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1

Wylde, Alison M. "A comparison of resistance mechanisms in common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris, to Empoasca fabae and Empoasca kraemeri." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/MQ47378.pdf.

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2

Welker, Robert M. "White apple leafhopper affects apple fruit quality and leaf gas exchange." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063712/.

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3

Byrne, David N., and Erich A. Draeger. "Evaluation of Potato Leafhopper, Empoasca fabae L., Populations in Arizona Citrus." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220559.

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The potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae L., is a significant pest in the United States, and elsewhere, of alfalfa and potatoes In Arizona and in Coastal and Central California it can also be a pest of citrus. In 1994 and 1995 we collected information concerning their seasonal abundance in a large citrus orchard near Newman Peak Arizona. To do so we employed yellow sticky traps around the orchard periphery, at the same time using a D-Vac® vacuum sampler in the weeds growing in the interior of the orchard During both years peak populations occurred near mid April. This was correlated with a drop in relative humidity and a rise in ambient air temperature.
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4

Ranger, Christopher M. "The chemical mechanism for defense of glandular-haired alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., against the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137739.

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5

Silva, Valeria. "DistribuiÃÃo espacial e vertical da cigarrinha Empoasca kraemeri Ross e Moore (HEMIPTERA: CICADELIDAE) no feijÃo de corda." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8437.

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a dispersÃo espacial e vertical da cigarrinha Empoasca kraemeri Ross e Moore (Hemiptera: Cicadelidae), na cultura de feijÃo de corda [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], estabelecer o nÃmero de amostras necessÃrias para a estimativa da populaÃÃo da praga para o uso em programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas e determinar a unidade amostral. Para isso foram cultivados dois campos experimentais no Campus do Pici em Fortaleza, CearÃ. O primeiro campo tinha uma Ãrea de 216 mÂ, composta de 15 parcelas. O segundo campo tinha uma Ãrea de 576 m dividida em 25 parcelas. A cultivar utilizada foi a Vita 7 com plantas espaÃadas em 0,25 m x 0,8 m. Foram realizadas trÃs coletas de dados no Campo I e quatro no Campo II onde foram avaliadas dez plantas por parcelas. Foi contado o nÃmero de adultos e ninfas de cigarrinha presentes em toda a planta. Para avaliaÃÃo da distribuiÃÃo vertical foi realizada uma avaliaÃÃo no Campo II com vinte e cinco plantas, contando-se o nÃmero de adultos e ninfas de cigarrinha nas dez primeiras folhas a partir do Ãpice e em seus trÃs folÃolos. Os resultados obtidos nos Ãndices de agregaÃÃo utilizados indicam que a dispersÃo do E. kraemeri no campo à do tipo agregada o que foi confirmado pelo ajuste dos dados à distribuiÃÃo de frequÃncia Binomial Negativa. Trinta à o nÃmero de amostras adequado para a estimativa da populaÃÃo de E. kraemeri em campos de V. unguiculata para aplicaÃÃo em programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas. As folhas ideias para amostragem de E. kraemeri sÃo 3, 4, 5 e 6. O folÃolo central apresenta o maior nÃmero de insetos.
The objectives of this work were to study the spatial and vertical dispersion of the leafhopper Empoasca kraemeri Ross and Moore (Hemiptera: Cicadelidae), in cowpea crop [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], establish the number of samples needed to estimate the population of the pest to use in programs of Integrated Pest Management and determine the sample unit. To this task two experimental fields were cultivated in the Pici Campus in Fortaleza, CearÃ. The first field had an area of 216 mÂ, composed of 15 plots. The second field had an area of 576 m divided into 25 plots. The cultivar used was Vita 7 with plants spaced 0.25 m x 0.8 m. We performed three separate collections of data in Field I and four in Field II on ten plants in each plot. It was counted the number of spittlebug nymphs and adults present throughout the plant. To evaluate the vertical distribution assessment was carried out at Field II on twenty-five plants, counting the number of leafhopper nymphs and adults in the first ten leaves from top to botton in its three leaflets. The results according to the aggregation indexes showed that E. kraemeri dispersion in the field follow an aggregate pattern, that was confirmed by a negative binomial frequency distribution. Thirty is the adequate number of sample unit to estimate E. kraemeri on V. unguiculata fields to be used in Integrated Pest Management programs. The ideal sites to sample E. kraemeri are 3, 4, 5 and 6 leaves. The central leaflet presents the highest number of insects.
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6

Silva, Valeria. "Distribuição espacial e vertical da cigarrinha Empoasca kraemeri Ross e Moore (HEMIPTERA: CICADELIDAE) no feijão de corda." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8613.

