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Sumner, Jennifer L. "Healthcare communication networks the dissemination of employee information for hospital security /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002010.
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Owens, Mark F. "The behavioral effects of wage and employment policies with gift exchange present." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149002151.
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Masinghe, Egodage Kusumawathie. "Female labour force participation in Sri Lanka with special reference to graduate women." Master's thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131159.
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This study is an analysis of the economic activity of
women focussing on secondary and university educational
development in Sri Lanka. In this study males are compared
to females to ascertain levels of labour force participation
of females; all women are compared to graduate women to show
the effects of education on labour force participation of
women.
Educational policies prevalent in Sri Lanka have
resulted in an expansion of secondary and university
education for females. However, currently available sources
of data are inadequate to study the quality of education or
the effects of education on socio-demographic and sociocultural
and economic factors that influence labour force
participation of females. Differences in definitions used
by different censuses and surveys to collect information on
the economic activity of the population of Sri Lanka create
serious problems of comparability of time series data.
Even though the male labour force in Sri Lanka is
larger than the female labour force, the female labour force
has grown much faster with increasing numbers of educated
females entering the labour force. Those with education up
to university level have tended to have the highest levels
of labour force participation, with more than 90 per cent of
graduate women being employed. Most graduate women are
employed in the government sector in professional, technical
and related occupations, with a majority in the teaching profession. A considerable number of female graduates are
in mismatched employment.
Unemployment is acute among economically active
females, particularly those who have junior and senior
secondary educational qualifications.
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Glover, Judith. "French and British women in employment : domestic circumstances, employment patterns and occupational achievement, with particular reference to teachers and officeworkers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291613.
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Morrow, Virginia. "A sociological study of the economic roles of children, with particular reference to Birmingham and Cambridgeshire." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272722.
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Uken, Ernst-August. "Employment opportunities in the South African hotel industry with special reference to tourism." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16346.
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Bibliography: pages 111-113.The continued growth of the South African tourist industry was assumed and projections up to year 2020 were made to establish the corresponding growth in employment opportunities in the hotel industry. Overseas tourism is sensitive to and dependent on many factors. These were identified and the performance over the past two decades for bona fide overseas visitors, excluding mere border crossings, were extrapolated, accepting that oscillations about the suggested trend line will become greater in the future. In order to predict the growth of domestic tourism, cognisance had to be taken of the demographic development of the various population groups. The distribution of wealth among the various groups was estimated in the short, medium and long terms. On it depends the choice of accommodation when going on holiday. An evaluation was made of the employment pattern in the South African hotel industry. Published data from the Central Statistical Services and the Bureau of Financial Analysis (BFA) of the University of Pretoria were used. The 1982 Manpower Survey of the BFA proved particularly useful in establishing the present distribution of skilled staff in the industry by hotel grading and by geographical area. Performance ratios were calculated relative to capital invested and to revenue earned. The lowest staff to room ratios were used as criterion for optimal and most efficient usage of staff. The model thus developed with the aid of the Hewlett Packard STATP computer program, was based on actual present performance of a certain category of hotels. Unlike other approaches reported in the literature, a clear distinction was here made between skilled and unskilled labour. This distinction is considered to be of prime importance to any developing country where a shortage of skilled staff generally prevails, in contrast to a vast supply of untrained labour.
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Sugino, Akihiro. "Work and the blind identity in Japan with reference to the British experience." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1492/.
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This thesis explores Japanese employment policy for blind people in the context of the current decline of their traditionally reserved occupations. The thesis presents an historical analysis of the rise and fall of the occupational guild of the blind since the thirteenth century. The study focuses on blind people's attempts to reinforce their traditionally reserved occupations in the context of the emergence of Japanese social policy in the early twentieth century. Archival research suggests that the government refused to restore blind people's monopoly of massage under the influence of Western medicine and fashionable British integrationist ideas, the latter of which increasingly influenced the postwar policy despite the absence of any significant success in employment of the blind in ordinary industries. In order to assess the credibility of the government's belief in open employment, the development of British employment policy for the blind is explored. The analysis focuses on blind people's commitment to sheltered workshops, and suggests that the shift to open employment was largely caused by the government's concerns over the financial cost of providing sheltered workshops. The historical analysis in Japan and Britain demonstrates that protected employment was gradually eroded despite blind people's demand for preferential treatment. It was in this context that some blind people began to seek employment within the sighted world, but, in both countries, the blind identity was maintained in separation from the sighted. Based on in-depth interviews with 38 blind people and two postal surveys involving 323 blind people in Japan, the second part of the thesis explores why and how the blind identity is generated in the employment field, and how blind people themselves perceive work and equality. The thesis concludes that whereas the blind identity is generated by separation at work, that separation is not only due to social oppression but also to voluntary disengagement from sighted society and engagement in the blind community.
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Aubrey, J. "Employment change in West Yorkshire with special reference to food and soft drinks manufacture." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382026.
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Van, der Merwe Rowena. "Taxation of the South African tobacco industry : with special reference to its employment effects." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16116.
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Bibliography: pages 82-87.This study examines the economic impact of cigarette excise taxes in South Africa. In particular, it looks at the economic impact of increasing excise taxes, or in effect, reducing consumption, and the resultant impact on output and employment in the economy. Real cigarette excise taxes in South Africa have steadily declined over the period 1970 to 1995. As a result there has been a concomitant decrease in the real retail cigarette price, caused primarily by the tax component. The South African government has however, since 1995, despite vociferous opposition from the industry, effected tax increases greater than expected inflation to adjust the cigarette duty back to its former levels. The tobacco industry has argued that such actions will result in job losses. The industry has argued that, regardless of its effects on physical health, tobacco plays an important role in the communities' economic health, generating employment and contributing vital revenues to government coffers, which in a country like South Africa with high unemployment, has strong political appeal. This study examines these arguments. The first part of the paper looks at the effect of taxation on consumption and government revenue. Using a price elasticity estimate of -0.6 for South African cigarette consumption, a simulation model of the government's tax policy is run. This shows that the government's policy on tobacco taxes has been non-optimal and revenue could have increased by 2 percent, had the government maintained the real value of excise duties. The results suggest that an optimal tax for the government could be set at a level higher than the current 52 percent of retail price which, contrary to industry arguments would maximise government revenue. The second part of the paper, then addresses the question of employment losses in the economy in the wake of increases in excise taxes by government. An input-output model is used and the methodology is based on the assumption that expenditure switching will occur from cigarettes to other goods and services in the economy. The model is tested using 1995 data. The study looks at the impact on output and employment from this alternative spending and examines the argument that increased excise taxes will result in job losses. The results suggest that the economic effects of increased excise taxes on cigarettes, which would result in a change in personal consumption behaviour away from cigarettes, will not have the harmful effects on employment that the industry claims. South Africa as a whole would have gained net increases in output and employment if smokers quit their habit completely or even partially during 1995. The government's current taxation policy therefore bodes well for public health, public finance, and the economy.
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Udunka, Eric Iheoma. "The differential employment effects of multinational firms in developing countries with special reference to Nigeria." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1989. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1333.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the differ ential employment effects of the multinational enterprises in Nigeria. No attempt has been made to analyze every aspect of this difference between the foreign firms and the domestic firms. This study is significant because it is the first scientific study undertaken to determine the differen tial employment effects of multinational firms on domestic firms in Nigeria.
The main sources of information used were the United Nations Statistical Bulletin, and governmental reports. In addition, a variety of Economics journals, unpublished materials and books, and World Bank Reports were used.
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McCrae, Duncan. "The determinants of clerical employment in Britain with special reference to the period 1973-82." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373413.
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Sullivan, Susan. "The effects of the recession on women's employment and fertility with particular reference to the birth of a third child." Thesis, Swansea University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238703.
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Bridger, Anne. "A century of women's employment in clerical occupations, 1850-1950 : with particular reference to the role of the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2003. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3098/.
