Academic literature on the topic 'Employees' deposits'
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Journal articles on the topic "Employees' deposits"
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Jones, Jeffrey Scott. "The impact of employer-delayed deposits on plan participant wealth." Managerial Finance 42, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 1171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-02-2016-0052.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of employer-delayed deposits to defined contribution plans on plan participant wealth. The history of regulatory oversight on the obligations of employers to remit deposits to defined contribution plans on behalf of employees is discussed. In light of these regulations, the paper discusses and examines situations in which employers may legally delay the deposit of employee contributions to a defined contribution plan and how the existence of various calendar anomalies may impact the returns of plan participants. Design/methodology/approach Simulated equity portfolios over the period 1985-2014 are created to determine the economic significance of possible delays in plan deposits on the accumulated wealth of plan participants. Findings The findings suggest that in situations where employees are paid monthly at the end of the month, it is always to their benefit to have their funds deposited as soon as possible. However, for employees paid weekly at the end of the week, a slight delay (one to three days) in the deposit of funds by the employer may actually be beneficial for the employee, particularly if the employee invests heavily in small and mid-cap stocks. Originality/value This is the first paper to explicitly study the impact of an employer’s timing of deposits to a defined contribution plan on the accumulated wealth of plan participants, and is thus the primary contribution of the paper.
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Dasgupta, Sudipto, Yupeng Lin, Takeshi Yamada, and Zilong Zhang. "Employee Inside Debt and Firm Risk-Taking: Evidence from Employee Deposit Programs in Japan." Review of Corporate Finance Studies 8, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 302–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rcfs/cfz003.
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Abstract Unlike broad-based equity ownership by employees, ownership of company debt by rank-and-file employees has not received much attention. We argue that company debt held by employees in the form of in-company deposits can monitor risk-taking and facilitate risk discovery. Employee deposits have been historically widely used in Japan. For a sample of 2,104 Japanese firms, using an identification strategy that utilizes a new law in 2003 that changed the priority of employee deposits in bankruptcy and led to large-scale withdrawals of employee deposits, we find that employee deposits mitigate firms’ risk-taking behavior and reduce the agency cost of debt. Received November 2, 2018; editorial decision May 1, 2019 by Editor Andrew Ellul. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
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Hamdan, Mohammad, Marie Bany Khaled, and Sakhr Bany Khaled. "Employee Benefits Accounting, Its Impact on the Market Share Price, the Volume of Credit Facilities and Deposits." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n1p23.
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This study aims to examine the impact of employee benefitsaccounting (direct and indirect compensation) on (market price, volume of credit facilities and volume of deposits). The study community is represented by commercialbanks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE), all the continuous banks whose financial data were available during the study period (2007-2015) were selected represented in (13) banks. In order to realize the objectives of the study, the study was based on qualitative data and analytical descriptive method (Panel Data), (E-Views) economic statistics software was used to test hypotheses. The results of the study showed that there is a statisticallysignificant impact on both typesof employees compensations as a whole (direct and indirect) on the market share price, the volume of credit facilities and the volume of deposits. While the results of the study confirmed that the indirect compensation has not got an impact on the volume of customer deposits when it is measured separately. Finally, the study recommended the need to apply good systems that take into account the interest of both the employers and employees for the positive impact on the market share price, the volume of credit facilities and the volume of deposits.
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Rohaedi, Rosalia Alima Utami. "Tanggung Jawab Bank terhadap Simpanan Deposito Berjangka yang Tidak Tercatat dihubungkan dengan Perlindungan Hukum Nasabah menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan." Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum 1, no. 1 (October 26, 2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jrih.v1i1.179.
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Abstract. Banking institutions have a role as supporting the economic life of a country and improve the living standards of the people and has the function of a financial intermediary (financial intermediary), which serves to raise and distribute funds to the community. Law No. 10 of 1998 on Banking there is a discussion about responsibility and legal protection of customers for deposits for the actions of bank employees. In raising these funds, customer trust Mega-Banks to deposit funds in the form of transaction deposits. In practice, YA as employees of a Mega Bank did not record such transactions to the banking system officially. As a result the customer can not dilute the deposit slip. Based on this, the problem in this research is formulated as follows: (1) How is the responsibility of the bank to the savings deposits of which are not recorded according to Law No. 10 of 1998 on Banking? (2) How legal protection for the customers of the savings deposits of which are not recorded according to Law No. 10 of 1998 on Banking?. Researchers using the method of approach used in this research is normative juridical, namely the methods of researching and studying the material-primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. As well as a descriptive analysis, which describes the laws and regulations that apply associated with the theories of law in the implementation of practices on the issue under study. The results of this study (1) the responsibility of the bank on transactions deposits time deposits which are not recorded that according to article 1365 of the civil Code, namely the employees of the bank have committed acts against the law and is obliged to replace the loss amounted to a loss of the customer arising out of his guilt. (2) The legal protection that can be received by the customer of the bank in terms of transaction deposits time deposits which are not recorded in the banking system is authorized by the employee of Bank Mega. Then the customer is entitled to get legal protection directly regulated in Article 29 paragraph (3) of the Banking Act that the bank is obliged to travel a ways that are not detrimental to the bank and the interests of the clients who entrust their funds to the bank. As well as the protection is not directly according to Article 29, paragraph 2 of Law No. 10 of 1998 on Banking which gives legal protection to depositors in the form of the implementation of the principle of prudence, as well as financial institutions are required to keep the security deposit.
Abstrak. Lembaga perbankan mempunyai peran sebagai menunjang kehidupan ekonomi suatu negara serta meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat dan mempunyai fungsi financial intermediary (lembaga perantara keuangan) yang berfungsi menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana kepada masyarakat. Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan terdapat pembahasan tentang tanggung jawab serta perlindungan hukum nasabah mengenai simpanan atas tindakan pegawai bank. Dalam melakukan penghimpunan dana tersebut, nasabah mempercayai Bank Mega untuk menyimpan dana dalam bentuk transaksi deposito berjangka. Pada praktiknya, YA selaku pegawai Bank Mega tidak melakukan pencatatan transaksi tersebut kepada sistem perbankan secara resmi. Akibatnya nasabah tidak dapat mencairkan bilyet deposito. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka permasalahan dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimana tanggung jawab bank terhadap simpanan deposito berjangka yang tidak tercatat menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan? (2) Bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah terhadap simpanan deposito berjangka yang tidak tercatat menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan?. Peneliti menggunakan metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normative, yaitu metode yang meneliti dan mempelajari bahan-bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Serta deskriptif analisis, yaitu menggambarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku yang dikaitkan dengan teori-teori hukum dalam pelaksanaan praktik pada masalah yang diteliti. Hasil dari penelitian ini (1) Tanggung jawab bank atas transaksi simpanan deposito berjangka yang tidak tercatat yaitu menurut pasal 1365 KUHPerdata yaitu pegawai bank tersebut telah melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum dan wajib untuk mengganti kerugian sebesar kerugian nasabah yang timbul dari kesalahannya. (2) Perlindungan hukum yang dapat diterima nasabah bank dalam hal transaksi simpanan deposito berjangka yang tidak tercatat dalam sistem perbankan secara resmi oleh pegawai Bank Mega. Maka nasabah berhak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum langsung yang diatur pada Pasal 29 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Perbankan bahwa bank wajib menempuh cara-cara yang tidak merugikan bank dan kepentingan nasabah yang mempercayakan dananya kepada bank. Serta pelindungan tidak langsung menurut Pasal 29 ayat 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan yaitu memberikan perlindungan hukum pelaksanaan prinsip kehati-hatian, serta lembaga keuangan wajib menjaga keamanan simpanan.
