Journal articles: 'Employment references'

1

McConnell, Charles R. "Exchanging Honest Employment References." Health Care Manager 26, no. 4 (October 2007): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hcm.0000299255.29678.19.

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McConnell, Charles R. "Exchanging Honest Employment References." Health Care Manager 34, no. 1 (2015): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hcm.0000000000000041.

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Mustafa, Engin. "Employment references and the law." Human Resource Management International Digest 22, no. 7 (October 13, 2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-10-2014-0143.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine whether employers are bound to provide references on former employees and the kinds of information they should contain. Design/methodology/approach – It arrives at a set of conclusions through considering case law in England and Wales. Findings – It explains why writing a reference is increasingly the responsibility of human-resource specialists in an organization. Practical implications – It reveals that employers have a number of options, the choice between which will depend upon the organization’s aversion to risk and its balancing of the obligations felt to employees and their future employers. Social implications – It considers that, in an increasingly risk-averse culture, more and more organizations are providing minimal information in references on former employees and avoiding value judgments. Originality/value – It considers the state of the law in England and Wales as regards writing references on former employees.

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Zackin, Freda M. "Employment References—Giving and Receiving." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 108, no. 6 (June 2008): 1053–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.04.032.

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Griffith, Richard. "Employment references and the law." British Journal of Healthcare Management 15, no. 5 (May 2009): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2009.15.5.42115.

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Beswick, David. "Employment Law SOS." Manufacturing Management 2019, no. 1 (January 2019): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s2514-9768(22)90229-7.

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Tahan, Samar, and Brian H. Kleiner. "New developments concerning giving employment references." Management Research News 24, no. 3/4 (March 2001): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170110782694.

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Martucci, William C., and Daniel B. Boatright. "State regulations update: Immunity for employment references." Employment Relations Today 22, no. 2 (June 1995): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ert.3910220211.

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9

Horkan, Edward R. "Contracting around the Law of Defamation and Employment References." Virginia Law Review 79, no. 2 (March 1993): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073419.

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PAETZOLD, RAMONA L., and STEVEN L. WILLBORN. "EMPLOYER (IR)RATIONALITY AND THE DEMISE OF EMPLOYMENT REFERENCES." American Business Law Journal 30, no. 1 (May 1992): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.1992.tb00657.x.

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Parry, Gareth. "A Legal Examination of Two Cases Involving Employment References." Educational Management & Administration 27, no. 4 (October 1999): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263211x990274003.

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12

Williams, Adrian S. "Appraising the Scope of Employers’ Obligations to Provide Employment References." Business Law Review 25, Issue 11 (November 1, 2004): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2004123.

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Griffith, Richard, and Cassam Tengnah. "Employment references and the Law: an overview for district nurses." British Journal of Community Nursing 14, no. 4 (April 2009): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2009.14.4.41527.

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Wang, Xinya, and Yizhao Chen. "More Rational, More Attractive: Industrial Structure Rationalization and Migrant Workers’ Employment Choices in China." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (March 26, 2024): 2746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072746.

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Industrial structure rationalization could affect not only the employment structure but also the micro-employment choices of the labor force. Using the national individual-level survey data, we examine how regional industrial structure rationalization influences the employment status and location choices of migrant workers respectively using a probit model. The results show that industrial structure rationalization can significantly increase the probability that migrant workers choose regular and cross-provincial employment and reduce the probability of intra-provincial labor mobility, self-employment, and temporary employment. Higher employee welfare and income are the main mechanisms underlying the effect on migrant workers’ employment choices. Furthermore, the effects of industrial structure rationalization on the employment status and location choices of migrant workers differ according to gender, family size, and industry. These findings deepen the understanding of the relationship between industrial structure rationalization and labor migration and offer references for governments to promote regional sustainable development.

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Amine, Samir. "Reflections On Employment Protection Legislation: An International Comparison." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 18, no. 1 (March 20, 2015): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2015-0007.

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In Europe, as in the rest of industrialized countries, reforms of the labour market have generally concerned employment protection legislation (EPL). One of the main missions of this legislation is to insure security for workers, particularly in case of redundancy. The object of this article is to compare the strictness and the degree of rigidity of EPL in two different economies, namely, Canada and France. This choice is justified by the fact that the labour market policies in both countries do not have the same orientation and are based on different ideological references.

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Jia, Xiangyu, Yue Gao, and Yuqing Liu. "Analysis and Advice on Employment Forecasts for Graduates Taking into Account the Characteristics of Employment Mobility." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 18, no. 18 (September 25, 2023): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i18.43509.

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In the context of accelerating globalization, the emerging knowledge economy and rapid technological development have brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to the employment choices of graduates. The employment mobility of graduates has been constantly increasing, and their employment decisions are no longer limited to majors or regions. Instead, graduates can consider various factors more comprehensively, including industrial and urban development, compensation and benefits, etc. This study attempted to understand the characteristics of graduate employment mobility from a more macro perspective, by deeply analyzing the spatial correlation measure and the city-industry integration effect. Then, detailed research and prediction were conducted on the mobility characteristics based on the dynamic decomposition prediction mechanism, which provided not only a more scientific and accurate theoretical basis for graduate employment prediction but also scientific decision-making references for policy makers and educational institutions when formulating relevant policies and educational training plans. The research results contribute to promoting close city-industry integration and have important reference value for promoting urban economic development and optimizing urban industrial structure.