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The study set out to answer two main questions: (a) what was the role of the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women (SPEW) - an organisation founded in 1859, still in existence today, but now known as the Society for Promoting the Training of Women (SPTW), in the evolution of clerical work as a suitable occupation for women; and (b) what continuities or discontinuities with nineteenth-century office employment could be identified in the experiences of women employed as clerical workers during the first half of the twentieth century? To answer the first question the author examined the archives of SPEW which are lodged at Girton College, Cambridge. The second question was addressed by contacting a small sample of women, the majority born between 1903 and 1925, who were willing to be questioned about their experiences of office work during the inter-war years. The research used a mixture of historiographic (archival analysis) and sociological (empirical) enquiry. It established that SPEW had played a pivotal role in opening up clerical employment to women; and demonstrated that early twentieth-century women had not capitalised on the efforts of those first-wave feminists even though office work was by then a major destination for women. Informants reported unequal pay, segregated workplaces, strictly-regulated social mores, and a patriarchal structure where women were concentrated in lower-level posts. These informants were content to view marriage and motherhood as their main 'career' in life. Chapters 1 and 2 describe the author's background, including how her interest in the research topic developed, the rationale for the research, and the ways in which the study was carried out. Building on previous research, the following two chapters establish the historical framework, the founding of SPEW, its members' links with the Langham Place circle, and the practical activities in which the Society was engaged. Chapter 5 describes the range of women's white-collar employment during the period under review. Chapter 6 presents empirical data relating to the sample of 21 twentieth-century women, and finally Chapter 7 reflects on the ways in which the research evolved, comparing the evidence from the two eras, and suggests further possibilities for research.
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Walsh, T. "Pay and employment in GB private service sector with particular reference to the hotel and catering and retailing industries." Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379580.
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Hughes, Marion. "HIV and AIDS in the business sector with reference to Eskom." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53449.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003ENGLISH ABSTRACT: National and international studies on the impact of the HIVand AIDS epidemie, create a picture of serious negative effects on the South African economy, together with immense suffering and despair for her people. The untimely death of millions of people due to a disease is totally unnatural and basically unimaginable and it is therefore not surprising that people, organisations and government tend to shy away from the problems. Businesses drive growth and development, mobilise investment, nurture innovation, provide employment, develop skills, pay taxes and provide returns to investors. Outside the political arena businesses is the only group that do have the capacity and resources to make a major and effective contribution to the fight against the HIV and AIDS epidemic. This study provides a theoretical introduction to HIV and AIDS but more importantly it indicates that the business world has woken up to the threat of the HIV and AIDS epidemic and are reacting to it. The study concludes that the battle is not won as yet. There is room for improvement and major enhancements are required to current strategies and programmes to make it more effective. Eskom was selected as the case study to substantiate the abovementioned opinions and conclusions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nasionale en internasionale studies oor die impak van die MIV en VIGS-epidemie dui op die ernstige negatiewe gevolge vir die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie. Dit veroorsaak ook geweldige lyding en wanhoop onder mense. Die ontydige dood van miljoene mense weens 'n siekte is heeltemal onnatuurlik en ondenkbaar. Dit is daarom geen wonder nie dat mense, organisasies en die regering daarvan wegskram. Sakeondernemings dryf groei en ontwikkeling, mobiliseer beleggingsmoontlikhede, moedig vernuwing aan, skep werkgeleenthede, ontwikkel vaardighede, betaal belasting en verskaf 'n opbrengs aan beleggers. Buite die politieke arena is sakeondernemings die enigste groep wat die kapasiteit en hulpbronne het om op grootskaal 'n doeltreffende bydrae te lewer tot die bekamping van die MIV en VIGS epidemie. Die studie is 'n teoretiese inleiding tot MIV en VIGS. Die belangrikste aspek wat na vore kom, is dat sakeondernemings wakker geskrik het oor die bedreiging van MIV en VIGS en dat hulle daarop reageer. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die geveg nog nie gewen is nie. Daar is baie ruimte vir verbetering en grootskaalse veranderinge is nodig om die huidige strategieë en programme meer doeltreffend te maak. Eskom is as gevallestudie gebruik om bogenoemde menings en gevolgtrekkings te ondersteun.
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Damane, Moeti. "The implications of rural-urban migration on employment and household income with particular reference to Lesotho." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002737.
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The research investigates the impact of internal rural - urban migration III Lesotho on household income and employment. Using data gathered from the 2002/03 household survey, the 2006 nationwide census and a questionnaire on rural - urban migration in Lesotho administered to 500 respondents in Maseru and Leribe, we estimate a logit model of the probability of employment in Lesotho in 2008 given a set of independent variables. The independent variables are respondent's work experience; years of education completed; employment status in 2004; employment status in 2008; gender; job skill level; place of residence in 2004 and a categorical variable that measures whether or not the respondent is a rural - urban migrant. The results suggest that migration and work experience have no significant impact on an individual's likelihood of being employed in the country's formal sector. Also, it was found that the higher the level of education an individual has, the less likely are their chances of employment in the country's formal sector because of the lack of formal jobs in the urban areas. Over 50% of Lesotho's workforce employed in the urban areas was discovered to work in the informal sector. The study concludes that there is a lack of jobs in Lesotho's urban formal sector that results in a thriving informal sector. The advantages of informal sector jobs to the rural - urban migrant include an increase in their standard of living as well as that of their family members left behind in the rural areas but the disadvantages include low levels of investor confidence that lead to a decrease in overall economic development and growth in the country.
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Gregory, Jeanne. "Discrimination, employment and the law : a study of judicial and administrative procedures with special reference to the 1975 Sex Discrimination Act." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294282.
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Domingos, Joao Mateus. "Privatisation as a tenet of GEAR and its socio-economic impact on the poor in the Western Cape with specific reference to the township of Khayelitsha." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1086&context=td_cput&preview_mode=1&z=1263559683.
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Leiprecht, Ingrid. "Sectoral adjustment in the Polish labour market 1992-1995 a microeconometric analysis with special reference to agricultural employment /." München : Ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/46781926.html.
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Imbun, Benedict Y. "Industrial and employment relations in the Papua New Guinea mining industry : with special reference to the Porgera mine." Thesis, View thesis, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/25488.
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This thesis presents the findings of research into industrial and employment relations in the PNG mining industry, with particular reference to the Porgera gold mine. The thesis examines the challenges multinational mining companies go through in the formation and control of the workforces in PNG mines. Recruitment, training, localisation and industrial relations issues are discussed in relation to several mines, including Porgera. The discussion analyses two crucial concepts, 'pluralism' and 'exceptionalism' to draw attention to the fact that PNG's industrial relations system is 'pluralistic' in nature and approach; and therefore, 'exceptional' when compared to similar developing countries. Further, the thesis also analyses two theoretical models: general mode of industrialisation and state model. It assesses their applicability and relevance to PNG's human resource development and industrial relations system, particularly in the mining industry. The research draws on data gathered through long periods of fieldwork and observation of indigenous workers in PNG mines. It discusses entry to and adaptation to industrial work by Papua New Guinea tribes people. Particularly, the emergence of an industrial workforce at Porgera mine and its human resource implications are explored and discussed. One theme is the role of recruitment and training on 'greenfield' sites in the remote locations where the mines are situated. This includes the issues, concerns and dilemmas which multinational mining companies face in trying to balance the employment expectations and training requirements of both local inhabitants and the PNG government. Attention is paid to explaining how multinational mining companies have overcome such pressures by introducing ethnic affirmative action policies which favours the employment of local inhabitants. The roles of the PNG government, mining companies, trade unions and community groups are highlighted in the operation of industrial employment relations in the mines. The general aim of the thesis is to demonstrate the emergence and interplay of pluralistic institutions and the formation of an industrial workforce as a result of the mining company.
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Imbun, Benedict Y. "Industrial and employment relations in the Papua New Guinea mining industry : with special reference to the Porgera mine /." View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030701.093629/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1998.Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (1998), School of Employment Relations, University of Western Sydney, Nepean. Bibliography : p. 232-257.
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Ross, Rosemund. "'Casting her gentility on the waters': Middle class women and employment with reference to the Englishwoman's Journal and Englishwoman's review." Thesis, Ross, Rosemund (1987) 'Casting her gentility on the waters': Middle class women and employment with reference to the Englishwoman's Journal and Englishwoman's review. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1987. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/58149/.
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Employment for women was a major concern for nineteenth century British feminists, during the 1850s of the plight of middle class women with no means of support was highlighted by the 1851 Census The realisation which revealed that one-third of British women were unmarried. The only two occupations open to middle class 'ladies' who wished to retain their status, governessing and needlework, were overcrowded and underpaid. This led to a campaign to broaden the definition of women's work in order to provide employment for destitute middle class women.
