify the patches that require to be ported, to collect context information to help developers become aware of relevant changes, and to notify pertinent developers who may be responsible for the corresponding porting events.<br>text
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Lin, June-Liang, and 林俊良. "Bank Branching: An Empirical Study." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98762957141132084053.
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Hu, Bo Zeng, and 胡伯政. "Empirical Study of stock repurchase." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ju8cap.
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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>企業管理研究所<br>96<br>Using event study methodology examines the market reaction to the announcements of repurchase and retirement for Taiwan stock exchange(TSEC) listed firms over the period between August 2000 and December 2007.
The results show that TSEC-listed firms experience significant abnormal returns from the repurchase announcement suggesting investors react positively to the singal the firms send through the repurchase announcements.Furthermore, the market reacts more favorably to the announcements by firms that have high book-to-market ratio and price under face value greater than one.
In contrast, the market reaction to stock retirement announcements is not significant differential from zero. There is no difference in the reaction between firms in different industries. There is also no difference in the reaction between firms with different book-to-market ratio and price under(above) face value.
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Wang, Chao-Ping, and 王昭平. "Empirical Study of Reporting Transparency." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60504653151394227330.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>財務金融系碩士班<br>94<br>The Asia finance distress of 1997 and Enron scandal of 2001, not only depressed the world stock market, but also arose investor’s attention in corporate governance mechanism. How to reinforce reporting transparence to improve equity value of outside stockholders has become major concern of corporate governance.
In past, the traditional paper reports including quarter, semi-annual report, annual report and prospect play an import role in company’s communication. Taiwan Security and Future Institute require public firms to disclose specific insider information and trading activities in ‘Market Observation Post System’. However, the speedy development of internet technology has enabled the company web as a new communication way to investors. The company web can provide quick information to public with low cost. Facing the increasing globalization of capital market, company can attract more foreign investors through reinforcing investor relation through world-wide web. To investor, company web can provide quick financial and non-financial information. The discussion section in web furthermore provides investors a direct communicating way to their interested company.
This study includes 564 public companies listed in TSEC and observes financial, insider, dividend, voluntary disclosure, corporate governance policy and other information for period from February first 2006 to June tenth 2006. The results show that 535 (94.68%) company set up web site and 63% companies disclose financial related information. The more stocks large shareholders have, the less disclosure content of financial, voluntary disclosure and dividend information. Another interesting finding is that there is a significant negative relation between director’s shareholdings and insider’s information. These results show potential information asymmetry may exist between large shareholders, directors and outside stockholders. On the other hand, the results show significant positive relation between stockholdings of supervisors, foreign institutions and insider information and corporate governance policy. This finding confirms the ‘supervision hypothesis’ that proposes outside institutional investors being able to improve corporate governance mechanism.
In summary, this study shows the increasing information and importance of company’s web. The continuing efforts to strength directors and managers to communicate with investors will improve the reporting transparency, thus enhance the corporate governance.
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LAI, JAMES, and 賴達良. "Empirical study on corporate politics." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01286575883338283030.
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Lai, James, and 賴達良. "Empirical study on corporate politics." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41822647027578339471.
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Nguyen, Thanh Tu, and 阮清秀. "Empirical study on advertising expenses." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63052565976266421616.
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碩士<br>元智大學<br>財務金融學系<br>97<br>The first part of this paper documented the abnormal return of changing advertising expenses announcements. We found no significant evidence about the abnormal return of changing advertising expenses announcements, but we found that when firm announces to increase their advertising expenses, the cumulative abnormal return from -20 announcement days is getting worse till +20 announcement days; however this change disappears in decreasing advertising expense firms. Second, this paper examined whether manager base on the different between analyst forecast and firm real value or distance from earning goal to change firm’s advertising expense for manipulate purpose (myopic investment behavior). Our result indicated that in group of firms that be undervalued largely by analyst, firm manager significantly reduces advertising expense to push short term earnings so as to perform better in analysts’ eyes but this manipulation behavior will disappear when analyst forecast become more accurate. Besides, firms with higher current earning relative to prior one or large declining current earning compare to that of prior period tended to increase advertising fees but not in firms with small declining current earning relative to prior earning. However we find that institutional investors have a strong power in monitoring firm and higher institution ownership give manger greater incentive to care for long-run value of firm.