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Sá, Diego Saraiva, Marcos Pires Costa, Hélder Uzêda Castro, and Manoel Joaquim Fernandes De Barros. "35 years of change: trajectory and challenges of including people with disabilities in Brazil." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 2 (February 9, 2024): e5036. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.2-061.

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The article examines the inclusion of people with disabilities in Brazil since the 1988 Constitution, focusing on advances and challenges in rights, education, employment, and inclusive culture. Key references include the Federal Constitution, the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and academic studies. The methodology involves qualitative analysis of policies and legislation, supplemented by a literature review. The findings highlight significant progress but also ongoing barriers, particularly in education and employment, underscoring the need for effective public policies and increased social awareness.

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Hanstein, Michael. "“TeVtonICos Mars tVrbat Vb[I]qVe Dynastas.”." Daphnis 48, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 539–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04804007.

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Abstract The following study examines 20 chronograms addressing the Thirty Years’ War (Dreißigjaehriger Krieg, 1618–1648). Most of them were written in Latin by one of three authors, Samuel Gloner, Elias Kolb and Timotheus Polus, who aspired higher employment at Strasbourg University. References to the Thirty Years’ War ranged from general references (e.g. the biblical “vale of tears”) to the mentioning of specific places or historic figures such as King Gustaf Adolf ii of Sweden. Chronograms as part of an epithalamium expressed best wishes for bride and groom. Chronograms as part of an epicedium referred to Christian religion or neostoic philosophy.

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Longo, María Eugenia. "Youth Employment Policies: Tackling Meanings and Social Norms within National Contexts." Youth and Globalization 3, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 56–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895745-03010003.

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Abstract The transnational urgency of tackling youth employment problems has prompted state interventions, which have strongly geared youth policies toward employability. Applying a cognitive and interpretative approach, this article compares youth employment policies in four contexts—France, Canada, Quebec and Argentina—to highlight frames of reference and social norms involved in public action. The results reveal, first, commonalities and differences in public-policy approaches, in terms of goals, targeted populations, solutions, services and tools. Second, beyond policies’ formal characteristics, semantic analysis highlights the major national references and policy directions in the realm of youth employment. Third, the frames of reference show social norms shaping state solidarity and young people’s role in the labour market. The results stem from a documentary analysis of some 100 youth employment policies and programs, as well as interpretative analysis of interviews (N = 20) with experts and coordinators of some of the main policies in each context.

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Yusuf, Nadia, and Vivian Nasrulddin. "Employment Sustainability and Prospects of the Automotive Industry in Saudi Arabia." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n3p63.

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The research revolves around the automotive industry of Saudi Arabia and how the industry can be used as an opportunity towards creating more employment opportunities for the youth. A detailed discussion has been done to identify the existing problems in the concerned sector along with a brief background study. The employment opportunities and related trade conditions are also discussed. The growth prospects of the automotive industry along with the investment opportunities have been provided. In the later part of the research, recommendations for overall industry growth are mentioned. The report also contains references from reputed authors and trusted sources, which makes the report more authentic and informative. Detailed evaluation of the obtained data shows that changes in import and export rates can influence the employment market in terms of generating trade volume. Moreover, attempt to attract foreign investment through encouraging trade transactions can result in strengthening industrial growth through creating better employment opportunities.

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21

Stevens, George E. "Newspaper Liability for Libel of a Former Employee." Newspaper Research Journal 8, no. 4 (June 1987): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953298700800405.

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Newspapers have experienced an increase in the number of libel suits brought by former employees. Cases have involved explanations to readers about why staff members were discharged, communications to staffers regarding the dismissals of former colleagues and employment references. This article discusses libel law as it applies to these problems and suggests how newspapers may avoid liability.

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22

Ballam, Deborah A. "EMPLOYMENT REFERENCES-SPEAK NO EVIL, HEAR NO EVIL: A PROPOSAL FOR MEANINGFUL REFORM." American Business Law Journal 39, no. 3 (March 2002): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2002.tb00302.x.

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23

Deng, Xin, Dingde Xu, Yanbin Qi, and Miao Zeng. "Labor Off-Farm Employment and Cropland Abandonment in Rural China: Spatial Distribution and Empirical Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091808.