The Englishwoman's Journal spearheaded this. campaign by attempting to re-define the concept of gentility to include paid employment, It argued that in addition to an improved general education, women required occupational training to equip themselves with the skills required for specific employment. The Englishwoman's Journal asserted that women needed-to exert more control over their lives, and that independence would increase their worth to the community and to themselves.
The Englishwoman's Review, first published in 1886, initially followed the example set by the Englishwoman's Journal (1858). However attempts by philanthropists and trade unions to regulate women's employment through protective legislation drew the Englishwoman's Review into conflict with the 'social welfare' feminists. The Review, strongly influenced by the 'equal rights' philosophy of the Enlightenment, opposed attempts to introduce discriminatory legislation that applied only to women workers, it broadened its focus to include those employed working class women whose livelihoods were threatened by protective legislation, and organised campaigns opposed to State intervention in the workplace.
The Society for Promoting the Employment of Women was the 'practical' arm of these periodicals. Established in 1858, the Society's objectives were improved education and occupational training for women; the collection of employment information and the establishment of a work registrar for women; and the initiation of 'experimental ventures' designed to test the suitability of a particular employment for middle class women. Firmly espousing the doctrine of 'self-help', the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women emphasised that it was not a charity. It sought to create conditions under which women would be able to find employment that was suited to their capabilities; it did not relieve immediate distress.
The effectiveness of the Englishwoman's Journal, the Englishwoman's Review, and the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women in increasing the employment opportunities for middle class women in nineteenth century Britain can only be measured in general terms. However their success in defining as feminine certain employment areas within the service industries, has had a major impact on the employment of women during the twentieth century.
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Andersson, Håkan. "Relativa betyg : några empiriska studier och en teoretisk genomgång i ett historiskt perspektiv." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-16593.
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Denna avhandling, som i huvudsak är resultatet av ett projekt finansierat av Skolöverstyrelsen, består av fem delstudier (I-V) utförda under åren 1977-1991 samt en sammanfattande analysdel (VI). Avhandlingens syfte är att studera det unika svenska relativa betygssystemet, som infördes på försök i folkskolan i början av 1940-talet för att senare permanentas och även införas i enhets- och grundskolan samt slutligen även i gymnasiet. Det relativa betygssystemet beskrivs enligt följande indelning: framväxt och avveckling (V), funktioner (I), effekter och sidoeffekter (III) samt användning och behov (II och IV). I de empiriska studierna har elever, lärare, arbetsgivare och arbetstagare fått ge sina synpunkter på de relativa betygen. I delstudie V analyseras utvecklingen av det relativa betygssystemet med hjälp av offentliga utredningar, remissvar från elev-, lärar-, aibetsgivar- och arbetstagarorganisationer samt också via riksdagstryck.De relativa betygen beskrivs som starkt knutna till urvalet till högre studier och som ett försök att tillskapa ett urvalsinstrument med möjlighet till jämförbarhet och större rättvisa. Betygen har visat sig spela liten roll vid urvalet till olika arbeten. Betygen fyller en "körkortsfunktion" genom att ange inriktning och linje. I övrigt speglar betygen i huvudsak förmåga att tillgodogöra sig teoretiskt stoff. Vid urvalet till olika arbeten beskrivs en utveckling från formella till informella meriter i form av vissa personlighetsegenskaper, t ex samarbetsförmåga, flexibilitet och utåtriktad läggning. Arbetslivserfarenhet, referenser och personlighetsegenskaper betyder mer vid anställningar än skolbetygen.I avhandlingen anges såväl mättekniska, informationstekniska som socialpsykologiska förklaringar till att det relativa betygssystemet är på väg att avvecklas. Betänkligheter riktas mot ett eventuellt införande av målrelaterade betyg p g a styrningsriskerna för elever och lärare, samt också mot riskerna för en ökad kontroll och ett ökat beroende av avnämarna. I avhandlingen noteras skillnader mellan praktiska och teoretiska linjer när det gäller synen på betyg. Som tänkbara förklaringar anges användningen och behovet av betyg liksom också närheten och kopplingen till näringslivet. Betygens officiella funktioner som informations-, motivations- och urvalsinstrument har gradvis minskat. Tidigare har frågor om styrning och kontroll kommit i bakgrunden i förhållande till de officiella funktionerna. Om målrelaterade betyg införs och om betygens roll som urvalsinstrument försvinner, torde betygens styrnings- och kontrollfunktioner behöva diskuteras och motiveringar till att över huvud taget ha kvar betyg i skolan lyftas fram.This dissertation, which is mainly the result of a project financed by the National Board of Education, consists of five substudies (I-V) carried out between 1977 and 1991, and a summary analysis (VI). The aim of the dissertation is to study group-referenced marks which are unique for Sweden. In the 1940s they were introduced on trial into elementary school, where they were later permanent, and they were also introduced into comprehensive school, nine-year compulsory school and finally also into upper secondary school. The description of group-referenced marks is divided into the following substudies: development and phase-out (V), functions (I), effects and side-effects (III), and use and requirements (II and IV). In the empirical studies, students, teachers, employers and employees have been asked to give their opinions of group-referenced marks. Substudy V analyses the development of group-referenced marks through official reports, through reactions to these reports from student, teacher, employers' and employees' organizations, and also through official parliamentary publications.Group-referenced marks are described as closely connected with the selection to higher education and as an attempt to construct an instrument of selection offering possibilities of comparability and greater justice. Marks have proved to be of little consequence for employment. They function as a "driving licence" by indicating direction and course programme. Marks reflect, above all, the ability to assimilate theoretical subject-matter. The selection to various employments manifests a development from formal to informal merits in the form of certain qualities, e. g. the ability to co-operate, flexibility and extrovert behaviour. Work experience, references and personal qualities are more important than marks for employmentThe dissertation indicates measurement technological, information technological and socio-psychological explanations of withdrawing group-referenced marks. The dissertation also expresses apprehensions about the potential introduction of criterion-referenced marks owing to the steering effects for pupils and teachers, as well as about the risks of increasing control and dependence on potential employers. Differences between practical and theoretical course programmes regarding attitudes to marks can also be observed. These differences can perhaps be explained by the use and needs of marks as well as by the nearness and connection to industry and commerce. The importance of the official functions of marks as information, motivation and selection instruments has gradually been reduced. Problems of steering and control used to be subordinate to the official functions. If criterion-referenced marks are introduced and if marks lose their selection function, the steering and control functions of marks should be discussed and the motives for preserving marks in school should be presented.
digitalisering@umu
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Melnick, Elaine Millar. "Women's employment, sex discrimination, and the law : legal and administrative remedies in Great Britain, with some reference to the United States." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/688/.
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Du, Plessis C. R. "Transformation of the media with specific reference to senior staffing at the Independent Newspapers Cape (The Cape Argus and The Cape Times) and Media24 (Die Burger)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52039.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Before 1994, the year in which South Africa conducted its first democratic elections, newspapers did little to reflect the demographics of its country and more specifically its regions. This assignment delves into the progress made regarding transformation with specific reference to senior staffing at the Cape Argus, Cape Times and Die Burger since 1994. A comparison is drawn between what went before and after 1994 in the staffing structures of the newspapers mentioned. In terms of content the assignment lists and studies a number of issues regarding transformation as per the topic. Histories of the above-mentioned newspapers are recorded. The South African Human Rights Commission's views on transformation in the media are mentioned as well. The views of these newspapers and those of Government are also shared. Changes have been made, although this has been at a pedestrian pace for a number of reasons. These changes need to be tracked through for more empirical work than has been possible in this assignment. These newspapers have set themselves targets and they are optimistic that in the near future many more changes would be made. The prospect for future research of this topic is far from being saturated. The three media houses discussed are committed to transformation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voor 1994, die jaar waarin Suid-Afrika se eerste demokratiese verkiesing gehou is, het koerante baie min gedoen om die demografie van die land en omliggende streke te weerspieël. Hierdie werkstuk ondersoek die vordering in transformasie wat ná 1994 gemaak is, met spesifieke verwysing na senior personeelaanstellings by die Cape Argus, Cape Times en Die Burger. 'n Vergelyking tussen personeelstrukture van hierdie koerante voor en ná 1994 word getref. 'n Aantal aspekte ten opsigte van transformasie word bestudeer en die geskiedenis van bogenoemde koerante word opgeteken. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Menseregtekommissie se siening oor transformasie in die media word bespreek, asook die siening van hierdie koerante en dié van die regering. Veranderings, hoewel teen 'n stadige tempo, is vir 'n aantal redes aangebring. Hierdie koerante het vir hulself doelwitte gestel, en hulle is optimisties dat heelwat meer veranderinge in die nabye toekoms aangebring sal word. Transformasie blyk 'n prioriteit by elk van die genoemde koerante te wees. Die studie het nie die onderwerp uitgeput nie en verdere navorsing kan gedoen word.