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Yurmaini, Yurmaini, and Khairil Ashari. "Analisis Efektivitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penggajian Karyawan Pada PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Al-Washliyah Medan." AT-TAWASSUTH: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 4, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/ajei.v4i2.5858.
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<p>This reseach aims to determine the effectiveness of Payroll Accounting Information Systems Employees at PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah Al-washliyah Medan. PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah Alwashliyah Medan is a bank finance institution based on sharia principles that accept deposits in the form of time deposits, savings and channeling funds as BPR business. To obtain the necessary data the researcher uses descriptive method with qualitative analysis. The data source used is using primary and secondary data. While to collect data researchers using observation techniques, interviews and literature. The results of research conducted by researchers, the effectiveness of payroll accounting information systems employees at PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah Alwashliyah Medan has not run effectively yet. This can be seen from the documents used in the company is the absence of payroll slips on payroll. Companies only apply amprah salary which is listed on amprah book salary. The absence of a paycheck makes the employee unaware of how much the salary is earned and how much deductions are charged to the employee each month, making it difficult for the finance department to make a payroll report and not applying the employee's memorial and income statement as a document for the remuneration of payroll Accounting is difficult to keep a payroll journal.</p>
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Yurmaini, Yurmaini, and Khairil Ashari. "Analisis Efektivitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penggajian Karyawan Pada PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Al-Washliyah Medan." AT-TAWASSUTH: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 4, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/ajei.v4i2.5858.
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<p>This reseach aims to determine the effectiveness of Payroll Accounting Information Systems Employees at PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah Al-washliyah Medan. PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah Alwashliyah Medan is a bank finance institution based on sharia principles that accept deposits in the form of time deposits, savings and channeling funds as BPR business. To obtain the necessary data the researcher uses descriptive method with qualitative analysis. The data source used is using primary and secondary data. While to collect data researchers using observation techniques, interviews and literature. The results of research conducted by researchers, the effectiveness of payroll accounting information systems employees at PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah Alwashliyah Medan has not run effectively yet. This can be seen from the documents used in the company is the absence of payroll slips on payroll. Companies only apply amprah salary which is listed on amprah book salary. The absence of a paycheck makes the employee unaware of how much the salary is earned and how much deductions are charged to the employee each month, making it difficult for the finance department to make a payroll report and not applying the employee's memorial and income statement as a document for the remuneration of payroll Accounting is difficult to keep a payroll journal.</p>
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Morozan, Vladimir V. "Specifics of Service in the Archive of the St. Petersburg Office of the State Bank in the Early 20th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2020): 478–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-478-492.
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The article discusses specific features of service in the archive of the deposits department of the St. Petersburg office of the State Bank in the early 20th century. The author reviews labor conditions and wages of archive employees. The documents storage in the deposit department was one of the largest of all such institutions in the extensive network of branches of the St. Petersburg office of the State Bank. Specific operational activities of the deposits department necessitated storing considerable volume of documents in their archive. Servicing a large clientele, who could deposit or withdraw capital at any date, required from archivists much effort no just to safeguard bank documents, but also to issue numerous account statements for various private and state institutions, as well as residents of the capital and its environs, whenever the deposit department employees demanded them. For timely provision of the necessary information on accounts to the bank officials, the archive employees listed information on each client, creating a unique database. Most painstaking was their work on compilation of the so-called “movable alphabet,” index of 1.5 million cards for all clients of the St. Petersburg office (by the end of 1917). Systematization of documents and maintaining of the archive also demanded much effort. Quite often the archive employees lacked time, and thus a significant amount of random unfilled documents accumulated over time. The article discusses ways to overcome these difficult situations, for instance, by outsourcing. The article provides some information on the archive officials, their wages, bank vacation/leave policies. It is noteworthy that in the days of World War I the archive began employing women, most often wives of bookbinders called for military service. The experiment was extremely successful. The State Bank highly appreciated their professional qualities and willingly hired women, when there was a vacancy.
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Harahap, Sofyan S., Muhammad Nur Nasution, and Ramlan Harahap. "KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA BANK ISLAM STUDI KASUS SUATU BANK ISLAM DI INDONESIA." Media Riset Bisnis & Manajemen 6, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mrbm.v6i2.8145.
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"Even Egypt, Malaysia, Pakistan and other countries have established and experienced in Islamic bank earlier than of Indonesia, history and development of Islamic bank in Indonesia is unique and spectacular. Even Indonesia is the most populous Muslim country the first Islamic bank was established in 1992 under strong support of Presiden Soeharto. Then other two banks were established (Bank Syariah Mandiri in 1999 and Bank Syariah Mega Indonesia 2004. Bank Indonesia as the indonesia's central bank has opended the door to conventional bank to open their syariah unit Islamic banks among others: BRI, BNI, BII, Danamon, IFI, Permata, Bukopin, BTN, Niaga, bank DKI dan bank Jabar. Market share of Islamic bank in Indonesia in 2006 was 1,52 %. The paper stuies how An Islamic bank provide service and what the perception of customers on 7 dimensions of service quality: "voluntere, employee competence, security, retiability, emphaly, responsiveness and tangible. Using survey method and field study the study shows that satisfactory was in bank information, service employees, syariah implementation, emphaty and responsiveness. Customers put high expectation on implimentation of syariah, reliability, product variations e.g ATM, deposits, educational deposit, Islamic card, employee's knowledge on bank products, service and uniform.
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Biong, Harald, and Ragnhild Silkoset. "Buying CSR with employees’ pensions? The effect of social responsible investments on Norwegian SMEs’ choice of pension fund management." International Journal of Bank Marketing 35, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2015-0162.