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SILVA, V. Distribuição espacial e vertical da cigarrinha Empoasca kraemeri Ross e Moore (HEMIPTERA: CICADELIDAE) no feijão de corda. 2012. 56 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2012.
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The objectives of this work were to study the spatial and vertical dispersion of the leafhopper Empoasca kraemeri Ross and Moore (Hemiptera: Cicadelidae), in cowpea crop [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], establish the number of samples needed to estimate the population of the pest to use in programs of Integrated Pest Management and determine the sample unit. To this task two experimental fields were cultivated in the Pici Campus in Fortaleza, Ceará. The first field had an area of 216 m², composed of 15 plots. The second field had an area of 576 m² divided into 25 plots. The cultivar used was Vita 7 with plants spaced 0.25 m x 0.8 m. We performed three separate collections of data in Field I and four in Field II on ten plants in each plot. It was counted the number of spittlebug nymphs and adults present throughout the plant. To evaluate the vertical distribution assessment was carried out at Field II on twenty-five plants, counting the number of leafhopper nymphs and adults in the first ten leaves from top to botton in its three leaflets. The results according to the aggregation indexes showed that E. kraemeri dispersion in the field follow an aggregate pattern, that was confirmed by a negative binomial frequency distribution. Thirty is the adequate number of sample unit to estimate E. kraemeri on V. unguiculata fields to be used in Integrated Pest Management programs. The ideal sites to sample E. kraemeri are 3, 4, 5 and 6 leaves. The central leaflet presents the highest number of insects.
Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a dispersão espacial e vertical da cigarrinha Empoasca kraemeri Ross e Moore (Hemiptera: Cicadelidae), na cultura de feijão de corda [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], estabelecer o número de amostras necessárias para a estimativa da população da praga para o uso em programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas e determinar a unidade amostral. Para isso foram cultivados dois campos experimentais no Campus do Pici em Fortaleza, Ceará. O primeiro campo tinha uma área de 216 m², composta de 15 parcelas. O segundo campo tinha uma área de 576 m² dividida em 25 parcelas. A cultivar utilizada foi a Vita 7 com plantas espaçadas em 0,25 m x 0,8 m. Foram realizadas três coletas de dados no Campo I e quatro no Campo II onde foram avaliadas dez plantas por parcelas. Foi contado o número de adultos e ninfas de cigarrinha presentes em toda a planta. Para avaliação da distribuição vertical foi realizada uma avaliação no Campo II com vinte e cinco plantas, contando-se o número de adultos e ninfas de cigarrinha nas dez primeiras folhas a partir do ápice e em seus três folíolos. Os resultados obtidos nos índices de agregação utilizados indicam que a dispersão do E. kraemeri no campo é do tipo agregada o que foi confirmado pelo ajuste dos dados à distribuição de frequência Binomial Negativa. Trinta é o número de amostras adequado para a estimativa da população de E. kraemeri em campos de V. unguiculata para aplicação em programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas. As folhas ideias para amostragem de E. kraemeri são 3, 4, 5 e 6. O folíolo central apresenta o maior número de insetos.
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7

Decante, Damien. "Répartition spatio-temporelle et migration de la cicadelle verte (Empoasca vitis Goethe) dans un agro-écosystème viticole." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21405.