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Alleviating cropland misallocation is helpful for the sustainable development of agriculture. Does off-farm employment inevitably result in cropland misallocation (e.g., cropland abandonment) and threaten the sustainable development of agriculture? This study differs from prior studies in its view that off-farm employment does not necessarily result in cropland abandonment. Specifically, the study employs survey data from 8031 peasant households from 27 provinces in rural China and spatial statistics to analyze the distribution of off-farm employment and cropland abandonment. Empirical models (i.e., IV-Probit and IV-Tobit) are used to examine the quantitative relation between off-farm employment and cropland abandonment. The results are as follows. (1) The spatial distribution of off-farm employment or cropland abandonment differs among regions. Regions with a higher rate of off-farm employment show more cropland abandonment but a lower average area of cropland abandonment. (2) Off-farm employment has a significant and positive correlation with cropland abandonment. However, its square has a significant and negative correlation with cropland abandonment; i.e., there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between off-farm employment and cropland abandonment, with the turning point occurring at 46.00% off-farm employment. (3) Off-farm employment has a significant and positive correlation with the area of cropland abandonment. However, its square has a significant and negative correlation with the area; i.e., there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between off-farm employment and area, with the turning point occurring at 44.50% off-farm employment. This study reveals the relationship between off-farm employment and cropland abandonment and provides policymakers with references for use in developing sustainable agriculture.

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24

Zhou, Dongsheng, Yang Lu, and Min Wei. "Curriculum Reform and Practice Exploration of "Foundation of Innovation and Entrepreneurship" for College Normal Majors." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 5, no. 4 (November 24, 2023): p101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v5n4p101.

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According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, the scale of ordinary college graduates in 2023 is expected to reach 11.58 million, an increase of 820,000 compared with 2022 (General Office of the State Council of China, 2015). This figure once again hit a record high in employment, and the employment situation is becoming more and more severe. All walks of life in society have higher and higher expectations for the comprehensive ability of college students, and college students are facing greater pressure and challenges in the process of job-hunting. This paper will discuss the curriculum design, teaching mode, education and teaching reform strategy, experimental research, conclusions and prospects, so as to provide some useful references for the education and teaching reform of innovation and entrepreneurship management courses for college students, and improve the quality of graduate training and employment competitiveness.

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Fratantuono, Lee. "Lycia and the Lycians in the <em>Aeneid:</em> Virgil’s Herodotus." Florentia Iliberritana 34 (January 31, 2024): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/floril.v34.27704.

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Close reading of Virgil’s references to Lycia and the Lycians in his Aeneid reveal the influence of Herodotus’ account of the early history of the people, notably the Lycian migration from Crete to Asia Minor. Virgil’s employment of Lycian lore and Herodotean allusions serves to highlight certain developments in the Roman civil wars, not least the Lycian help afforded to Octavian at Philippi.

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Shichkin, Igor. "Using the Potential of Social Media in Profiling and Attributing Precarious Employment of Socio-Demographic Groups in Russia." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 18, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.4.6.

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In the past three decades have seen the rapid development of Internet and its wide distribution across countries and socio-demographic groups. The use of social media for researches may be really useful, as users of media platforms often post data or enter queries related with their current work or job search. The research presents the results of an analysis of data found in social media and open information resources related to precarious employment in Russia. There was used thesaurus technology in the processing of information which consists of scientific articles and public discussions. Automatic monitoring of news, posts and discussions of precarious employment issue was carried out. Identification of precarious employment actors were carried out using the Big Data processing technology. The gender, age and professional connection of precarious employment actors, as well as their geographical location in Russia, has been revealed. The author evaluates the scale of precarious employment in the context of Russian federal districts. There are factors, attributes and consequences of labor precarisation in Russia are identified in result of social media data analysis. Sociodemographic, professional and regional profile of a subject with high risks of precarious employment in Russia has been compiled. Based on the monitoring of references to precarious employment in social networks, blogs and public information resources, its manifestations were systematized in the context of a negative impact on the quality of working life, employment incomes and households’ standard of living.

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Eisenberg, Deborah Thompson, Donna Shestowsky, and Robert R. Niccolini. "What Matters to Employment Attorneys When Considering Online or In‐Person Mediation?" Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 41, no. 10 (October 27, 2023): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alt.22020.

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During the pandemic, most mediations pivoted to online videoconferencing platforms (Gealy et al., 2021; Golann, 2021—all citations appear in full in the References and Resources box at the end of the article). Post‐pandemic, parties have the freedom to choose between in‐person and online mediation. Research that can inform decisions about mediation format has not kept pace with the meteoric rise in online mediation. While mediators and participants have shared impressions (and some, enthusiasm) about their experiences with online mediation during the pandemic (Franklin, 2021; Paulson, 2021), we need additional research examining whether and how mediation format affects the process and outcome of mediation.

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Moran, Neil. "Byzantine castrati." Plainsong and Medieval Music 11, no. 2 (October 2002): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137102002073.

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The employment of castrati in the Byzantine Church can be traced back to the choirmaster Brison in the fourth century. Brison was called upon by John Chrysostom to organize the antiphonal hymn-singing in the patriarchal church. Since eunuchs were generally considered to be remnants of a pagan past, castrati are seldom mentioned in early Byzantine sources, but beginning in the tenth century references to eunuchs or castrati became more and more frequent. By the twelfth century all the professional singers in the Hagia Sophia were castrati. The repertory of the castrati is discussed and the question is raised whether the introduction of castrati to the Sistine Chapel was influenced by the employment of castrati in Italo-Greek cloisters.

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Yudhana, Anton, Abdul Fadlil, and Eko Prianto. "Performance Analysis of Hashing Methods on the Employment of App." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 3512. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3512-3522.