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Purpose Employees often expect an emphasis on financial aspects to be predominant when their employers choose a fund management company for the investment of employees’ pension fund deposits. By contrast, in an attempt to appear as socially responsible company managers may emphasize social responsibility (SR) in pension fund choices. The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent managers for small- and medium-sized companies emphasize SR vs expected returns when choosing investment managers for their employees’ pension funds. Design/methodology/approach A conjoint experiment among 276 Norwegian SMEs’ decision makers examines their trade-offs between social and financial goals in their choice of employees’ pension management. Furthermore, the study examines how the companies’ decision makers’ characteristics influence their pension fund management choices. Findings The findings show that the employers placed the greatest weight to suppliers providing funds adhering to socially responsible investment (SRI) practices, followed by the suppliers’ corporate brand credibility, the funds’ expected return, and the suppliers’ management fees. Second, employers with investment expertise emphasized expected returns and downplayed SR in their choice, whereas employers with stated CSR-strategies downplayed expected return and emphasized SR. Originality/value Choice of supplier to manage employees’ pension funds relates to a general discussion on whether companies should do well – maximizing value, or do good, – maximizing corporate SR. In this study, doing well means maximizing expected returns and minimizing costs of the pension investments, whereas doing good means emphasizing SRI in this choice. Unfortunately, the employees might pay a price for their companies’ ethicality as moral considerations may conflict with maximizing the employees’ pension fund value.
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Nuryadi and Intan Permatasari. "ANALYSIS OF REPORTING AND CALCULATION OF PPH 21 INCOME TAX REPORT ON PERMANENT EMPLOYEES PT. TASINDO JAYA UTAMA SURABAYA." International Journal of Global Accounting, Management, Education, and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.48024/ijgame2.v2i1.50.
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This study aims to describe whether the reporting and calculation of PT. Tasindo Jaya Utama is in compliance with the Income Tax Law No.36 of 2008. The data studied were the results of interviews from PT. Tasindo Jaya Utama is related to income tax. Data collection techniques used are: field research, documentation, observation, interviews. The method used is descriptive qualitative.
The data source used in this study is primary data. The result of this research is a comparison of the tax calculations from PT. Tasindo Jaya Utama with the author's calculations referring to the Law no. 36 of 2008, there is no difference in the income tax article payable and for tax deposits and reporting of PT. Tasindo uses Annual SPT and SSP, deposits and reports are made before the tax due date. PT. Tasindo Jaya Utama has made a deposit reporting and calculation in accordance with Law no. 36 of 2008.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Employees' deposits"
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Dawen, Kristina van. "Subjektorientierung in der soziologischen Organisationsberatung /." Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2991470&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Neuhöfer, Daniel. "Monitoring employees' e-mail communication : a comparative analysis of employers' criminal liability under British and German law /." München : AVM, 2010. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3434591&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Petkovic, Mladen. "Employer-Branding ein markenpolitischer Ansatz zur Schaffung von Präferenzen bei der Arbeitgeberwahl." München Mering Hampp, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2935142&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Honnef, Gudrun. "Besser selbstständig ? : Unternehmensgründungen von westdeutschen, ostdeutschen und türkischstämmigen Frauen." Königstein/Taunus Helmer, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2957630&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Reiners, Felix. "Networking in Organisationen /." Mering, Schwab : Hampp, R, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3125253&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textBooks on the topic "Employees' deposits"
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United States. Office of Personnel Management. Retirement and Insurance Service, ed. Deposits and redeposits. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Retirement and Insurance Service, 1997.
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United States. Office of Personnel Management. Retirement and Insurance Service., ed. Deposits and redeposits. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Retirement and Insurance Service, 1997.
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United States. Office of Personnel Management. Retirement and Insurance Service., ed. Deposits and redeposits under Civil Service Retirement System. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Retirement and Insurance Service, 1995.
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Nanase, Tokio. Kinrōsha zaisan keisei sokushinhō no kaisetsu. Tōkyō: Rōdō Hōrei Kyōkai, 1997.
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Institute of Policy Studies (Singapore), ed. Central Provident Fund. Singapore: Institute of Policy Studies, 2016.
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Ikahata, Akira. Chingin shiharai kakuhohō no kaisetsu. Tōkyō: Rōmu Gyōsei Kenkyūjo, 1996.
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Chaturvedi, Ram Gopal. Law of employees' provident funds: Being an exhaustive, analytical, thoroughly revised, amended and updated commentary on the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 alongwith Employees Provident Funds Scheme, 1952, Employees' Pension Scheme, 1995, Employees' Depost-Linked Insurance Scheme, 1976, Employees Provident Funds Appellate Tribunal (Procedure) Rules, 1997, Employees' Provident Funds Appellate Tribunal (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1997 and other useful matter with a special chapter guide for employees and employers. 2nd ed. Jaipur: Bharat Law Publications, 2003.
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Martorell, Ernesto Eduardo. Despido por fuerza mayor y por causas económicas: Hiperinflación, recesión, devaluación, exacción de depositos ... Buenos Aires: Editorial Universidad, 1990.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Nomination of L. William Seidman: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on the nomination of L. William Seidman of Arizona, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for a term of 6 years, from October 21, 1985, vice William M. Isaac, term expired, September 19, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Nomination of William Taylor: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, on the nomination of William Taylor, of Illinois, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for a term expiring February 28, 1993 ... September 24, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Employees' deposits"
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Behnam, Sarah, Giacomo Bonaiti, Severin Filek, and Tamara König. "Co-Design of Creative Products Embedding Recycled Fibers." In Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 215–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_11.
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AbstractThe involvement of designers in the sustainable transition from linear to circular economy is crucial since they significantly contribute to the realization of products and services. In the FiberEUse project, a multiple-step approach to co-design was employed, starting with the definition of a first and second design brief in order to clarify the task objectives for designers. This was followed by the description of the co-design process, which aims to engage designers to contribute innovative design concepts for recycled composites. By publishing design concepts in the feedback collection software module Idea Manager, designers and users were able to exchange information, insights, visions, and thoughts digitally. The Idea Manager comprises a feedback collection tool that supports a first assessment of design concepts. Depending on the design briefing and/or confidentiality agreements, the feedback collection and the assessment can either be done (stakeholder-)internally or publicly. A flowchart illustrates the multi-step approach of co-design within the FiberEUse project. The feedback collection process was aided by a progress analysis to detect new value chains for business cases. For the selection of product design concepts, a progress analysis partitioned into four main criteria, the following aspects are drawn on for assessment: (i) quantitative and qualitative production feasibility, (ii) closeness to market introduction, (iii) potential volume of the market, (iv) circularity, (v) type of market, (vi) service opportunities, and (vii) take-back/deposit systems. Aside from bringing out the advantages of co-design for consumers as well as production companies, this chapter also discusses general challenges of co-design and co-creation in a broader sense when intellectual property rights (IPR) are not respected appropriately. The participation in a publicly accessible co-design of concepts must be clearly communicated and accepted by each participant by agreeing to intelligible terms and conditions.