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Herbert, Claire. "The role of small firms in employment and innovation generation, with particular reference to the electronics manufacturing industry of South West England." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1628.
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Egbue, G. N. "Education policy and practice in contemporary Nigeria, with particular reference to secondary level and its relationship to employment opportunities in Anambra State." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375525.
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Challoner, B. "The integration of handicapped students into the tertiary sector of education with specific reference to the hearing impaired and their employment opportunities." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354379.
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Reed, Stephen Graham. "The challenge of transformation : an analysis of the ethical and strategic need for transformation with special reference to the Employment Equity Act." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53617.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since 1994 South Africa has undergone numerous social and political transformations. Transformation in this country has different meanings for different people, depending on the individuals perspective. The process of transformation has been slow for some, particularly those people who are eager to break away from a past, which has denied them basic individual rights. For others transformation has been too fast and thus a threat to their status quo. In view of this, transformation must be embraced by all through the realisation and admission that the apartheid era was inherently unfair to sections of the population and change must therefore be regarded as the levelling of the playing field. This study focuses on the generation of inequality, the uprooting of this evil and the implementation of equity. In addition, this study particularly focuses on how equity can be implemented in the workplace, why it is important to do so and what are the possible barriers to successful implementation. I will consider some of the theories that may be useful in initiating change. Finally, I will discuss the merits of the Employment Equity Act as legislation to enforce equity in the workplace.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vanaf 1994, het Suid Afrika verskillende sosiale en politieke veranderings ondergaan. Hierdie veraderings het verskillende betekenis vir verskillende mense, afhangend van die individuele se insig. Die proses van veranderings was te stadig vir sommige persone, veral diegene wie angstig was om weg te breek van die verlede, wat hulle ontneem het van hulle basiese individuele regte. Vir andere was die veraderings veels te vinning en was meer 'n bedreiging vir hulle onveranderlike hoë belangrike posisies. Met hierdie faktor insig, moet veranderings omhels word deur almal se opregte beseffing en erkenning dat die apartheid jare se alleen regte vir die een groep baie onregverdig was teenoor die ander groepe, dus moet veranderings aanvaar word as gelykmaking van alle onreelmatinghede. Hierdie studie is die fokus gerig op die jare van vasgevangheid in onregverdigheid en dat hierdie ongeregtigheid kan ontwortel word met die aanbeveling of vervangs van geregtigheid. Die fokus lê veral klem op hoe om gelyke regte by die werksplekke toe te pas.
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IBANEZ, GARZARAN Zyab Luis. "Access to non-vulnerable part-time employment in the Netherlands, Spain and the UK, with special reference to the school and local government sectors." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12002.
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Defence date: 14 December 2007Examining board: Professor Colin Crouch, University of Warwick (EUI Supervisor); Professor Ramón Ramos Torre, Universidad Complutense; Professor Martin Rhodes, University of Denver; Professor Jelle Visser, Universiteit van Amsterdam
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
A large part of the literature on part-time employment stresses that this form of employment contract is the result of employers’ strategies and female employees who need to reconcile work and family life. However, the growth in the number of employees sharing employment and other paid or unpaid interests expands the range and significance of working-time issues. This dissertation claims that where regulation and implementation of working-time transitions are favourable to part-time employment, part-time is likely to expand to more diverse categories of workers than those for whom it was originally intended ( i.e. mothers with caring responsibilities). The research follows a case-oriented comparative approach that draws on documentary information and a total of 48 in-depth interviews with actors’ representatives at three levels: national, sector (education and local government) and organizational, in the UK, the Netherlands and Spain. Initiated in different moments in time, the regulation of working-time transitions appears to follow a similar staged path in the three countries, although the wider institutional context affecting part-time and the active support of main actors varies for each country, especially at the organizational level. In the Dutch case, part-time regulation started off as a mechanism to enable the employment of women with caring responsibilities and, from there, it evolved towards a wider understanding of workingtime flexibility, extending the right to work part-time to other categories of employees. Given the pioneering role of the Netherlands in this area, it could be argued that both the UK and Spain have been following the Dutch example although with different degrees of success. In the Netherlands, after two decades of active support to part-time, there is still a big gender gap among part-timers, and in many sectors and occupations employees face difficulties to change their working hours; still, the general trend seems to be that access to part-time is becoming easier at more sector and occupational levels, in a context where organizations, already facing short full-time working weeks and high percentages of part-time, have been learning to decouple business hours from the different duration of the employees’ shifts. The need to design clear-cut coordination mechanisms that guarantee the steadiness of the service and the 'standardisation' of handing-over procedures, have helped to accept a variety of working-time arrangements. This capacity to dissociate organisations’ operative time from employees’ working hours is also present in British and Spanish 24-hour services, what has favoured exceptional good part-time jobs. However, the political efforts to promote part-time in Spain and the UK are confronted with serious obstacles, their segmented labour forces among them. The long-hours culture in both Spain and the UK, together with the high proportion of temporary contracts in the Spanish case, are the most visible signs of the structural difficulties these two countries face to achieve working-time flexi-curity. In the three countries, there are no clear links between long hours and productivity levels, and the processess that lead to more transparent assessments of work performance seem to facilitate working-time flexibility beyond standard full-time employment contracts. Certainly, different commitments and compromises need to be achieved between conflicting demands and interests about how employees use their own time, but this thesis argues that part-time may help to soften the conflicts between the specialization and hierarchy requirements of the social division of labour and individuals’ time-use autonomy.
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Abdel-Rahman, A. M. "The role of multinational corporations in Egypt in the light of the 'open door policy', with particular reference to technology transfer and employment." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304410.
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Fehr, Stephanie Simone. "Religious discrimination in employment : a comparative analysis of the law in the UK, France and Germany, with reference to international and supranational law." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/religious-discrimination-in-employment--a-comparative-analysis-of-the-law-in-the-uk-france-and-germany-with-reference-to-international-and-supranational-law(8e48aa3c-2233-4169-8dec-4d8436ebe43d).html.
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This thesis analyses religious discrimination in employment, using an applied comparison of the law in the UK, France and Germany. To this end, the thesis first explores national church-state relations, establishing potential links to religious discrimination at work. The investigation then moves on to the standards set by the Council of Europe and the European Union, against which the law in the UK, France and Germany will be measured against. The final chapter brings together the findings in an overall comparison of the national law, with particular emphasis on the role of church-state relations and impact on religious minorities. The original contribution of this thesis to knowledge lies in the assessment of the topic in the context of three jurisdictions, its interconnectedness with the ECHR and EU frameworks, using the framework of church-state relations. The thesis reveals and explains similarities and differences between the law in the three jurisdictions, as well as the effects on employees practising their religion and underlying attitudes that formed the law. After identifying substantive neutrality as a promising characteristic of church-state models, it was set as a benchmark for assessment throughout the thesis. Themes emerging from the research reflect significant differences regarding religious discrimination in employment in the UK, France and Germany. Particularly striking is the arguably deliberate targeting of, and clearly detrimental impact on religious minorities by means of indirectly discriminating law in France and Germany, as well as some directly discriminating provisions that were enacted in the course of the German ‘headscarf debate’. It is suggested, accordingly, that stereotypical assumptions about ‘otherness’ have influenced legislation, as well as case law, using church-state relations to underscore the decisive arguments. Due to its largely hypothetical nature, the assessment of the domestic laws’ compatibility with European international and supranational legal frameworks result in a number of cautious predictions. Widespread compliance appears fairly likely in relation to the law in the UK, whereas French and German law can be challenged in several regards. Finally, this research contributes proposals aiming at effective solutions for a variety of religious discrimination scenarios pertinent in the UK, French and German work environments.