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L'éco-éthologie de Empoasca vitis a été étudiée dans le vignoble à différentes échelles temporelles (semaine, génération, année) et spatiales (parcelle, ilôt de production, appellation). Elle hiverne dans les abords des parcelles sur des plantes à feuillage persistant et migre vers des plantes hôtes intermédiaires (complémentation), avant de coloniser les parcelles au printemps. Le niveau des populations estivales (potentiellement nuisibles) est influencé par des migrations estivales de longue distance. Les répartitions intra-parcellaires des adultes et larves, cartographiées et comparées avec les caractéristiques agronomiques des parcelles, révèlent de fortes agrégations dans les zones vigoureuses. La présence de plantes-hôtes alternatives de E. Vitis aux abords des parcelles (supplémentation) ne semble pas augmenter les populations. L'effet régulateur des auxiliaires en provenance des abords n'a pas été démontré. Une végétation haute et dense induit l'accumulation des adultes migrants
The eco-ethology of Empoasca vitis was studied in vineyards at different temporal (week, generation, year) and spatial (plot, production site, small region) scales. This leafhopper hibernates near the plot on evergreen plants and, in spring, migrates towards different early-budding plants before ilmmigrating into the plots (complementation). Summer population levels (sometimes harmful) depend strongly on summer migrations taking place over longer distances. The intra-plot distribution of both adults and nymphs was mapped and compared to agronomical parameters. This revealed strong aggregations in areas of high plant vigour. The presence of potential alternative host plants of E. Vitis along the plot border (supplementation) did not seem to increase population levels. No impact of natural enemies from plot borders was detected. High and dense plot borders were shown to induce accumulation of migrating adults
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8

Kusmiyati, Florentina. "Pubescence in red clover : its inheritance and its relationship to potato leafhopper resistance." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22750.

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Potato leafhopper causes considerable damage in red clover. The main objectives of this study were to clarify the inheritance of pubescence and to evaluate the relationship between pubescence and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae (Harris) resistance. Thirteen red clover clones of diverse origin, including both pubescent and non-pubescent types were used as parents. A series of crosses were made in all possible combinations among the 13 parental clones. Seedlings of F$ sb1$ progeny and stem cuttings from parents were planted in the field in the summer of 1993 in a randomized complete block design. Based on the results, the inheritance of pubescence type on red clover stems, petioles and abaxial leaf surfaces was best explained individually by two-locus models showing dominant and recessive interaction. A two locus model with recessive epistasis was proposed for pubescence on stipules and basal internodes, but there were a number of crosses that deviated from expected ratios. There was quantitative variation for trichome density on red clover and it appeared to be inherited as a quantitative trait. Based on mid-parent offspring regression, the heritability estimates of trichome density on petioles, stems, abaxial leaf surfaces, and adaxial leaf surfaces were 0.16, 0.77, 0.50 and 0.48, respectively. Pubescence was apparently associated with potato leafhopper resistance. Visual ratings of feeding injury, the numbers of leafhopper nymphs per plant and the numbers of nymphs per gram of dry plant material were higher on glabrous plants than on pubescent plants. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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9

Habibi, Javad. "Subcellular effects and localization of binding sites of Phytohemagglutinin in the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737894.