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Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Real-Time Element Movement in a Plant." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis, 109–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_4.
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AbstractWe developed an imaging method utilizing the available RIs. We developed two types of real-time RI imaging systems (RRIS), one for macroscopic imaging and the other for microscopic imaging. The principle of visualization was the same, converting the radiation to light by a Cs(Tl)I scintillator deposited on a fiber optic plate (FOS). Many nuclides were employed, including 14C, 18F, 22Na, 28Mg, 32P 33P, 35S, 42K, 45Ca, 48V, 54Mn, 55Fe, 59Fe, 65Zn, 86Rb, 109Cd, and 137Cs.Since radiation can penetrate the soil as well as water, the difference between soil culture and water culture was visualized. 137Cs was hardly absorbed by rice roots growing in soil, whereas water culture showed high absorption, which could provide some reassurance after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident and could indicate an important role of soil in firmly adsorbing the radioactive cesium.28Mg and 42K, whose production methods were presented, were applied for RRIS to visualize the absorption image from the roots. In addition to 28Mg and 42K, many nuclides were applied to image absorption in the roots. Each element showed a specific absorption speed and accumulation pattern. The image analysis of the absorption of Mg is presented as an example. Through successive images of the element absorption, phloem flow in the aboveground part of the plant was analyzed. The element absorption was visualized not only in the roots but also in the leaves, a basic study of foliar fertilization.In the case of the microscopic imaging system, a fluorescence microscope was modified to acquire three images at the same time: a light image, fluorescent image, and radiation image. Although the resolution of the image was estimated to be approximately 50 μm, superposition showed the expression site of the transporter gene and the actual 32P-phosphate absorption site to be the same in Arabidopsis roots.
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Cernusak, Lucas A., and Nerea Ubierna. "Carbon Isotope Effects in Relation to CO2 Assimilation by Tree Canopies." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 291–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_9.
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AbstractThe carbon atoms deposited in tree rings originate from the CO2 in the atmosphere to which the tree’s canopy is exposed. Thus, the first control on the stable carbon-isotope composition of tree rings is by δ13C of atmospheric CO2. There has been an inter-annual trend of decreasing δ13C of atmospheric CO2 over the past two centuries as a result of combustion of fossil fuels and land-use change. Atmospheric CO2 is, for the most part, well mixed, but the sub-canopy air space can become depleted in 13C due to inputs from soil and plant respiration when turbulent exchange with the troposphere is hindered, for example by a high leaf area index at night. This is less likely to occur during daytime when turbulence is higher and photosynthesis takes place. Discrimination against 13C (∆13C) occurs upon assimilation of atmospheric CO2 by C3 photosynthesis. Trees using the C3 photosynthetic pathway comprise the overwhelming majority of all trees. The primary control on the extent of discrimination during C3 photosynthesis is the drawdown in CO2 concentration from the air outside the leaf to the site of carboxylation in the chloroplast. Part of this drawdown is captured by ci/ca, that is, the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations. The ci/ca represents the balance between the CO2 supply by stomata and its demand by photosynthesis. It can be related to water-use efficiency, the amount of CO2 taken up by photosynthesis for a given amount of water loss to the atmosphere, assuming a given evaporative demand. To predict time-averaged ci/ca from wood ∆13C, a simplified, linear model can be employed. In this linear model, the slope is determined by $$\overline{b }$$ b ¯ , the effective enzymatic discrimination. The value of $$\overline{b }$$ b ¯ can be estimated by comparing wood ∆13C to representative measurements of ci/ca. The $$\overline{b }$$ b ¯ was originally estimated from observations of leaf tissue to have a value of 27‰. We compiled data for woody stem tissue here, and our analysis suggests that a lower $$\overline{b }$$ b ¯ should be used in the simplified model for wood ($$\overline{b }$$ b ¯ = 25.5‰) than for leaves ($$\overline{b }$$ b ¯ = 27‰). This is also consistent with widespread observations that woody tissues are enriched in 13C compared to leaves.
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Pachpande, Priti, and Sham Bachhav. "An Elephantine Exercise." In Indian Business Case Studies Volume IV, 29—C5.P19. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869401.003.0005.
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Abstract State Bank of India seems to be biting off more than it can chew by merging five associate banks with itself. The merger with five associate banks (plus Bhartiya Mahila bank) will bring challenges for SBI in major districts in the country. More so, in states where the associate banks are headquartered—Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, and Kerala. In fact, the branch gridlock is just one of the many pain points. For instance, the stressed loans of the five associate banks (gross NPAs and restructured loans) add up to a staggering Rs 35,396 crore. This amounts to almost half of SBI’s stressed loans portfolio of Rs 66,117 crore in 2015/16. In contrast, the deposits, advances, and assets of these banks are less than one-fifth of SBI. The merger itself is the biggest in the Indian banking industry. The bank is swallowing five associate banks with assets of Rs 6.03 lakh crore—it’s almost equal to the size of the country’s largest private bank ICICI Bank that has assets of Rs 7.17 lakh crore. The merged SBI entity would have deposits of Rs 21 lakh crore; advances of Rs 18 lakh crore; net profits of Rs 11,589 crore; 24,000-plus branches; 58,000 ATMs and 270,000 employees. Compare these figures with ICICI Bank—deposits of Rs 4.21 lakh crore; advances of Rs 4.35 lakh crore; net profits of Rs 9,726 crore; 4,450 branches; 14,305 ATMs and 74,000 employees. ‘It is easier to merge the balance sheet numbers, but the real challenge is to merge the people (and culture), products (and clients), branches (and personal touch), etc.,’ remarks a banking consultant. This case study attempts to analyse the various implications, financial, and others, of the merger of SBI with its five associate banks.
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Singer, Donald, and W. David Menzie. "Grade-and-Tonnage Models." In Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessments. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195399592.003.0009.