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Matshikwe, Lungile Easter. "An analysis of the policy-making process in the Department of Labour with specific reference to the Employment Equity Act, (Act 55 of 1998)." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/201.
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The research problem in this study was to analyse how the new constitutional, legal and political arrangements have influenced public policy-making in the department of labour with specific reference to the Employment Equity Act. To achieve this objective a theory for analysing policy–making process was presented. Corporatist theory is based on the following assumptions: Public policy is shaped by interaction between the state and interest groups. The state licences behaviour of interested organizations by attributing public status to them Policy-making is based on interest groups bargaining across a broad range of issues. The groups are functionally interdependent to enhance social stability. The groups use consensus in making decisions. Decision-making is centralised, it is done by leaders. The groups are bureaucratic in organization. The groups must be recorgnised by the state so that they can be allowed representation. The research questions that arise are: (1) Who sets the agenda for policy formulation? (2) How is the policy formulated? (3) how are the decisions taken? (4) How is the policy implemented? (5) How is the policy monitored? The objective of this study analyse how constitutional, legal and political changes have influenced public policy formulation in the Department of Labour with specific reference to the Employment Equity Act. Policy–making processes in the South African arena and factors that led to the promulgation of Employment Equity Act were discussed. This study was a qualitative design. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of five participants who were interviewed. All interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data was analysed as described by Rubin and Rubin (1995:260) The result negated some of the assumptions of corporatist theory and others concurred with the theory. The findings of the study revealed that policy formulation in the Department of Labour is as a result of constitutional, and international conventions obligations. The findings further revealed that policy-information is institutionalised and there are competing interests due to divergent ideological orientations, different social backgrounds; racial differences; different; political beliefs; different class background; different historical backgrounds, and gender differences. (v) The formulation of the act was also characterised by advocacy, adversarism, stereotyping, alliances and consensus. These organisations. were bureaucratic and decisions were centralised. This study recommended a theory and the theory postulates that “public policy is the product of the social, economic, political, cultural, technolergical, and natural conditions of a given society in a particular epoch or period in the historical development of the particular nation or society and is influenced by dominant national and international forces and these influences may be cultural, economically, social, politically, technological, and type and system of government.
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Sutherland, Philippus Johannes. "The restraint of trade doctrine in England, Scotland and South Africa, with specific reference to post-employment, sale of business and post-partnership restraints." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27492.
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The restraint of trade doctrine as understood here developed in English law but it was transplanted to England and Scotland. The two mixed legal systems closely followed English law. In Scotland a separate jurisprudence has only recently developed in this area. In South Africa attempts have been made to distinguish the English doctrine. But it has remained fundamentally in tact. That does not mean that the three systems are merely carbon copies of one another. Yet differences are subtle. An attempt is made to analyse the doctrine from broad principles although it is difficult. The doctrine has always worked in practice but it produces nice theoretical problems. It is here submitted that the public policy value of freedom of work should be the most important tenet couching the doctrine. Only clauses that offend against this fundamental principle should be investigated in terms of the doctrine. Only when the courts find that the interference with freedom of work can not be justified should clauses be struck down. Answers to the question when will a clause be unacceptable for being in restraint of trade are developed against the backdrop of freedom of work. Only the classical restraints i.e. post-employment, sale of goodwill and post-partnership restraints are discussed. These cases stand quite separate from most other restraints because they operate after termination of a work or production relationship and because they have generated a vast corpus of cases. The reasonableness inter partes test and the direct impact of public interest is analysed. Most importantly, it is argued that the public policy restraint of trade doctrine operates on two levels. The question whether the restraint is no wider than the legitimate interests of the covenantee makes or breaks a case. But many other aspects are also considered in filling the vacuums left by the severe difficulties of applying facts to law in this area of public policy.
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Martin, Johannes [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Grund, and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Prinz. "Essays in personnel economics – empirical Analyses on further training, self-employment earnings, and monetary reference points / Johannes Martin. Gutachter: Joachim Prinz. Betreuer: Christian Grund." Duisburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026846730/34.
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Hanover, Jacqueline. "The role of the spiritual senses in contemporary mission, with particular reference to John Wesley's employment of the spiritual senses : a revised correlational approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-the-spiritual-senses-in-contemporary-mission-with-particular-reference-to-john-wesleys-employment-of-the-spiritual-senses-a-revised-correlational-approach(9fde24dd-f5e3-4a2a-8bd6-921b2d389515).html.
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This thesis explores the potential role of the spiritual senses in contemporary mission. Responding to the development of a new type of non-religious spirituality known as contemporary spirituality, which has emerged in response to cultural change in the West, this thesis enters into a conversation between contemporary spirituality, contemporary Christianity and John Wesley's theme of the spiritual senses. The theme of the spiritual senses has a rich history and this thesis aims to discover if a revisit of Wesley's particular employment of the spiritual senses has the potential to offer a meaningful contribution to Christian mission in the twenty-first century. Using Gordon Lynch's application of Don Browning's revised correlation, seven key motifs within contemporary spirituality are identified as foundational and used to develop the conversation. The thesis proceeds to use these motifs namely, creation spirituality, individualism freedom and choice, innate spiritual perception, the physical senses and spirituality, the sacred within, a call to community, and religious pluralism, to embark on a conversation between contemporary spirituality and contemporary Christianity. In all of the key areas points of convergence are noted, along with some differences, and suggestions are made concerning further engagement. It is argued that, whilst the findings of this conversation, and the practical applications that flow from them, can be used to engage with contemporary spiritual seekers, nevertheless all would benefit from a renewed framework that responds more particularly to the foundational motifs of contemporary spirituality and that Wesley's application of the spiritual senses might offer this framework. Following this, an investigation of Wesley's employment of the spiritual senses, in his own terms, is embarked upon, where his key tenets are discovered. This section confirms the unity between the spiritual senses and the restoration of the life and image of God, moving from complete cognitive unawareness of God or the spiritual world, through prevenient grace to awakening and the new birth including faith, assurance and sanctification. These basic tenets are then developed showing the spiritual senses to be drawn from the creative moment, personal and yet inclusive, accessible, experiential, centered on both healing and forgiveness, based on the value of the individual, freedom, and choice, based on restored, intimate, and ongoing relationship with the creator, facilitating transformation, communal, and working in harmony with reason. Given the similarities to the key motifs of contemporary spirituality, it is affirmed that Wesley's theme of the spiritual senses has potential to make a significant contribution to the conversation between contemporary spirituality and contemporary Christianity. Finally the conversation between all three parties is developed. Here the information gathered in the previous conversation is correlated and synthesised to specifically identify the contribution that the spiritual senses might offer to contemporary mission. Based on the findings of the conversation, a reconstructed gospel message is presented that, it is argued, both correlates with the aspirations of contemporary spirituality and yet is grounded in the Christian tradition, thus affirming the significance of the role of the spiritual senses to contemporary mission.
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Oodit, Sharlaine. "A review of the collective bargaining system in the public service with specific reference to the general public service sector bargaining council (GPSSBC)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021029.
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ollective bargaining continues to play a prominent role in shaping employment relations in South Africa, without which the individual worker is powerless and in a weaker bargaining position against his employer. Collective bargaining can be described as an interactive process that resolves disputes between the employer and employee. In South Africa the advent of democracy was accompanied by numerous interventions to level the historically uneven bargaining field. Therefore in examining the history of collective bargaining in South Africa it is necessary to reflect on the state of labour relations prior and post the 1994 democratic elections. The study provides an overview of the practices and processes of public service collective bargaining in the old and new public service. The public sector accounts for a very significant proportion of employment in all countries around the globe, South Africa is no exception. Although the state as employer is in a stronger position than its private sector counterpart, the public employee is potentially also in a stronger position than its private sector counterpart. A defining characteristic of most government activity and services is that they are the ones available to the public. This means that industrial action which disrupts such services has a very significant impact on the public, serving as a substantial leverage in collective bargaining. The bargaining councils in the public sector which ensure the effectiveness of collective bargaining are maintained, are examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the workings of these institutions. Some of the gains and challenges are also explored to provide a holistic picture of state of collective bargaining in public service. A comparison of countries seeks to analyse and compare globally the developments of collective bargaining in public administrations. The different political systems around the world have developed various labour relations processes in the public service, an examination of the approaches and mechanisms provides alternative ways of doing things. Recommendations are made regarding the changes that need to be made, as well as matters, which need to be analysed and examined further.