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10

Moura, Marcelo Fialho de. "Danos, sistema de tomada de decisão de controle e distribuição espacial de Empoasca kraemeri na cultura do feijoeiro." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2005. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10066.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A cigarrinha verde Empoasca kraemeri (Ross & Moore) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) é considerada a praga - chave da cultura do feijoeiro Phaseolus vulgaris no Brasil, não existindo sistema de tomada de decisão para o seu controle. Assim, os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram: avaliar os efeitos de incidência de seus adultos sobre o desenvolvimento e produtividade do feijoeiro, descrever sua variabilidade espacial, determinar a técnica amostral mais precisa e representativa, estabelecer níveis de dano econômico e planos de amostragem a comporem o sistema de tomada de decisão. O ataque de E. kraemeri ao feijoeiro reduziu a taxa de produção de matéria seca, reduziu a área foliar das plantas, aumentou o número e diminuiu o tamanho das folhas, reduziu a produção de biomassa e elevou o peso da matéria seca das folhas em relação ao peso da matéria seca total, resultando em menor produtividade (g/planta), menor número de grãos por planta e grãos mais leves. As melhores folhas para amostrar E. kraemeri por contagem direta, foram a 4a e 5a folha a partir do ápice das plantas para adultos e a 5a folha para ninfas. A batida de duas plantas em bandeja foi a técnica amostral mais precisa e representativa para se amostrar adultos e ninfas, sendo necessárias 63 amostras/talhão para amostragem convencional de adultos e 118 amostras/talhão para amostragem convencional de ninfas. Os níveis de dano econômico para adultos foram: 0,48, 0,39 e 0,35 adultos por bandeja, para produtividade esperada de 1200, 1800 e 2400 Kg/ha de feijão. Os planos de amostragem seqüencial estabelecidos apresentam 90% de probabilidade de indicar uma decisão correta, possibilitando uma economia de cerca de 57% do tempo e custo de amostragem em relação ao plano convencional. Em densidades inferiores ao nível de dano econômico, a população de E. kraemeri apresentou distribuição espacial ao acaso. Já em densidades maiores do que o nível de dano econômico, sua população apresentou distribuição agregada. A dependência espacial entre amostras foi de 4,5 m no plantio da seca, e 3,5 m no plantio de inverno e os mapas de densidade populacional mostraram que existe uma tendência da densidade populacional de E. kraemeri aumentar com o tempo de cultivo e das áreas periféricas para as áreas centrais.
The Leafhopper Empoasca kraemeri (Ross & Moore) (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) is considered one of the most damaging insect on bean crop Phaseolus vulgaris in Brazil, not existing a control decision-making system for its control. Thus, the objectives of this research was: to evaluate the effect of incidence of its adults on the development and productivity of the bean plants, to describe its spatial variability, to determine the more accurate and representative sampling technique for E. kraemeri and to establish levels of economic damage and plans of sampling to compose the control decision-making system. The attack of E. kraemeri to the bean plants reduced the production of dry matter, reduced the foliar area of the plants, increased the number and reduced the size of the leaves. Furthermore, the attack reduced the biomass production and raised the weight of the dry matter of leaves compared to the weight of the total dry matter, resulting in lesser productivity (g/plant), low number of grains in each plant and lighter grains. The best leaves to sample for direct counting of E. kraemeri are the 4th and 5th leaf starting from the apex of the plants for adults and 5th leaf for nymphs. The more accurate and representative sampling technique for adults and nymphs was the beating tray method, being necessary 63 samples/plot for conventional sampling of adults and 118 samples/plot for conventional sampling of nymphs of E. kraemeri. The levels of economic damage for adults were: 0,48, 0,39 and 0,35 adults per tray, for the productivity of 1200, 1800 and 2400 kg/ha of beans. The established plans of sequential sampling presented 90% of probability to indicate a correct decision, making possible an economy of about 57% of the time and cost of sampling in relation to the conventional plan. In lower densities than the level of economic damage, the population of E. kraemeri had randomized spatial distribution in the bean crop. However, in bigger densities than the level of economic damage, the population had aggregate spatial distribution. The spatial dependence between samples was 4,5m in the plantation of dry season, and 3,5m in the plantation of winter, and the maps of population density had shown that there is a tendency of the population density of E. kraemeri to increase with the time of cultivation and from the peripheral areas to the central areas.
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Serrano, Miguel Santiago. "Probing behaviors of Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on common bean genotypes and the use of AC electronic feeding monitors to characterize tolerance /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841333.

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12

Harbrecht, Eike, and Elke Schröter. "Erfassung des Auftretens der Grünen Rebzikade : Erfassung des Auftretens der Grünen Rebzikade (Empoasca vitis Goethe) in verschiedenen sächsischen Weinbaulagen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1233671299181-57902.