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Mineral deposit models are important in quantitative resource assessments for two reasons: (1) grades and tonnages of most deposit types are significantly different (Singer, Cox, and Drew, 1975; Singer and Kouda, 2003), and (2) deposit types occur in different geologic settings that can be identified from geologic maps. If assessments were only conducted to estimate amounts of undiscovered metals, we would need contained metal models, but determining whether the metals might be economic to recover is an important quality of most assessments, and grades and tonnages are necessary to estimate economic viability of mineral deposits (see chapter 5). In this chapter, we focus on the first part of three-part assessments: grade-and-tonnage models. Too few thoroughly explored mineral deposits are available in most areas being assessed for reliable identification of the important geoscience variables or for robust estimation of undiscovered deposits, so we need mineral-deposit models that are generalized. Well-designed and well-constructed grade-and-tonnage models allow mineral economists to determine the possible economic viability of the resources in the region and provide the foundation for planning. Thus, mineral deposit models play the central role in transforming geoscience information to a form useful to policy-makers. Grade-and-tonnage models are fundamental in the development of other kinds of models such as deposit-density and economic filters. Frequency distributions of tonnages and average grades of well-explored deposits of each type are employed as models for grades and tonnages of undiscovered deposits of the same type in geologically similar settings. Grade-and-tonnage models (Cox and Singer, 1986; Mosier and Page, 1988; Bliss, 1992a, 1992b; Cox et al., 2003; Singer, Berger, and Moring, 2008) combined with estimates of number of undiscovered deposits are the fundamental means of translating geologists’ resource assessments into a language that decision-makers can use. For example, creation of a grade-and-tonnage model for rhyolite-hosted Sn deposits in 1986 demonstrated for the first time that 90 percent of such deposits contain less than 4,200 tons of ore. This made it clear that an ongoing research project by the U.S. Geological Survey on this deposit type could have no effect on domestic supplies of tin, and the project was cancelled.
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Stupnik, Mykola, and Volodymyr Shatokha. "History and Current State of Mining in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Deposit." In Iron Ores [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96120.
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In 2021 one of the world’s largest iron ore deposit in Kryvyi Rih (Ukraine) celebrates 140 years of its exploitation history. During the whole period of its existence the deposit has played and continues to play an important role in the development of Ukraine’s economy, being the main basis of its iron and steel industry. More than 6 billion tons of marketable iron ore extracted during this period and some 20 billion tons of waste rock has been mined. The deposit constitutes 82% of Ukraine’s iron ore output making the country the 7th biggest producer and 5th biggest iron ore exporter with value of USD 4 billion in 2019. In this chapter the historic aspects of deposit’s development and current state of its exploration are analyzed, including processing techniques employed to produce high grade iron ore concentrate, sinter and pellets. Characteristics of iron ores’ mineralogical composition and the features of the deposit’s geological genesis are also presented. Special attention is paid to the ongoing and planned modernization and deployment of innovative technologies aimed to enhance the competitiveness and to reduce environmental footprint of exploration.
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Zalasiewicz, Jan, and Mark Williams. "Earth as a Snowball." In The Goldilocks Planet. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199593576.003.0008.
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Our attempts to reconstruct the climate of the distant Archaean in Chapter 1 might seem a little like reading a volume of Tolstoy’s War and Peace recovered from a burnt-out house. Most of the pages have turned to ash, and only some scattered sentences remain on a few charred pages. The Proterozoic Eon that followed began 2.5 billion years ago, thus is not quite so distant from us in time. We know it a little better than the Archaean—at least a handful of pages from its own book have survived. And this book is long—the Proterozoic lasted nearly two billion years. This is as long as the Hadean and Archaean together, and not far short of half of Earth’s history. Like many a soldier’s account of war, it combined long periods of boredom and brief intervals of terror—or their climatic equivalents, at least. The latter included the most intense glaciations that ever spread across the Earth. Some of these may have converted the planet into one giant snowball. The earliest traces of glaciation on Earth are seen even before the Proterozoic, in rock strata of Archaean age, 2.9 billion years old, near the small South African town of Pongola. These rocks include sedimentary deposits called tillites, which are essentially a jumble of rock fragments embedded in finer sediment. The vivid, old-fashioned term for such deposits is ‘boulder clays’, while the newer and more formal name is ‘till’ for a recent deposit and ‘tillite’ for the hardened, ancient version. Many of the ancient blocks and boulders in the tillites of Pongola are grooved and scratched—a tell-tale sign that they have been dragged along the ground by debris-rich ice. This kind of evidence is among the first ever employed by scientists of the mid-nineteenth century, such as Louis Agassiz and William Buckland, to tell apart ice-transported sediments from superficially similar ones that had formed as boulder-rich slurries when rivers flooded or volcanoes erupted. Ice, then, appeared on Earth in Archaean times.
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Vat, Kam Hou. "Designing OMIS-Based Collaboration for Learning Organizations." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 827–30. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch144.
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Today, the view that knowledge is a valuable organizational resource has become widely recognized and accepted in the business community. This is largely due to the emergence of the knowledge-based economy (OECD, 1996), characterized by a highly competitive and turbulent business environment. One consequence is the increase in organizations’ efforts to deliberately manage knowledge. Organizations are realizing that their competitive edge is mostly the intellectual capital (brainpower) (Stewart, 1997) of their employees, and they are particularly interested in harnessing their human resources in order to stay ahead of the pack, through their soaring attention on specific aspects of knowledge management (De Hoog, van Heijst, van der Spek et al., 1999), which deals with the conceptualization, review, consolidation, and action phrases of creating, securing, combining, coordinating, and retrieving knowledge. Undeniably, with Web-based and intranet technologies (Dunn & Varano, 1999), the connectivity and possible sharing of organizational knowledge (bits and pieces of individual know-how scattered throughout the organization) are greatly enabled to cultivate the knowledge culture of the organization. In a knowledge-creating organization (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995), employees are expected to continually improvise and invent new methods to deal with unexpected difficulties, and to solve immediate problems and share these innovations with other employees through some effective communication channels or knowledge-transfer mechanisms. In fact, complete organizational knowledge is created only when individuals keep modifying their knowledge through interactions with other organizational members. The challenge that organizations now face is how to devise suitable information system (IS) support (Vat, 2000, 2002a, 2002b) to turn the scattered, diverse knowledge of their people into well-documented knowledge assets ready for deposit and reuse to benefit the whole organization. This article presents some learning organization perspectives of employee-based collaboration through the design of a specific IS support called the organizational memory information system—hence, the term OMIS.
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Latif, Rana Muhammad Amir, Muhammad Ibtisam Asghar, Muhammad Umer, and Khalid Hussain. "Blockchain-Based Secure and Efficient Ride Sharing System." In Handbook of Research on Cybersecurity Issues and Challenges for Business and FinTech Applications, 364–87. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5284-4.ch018.