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The administrative process carried out continuously produces large data. So the search process takes a long time. The search process by hashing methods can save time faster. Hashing is methods that directly access data in a table by making references to the key that hashing becomes the address in the table. The performance analysis of the hashing method is done by the number of 18 digit character values. The process of analysis is done on applications that have been implemented in the application. The algorithm of hashing method analyzed is progressive overflow (PO) and linear quotient (LQ). The main purpose of performance analysis of hashing method is to know how gig the performance of each method. The results analyzed showed the average value of collision with 15 keys in the analysis of 53.3% yield the same value, while 46.7% showed the linear quotient has better performance.

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30

Williams, Adrian S. "Opening Pandora’s Box - Appraising the Tortious Liability of Employers In Respect of Employment References." Business Law Review 25, Issue 12 (December 1, 2004): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2004128.

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Zhou, Wenshu. "Research on Building a Five-in-One Entrepreneurship Education System for College Students in the Context of Double Creation." International Journal of Education and Humanities 13, no. 3 (April 24, 2024): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/s4wzyz95.

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With the rapid development of higher education in China, the employment of college students has become a focal point for colleges and universities. The employment of college students is not only related to the national economic development and social stability, but also to the healthy, coordinated and sustainable development of higher education. The new situation of social and economic development has brought new challenges and opportunities for college students' employment. Under the background of "mass innovation and entrepreneurship", more and more college graduates choose to start their own business to realize their life ideals and values. This paper analyzes the focus of entrepreneurship education for college students under the background of double creation and builds a "five-in-one" education system from the five aspects of education concept, education content, education method, education platform and education practice of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, with a view to providing references for entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.

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Bowen, John. "Lesson learned from the pandemic: the need for sustainable employment." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 12, no. 6 (December 2, 2020): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2020-0070.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a definition of sustainable employment (SE), the conditions that undermine SE, the need for SE and how the additional costs of SE can be covered through a re-imagined business. The paper is specific to industry policies and government laws in the USA. However, the concept of SE is a global issue, and this paper’s discussion has global implications. Design/methodology/approach This is a viewpoint paper based on the author’s knowledge and opinion supported by references. Findings SE is key for the hospitality industry's success with the additional costs of its introduction being possibly covered through a reimagined business. This will lead to a committed and stable workforce. Originality/value This paper introduces the concept of SE. The pandemic exposed the need for a committed and stable workforce in the hospitality industry. This paper supports this need, explains the benefits of SE and gives insight into how to fund SE.

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Putra, I. Putu Rasmadi Arsha, I. Ketut Tjukup, and Dewa Gede Pradya Yustiawan. "Legal Protection of Labor in Employment for Termination of Employment Due to the Acquisition of the Company." Substantive Justice International Journal of Law 3, no. 1 (April 19, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/sjijl.v3i1.51.

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The emergence of competition makes companies do various things to maintain their existence and the stability of companies in the world of economy. One of the ways the company survives in the agreement is to make an acquisition. In addition to generating profits for the company that acquires the acquiring company, acquiring can also balance employment including termination of employment that is detrimental to workers. The subject matter of this research is protection for workers carried out with the approval and how to solve the problems requested by companies that carry out procurement actions. This research is normative legal research, which is assisted by field research with interview techniques. The agreement used was approval on the invitation (statute approach), conceptual agreement (conceptual approach) and case approach (case approach). Data is collected by literature study, by reading references that are used such as invitation rules, books, journals, which are related to the debate raised, then analyzed by description analysis techniques. Regarding the results obtained in Indonesia's positive law legal protection for workers resulting from acquisitions by companies still relies on the Labor Act, there is no sense of justice for workers when there are terminations due to the acquisition. Termination of employment is resolved by legal action in the form of non-litigation and legal litigation under the Settlement of Industrial Relations Disputes Act. This research is important because the labor law is far from the concept of the Pancasila legal rule in which the Pancasila legal rules always uphold public welfare and social justice in the protection of workers, workers in Indonesia are still underestimated and do not have enough space to protect.

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Wang, Yiyuan, and Yanlu Yang. "Research on Local Employment Intention of College Graduates Facing Urban Economic Development: Based on R City in China." East Asian Trade Association 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47510/jeat.2023.5.1.53.

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Purpose - Based on the highly coupled relationship between local college graduates’ localized employment and urban economic development, this paper mainly studies the willingness and influencing factors of local college graduates’ localized employment. Design/Methodology/Approach - Based on theoretical research, this paper takes R city in China as the specific research object. It uses a combination of academic research and empirical analysis methods to conduct a questionnaire survey on 306 students from four local universities in R city. A total of 231 valid questionnaires were collected, and the collected data was statistically analyzed using Spss.22. Findings - This paper found that there are significant differences in the willingness of local employment among students from different universities in R city. Factors such as understanding of employment policies, attractiveness of employment policies, natural environment, convenience of life, housing prices, levels, wage levels, urban development prospects, and employment opportunities affect the willingness of local university students in R city to work locally. Among them, the positive impact of urban development prospects is the most prominent, followed by the understanding of employment policies. The attractiveness of employment policies and convenience of life, while housing prices have had a negative impact. Research Implications - The research results of this article provide valuable references for local cities such as R city to formulate talent policies, attract talent aggregation, enhance the willingness of local university graduates to localize employment and build a virtuous cycle mechanism between education investment and economic output. R city should tell the future development story of the city well, formulate talent policies that are more conducive to talent aggregation without realizing the story, and better promote talent policies.