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Doyle, B. J. "Disability, discrimination and equal opportunities : a comparative study of legal models addressing the employment rights of disabled persons, with particular reference to Britain and the United States." Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14834/.
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Against the background of growing demands in Britain for anti-discrimination legislation covering disabled persons, the study examines the case for reform, and the shape which such legislation might take, in the employment field. Using the socio-legal tradition, the meaning of disability is explored and the demography, nature and experience of disability is described. The evidence of employment discrimination against disabled persons is evaluated and their position in the labour market is plotted. Existing law on disabled employment rights in Britain is set out and its strengths and weaknesses weighed. The employment rights of disabled workers in the European Community, the United States, Canada and Australia are narrated. Then, using comparative legal methodology, a number of problems and issues in the regulation of disability-related employment discrimination (and the promotion of equal opportunities) are recounted and critically analysed. These problems and issues include the definition of disability discrimination, identification of the protected class, fitness for work and employment qualification, use of reasonable accommodation and positive action, preferential treatment and the role of quotas, and enforcement strategies and remedial action. The experience of the United States is recruited as the primary basis of comparison and lessons for suggested legal reforms in Britain are pointed out. Some general conclusions on the efficacy of disability discrimination laws are drawn. The study surveys a wide variety of primary and secondary legal materials, including legislation and case law, and reviews the pertinent literature drawn from legal scholarship and other relevant disciplines. It does so in the context of a theoretical perspective that borrows from the body of legal theory and concepts developed in race and gender discrimination law.
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Shen, San San. "Higher education and graduate employment : university traditions and economic planning imperatives : a case study of Taiwan (The Republic of China) with reference to Britain and the U.S.A." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006563/.
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The employment problems of graduates in Taiwan are explored in terms of conflicting ideas of higher education. The unemployment rate of graduates with higher qualifications has been increasing for a decade. An increasing number of graduates are engaged in jobs which, in the past, demanded only high school qualifications. There is little or no relationship between the requirements of the job and the knowledge and skills graduates acquired in higher education. Conflicting ideas of higher education are identified as an obstacle to solutions of graduates' employment problems. These ideas can be categorised by two dels. One is the traditional idea of higher education, especially that universities should teach the liberal arts and should aim to foster virtue. Useful and practical knowledge and skills have been thought unsuitable. Confucian ideas of education can be linked to this view. The second model is that higher education should respond to the needs of society and the economy and that the curriculum of higher education naturally should refer to the content of job. This conflict between economic and traditional functions of higher education is serious in Taiwan. The revival of Confucian education was a government reaction to the Cultural Revolution in Xainland China. On the other hand, economic and manpower planning has been a government policy with economic implications for higher education. This conflict means that employment problems of graduates must be considered in their wider cultural and social aspects. The conflicting ideas of higher education are investigated in the process of graduates moving from university to work. There are four aspects: npower planning and higher education policy; collaboration between university and industry; graduates' aspirations for jobs; and careers guidance and counselling in universities and colleges. The final part of the thesis reports the results of analysis of the views of academics and students in Taiwan. This investigation uses questions derived from the two models developed earlier.
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Martin, Megan Anne. "Training Interviewers to Spot ‘Faking’ in Employment Interviews: Can Frame of Reference Training Enhance Cue Detection, Cue Utilisation, and Overall Profile Accuracy for Rating Candidate Deceptive Impression Management?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30932.
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Deceptive Impression Management (DIM), defined as faking in order to be perceived positively, is frequently used by candidates in employment interviews. DIM is problematic because it is difficult for interviewers to accurately rate, leading to unsound interview evaluations. This invalidates employment interviews because the best candidate is not selected for the job (i.e., deceptive candidates are hired above preferable honest candidates). Deceptive candidates’ good interview performance is negatively related to desired organisational outcomes (i.e., once hired, deceptive candidates are more likely to underperform on the job, as well as engage in undesirable workplace behaviours such as lack of effort and/or theft). Drawing on the Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM), it is argued that interviewers do not detect and/or utilise relevant and available DIM cues because they have not been taught to do so. The present study uses a post-test only true experimental design to determine whether students can be trained to accurately rate targets’ DIM. A Frame of Reference Training (FORT) intervention was developed, implemented, and evaluated. FORT aimed to teach experimental group participants to detect and utilise relevant and available DIM cues and to make accurate overall DIM profile ratings. Results show that FORT had a positive effect on DIM cue detection, but no effect on either DIM cue utilisation accuracy or overall DIM profile rating accuracy. Findings are attributed to the moderators of the ‘good judge’, ‘good information’ as well as the design and implementation of the FORT intervention. Because FORT had a positive effect on DIM cue detection accuracy, it is concluded that raters’ behaviour observation ability can be learned and improved with training. To the knowledge of the researcher and research supervisor, this is the first study to: (1) determine the trainability of DIM using FORT; (2) support and disentangle RAM by measuring the effect of FORT on each stage of RAM independently; (3) indirectly examine new dispositional reasoning schemas pertaining to DIM. Keywords: deceptive impression management (DIM), Frame of Reference training (FOR), Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM), accuracy, employment interviews.
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Zondi, Dumisani. "The effectiveness of the Employment Equity Act (Act 55 of 1998) in the public service with reference to the Department of Agriculture 2000-2006 : a South African perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30366.
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The study involves an assessment of the effectiveness of Employment Equity Act, 55 of 1998 (EEA) in the South African public service, with specific reference to the Department of Agriculture (DoA) and problems the DoA encounters in realising the main objectives of the abovementioned Act. The research comprises both normative and empirical aspects of the EEA in the public service (specifically DoA). Employment Equity Act (Act 55 of 1998), in the agriculture sector has produced mixed results. There is a perception that the number of women in middle and senior management positions has slightly improved, as appears in the DoA organisational chart. Others perceive the Act as flawed in its design and implementation, due to the fact that the number of disabled employees in the middle and senior management levels is hardly visible on the organisational chart. The purpose of this research is to ascertain whether the DoA has been able to meet or implement the dictates of the EEA. Mostly, this research aims to look at ways in which the EEA can best be implemented, so that it functions as effectively as possible and to ensure that the Act yields the desired results. The fact that the DoA has not managed to reach the EEA target to employ disabled and women (though the number of women in senior positions has slightly improved) to senior positions, necessitates the need of this study. And mostly by the fact that EEA plays a pivotal role in ensuring equity in the DoA, which has in the past been perceived by some as the one dominated by a certain racial group. The specific objectives of this study are: - To explore difficulties that adversely impact on the effectiveness of the Employment Equity Act, 55 of 1998 in Department of Agriculture especially with regards to disabled officials.
- To determine if there is a disparity in the views of management and employees (both able-bodies and disabled employees) with regard to the effectiveness of Employment Equity Act, 55 of 1998 and problems experienced.
- To established levels of satisfaction of employees (designated groups)with the Employment Equity Act, 55 of 1998 and employees within the work environment.
Dissertation (MAdmin)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
unrestricted
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Tolley, Rebecca, and Wendy Doucette. "Actions Speak Louder Than Resumes: How Performance-Based Interviews Facilitate Hiring the Best Library Candidates." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7659.
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This case study describes an academic library search committee's decision-making, practice, and assessment of using performance-based interviews as part of a national search for lecturer-level positions with a primary focus of reference and research services and minimal expectations of teaching information literacy in the classroom. The search committee determined performance-based interviews were successful in establishing candidates’ depth of skill in simulated reference transactions. The authors recommend incorporating an element of unscripted job simulation to employment interviews in libraries of all types.
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Ally, Russell Thomas. "The development of the system of individual tenure for Africans: with special reference to the Glen Grey Act, c1894-1922." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003122.