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The attractive advantages of ridesharing include reduced traffic congestion and shared travel costs for users and drivers. However, most existing rideshare systems rely on an intermediary to coordinate the service, creating a single point of failure and raising privacy issues about exposure through internal and external assaults. The suggested approach allows drivers to provide ridesharing services directly to riders without needing a central hub or reliable intermediary. Sharing trips may teach passengers and drivers about transportation logistics without requiring them to change their plans or costs. The suggested system employs a time-locked technique to solve these problems. A membership deposit system for ridesharing services uses smart contracts and zero-knowledge evidence gathering. In short, the driver and the passenger need to put up some deposit to prove they are serious about using the blockchain. Later, a driver must show the blockchain that he or she was at the agreed-upon pick-up location at the appointed time.
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H. Altiti, Awwad, Rami O. Alrawashdeh, and Hani M. Alnawafleh. "Open Pit Mining." In Mining Techniques - Past, Present and Future. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92208.
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Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone-shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near-surface, nonselective and low-grade zones deposits. It often results in high productivity and requires large capital investments, low operating costs, and good safety conditions. The main topics that will be discussed in this chapter will include an introduction into the general features of open pit mining, ore body characteristics and configurations, stripping ratios and stripping overburden methods, mine elements and parameters, open pit operation cycle, pit slope angle, stability of mine slopes, types of highwall failures, mine closure and reclamation, and different variants of surface mining methods including opencast mining, mountainous mining, and artisan mining.
Conference papers on the topic "Employees' deposits"
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Li, Chang-Jiu, Guan-Jun Yang, and Cheng-Xin Li. "Recent Development of Porous Materials and Structured Surface Fabrication by Spray Deposition of Surface-Molten Particles." In ITSC 2012, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, A. McDonald, and F. L. Toma. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2012p0040.
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Abstract Thermal spray processes are generally employed to deposit dense coatings. The porosity in a thermal spray coating is limited up to about 20% down to less than 1%. The porous abradable coatings can be deposited by using composite powders containing pore-forms such as polymer. Recently, an effective method to deposit porous coating are being developed by directly utilizing semi-melted spray particles through controlling coating surface temperature. In this article, the recent investigations on the deposition of porous materials and ceramic abradable coatings by surface-melted spray particles are reviewed. The bonding formation between particles by controlling deposit surface temperature is essential to form porous deposits. By using flame spraying, different metallic porous deposits up to tens of millimeter thick from refractory molybdenum (Mo) to stainless steel are fabricated with a porosity level up to 70%. Porous alumina (Al2O3) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a porosity of over 60% are deposited for high temperature abradable coating applications directly by semi-molten ceramic particles. The deposition of convex-shaped YSZ particles is employed to construct the high performance structured cathode for solid oxide fuel cell application. Moreover, the deposited convex-shape particles are also utilized to fabricate effective super-hydrophobic surface. The recent progress on the deposition of surface-melted spray particles will enable many new applications for thermal spraying.
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Yao, J. T., C. J. Li, G. J. Yang, and C. X. Li. "Fabrication of Porous Stainless Steel through Semi-Molten Spray Particles Deposition by Flame Spraying." In ITSC 2012, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, A. McDonald, and F. L. Toma. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2012p0681.
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Abstract Porous materials possess many unique properties. Many processes have been employed to fabricate porous materials. Recently, it was found that a porous deposit can be created through controlling the deposition of semi-molten spray powder particles. In this study, porous 316L stainless steel deposits were prepared by flame spraying under different spray conditions to aim at controlling deposit porosity. During deposition the temperature of the substrate and/or deposit surface was kept at 600°C to ensure bonding formation between the spray particle and underlying particle. To understand the deposition process mechanism, the velocity of spray particles was quantitatively measured and the morphology of deposited isolated particles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy to estimate the melting degree of spray particles before impact. The microstructure of porous 316L stainless steel deposits was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and deposit porosity was estimated from its cross section by image analysis. It was found that pores were uniformly distributed in the deposit. The results showed that porosity of the 316L deposits changed from 20% to 50% with the change of spray particle melting degrees, resulting from the change of spray parameters. The examination showed that 3D through-deposit pore-net structure was created by viscoplastic flowing of the molten fraction of semi-molten particles which forms the bonding between necks of particles. The present results clearly demonstrated that a porous ferrous alloy based material can be formed by spray deposition through controlling the melting degree of spray particles.
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Bacher, Reinhard, and Gerhard Ruthammer. "Environmental Control Technologies in Drilling and Production Operations Within Austrian Oilfields." In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/ee-29122.
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It has to be the vision of an international oil and gas exploration and production company to explore for and produce oil and gas in the most economically efficient, social responsible and environmentally acceptable way. Based on this aim and due to the fact that Austria is a country with a environmental awareness and a high tourism level, OMV as the leading domestic oil and gas company had to elaborate strategies for the benefit of the company, its employees and shareholders, but also for the benefit of local communities maintaining the image of a healthy, clean and relaxing environment. The paper describes the different ways of implementing environmentally relevant technique and strategies beginning with exploration process and ending with the monitoring of oilfield wastes. Case histories demonstrate the concept of converting onshore drilling projects into action in environmentally sensitive regions using the idea of “ecological compensation”. Further a new technology of water treatment based on “microbiological clarification” is shown. With the new water treatment technology a valuable contribution to the protection of environment could be shared by OMV, because this method works without any application of biocides. Finally, innovative methods of calculating the risk potential of oilfield deposits using micro-geophysical surveys are illustrated. This measuring practice takes care of the electric resistivity contrast between oilfield deposits to its surrounding, so that any leakage can be observed immediately due to the change of electric resistivity profile. Generally the paper has the goal to illustrate acceptable ways to meet the environmental sensitivities of communities and authorities.
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Hussain, T., D. G. McCartney, P. H. Shipway, and T. Marrocco. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Porosity and Corrosion Performance of Cold Sprayed Titanium Deposits." In ITSC2010, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. DVS Media GmbH, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2010p0379.
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Abstract Cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS) can be used to deposit oxygen sensitive materials, such as titanium, without significant chemical degradation of the powder and with minimal heating of the substrate. The process is thus believed to have potential for the deposition of corrosion resistant barrier coatings. However, to be effective a barrier coating must not allow ingress of a corrosive liquid and hence must have minimal interconnected porosity. Thus the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of processing, including a post-spray annealing treatment, on the deposit meso- and microstructures and corrosion behavior. Commercially pure titanium powder was deposited using pre-heated nitrogen as main and powder carrier gas using a CGT Kinetiks 4000 system to produce coatings on stainless steel. Selected coatings were debonded from the substrate, and the resultant free standing deposits heat treated at 1050° C in vacuum for 60 minutes. Changes in microhardness were measured and correlated with microstructural changes. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), helium pycnometry and mercury porosimetry were all employed to examine the microstructural characteristics of coatings and free standing deposits, before and after heat treatment. Their corrosion performance was also investigated using potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3.5 wt% NaCl. The influences of heat treatment and corrosion behavior will be analyzed and discussed in terms of pores structure evolution and microstructural changes.