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Valančiūnas, Deimantas. "Indian Horror: The Western monstrosity and the fears of the nation in the Ramsay Brothers’ Bandh Darwaza." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2011.1.3933.

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Vilnius UniversityThis paper investigates Indian horror films as a site of socio-economical tensions in India at the end of the 1980s through the employment of the postcolonial reading of the 1990 Ramsay brothers’ horror film Bandh Darwaza. This paper argues that specific references to the European gothic tradition and employment of imagery and interpretation of a western monstrosity (Dracula) in the film are not merely the exploitation of the exotic discourse, but an unconscious articulation of fears and anxieties summoned by the specific socio-economic conditions of India. The political turmoil and the economic changes at the end of the 1980s created a specific platform for fears and anxieties that were articulated through the deformed monsters of the western gothic tradition.

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Storm, Mike, Matthew H. Secrest, Courtney Carrington, Keely Gilroy, Leanne Pladson, Audra N. Boscoe, and Deborah Casso. "Prevalence of Red Cell Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: A Systematic Literature Review." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124381.

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Introduction: Red cell pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a rare congenital disorder caused by compound heterozygosity or homozygosity for >300 mutations in the PKLR gene. The resulting glycolytic defect can lead to lifelong chronic hemolysis and associated symptoms, including anemia, jaundice, and iron overload. Reports of PKD prevalence vary, likely due to several factors, including PKD rarity, differences in measurement approaches, diagnostic challenges, and variable clinical expression. To understand the prevalence of PKD, we conducted a systematic literature review to identify and evaluate analyses of PKD epidemiology or PKLR mutant allele frequency (MAF). Methods: We queried Embase and Medline, screened conference abstracts, and considered relevant articles encountered incidentally to identify peer-reviewed references published before January 23, 2019 reporting PKD prevalence or incidence, PKLR MAF among the general population, or crude results from which prevalence, incidence or MAF could be derived. Two independent reviewers screened for eligibility and extracted data from eligible studies using a custom tool. Results: Of 1390 references screened, 1296 were excluded after title/abstract review (Figure). Of the remaining 94 references, 34 met eligibility criteria on full text review. In 30/34 eligible studies, potential sources of bias in PKD prevalence were identified, such as a non-generalizable study population (e.g., malaria-endemic areas; n=17), use of diagnostic assays of questionable accuracy (n=9), consideration of mutations with incomplete penetrance (n=3), and consideration of mutations with unclear clinical significance (n=1). The remaining 4 studies were considered high-quality for the estimation of PKD prevalence and were further assessed. Among these 4 studies, an important distinction was made between studies reporting diagnosed prevalence (n=3) and overall disease prevalence (diagnosed and undiagnosed PKD; n=1). Two studies estimated diagnosed PKD prevalence as 3.2 per million[i] and 8.5 per million[ii] by identifying diagnosed PKD cases from source populations of known size. We estimated the prevalence of diagnosed PKD in a general population to be 6.5 per million using data from another high-quality study[iii] that screened newborns for bilirubin and tested jaundiced newborns for PKD. These 3 studies are likely underestimates because they only consider diagnosed cases, and in one study only diagnosed, jaundice cases. In the final study,[iv] the authors sought to limit biases related to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) assumption, as HWE incorrectly assumes the penetrance of each mutation is 100%. To address this, the authors identified a mutation known to have high penetrance (c.1529G>A), referred to as the 'index mutation'. They then assumed that the frequency of the index mutation relative to other PKD-causing mutations is the same between the general population and PKD cases, which led to a prevalence estimate (diagnosed and undiagnosed) of 51 per million (standard error: 32.5 per million). Conclusions: We consider the likely range of diagnosed PKD prevalence in general Western populations to be 3.2 to 8.5 per million. However, diagnosed and undiagnosed PKD prevalence may be as high as 51 per million. Future studies are needed to understand the clinical significance of various mutant alleles, which may inform more accurate, clinically-relevant PKD prevalence estimates, identify the degree of and reasons for underdiagnosis, and elucidate PKD heterogeneity between populations. References: [i] Carey PJ, Chandler J, Hendrick A, Reid MM, Saunders PW, Tinegate H, Taylor PR, West N. Prevalence of pyruvate kinase deficiency in a northern European population in the north of England. Blood. 2000 Dec 1;96(12):4005-6. [ii] de Medicis E, Ross P, Friedman R, Hume H, Marceau D, Milot M, Lyonnais J, de Braekeleer M. Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia due to pyruvate kinase deficiency: a prevalence study in Quebec (Canada). Human heredity. 1992;42(3):179-83. [iii] Christensen RD, Eggert LD, Baer VL, Smith KN. Pyruvate kinase deficiency as a cause of extreme hyperbilirubinemia in neonates from a polygamist community. Journal of Perinatology. 2010 Mar;30(3):233. [iv] Beutler E, Gelbart T. Estimating the prevalence of pyruvate kinase deficiency from the gene frequency in the general white population. Blood. 2000 Jun 1;95(11):3585-8. Figure Disclosures Storm: Agios: Employment. Secrest:Agios: Other: Received funds as part of contracted research; IQVIA: Employment. Carrington:Agios: Other: Received funds as part of contracted research; IQVIA: Employment. Gilroy:Agios: Employment. Pladson:Agios: Employment. Boscoe:Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Casso:IQVIA: Employment; Agios: Other: Received funds as part of contracted research.