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Su, Sheng-Hung, and 蘇聖泓. "Empirical Study of Convertible Arbitrage." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75305415909794487451.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>財務金融學研究所<br>92<br>This paper uses two different evaluation methods to estimate implied volatility and hedge ratio of convertible bonds by input their market prices; then we use these hedge ratios to test three different hedging strategies, including delta neutral hedge, bull gamma hedge, and bear gamma hedge, and expect the results can offer investors some useful materials when they try to do the related strategies.
From the empirical results, we can get following conclusions: a) The offering prices of 元京二(60042) and 萬國一(30541) are under-priced, and it seems like the major shareholders take the excess return away by lowering the issuing price after the price of convertible bonds goes up; b) During our research period, the prices of 台灣二(30452) and 萬國一 both remained stable; however, the price of their underlying stocks went down. This situation proves the downside protection of convertibles and will lead to the increase of implied volatility of convertibles, which will be a good chance for arbitragers to get profit. c) When considering costs of transaction, only 萬國一 can make positive return in all the three strategies; on the contrary, due to the high proportion of transaction cost of the other two convertibles, the return of their hedging strategies is not well-performed. d) In this thesis, we do not put timing-selection and limitations of short-selling into consideration, so we are looking forward these factors could be included in future researches.
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Ho, Chang-cheng, and 侯昌成. "An Empirical Study of AdaBoosting." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73007098446368734067.
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Shen, Fang-Yu, and 沈芳宇. "Knowledge Management Mechanisms-Empirical Study." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rw2d6s.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>全球營運管理碩士雙聯學位學程<br>106<br>Due to the convenience for information/knowledge exchange brought from the Internet, nowadays people are used to searching for answers to their questions or asking for help from other people to solve their problems via the Internet. When doing a search on the Internet, people may be resonated with articles and would like to share their similar experiences or comments with others. Therefore, the sharing mechanism accumulates lots of information or knowledge over the Internet. It has already been an important issue that network platforms effectively manage the huge amount of information and knowledge. The well-organized knowledge classification not only helps users access to the information they need but also encourages them to reuse them. Similarly, people use enterprise’s knowledge management system to do the job-related research or share their expertise or experiences with the system. The Knowledge Management System (KMS) that one company uses may be developed by itself or derived from the KMS which is designed by external suppliers. In order to realize the knowledge management mechanisms that the platforms and companies use to codify knowledge, to encourage users to share useful information, and to boost users to reuse the information, this research observed and analyzed management mechanisms of domestic online forums, companies, and KMS suppliers. The knowledge management mechanisms of these platforms and companies can be served as applicable references for platform or company’s KMS design.
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Luu, Tuong. "Approach to Evaluating Clustering Using Classification Labelled Data." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5720.
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Cluster analysis has been identified as a core task in data mining for which many different algorithms have been proposed. The diversity, on one hand, provides us a wide collection of tools. On the other hand, the profusion of options easily causes confusion. Given a particular task, users do not know which algorithm is good since it is not clear how clustering algorithms should be evaluated. As a consequence, users often select clustering algorithm in a very adhoc manner.
A major challenge in evaluating clustering algorithms is the scarcity of real data
with a "correct" ground truth clustering. This is in stark contrast
to the situation for classification tasks, where there
are abundantly many data sets labeled with their correct classifications. As a result, clustering research often relies on labeled data to evaluate and compare the results of clustering algorithms.
We present a new perspective on how to use labeled data for evaluating clustering algorithms, and develop an approach for comparing clustering algorithms on the basis of classification labeled data. We then use this approach to support a novel technique for choosing among clustering algorithms when no labels are available.
We use these tools to demonstrate that the utility of an algorithm depends on the specific clustering task. Investigating a set of common clustering
algorithms, we demonstrate that there are cases where each one of them
outputs better clusterings. In contrast to the current trend of looking for a superior clustering algorithm, our findings demonstrate the need for a variety of different clustering algorithms.
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Shahin, Mojtaba. "An empirical study of architecting and organizing for DevOps." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/116767.
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Attracted by increasing the need of being able to improve business competitiveness and performance, many organizations have started to optimize themselves to develop and deliver high-quality values more quickly and reliably. Development and Operations (DevOps) is emerging as a promising approach in the software industry to help organizations to realize this goal. However, establishing DevOps practices, specifically continuous delivery and continuous deployment practices, in the industry is a challenge as it requires new organizational capabilities and novel techniques, methods and tools for application design, testing and deployment.