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Früher waren die Rebzikaden nur in außergewöhnlich warmen und trockenen Sommermonaten und meist an einzelnen, oft schwächeren Rebstöcken zu finden. Unter den heutigen klimatischen Bedingungen muss mit einem weitaus früheren und auch stärkeren Auftreten des Schädlings gerechnet werden. Obwohl in den Jahren 2000 bzw. 2001 ein erhöhtes Auftreten der Rebzikaden in Sachsen zu verzeichnen war, wurde für die rund 450 ha umfassende Rebfläche im Freistaat Sachsen die Grüne Rebzikade als nicht bekämpfungswürdig eingeschätzt. In den Jahren 2003 bis 2005 wurden Erhebungen zum Auftreten des Schädlings durchgeführt. Erfasst wurden das Vorkommen von Adulten, die Eiablage und der Besatz an Larven. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Weinbauregionen konnte für Sachsen nur eine Rebzikadengeneration ermittelt werden. Die Erhebungen wurden auf fünf bis sechs Standorten entlang der Sächsischen Weinstraße durchgeführt. Es kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass erst bei einem Besatz von 8 bis 10 Zikaden mit einer Blattschädigung von 15 bis 20 Prozent zu rechnen ist. In allen drei Beobachtungsjahren konnten auf den Beobachtungsflächen in Sachsen keine typischen Blattschädigungen der Zikaden festgestellt werden. Die Studie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die Grüne Rebzikade in Sachsen nach wie vor nicht bekämpft werden muss.
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Cerutti, Fabio. "Modellizzazione della dinamica delle popolazioni di Empoasca vitis Goethe (Hom., Cicadellidae) nei vigneti del cantone Ticino e influsso della flora circostante sulla presenza del parassitoide Anagrus atomus Haliday (Hym., Mymaridae) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1989. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9019.

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14

Dellinger, Theresa Ann. "Combined Roles of Glandular-haired Alfalfa and Natural Enemies in Alfalfa Pest Managment in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29140.

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Both alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), remain key pests of alfalfa in Virginia. Commercial varieties of potato leafhopper-resistant (or glandular-haired) alfalfa were released in the mid-1990s, but the impact of alfalfa weevil on these varieties has not been well documented. In 1999, two large-scale field experiments were initiated to compare the performance of a glandular-haired alfalfa variety against a standard, non-glandular-haired variety under both alfalfa weevil and potato leafhopper pest pressures in the southwestern and Piedmont regions of Virginia over a 3 year period. Results indicated that alfalfa weevil must be managed in potato leafhopper-resistant alfalfa to limit crop loss. Surprisingly, similar densities of potato leafhoppers were found in both the glandular-haired and standard varieties. Both varieties frequently had similar yields and forage quality. In general, the glandular-haired variety did not outperform the standard variety. Results also indicated that insecticide application did not always provide the expected benefits of higher yields and forage quality, despite reducing pest densities for 2-3 weeks after application. These data suggest that the economic thresholds for one or both of these pests in Virginia may require adjustment. The potential impact of glandular-haired alfalfa on the natural enemies of alfalfa weevil was examined as well. Bathyplectes anurus (Thompson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was the dominant parasitoid attacking weevil larvae at both locations. Parasitization of weevil larvae by Bathyplectes spp. did not appear to be adversely affected by the presence of glandular trichomes on the potato leafhopper-resistant variety. Glandular trichomes had little impact on the infection of weevil larvae by the fungus Zoophthora phytonomi as well, but this was not unexpected. The genetic variation of B. anurus was surveyed at both study sites using RAPD-PCR to establish or eliminate the possibility that differences in parasitization levels between the Piedmont and southwestern regions could be attributed to the presence of different parasitoid strains. Most of the detected phenotypic variation was attributed to within population variation, with very little variation occurring between the two populations. However, the between population variation was statistically significant in 2000, but not in 2001.
Ph. D.
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15

Hlavjenka, Vojtěch. "Škůdci pěnišníků (Rhododendron) - druhové spektrum a možnosti regulace." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-166543.

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Fegley, Roxanne A. "A review of the genus Empoasca (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) reported from northeast Kansas." 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22480.

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Cartin, Victor Manuel. "European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner) and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) management on snap beans in Wisconsin." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15694239.html.

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"Insecticide Efficacy Ratings for Empoasca sp. Leafhoppers and Threecornered Alfalfa Hoppers, and Comparative Insecticidal Application Effects on Big-Eyed Bugs." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/205389.