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Fan, S. Q., G. J. Yang, G. J. Liu, C. X. Li, C. J. Li, and L. Z. Zhang. "Characterization of Microstructure of TiO2 Coating Deposited by Vacuum Cold Spraying." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0247.
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Abstract The control of microstructure of TiO2 coating through preparation methods influences significantly the performance of the coating. In this study, vacuum cold spray process as a new coating technology is employed to deposit nanocrystalline TiO2 coatings on glass and stainless steel substrates. TiO2 deposits were formed using two types of nanocrystalline TiO2 powders having mean particle diameters of 200 nm and 25 nm. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis. The results demonstrate that a thick nanocrystalline TiO2 coating can be deposited by vacuum cold spray process. The coating was stacked of particles in agglomerate of several hundred nanometers. The coating presents a mesoporous microstructure which would be effective for applications in photocatalytic degradation, dye-sensitized solar cell and so on.
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Zhang, C., H. Liao, W. Y. Li, C. Coddel, C. J. Li, C. X. Li, and X. J. Ning. "Characterization of YSZ SOFC Electrolyte Deposited by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying and Low Pressure Plasma Spraying." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0415.
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Abstract Yttria doped zirconia has been widely employed as electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Plasma spraying is a cost-effective process to deposit YSZ electrolyte. In this study, the 8 mol % Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) layer was deposited by low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with fused-crushed and agglomerated powders to examine the effect of spray method and particle size on the electrical conductivity and gas permeability of YSZ coating. The microstructure of YSZ coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the gas permeability was significantly influenced by powder structure. The gas permeability of YSZ coating deposited by fused-crushed powder is one order lower in magnitude than that by agglomerated powder. Moreover, the gas permeability of YSZ deposited by LPPS is lower than that of APS YSZ. The electrical conductivity of the deposits through thickness direction was measured by potentiostat/galvanostat based on three-electrode assembly approach. The electrical conductivity of YSZ coating deposited by LPPS with fused-crushed powder of small particle size was 0.043 S × cm-1 at 1000°C, which is about 20% higher than that of APS YSZ with the same powder.
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Relue, William, Ebrahim Seidi, Lloyd H. Hihara, and Scott F. Miller. "Corrosion Performance of Different Aluminum Alloy Deposits Fabricated by Lateral Friction Surfacing." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70717.
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Abstract Friction surfacing technique is a thermo-mechanical approach for metallic deposition, suitable for a broad range of materials and applications. Friction surfacing can be employed for various industrial purposes such as coating, welding, repairing defective parts, surface hardening, and improving corrosion performance. In this technique, frictional heat generated at the interface of the consumable tool and substrate results in a severe plastic deformation at the end of the rod, enabling the deposition of a consumable material on the substrate surface. In this investigation, a novel method in friction surfacing, lateral friction surfacing, is employed to deposit the aluminum coatings. In this novel approach, the side of the consumable tool is pressed against the surface of the substrate, and the material transfer happens from the lateral surface of the tool. This technique provides extremely thin and smooth deposits, which are more consistent compared to the conventional approach of friction surfacing. Moreover, this technique enables fabricating of deposits in lower temperatures, lessening the thermal impacts on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the deposits. In this investigation plates of 1018 mild steel were partially coated with various aluminum alloys and corroded in an accelerated corrosion test chamber. The corrosion performance of the partially coated sample was evaluated by mass loss measurement. It was found that AA5086 offered the most corrosion protection. After 13 cycles of GM9540P test, equivalent to approximately 3½ years exposure at a mild/moderate marine site in Hawaii, almost all of the deposited aluminum was corroded off.
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Calla, E., D. G. McCartney, and P. H. Shipway. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Cold Sprayed Copper." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p0170.
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Abstract Deposition of copper by cold gas dynamic spraying has attracted much interest in recent years because of the capability to deposit low porosity oxide free coatings. However, it is generally found that as-deposited copper has a significantly greater hardness, and potentially lower ductility, than bulk material. This paper will describe work undertaken to investigate the effect of annealing heat treatments on the structure and mechanical properties of freestanding cold sprayed copper. After de-bonding from substrates these tracks were annealed for one hour at a range of temperatures up to 600 °C. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were all employed to examine the microstructure. The peak widths in XRD were analysed according to the Hall – Williamson method so that changes in grain size and microstrain (i.e. dislocation content) could be quantified. Mechanical behaviour of the deposits was studied by microhardness measurements and tensile testing. The influences of annealing on mechanical properties are rationalised in terms of microstructure evolution and its effect on strengthening and recrystallization mechanisms in metals. The softening behaviour of cold sprayed Cu is explained considering the low stacking fault energy of Cu and the possibility of dynamic recystallization occurring during spraying.
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Wei, Ying-Kang, Xiao-Tao Luo, and Chang-Jiu Li. "The Mechanisms of Enhancement of Inter-Particle Bonding in In-Situ Micro-Forging Assisted Cold Spray." In ITSC2019, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Koivuluoto, Y. Lau, H. Li, K. Shinoda, F. Toma, J. Veilleux, and C. Widener. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2019p0450.
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Abstract In this study, high-strength aluminum alloy AA7055 deposits are prepared using a recently developed cold spray process that employs in-situ microforging. The in-situ hammering effect is achieved by mixing large shot-peening particles into the spray powder and is shown to enhance interparticle bonding along with the plastic deformation of deposited particles. The underlying mechanisms are discussed based on the characterization of interface microstructure and the distribution of oxide film at the interparticle interface.
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Truhan, John J., Karren L. More, and Roger S. Rangarajan. "The Erosion-Corrosion of Intake Valve Sealing Surfaces Due to the Formation of Lubricating Oil Deposits." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64227.
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Intake valves from natural gas-fired reciprocating engines displaying “torching” were examined to determine their failure mechanism. The principal features of the “torched” valves include a relatively thick black deposit on the tulip area of the valve extending to the sealing surface, partial loss of those deposits in various locations, and localized metal loss, oxidation and/or surface cracking in the spalled regions. Electron microprobe, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy were employed to characterize the deposit formation and metal loss mechanisms. The initial cause of the torching appears to be due to the localized spallation of a loosely adherent (Ca,Zn) phosphate oil deposit adjacent to the valve/seat seal which creates a channel of hot, high velocity combustion gases. Within the torched area, significant metal oxidation and metal recession due to erosion/corrosion was observed on the valve sealing face, creating a relatively wide gap where a valve/seat seal should be. In areas where torching is not evident on the valve sealing surface, no appreciable metal recession (but limited metal oxidation) was observed.
