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Journal articles on the topic 'Empowerment by proxy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 13 April 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nawaf Al Homud, Nehaya. "Managerial Empowerment and Its Impact on Managerial Creativity: An Empirical Study in Greater Amman Municipality." International Journal of Business and Management 15, no. 11 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p32.

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Many organizations have collapsed due to lack of creativity and others have also made giant strides due to the creative and innovative ideas of the managers. Hence, creativity is important concept that can change the fortunes of organizations. This study has been conducted to examine the impact of the managerial empowerment on managerial creativity in Greater Amman Municipality. Managerial empowerment has been taken as independent variable. Freedom of choice, self-efficacy, and development of job has been used as the proxy dimensions of managerial empowerment. Moreover, managerial creativity h

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2

Stancliffe, R. J. "Proxy respondents and the reliability of the Quality of Life Questionnaire Empowerment factor." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 43, no. 3 (1999): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.1999.00194.x.

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Khatra, Rubab. "Economic Well-Being and Women Empowerment: A Cross Country Study." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 09, no. 11 (2024): 5177–87. https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2024.v09i11.012.

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Our study examines the association between women empowerment and economic well-being in a cross-country framework. In particular, we look at three different measures of women empowerment – participation in labor force, vulnerable employment, and seats occupied in parliament. We use per capita GDP (measured in 2015 constant USD) as a proxy for economic well-being. Analyzing a sample of 48 Asian countries for the year 2021, we find that per capita GDP is significantly positively associated with women participation in labor market ( = 0.375), and significantly negatively associated with vulnerab

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., Jyotsana. "Menstrual Hygiene: Exploring an Emerging Dimension of Women Empowerment." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 12, S1-Sep (2024): 220–24. https://doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v12is1-sep.8196.

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Millions of women across the globe experience ache, uneasiness, anxiety, and isolation every month during their menstrual periods. Girls in poor countries often use proxy material such as mud, leaves, or animal skins as sanitary products when menstruating as they have limited access to sanitary products. There is usually no adequate or sustainable infrastructure for waste disposal, washing, safe, private, and accessible toilets, and soap and water for washing clothes. Many adolescent girls miss school during their periods and educational opportunities for adolescent girls in rural areas where

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Mahwish, Sadia, Furrukh Bashir, Faisal Azeem Abbassi, and Shahbaz Ali Khan. "Empowering Women through Financial Inclusion and Governance: Evidence from 30 Developing Economies." iRASD Journal of Economics 6, no. 1 (2024): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2024.0601.0196.

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Gender equality is rooted in the capacity of individuals to independently make decisions regarding their social, political, and economic well-being. Unfortunately, women encounter diminished opportunities for engagement in these spheres, particularly evident in developing economies. UN-SDGs has placed gender equality as a 5th goal in the framework. This study aims to elucidate pathways for women empowerment by investigating the moderating influence of governance within the realm of financial inclusion. Panel data analysis has been employed for 30 developing economies for the time of 2004 to 20

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Dhar, Soma. "Women Empowerment-Economic Development Nexus: Bangladesh and Vietnam in Comparative Perspective." Journal of Governance, Security & Development 3, no. 2 (2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52823/alfb4474.

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This study aims to highlight the bidirectional relationship between women’s empowerment and economic development in Bangladesh (South Asia) and Vietnam (Southeast Asia). The study investigates the U-shaped hypothesis for both countries to figure out the impact of economic development on women’s empowerment. With an econometric approach, the research runs the regression model by the Pooled Regression, Fixed Effect, and Random Effect models with Panel data from (1991-2019) to estimate the impact of women’s empowerment on economic development. Female labor force participation rate and Real GDP pe

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Strydom, Kariena, Joseph Olorunfemi Akande, and Abiola John Asaleye. "The Quest for Female Economic Empowerment in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Implications on Gender-Based Violence." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 2 (2024): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17020051.

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Recent empirical literature has focused on the social aspect of gender-based violence regarding domestic violence and physical abuse while the implications of economic empowerment in an attempt to reduce gender-based violence remain under-researched. This study investigated the connection between female economic empowerment and factors that could reduce gender-based violence in sub-Saharan African countries. We used the panel fully modified least squares estimation method to investigate the long-run implications. The gender inequality index, the female genital mutilation prevalence, and the nu

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Tehmeena Iqbal, Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda, and Shujaat Farooq. "Unconditional Cash Transfers and Women Empowerment: The Case of Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) in Pakistan." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no. 2 (2020): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i2.1098.