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Scholes, Charlotte Hughes. "Potential Pitfalls in Providing a Job Reference." Legal Information Management 6, no. 1 (March 2006): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669606000120.

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Most employers seek references for all prospective employees by way of a factual check on a candidate's employment history, qualifications and experience and in order to obtain an assessment of their performance and character from their previous employer. However, the risk of ill-judged or inaccurate comments resulting in legal action has caused many employers as a matter of policy to provide only bare references specifying job title, length of service and leaving salary and to decline the provision of any further facts or expression of opinion. This growing gap between the information employers are willing to give and the information they want to receive, alongside the obvious adverse consequences for employees where an existing or former employer declines to provide a reference, continues to cause much confusion. So what are an employer's responsibilities when they are asked for a reference?

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Wang, Mingwei. "Comparative Study on the Low Birth Rate Process in China and Japan and the Impact on University Graduates Employment." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 56, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/56/20231171.

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The low birth rate is a global phenomenon that cannot be overlooked, having profound implications for the socio-economic conditions of many nations and regions. The declining birth rates in China and Japan have been a significant part of the global discourse on this topic. This paper analyzes the impact of low birth rates on the employment of university graduates, encompassing both positive effects such as an increase in employment rates, and negative effects including a decrease in innovation and increased difficulties in promotions. The study observes that there is a roughly 15-year gap in the shifts in the low birth rate phenomenon and the employment conditions of university graduates between China and Japan. The differences between the two nations mainly manifest in the timeframe and pace of the declining birth rates and the associated time lags. A commonality is that the fundamental cause for the low birth rate in both countries is the high cost of child-rearing. Lastly, the paper proposes suggestions for the Chinese government and university graduates, drawing upon the countermeasures and experiences of Japan. These suggestions helps enhance the employment competitiveness of university graduates and promote sustainable economic and social development, offering valuable references for both governments and university students.

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Kalson, Agne. "Special Job-sharing regulation – a Promoter of Flexible Working?" Juridica International 26 (November 13, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2017.26.09.

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The need for additional flexibility and the search for ‘tailor-made’ employment relationships have given rise to new forms of employment all over Europe. Discussions on national level are held about whether and how to integrate emerging new forms of employment into national labour law. Some European Union countries where the new forms of employment have emerged in a larger extent or been evident for a longer time have inserted specific provisions in their national labour legislation. At the same time, many of the EU member states where new forms of employment are practised lack such specific regulation, and standard labour regulation is applied there when new forms of employment are used. The situation leads to a question as to whether the basic labour regulation is sufficient and clear enough to make the application of new forms of employment effective. The paper explores whether it is possible to determine, by proceeding from the example of job‑sharing (as a new form of work) and Estonian labour law, whether the absence of special job-sharing regulation on national level precludes or unreasonably restrains opportunities for parties to an employment relationship to increase the flexibility and enter into a job-sharing regime, in comparison to those countries where special job-sharing regulation exists. Comparative analysis that considers Italian, German, Slovakian, Hungarian, and Lithuanian job-sharing regulations enables covering the theme from the perspective of all existing national normative sources available in the EU. References to all of the job-sharing regulations and practices of EU countries where job-sharing is specifically stipulated help to offer solutions for the problems detected with regard to this research area. The results presented in the article enable other Member States to decide on the necessity of special job‑sharing regulation.

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McConnell, Charles R. "Employment References: Walking Scared between the Minefield of Defamation and the Specter of Negligent Hiring." Health Care Manager 19, no. 2 (December 2000): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126450-200019020-00010.

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McConnell, Charles R. "Employment References: Walking Scared between the Minefield of Defamation and the Specter of Negligent Hiring." Health Care Manager 19, no. 2 (December 2000): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126450-200019020-00011.

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Evuleocha, Stevina U., Steve D. Ugbah, and Sweety Law. "recruiter perceptions of information that employment references should provide to assist in making selection decisions." Journal of Employment Counseling 46, no. 3 (September 2009): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2009.tb00072.x.

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Turner, Monica, Sohan Deshpande, Madhura Chitnis, Michael Byrnes, Christopher Pelligra, Amy Rines-MacEachern, Jessica Morison, and Derek Tang. "A Global Systematic Literature Review on the Burden of Illness in Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 5786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124307.