Most research on DevOps focuses on tooling support, improving automation in testing and deployment, improving performance and integrating security into the deployment process to initiate and implement DevOps. To date, little is known about the impact of continuous delivery and deployment as two main DevOps practices on organizational structure (i.e., team structure) and the architecture of a system, those that are supposed to be fundamental limitations to adopt these practices.
This thesis aims at filling this gap by conducting a set of empirical studies. We first design and conduct a systematic literature review to gain a comprehensive understanding of the concept of continuous delivery and deployment and the current state of research in this regard. Second, we design, implement and analyze a large-scale mixed-methods empirical study, consisting of 21 interviews and 98 survey responses. Finally, we conduct an in-depth industrial case study with two teams in a case company to explore the role of software architecture in DevOps transition. The empirical studies contribute to (1) provide detailed insights into the specifics of challenges moving from continuous delivery to continuous deployment; (2) find how teams are organized in software industry for adopting continuous delivery and deployment; and (3) develop evidence-based guidelines on how to (re-) architect an application to enable and support continuous delivery and deployment.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science, 2018
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CHANG, YU-WEI, and 常有為. "An Empirical Study of Smartphone Addiction." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74068328123759931681.
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碩士<br>中華科技大學<br>資訊服務與創新應用產業碩士專班<br>103<br>The application of smartphone has attracted a lot of attention in the mobile communication era. The smartphone provides us the richness and convenient life. However the negative impact of smartphone using on health and spirit issues, such as smartphone addiction and mobile phone addiction, have been discussed in recent years. There are a lot of discussions for internet addiction or social network addiction in previous studies. However, there are a few researches on smartphone addiction. In this study, we based on the Self-efficacy theory model, extended by technostress, time flexibility and compulsive anxiety as our research model and try to figure out the facts influence smartphone addiction. Hypothesis testing was performed using SmartPLS on data collected with 268 smartphone users. The results show that smartphone addictions were affected by compulsive anxiety, technostress and smartphone self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Sung, Wen-Hsuan, and 宋文軒. "Taylor Rule in Taiwan：An Empirical Study." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cwsqxt.
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碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>經濟學研究所<br>92<br>Macroeconomists have long been interested in modeling the central bank''s reaction function. The central bank''s reaction function plays an important role in a wide variety of macroeconomic analyses. It can provide a basis for forecasting changes in the central bank''s policy instrument; the reaction function is an important element in evaluating central bank policy and the effects of other policy actions.
This paper uses“The Taylor Rule” to investigate if the central bank in Taiwan adopts “The Taylor Rule” to manage Taiwan''s economy. It is found that central bank in Taiwan does not adopt“The Taylor Rule” to manage Taiwan''s economy. So, this paper estimates dynamic Taylor-type reaction functions to capture important elements of the policy regimes. From the empirical evidence, I found that inflation rate may be not an important element when the central bank implements momentary policy. I also found that the exchange rate is a significant variable to explain the interest rate, and that lagged interest rate target, output gap and lagged output gap will influence interest rate. However the dynamic Taylor-Rule is not a stable reaction function, implying it can not be used in implementing monetary policy.
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Minhsing, Liu, and 劉敏行. "An Empirical Study on Relationship among." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39408098876661755746.
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Chiang, George, and 江乾正. "Empirical Study of Resale Price Maintenance:." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74063765993652138014.
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Shieh, Yun-Tai, and 謝昀泰. "The Empirical Study of Portfolio Insurance." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98750833640983682098.
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碩士<br>樹德科技大學<br>金融保險研究所<br>93<br>Abstract
This research works out two groups of strategies for investors’ reference by putting different rates of Market Move Discipline into three types of Option-Based Portfolio Insurance and four types of Portfolio Insurance. The results of this research show that when the share price is going up, the CM Strategy performs best with the Market Move Discipline of 10% and the rebound rate of 5%; when the share price is going down, the CPPI and TIPP strategies perform best with the Market Move Discipline of 3% and the rebound rate of 10%; when the stock market is dull, the covered call strategy performs best with the Market Move Discipline of 5% and the rebound rate of 5%.
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Chou, Chine-Lung, and 周建龍. "Currency Substitution：An Empirical Study of Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3fztp9.
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碩士<br>嶺東科技大學<br>財務金融研究所<br>100<br>This study sets up a currency substitution model in the small open economy, and derives the demand function of domestic currency, as a basis for empirical analysis. The ADSL model is the econometric method in this study. The results of study are omissions in other literature that showed the currency complementary relationship between the RMB and NT, Yen and NT.