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The Glen Grey Act was promulgated in August 1894. The main provisions of the Act were for the survey into individual allotments of land held tribally and for a system of local self-government. Described by its originator, C.J. Rhodes, as a 'Bill for Africa, it was first applied to the district of Glen Grey and subsequently extended (in a piece-meal fashion) to a number of districts in the Transkei. The Act was introduced at a crucial stage in South Africa's history. During this period the country stood poised on the threshhold of a significant and far-reaching transformation. The South Africa of 'old', predominantly agricultural and rural was giving way to a 'new' South Africa, modern and industrial. At the centre of this development was the mineral discoveries of the 1860s and 1880s. The period of colonial conquest had also virtually been completed. Most of the hitherto independent African chiefdoms had either been broken up or were under European control. The most urgent problem which now faced the new rulers was devising a policy to govern the millions of black people over whom they had assumed responsibility. Of crucial concern was the creation of working class to minister to the needs of the developing economy. This task was made all the more difficult by the divisions which existed among the ruling groups at the time. To all intents and purposes the country was made up of essentially four independent and autonomous regions. Although the economic changes which were taking place would hasten the unification of the country, until that happened it was well-nigh impossible for a uniform 'native policy' to take shape. The inevitable consequence was the emergence of a number of regional responses to what was essentially a country-wide issue. As the unification of South Africa drew closer however these different regional responses began to vie with each other for supremacy at a national level. The Glen Grey policy then was the response of the Cape to the changes which were taking place in the country. As such, it drew much of its inspiration from the traditions which had developed in the Cape Colony. Its initiators did not however view it as only a regional policy. For them it had applicability to the whole country. It was therefore to be expected that they would attempt to 'sell' their policy to the rest of the country. In the end however it won few adherents outside of the Cape Colony and when Union became an established fact it bowed out to a policy favoured largely by the northern provinces. To be sure the Glen Grey system did linger on for a while in those districts where it had first been applied but it would not be long before it was to fall into official disapproval. While the Glen Grey Act was ushered in with much fanfare and vaunted expectations, its demise was silent and ignominous. The grandiose course which it had charted for the taking-in-hand of the 'native question' came to naught, as did the profound and far-reaching changes which it was believed the policy would inaugurate. The origins of this policy, its implementation and actual working, and the reasons why in the end it foundered and was abandoned will be the main themes of this thesis.
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Brummer, Lynette Lancaster. "From school to work via the colleges of technology in Oman : how can the preparation for this transition be streamlined at Ibri CT with reference to globalisation?" Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28015.
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This study explores how tertiary education supports and prepares students to take up a career today. The research question is: How can the preparation for the transition from school to work be streamlined at Ibri College of Technology with reference to globalisation? Classroom-based practices were considered in this case study in Oman, to establish how the objectives of stakeholders can be met in pursuit of their goals, within the set curriculum and culture. The objectives were to: • Interpret and evaluate the respondents' responses to the research-instruments appropriate to existing literature and current employer demands; • explore perceptions of educational activities considering cultural diversity; and • provide guidelines for streamlining the transition. It is concluded from the didactic triangle that the better lecturers are prepared to comply with expectations of the students and curricula, the more positively learner achievement is impacted at college. Continuously updating the curricula embraces global occupational requirements as well as didactic goals. This theory applies equally to all the stakeholders and influences how students eventually manage modern workplace demands. Prioritising structured communication practices alongside EFL and technology as skills, support school to work transitions in tandem with the adolescents' progression towards adulthood. The value of this study lies in its contribution to the body of knowledge on this complicated transition in Oman. The findings and conclusions assist instructors as well as their students whose transition from school to work can subsequently be streamlined. It also sustains economic and social occupational processes, in the Sultanate and globally, now and in the future.
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Basse, Carla Marie. "The experience of English speaking mothers of special needs children in Hong Kong with particular reference to support and resourceavailability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250804.
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Mtebele, Nozibele Sweetness. "Assessing the implementation of the Employment Equity Act in the public service with specific reference to the appointment of women to top management positions: a case study of the Eastern Cape Provincial Administration." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015154.
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The Employment Equity Act, No 55 of 1998forms part of the transformation legislation aimed at promoting equity, and eliminating discriminatory and unfair treatment in the workplace. The South African government has developed a comprehensive policy framework that promotes equity while supporting the advancement of women to managerial positions.An area of consideration for this study is the representation of women in top management positions in the various departments of the Eastern Cape Provincial Administration.This study examined the legislative framework and progress that has made in the appointment of women to managerial positions in the South African public service and, in particular, the Eastern Cape Province. A comparison between the 2012 and 2013 Eastern Cape employment equity reports shows that there is slow progress in the implementation of employment equity. Although both South African men and women are well represented in the economically active population, women hold a relatively small percentage of top management positions. This study, through an in-depth review of literature, identified barriers to the implementation of employment equity in the Eastern Cape Provincial Administration.The Eastern Cape employment equity reports were analysed. The purpose of this analysis was to find the strengths and weaknesses, and successes and failures in the implementation of the Employment Equity Act and related legislation. The final part of this studyprovided an in-depth discussion and recommendations regarding the barriers and weaknesses of the South African employment equity system that have been highlighted throughout the study.
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Grau, Sarabia Mónica. "Deconstruyendo el Business desde el feminismo. La empresa social como referente para la igualdad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586193.
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La desigualdad de las mujeres se materializa en cada uno de los ámbitos de la vida y el business es uno de ellos. El objetivo general de la tesis es analizar críticamente el origen de la desigualdad de las mujeres en el business para proponer un marco normativo, ético y feminista, y un modelo de negocio igualitario. Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo es que las causas de la desigualdad en el business hay buscarlas más allá de los hechos, muestras de poder sobre las mujeres, analizando la construcción y los fundamentos ontológicos del propio business.
En el primer capítulo analizamos los fundamentos ontológicos del business desde el sistema económico liberal, capitalista, teorizado por la economía clásica, que es el modelo de business hegemónico. A continuación, presentamos los hechos, diversos e interrelacionados, que muestran la desigualdad de las mujeres en ese modelo de business hegemónico. Clasificamos estos hechos en siete grandes categorías: la relación contractual, la feminización de sectores y ramas de actividad, la creación de negocios, la jerarquía patriarcal, los derivados de la responsabilidad de los trabajos de cuidados, el acoso sexual y las mujeres como sujeto en el mercado. Terminamos el capítulo nombrando las posibles razones por las que los intentos institucionales de alcanzar la igualdad en el business han resultado fallidos.
En el segundo capítulo hacemos una breve revisión a la teoría feminista y la economía feminista en tanto que teorías criticas que cuestionan el orden social, político y económico que supone la ideología patriarcal capitalista. Y tratamos de identificar sus puntos clave: el patriarcado como sistema de dominación, la dicotomía público/privado, el contrato sexual y el derecho de propiedad, el género, el sujeto mujer, el homo economicus y la lógica de acumulación de capital.
En el tercer capítulo, sirviéndonos de cómo se ha construido del modelo de business hegemónico y de las bases del patriarcado-capitalista, llevamos a cabo el ejercicio de deconstrucción de la estructura de desigualdad en el business. La desigualdad puede entenderse como una estructura ideológica de poder hegemónica en todas las actividades del business. Identificamos cuatro elementos en esa estructura, a modo de supuestos asumidos, que articulan la desigualdad en el business: el orden dicotómico y jerárquico de la vida; el sujeto abstracto, acorpóreo, autónomo y competitivo; el capital como razón de ser del business; y el comportamiento eficiente y performativo de género. El business es una actividad relacional y como tal los elementos se sitúan a varios niveles: un nivel macro, en su relación con el orden dicotómico y jerárquico de la vida; un nivel micro en su relación con el sujeto; un nivel extra en relación con qué aporta a la vida; y un nivel intra, en relación a cómo se comporta. Con en el ejercicio de deconstrucción se visibiliza aquello que está oculto permitiendo identificar los elementos con los que se debería construir una estructura de igualdad. Los cuatro elementos propuestos para visibilizar son: 1) el orden complejo e interelaccional de la vida; 2) la primacía del cuidado, reconocimiento de la vulnerabilidad e interdependencia; 3) la sostenibilidad como fin último; y 4) las empresas como espacios de co-creación y colaboración entre iguales.
Una vez deconstruida la desigualdad estructural del business, y sabiendo los requisitos para reconstruir un modelo de business igualitario, en el capítulo cuatro presentamos un marco normativo, ético y feminista, con el propósito de asegurar la igualdad y la sostenibilidad de la vida como principios éticos articuladores del nuevo modelo. Por un lado, las capacidades humanas necesarias para vivir una vida digna identificadas por Nussbaum (2002) nos permiten valorar la alineación del proyecto empresarial con el objetivo social de la sostenibilidad de la vida. Por otro lado, la perspectiva del universalismo interactivo de Benhabid (1992) nos permite valorar el grado de compromiso hacia la igualdad en todas la relaciones empresariales, el reconocimiento de las particularidades y diferencias de los individuos en tanto que únicos y, por tanto, imposibles de encajar en una idea abstracta de sujeto, y la superación de la condición de otredad de las mujeres en el business.