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Introduction: Adults with transfusion-dependent (TD) anemia due to β-thalassemia experience significant side effects and increased mortality due to iron overload resulting from repeated red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. To characterize the burden associated with TD anemia in adults with β-thalassemia, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to gather data on the clinical, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), economic, and epidemiological burdens, as well as treatment patterns for patients with TD anemia due to β-thalassemia. Methods: Systematic searches (covering the period from database inception to April 2019) were executed in MEDLINE®, Embase®, and the Cochrane Library for observational studies on the burden of illness in adult patients with TD anemia associated with β-thalassemia. Conference proceedings from the last 2 years were searched to identify recent data not yet published in full text. References were screened at the abstract and full-text levels by 2 independent reviewers, with methodology following Cochrane guidelines. Results: Searches of electronic databases yielded 1,252 citations. After removing duplicates, 874 abstracts were reviewed, with 72 publications progressing to full-text review. Five publications from database searches that met the eligibility criteria were included. An additional 11 references were identified for inclusion from hand searching and conference proceedings, resulting in 16 total references reporting on 13 unique study populations (Table, Figure). Study population sizes ranged from 14 to 1,548 patients, with mean ages varying from 19 to 43 years when reported. Definitions of transfusion dependence were reported in 5 studies; 3 studies defined transfusion dependence as receipt of ≥ 8 RBC transfusions over a 1-year period. Clinical outcomes were rarely reported across studies; 1 study reported survival over time (overall survival [OS] of 96% at 1 year, 86% at 2 years, and 71% at 3 years, with no significant differences by sex). Use of iron chelation therapy (ICT) varied from 63.6% to 100% in 5 studies; 1 study reported that 72% of patients received oral iron chelators, 30% received injectable iron chelators, and 14% received both oral and injectable ICT. Mean total annual cost per person for treating patients with β-thalassemia who received regular RBC transfusions was $128,062, significantly higher than for matched controls ($5,438; P < 0.001). The main cost drivers were ICT (48%) and RBC transfusions (31%). Hospitalizations related to transfusions varied widely within and across studies. Instruments that were used to assess patient HRQoL included the SF-36, BPI Short Form, TranQoL, and FACT-An; results were inconsistent across studies. Most studies indicated that β-thalassemia impacted HRQoL relative to the general population. Relative to normative US data (50), patients with β-thalassemia had lower SF-36 scores in role-physical (47.33), social functioning (46.79), role-emotional (46.78), physical component summary (46.8), and for general health (41.5). Patients were found to experience transfusion-related pain throughout the transfusion cycle, with increased pain associated with higher transfusion frequency. A cross-sectional study found that families of patients with β-thalassemia experienced substantial caregiver burden, including employment and financial problems affecting nearly half of families and a high level of parental anxiety. Epidemiological studies were limited to sparse mortality and comorbidity data and did not present data on the incidence or prevalence of adults with TD anemia in β-thalassemia. Mortality in patients with thalassemia major was 12.8%; primary comorbidities were osteoporosis (16%-100%) followed by cardiac disease (30%), hypogonadism (22%), hypothyroidism (12%) and depression (2%). Conclusions: TD β-thalassemia affects multiple areas of a patient's life and well-being. Although limited data were available for the adult population, studies suggested a significant burden affecting the HRQoL and economic outcomes of patients with TD β-thalassemia in countries around the world. To better understand the burden of illness in TD β-thalassemia, further high-quality observational studies on treatment patterns and epidemiology, as well as those on the clinical, HRQoL, and economic burdens, are needed to close the evidence gaps identified by this SLR. Disclosures Turner: Evidera: Employment; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy. Deshpande:Celgene Corporation: Consultancy; Evidera: Employment. Chitnis:Celgene Corporation: Consultancy; Evidera: Employment. Byrnes:Evidera: Employment. Pelligra:Evidera: Employment; Celgene Corporation: Research Funding. Rines-MacEachern:Evidera: Employment. Morison:Celgene Corporation: Employment. Tang:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership.

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Hewitt, Anne, Rosemary Owens, Andrew Stewart, and Joanna Howe. "Are work experience participants protected against sex discrimination or sexual harassment?" Alternative Law Journal 46, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x211002853.

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More and more young Australians are undertaking periods of work experience as a part of their study or independently to facilitate their transition into employment. They are often subject to a significant power disparity compared to others in the workplace, and need the placement to finish a course, and/or to get practical experience, connections and industry references. This makes them vulnerable, including to sexual harassment and sex discrimination. However, whether prohibitions of such conduct apply to them is a complex question, which this article explores.

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Chucha, Sergey Yu. "Suspension of a labor contract." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 6 (2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520026146-1.

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The article deals with the problems of legal regulation of the statics and dynamics of labor relations. An analysis of scientific research on the suspension of an employment contract is carried out. The necessity of fixing the suspension of the employment contract as an institution or sub-institution of labor law is substantiated. It is proposed to fix the legal definition of the relevant concept in a separate article of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, indicating the main forms of suspension of the employment contract through references to other articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. It is argued that the institution of suspension of an employment contract is supplemented with norms regarding workers involved in the performance of work in order to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the state, their enrollment in special formations during the period of mobilization and in wartime, involved in the performance of work for the needs of defense, liquidation of the consequences of the use of enemy of weapons, restoration of damaged (destroyed) economic facilities, life support systems and military facilities, in the fight against fires, epidemics and epizootics, joining special formations and units of territorial defense during the period of martial law, as well as those called up for military service.