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This report summarizes data from several studies conducted along the Colorado River in recent years for control of Empoasca sp. leafhoppers, threecornered alfalfa hoppers, and western big-eyed bugs. Data were rearranged and presented in an easy to understand format for insect pests control utilizing a time sequence corresponding to sampling dates after application, a method not always readily available.
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Guerreiro, Vera Lúcia Duarte. "Monitorização e medidas de gestão de Auchenorrhyncha em pomares de prunóideas na Beira Interior: estudo de caso de Asymmetrasca decedens." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/45536.

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Tese de mestrado, Ecologia e Gestão Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2020
Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) é uma cigarrinha-verde considerada como praga em prunóideas, na região Mediterrânica, pelas lesões provocadas através da alimentação, podendo transmitir fitoplasmas. A resistência a alguns insecticidas é conhecida e a sua fenologia variável, dependendo o número de gerações anuais do clima regional. Em 2013, A. decedens foi detectada em pomares de pessegueiros da Beira Interior (Portugal), onde tem provocado danos nos últimos anos. Entre os inimigos do pessegueiro, encontra-se também Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., bactéria fitopatogénica transmitida por insectos detectada recentemente em Portugal. Procurou-se conhecer a fenologia de A. decedens em pomares de pessegueiros da Beira Interior, avaliando o efeito das condições ambientais na sua abundância e discutindo possíveis medidas de gestão e caracterizar a comunidade de Auchenorrhyncha, identificando potenciais vectores de X. fastidiosa. Entre as 33 espécies de Auchenorrhyncha identificadas, Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus), Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus) e Cercopis intermedia Kirschbaum são potenciais vectores de X. fastidiosa. Registou-se, pela primeira vez em Portugal Continental, a ocorrência de Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura), uma espécie invasora no Hawaii. As espécies dominantes e mais frequentes foram A. decedens (em maior densidade) e Empoasca solani (Curtis). Empoasca solani colonizou inicialmente os pomares, ocorrendo ao longo do período de amostragem, e atingiu o seu máximo populacional a 29 de Junho de 2018. Pouco depois, seguiu-se o aparecimento regular de A. decedens, que até 15 de Junho ocorreu pontualmente, concentrando-se 87% das capturas entre 3 de Agosto e 14 de Setembro, data em que atingiu o seu máximo populacional. A determinação das dinâmicas populacionais das cigarrinhas verdes permitiu confirmar a associação de A. decedens aos danos observados nos pessegueiros e identificar os períodos óptimos para a aplicação de insecticidas no controlo dos adultos. A presença de vectores competentes de X. fastidiosa confirma o risco de disseminação natural da bactéria nos pomares, caso se expanda para a região.
Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) is a polyphagous leafhopper, mainly distributed in Mediterranean region, where it is regarded as a pest of stone fruits, due to damage caused through feeding or its role as a vector of phytoplasma-associated diseases. In 2013, A. decedens was detected in Beira Interior (Portugal), causing damage in peach orchards. Being resistant to several pesticides, it is essential to understand A. decedens ecology and local population dynamics to develop adapted management measures. Peach trees are also susceptible hosts to Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., an emergent phytopathogenic bacterium in Europe, recently detected in Portugal, which is naturally transmitted by xylem-feeding insects. The population dynamics of A. decedens in peach orchards of Beira Interior and the influence of some environmental factors were studied as well as the remaining Auchenorrhyncha community for the identification of potential vectors of X. fastidiosa. Three potential vectors of X. fastidiosa, Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus), Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus) and Cercopis intermedia Kirschbaum were collected among 33 Auchenorrhyncha identified species. Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura), a known pest in Hawaii, was detected for the first time in mainland Portugal. Asymmetrasca decedens and Empoasca solani (Curtis) were the dominant and most frequent collected species. Empoasca solani was the first to colonize the orchards, but occurred throughout all sampling period, reaching its highest abundance on 29 June 2018. Asymmetrasca decedens started to occur regularly around 15 June, but 87% of collected individuals were captured between 3 August and 14 September, when the species reached a population peak. Analysis of green leafhoppers population dynamics confirmed the association of A. decedens to observed damage in peach trees and allowed the identification of the best periods for adult chemical control. The presence of two confirmed vectors of X. fastidiosa shows there is a real risk of natural disease spread, if the bacterium expands to the region.
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20

Silva, Telma Sofia Henriques. "Dinâmica populacional de cigarrinhas verdes da vinha em modo de produção biológico." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/47986.