Reports on the topic "Employees' deposits"
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Chriscoe, Mackenzie, Rowan Lockwood, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Colonial National Historical Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2291851.
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Colonial National Historical Park (COLO) in eastern Virginia was established for its historical significance, but significant paleontological resources are also found within its boundaries. The bluffs around Yorktown are composed of sedimentary rocks and deposits of the Yorktown Formation, a marine unit deposited approximately 4.9 to 2.8 million years ago. When the Yorktown Formation was being deposited, the shallow seas were populated by many species of invertebrates, vertebrates, and micro-organisms which have left body fossils and trace fossils behind. Corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, worms, crabs, ostracodes, echinoids, sharks, bony fishes, whales, and others were abundant. People have long known about the fossils of the Yorktown area. Beginning in the British colonial era, fossiliferous deposits were used to make lime and construct roads, while more consolidated intervals furnished building stone. Large shells were used as plates and dippers. Collection of specimens for study began in the late 17th century, before they were even recognized as fossils. The oldest image of a fossil from North America is of a typical Yorktown Formation shell now known as Chesapecten jeffersonius, probably collected from the Yorktown area and very likely from within what is now COLO. Fossil shells were observed by participants of the 1781 siege of Yorktown, and the landmark known as “Cornwallis Cave” is carved into rock made of shell fragments. Scientific description of Yorktown Formation fossils began in the early 19th century. At least 25 fossil species have been named from specimens known to have been discovered within COLO boundaries, and at least another 96 have been named from specimens potentially discovered within COLO, but with insufficient locality information to be certain. At least a dozen external repositories and probably many more have fossils collected from lands now within COLO, but again limited locality information makes it difficult to be sure. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for Colonial National Historical Park (COLO). Although COLO fossils have been studied as part of the Northeast Coastal Barrier Network (NCBN; Tweet et al. 2014) and, to a lesser extent, as part of a thematic inventory of caves (Santucci et al. 2001), the park had not received a comprehensive paleontological inventory before this report. This inventory allows for a deeper understanding of the park’s paleontological resources and compiles information from historical papers as well as recently completed field work. In summer 2020, researchers went into the field and collected eight bulk samples from three different localities within COLO. These samples will be added to COLO’s museum collections, making their overall collection more robust. In the future, these samples may be used for educational purposes, both for the general public and for employees of the park.
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Menéses-González, María Fernanda, Angélica María Lizarazo-Cuéllar, Diego Cuesta-Mora, and Daniel Esteban Osorio-Ramírez. Financial Development and Monetary Policy Transmission. Banco de la República Colombia, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1219.
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This paper estimates the effect of financial development on the transmission of monetary policy. To do so, the paper employs a panel data set containing financial development indicators, policy rates, lending rates, and deposit rates for 43 countries for the period 2000-2019 and applies the empirical strategy of Brandao Marques et al. (2020): firstly, monetary policy shocks are estimated using a Taylor-rule specification that relates changes in the policy rate to inflation, the output gap and other observables that are likely to influencemonetary policy decisions; secondly, the residuals of this estimation (policy shocks) are used in a specification that relates lending or deposit rates to, among others, policy shocks and the interaction between policy shocks and measures of financial development. The coefficient on this interaction term captures the effect of financial development on the relationship between policy shocks and lending or deposit rates. The main findings of the paper are twofold: on the one hand, financial development does strengthen the monetary policy transmission channel to deposit rates; that is, changes in the policy rate in economies with more financial development induce larger changes (in the same direction) in deposit rates than is the case in economies with less financial development. This result is particularly driven by the effect of the development of financial institutions on policy transmission – the effect of financial markets development turns out to be smaller in magnitude. On the other hand, financial development does not strengthen the transmission of monetary policy to lending rates. This is consistent with a credit channel which weakens in the face of financial development in a context where banks cannot easily substitute short-term funding sources. These results highlight the relevance of financial development for the functioning of monetary policy across countries, and possibly imply the necessity of a more active role of monetary authorities in fostering financial development.
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Floerchinger, Connie S., Jonathon C. Bez, M. J. Gravel, and Haining Qian. Establishing a Community Housing Linked Certificate of Deposit Program Recommendations for Iowa City Based on a Survey of Major Employers, Builders, and Developers. University of Iowa, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/yvqz-oq18.
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Schlossnagle, Trevor H., Janae Wallace,, and Nathan Payne. Analysis of Septic-Tank Density for Four Communities in Iron County, Utah - Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah. Utah Geological Survey, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ri-284.
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Iron County is a semi-rural area in southwestern Utah that is experiencing an increase in residential development. Although much of the development is on community sewer systems, many subdivisions use septic tank soil-absorption systems for wastewater disposal. Many of these septic-tank systems overlie the basin-fill deposits that compose the principal aquifer for the area. The purpose of our study is to provide tools for waterresource management and land-use planning. In this study we (1) characterize the water quality of four areas in Iron County (Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah) with emphasis on nutrients, and (2) provide a mass-balance analysis based on numbers of septic-tank systems, groundwater flow available for mixing, and baseline nitrate concentrations, and thereby recommend appropriate septic-system density requirements to limit water-quality degradation. We collected 57 groundwater samples and three surface water samples across the four study areas to establish baseline nitrate concentrations. The baseline nitrate concentrations for Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah are 1.51 mg/L, 1.42 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, and 1.76 mg/L, respectively. We employed a mass-balance approach to determine septic-tank densities using existing septic systems and baseline nitrate concentrations for each region. Nitrogen in the form of nitrate is one of the principal indicators of pollution from septic tank soil-absorption systems. To provide recommended septic-system densities, we used a mass-balance approach in which the nitrogen mass from projected additional septic tanks is added to the current nitrogen mass and then diluted with groundwater flow available for mixing plus the water added by the septic-tank systems themselves. We used an allowable degradation of 1 mg/L with respect to nitrate. Groundwater flow volume available for mixing was calculated from existing hydrogeologic data. We used data from aquifer tests compiled from drinking water source protection documents to derive hydraulic conductivity from reported transmissivities. Potentiometric surface maps from existing publications and datasets were used to determine groundwater flow directions and hydraulic gradients. Our results using the mass balance approach indicate that the most appropriate recommended maximum septic-tank densities in Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah are 23 acres per system, 7 acres per system, 5 acres per system, and 11 acres per system, respectively. These recommendations are based on hydrogeologic parameters used to estimate groundwater flow volume. Public valley-wide sewer systems may be a better alternative to septic-tank systems where feasible.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
Full textAbstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
Full textAbstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world