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Aarikka-Stenroos, Leena, and Hannu Sakari Makkonen. "Industrial buyers' use of references, word-of-mouth and reputation in complex buying situation." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 29, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-08-2013-0164.

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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to provide understanding on how the buyer can mobilize experience-based information scattered around the business network, by means of customer references, word-of-mouth and reputation, and how this facilitates the buying process. Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative study scrutinizes eight cases comprising buyers of knowledge intensive services and technology innovations. The paper draws on the literature on buying and purchasing, customer references, word-of-mouth and reputational information. Findings – The findings identify the different roles of references, word-of-mouth, collegial advice networks, and reputation, and suggest that experience-based information provides information on offerings, suppliers and the problem solving situation in complex buying per se. Research limitations/implications – The article's contribution is to provide a framework depicting the employment of experience-based information in complex buying, which ensues through focal and continuous buying processes. Insights from this research are broadly applicable to the contexts of knowledge intensive, innovation and solutions business. Further qualitative research should aim to form constructs and define their interrelations to be tested in subsequent quantitative research. Originality/value – This study generates new understanding on how buyers gather and use experience-based information to solve complex problems in buying. It contributes by merging references, word-of-mouth, collegial social networks, and reputation as sources of experience-based information, identifying information embedded in those means, and exploring how the information and means are used throughout the complex buying situation.

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Collom, Ed. "Getting a Barista Job: Adjudicating the Impact of Human Capital, Social Capital, Age and Gender." Open Journal for Sociological Studies 4, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojss.0403.02139c.

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This study concerns the role of human capital, social capital, age, and gender in acquiring a job as an entry-level barista. Employment records were coded and analyzed in order to identify the key factors differentiating this applicant pool. The results from multivariate models produce fewer positive associations between human capital and social capital indicators than the literature suggests. Those with greater educational attainment are more likely to have high-status references on their applications. As seen in previous literature, the social capital of applicants is not very relevant in acquiring this entry-level job. Overall, educational attainment was most salient in increasing the odds of being interviewed and hired. The managers responsible for these decisions appear to favor formal higher education over work experience or references. The findings are discussed vis-à-vis women’s gains in higher education, the growth of the service sector, and the aging of the U.S. population.

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Parry, Gareth, and Angharad M. Parry. "Randi W. v. Muroc Joint Unified School District 1997: implications for employer liability in employment references." Education and the Law 11, no. 4 (January 1999): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0953996990110403.

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Łużniak‑Piecha, Magdalena, and Monika Stawiarska‑Lietzau. "“We Are Looking for a Picasso to Strengthen Our Team ...”: A Manual for Creative Staff Employment." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 50, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0637.

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The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of selected organisational and individual factors affecting innovativeness of organisations. The authors have focused on the mechanisms which are triggered within an organisation whose managing officers deliberately choose to support their employees’ inventiveness, creativity and provide them with talent management in order to develop a good organisational culture. This article is supposed to depict the analysed phenomena from a broad perspective. Therefore, the authors have included references not only to studies focusing on benefits which can be attained by organisations which support creativity, but also to those which analyse factors preventing companies from benefitting from an openness to innovation and creativity in their work environments.

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Gatotrianto B, Salju, and Andi Nadirah. "Blockchain Technology for Employment Healt Insurance Department: Adaptation Isues." International Journal of Economics (IJEC) 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/ijec.v2i1.415.

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Blockchain technology is already being used and implemented in a number of organizational areas, including government, healthcare, banking, insurance, infrastructure, supply chain, data asset management, and education. The challenge faced by Employment BPJS is the continuation of digital technology transformation to increase membership coverage, as well as improve service quality to participants, including shortening service time. The use of a secure Blockchain system, if applied to a social security system, is of course very useful for reducing the duration of the claim process, improving data quality, reducing the risk of loss caused by human error or fraud. This research aims to identify the factors that influence organizations in adopting Blockchain technology. Next, analyze the influence of technology, organization and environment on the adoption of Blockchain technology. The population used in this study were all BPJS Ketenagakerjaan employees in 12 offices, namely 1 head office and 11 regional offices. Then, in determining the research sample, the researcher used a purposive sampling technique. The sample in this study was 150 samples. In determining the factors for adopting Blockchain technology, using the TOE framework model based on the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with Mendeley Desktop tools to process research references. Furthermore, in a quantitative approach, data processing in this study uses Partial Least Square software (SmartPLS version 3) with a structural equation model or Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results show that technology, organization and environment have a significant and positive influence on the adoption of Blockchain technology. Likewise, the effect of adopting Blockchain technology on organizational performance. However, the organizational culture in this research model has no influence on the adoption of Blockchain technology.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Employment references'

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