Para finalizar, y con la intención de mostrar que otra manera de hacer negocio es posible, en el capítulo cinco presentamos la empresa social como ejemplo de lo que puede ser un business igualitario. Desde su enfoque económico, como parte de la Economía Social y Solidaria, y su enfoque político, como parte del modelo de ciudadanía participativa de la Innovación Social, la empresa social es un referente para hacer negocios sin los elementos de la estructura de la desigualdad en el business hegemónico. Como mostramos con empresas concretas, es una realidad que ya está en marcha. Pensamos que reforzando la estructura de la igualdad y con el marco normativo que proponemos, la empresa social llevaría a la superación de la desigualdad de las mujeres en el business.The inequality of women is materialized in every area of life and business is one of them. The general objective of the thesis is to analyse critically the origin of the inequality of women in business and propose a normative, ethical and feminist framework, and an egalitarian business model. Our working hypothesis is that the causes of inequality in business must be sought beyond the facts, analysing the construction and the ontological foundations of the business itself. In the first chapter we analyse the ontological foundations of business from the liberal, capitalist economic system, theorized by classical economics, which is the hegemonic business model. Next, we present the diverse and interrelated facts that show the inequality of women in this hegemonic business model. We classify these facts in seven major categories: the contractual relationship, the feminization of sectors and areas of activity, the creation of businesses, the patriarchal hierarchy, the derivatives of responsibility for care work, sexual harassment and women as subjects in the market. We finish the chapter by naming possible reasons why institutional attempts to achieve equality in business have failed. In the second chapter we briefly review feminist theory and feminist economics as critical theories that question the social, political and economic order that the capitalist patriarchal supposition supposes. And we try to identify its key points: patriarchy as a system of domination, the public / private dichotomy, the sexual contract and the property right, gender, the woman subject, the homo economicus and the logic of capital accumulation. In the third chapter, using how the hegemonic business model and the foundations of patriarchy-capitalism have been constructed, we carry out the exercise of deconstructing the structure of inequality in business. Inequality can be understood as an ideological structure of hegemonic power in all business activities. We identify four elements in this structure, as assumptions made, that articulate inequality in business: the dichotomous and hierarchical order of life; the abstract, incorporeal, autonomous and competitive subject; capital as business raison d'être; and the efficient and performative behaviour of gender. Business is a relational activity and as such the elements are placed at several levels: a macro level, in its realization with the dichotomy and hierarchical order of life; a micro level in its relationship with the subject; an extra level in relation to what it brings to life; and an intra level, in relation to how it behaves. With the exercise of deconstruction we visibilize what is hidden, allowing identifying the elements with which an equal structure should be built. The four proposed elements to make visible are: 1) the complex and interrelacional order of life; 2) the primacy of care, recognition of vulnerability and interdependence; 3) sustainability as ultimate aim and 4) companies as spaces for co-creation and collaboration among equals. Once the structural inequality of business is deconstructed, and knowing the requirements to reconstruct an egalitarian business model, in chapter four we present a normative, ethical and feminist framework, in order to ensure equality and sustainability of life as ethical principles articulators of the new model. On the one hand, the human capacities necessary to live a dignified life identified by Nussbaum (2002) allow us to assess the alignment of the business project with the social objective of the sustainability of life. On the other hand, the perspective of the interactive universalism of Benhabid (1992) allows us to assess the degree of commitment to equality in all business relationships, the recognition of the particularities and differences of individuals as unique and, therefore, impossible to fit into an abstract idea of subject, and overcoming the condition of otherness of women in business. Finally, and with the intention of showing that another way of doing business is possible, in chapter five we present the social enterprise as an example of what an egalitarian business can be. From its economic approach, as part of the Social and Solidarity Economy, and its political approach, as part of the model of participatory citizenship of Social Innovation, the social enterprise is a reference for doing business without the elements of the structure of inequality in the hegemonic business. As we showed with specific companies, it is a reality that is already underway. We think that by reinforcing the structure of equality and the normative framework we propose, social enterprise would lead to overcoming the inequality of women in business.
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Sitonga, Mandlenkosi Clifford. "A critical analysis of the role and status of women employees in the Western Cape Provincial Administration since 1994 with specific reference to the Department of Local Government and Housing." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1642.
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Mini-dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Public Management
In the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013One of the post 1994 Government foremost tasks has been to transform the Public Service into an efficient and effective instrument capable of delivering equitable service to all citizens and driving the country’s economic and social development. Towards this end a number of legislative and policy changes were made which saw the emergence of a new public administration paradigm, both in terms of how Public service are to be managed and how they are to be delivered to the public. This was particularly relevant to the equality status of women on all levels of the public service in South Africa and the Western in particular. Transformation in the Western Cape Administration and in the two departments in particular will not advance enough to benefit the majority of the Populace adequately, unless individuals from the designated groups are largely employed in positions with authority and with real decision-making powers. Males will continue to dominate in the middle to upper levels as long as the leadership is caught up with the vicious cycle of continuing to employ people with mainly the same race and gender profile in the two departments in the Provincial government of the Western Cape. Therefore, it is critical for the Western Cape government to align their employment equity interventions, including skills and succession planning, with its employment equity objectives. Commitment by the leadership of the Western Cape Province to effectively implement the Act in substance and spirit is likely to assist transformation by creating workplaces that are equitable in nature and free from discrimination. This Mini- dissertation provides insight into the historical and current situations of women in the Western Cape and the departments of local government and human settlement in particular and ventures to make a number of recommendations to improve the status of women in the administration of the Western Cape government.
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Haarmann, Dirk. "From state maintenance grants 'to a new child support system: Building a policy for poverty alleviation with special reference to the financial, social, and developmental impacts." University of the Western Cape, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8410.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDState social security transfers for families existed in South Africa only in the form of state maintenance grants, which paid up to R700 to single parents. The system was not appropriate in the South African context, being racially biased and financially unsustainable. The Department of Welfare - following in principle the recommendations of the "Lund report" - introduced with effect from 1 April 1998 a child support grant which is payable to the primary care-givers of children, regardless of their family status. The level of benefit was set at RIOOper month per child for children up to the age of six (incl.). The Department declared that 48% or 3 million children should be targeted. At the same time, the SMGs are to be phased out over a three year period. This research was conducted between November 1995 and March 1998. The analysis of the different suggestions during the policy process and the final policy is based on two pillars: • A situation analysis of the living conditions of South Africa's children on the basis of a composite index. • An evaluation of policy scenarios on the basis of a microsimulation model. The index tries to give a complex picture of the living conditions of children by looking at the financial situation, housing, health, and employment opportunities of the households the children are living in. The analysis reveals that nearly 70% of South Africa's children up to the age of six (incl.) live below the poverty line as defined. A further analysis of the household structure indicates that poorer children are likely to live in larger households. The overall policy shift from a support of single parent families to children in poverty regardless of their family status is espoused. However, the microsimulation model which analyses the impact of different factors like the 'level of benefit', the 'age-cohort', the 'means-test', and the 'administrative requirements', reveals that there are still serious flaws in the current policy. Due to the fact that the means-test is based on the total household income, nearly 40% of the children living below the poverty line are excluded. In addition, the administration needs urgent attention as its capacity is the decisive factor in the success of the programme. The thesis calculates that in the next five years up to R2 billion less will be spent on poor children and the goal of reaching 3 million children will not be achieved, if the problems identified are not addressed. The thesis develops an alternative suggestion to the current policy. While microsimulation has become quite a standard procedure in the analysis of social policies in industrialised countries, there is so far no application in developing countries. It is hoped that by taking this policy analysis as a case-study, this thesis is a step towards the introduction of this method here. Microsimulation models provide important information to enhance the transparency and accountability of policy processes. In this case, civil society was able to challenge Government's decision on a very informed basis, to put pressure on decision makers successfully, and to make workable alternative suggestions. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that against Government's promise redistribution does not take place. Instead a shift towards a more neo-liberal approach in social policy is observed.
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Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.
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Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.