Full text
Abstract:
Tese de mestrado em Biologia Humana e Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2020
As cigarrinhas verdes (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) são um grupo de insetos fitófagos associados à vinha que se encontram disseminados pelo país, nomeadamente em zonas com áreas consideráveis de vinha, como são o caso do Douro e do Alentejo. Para cada uma destas regiões existe uma espécie dominante, Empoasca vitis no Douro e Jacobiasca lybica no Alentejo. O presente estudo, realizado na Herdade do Esporão, no Alentejo visa identificar a comunidade de cigarrinhas verdes presente em duas castas, Alicante Bouschet e Antão Vaz e, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, apresentar medidas de gestão eficazes no combate às espécies identificadas. O estudo foi realizado entre o mês de julho de 2018 e abril de 2019, dividindo-se em 2 períodos. O primeiro período de 31/7 a 25/9 de setembro, e o segundo de 21/2 a 25/4. Foram identificadas 2 espécies: Jacobiasca lybica e Empoasca solani. Jacobiasca lybica surgiu exclusivamente no período de verão, apresentando o seu pico de atividade na semana de 14/8 a 21/8. Representa cerca de 98% dos exemplares recolhidos em todo o estudo, sendo a espécie dominante nos talhões estudados, principalmente nos pertencentes à casta Alicante Bouschet. Empoasca solani apenas surgiu no segundo período de amostragem, correspondente à primavera, apresentando o seu pico de atividade na semana de 21/3 a 28/3 e representando apenas 2% dos exemplares identificados. Com os resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que Jacobiasca lybica é a principal e mais preocupante cigarrinha verde a ocorrer nas vinhas estudadas na Herdade do Esporão. Assim, as medidas de gestão propostas são: a monitorização de auxiliares, fator que pode ser crucial no controlo biológico de J.lybica e a monitorização da envolvência para perceber quais são os habitats secundários desta espécie. Adicionalmente, aconselha-se o alargamento do período de amostragem que será útil para o estudo de estádios precoces de desenvolvimento e permitirá perceber quando se inicia e quando cessa a atividade das cigarrinhas verdes na vinha.
The green leafhoppers (Homoptera:Cicadellidae) are a group of phytophagous insects associated with vineyards that are widespread throughout the country, namely in regions with vast areas of vineyards, as Douro and Alentejo. For each of these regions there is one dominant species, Empoasca vitis in Douro and Jacobiasca lybica in Alentejo. The present work, performed in Herdade do Esporão in Alentejo, aims to identify the green leafhoppers community in two grape varieties, Alicante Bouschet and Antão Vaz, and, according with the results obtained, present effective management measures for the control of the identified pests. This work was performed between July 2018 and April 2019, divided in two periods. The first period between 31/7 and 25/9 and the second between 21/2 and 25/4. Two species were identified: Jacobiasca lybica and Empoasca solani. Jacobisca lybica emerged exclusively in summer, with the peak activity between 14/8 and 21/8. Represents 98% of the individuals collected during the study, being the dominant species in all the study sites, especially those belonging to Alicante Bouschet. Empoasca solani only emerged in the second period, in spring, and presented its peak activity between 21/3 and 28/3, representing only 2% of the individuals collected. With the results obtained, it is possible to ensure that Jacobiasca lybica is the main and more important green leafhopper that exists in the studied vineyards in Herdade do Esporão. Thus, the proposed management measures are: auxiliar insects monitoring, which can be a crucial factor in biological control of J.lybica, and monitoring the environment around the studied sites to understand what are the secondary habitats. Additionally, it is advisable to extend the sampling period, which will be useful for the study of early stages of development and to understand when the green leafhoppers activity starts and stops.
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