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This study has explored the welfare impact of Benazir Income Support Program’s (BISP) unconditional cash transfers on women empowerment. The program was initiated in 2011 by the government of Pakistan. The impact has been computed by using two follow up rounds i.e, 2011 & 2016 where baseline was carried out in 2011 and follow-up round was carried out in 2016. Regression Discontinuity Design approach was used to measure casual effects of the BISP cash transfers on women empowerment by selecting target and control groups based on proxy means test. The overtime impact have been estimated by e

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McFarlane, Thomas, Noor Rehman, Katie Wang, Jenny Lee, and Caitlin Carter. "Cutaneous toxicities of new targeted cancer therapies: must know for diagnosis, management, and patient-proxy empowerment." Annals of Palliative Medicine 9, no. 3 (2020): 1296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/apm.2019.08.05.

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10

Sulisto, Detris, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Syafri Syafri, Samuel Fery Purba, and Kezia Br Aritonang. "Does Women’s Role Have an Influence on Economy Growth in Indonesia?" Economics Development Analysis Journal 12, no. 3 (2023): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v12i3.67081.

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Economic growth is one of the goals that every country strives for because it is a measurement of a country's success. Gender equality and gender empowerment are important goals for Indonesia's development and economic growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of women’s role on the indicators of the gender development index, gender empowerment index, women's life expectancy, mean years of schooling for women, and women's income contribution to gross regional domestic product (GRDP), which is a proxy for Indonesian economic growth. This quantitative study uses a panel data reg

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11

Dempere, Juan, and Shahira Abdalla. "The Impact of Women’s Empowerment on the Corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (2023): 8173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108173.

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This research article examines the relationship between women’s empowerment and corporate ESG disclosure variables by analyzing 10,121 publicly traded companies listed worldwide with historical ESG data available in Bloomberg from 2016 to 2020. The paper seeks to answer whether corporate gender diversity directly affects companies’ ESG disclosure by using proprietary Bloomberg ESG disclosure scores and independent variables such as the female board and executive representation. Control variables, like the company’s return on equity, total debt ratio, and the natural logarithm of total assets a

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Aktaria, Erma, and Budiono Sri Handoko. "KETIMPANGAN GENDER DALAM PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 13, no. 2 (2012): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v13i2.168.

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The objective of this research is to analyze the gender inequality in 14 districts/ cities in Central Kalimantan Province by using the Gender Inequality Index (GII), which introduced by UNDP, to analyze the effect of gender inequality with economic growth and compare the use of the GII with the Gender Development Index and Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) in relation to economic growth. This research uses panel data from 14 districts/cities during 2004-2007, the analytical methods used were descriptive statistics in analyzing gender inequality and statistical inference to explain the influence

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Putri Atinna, Meivianti, Indri Arrafi Juliannisa, Sugianto Sugianto, Jubaedah Jubaedah, Jubaedah Jubaedah, and Praptiningsih Praptiningsih. "Analysis of the Factors of Women's Empowerment of MSME actors on Per Capita Income in Indonesia." International Conference on Social Science & Technology 2, no. 1 (2024): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.46799/incosst.v2i1.21.

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Women's empowerment remains a challenge in optimizing human resources, particularly women, in productive activities that can enhance income and overall welfare. Limited women's involvement in economic, political, and labor sectors across most provinces in Indonesia highlights the urgency of this issue. This study aims to analyze the influence of women's empowerment factors—specifically the Gender Development Index (GDI/IPG), Gender Empowerment Index (GEI/IDG), Female Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK Female), and Women's Wages—on per capita income as a proxy for economic growth in Indonesia

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Joo, Baek-Kyoo (Brian), Gil Bozer, and Kathryn J. Ready. "A dimensional analysis of psychological empowerment on engagement." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 6, no. 3 (2019): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-09-2018-0069.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of learning organization culture (LOC), learning goal orientation (LGO) and psychological empowerment (PsyEmp) on employee engagement, focusing on the mediating role of each dimension of PsyEmp (meaning, competence, self-determination and impact). Design/methodology/approach Individual perceptions of 329 employees in 9 South Korean for-profit companies were obtained by a cross-sectional survey. Construct validity of each measurement model was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and the hypothesized structural model was tested

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15

Shah, Ajit. "Association of Suicide Rates for Elderly Age Bands with Gender Equality." Psychological Reports 102, no. 3 (2008): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.3.887-892.

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A lower sex ratio (male to female) of elderly suicide rates in several Asian countries have been attributed to gender inequality on several parameters. The association of two proxy measures of gender equality (value of the gender empowerment measure and the gender-related development index) and the male to female sex ratio of suicide rates in the age bands 65–74 yr. and 75+ yr. was examined using multiple linear regression. The two proxy measures of gender equality did not account for significant variance in the male to female sex ratio of suicide rates in the age bands 65–74 yr. and 75+ yr. A

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16

Fozia. "Iran-Saudi Relations: From Rivalry to Nowhere." Global Social Sciences Review 3, no. 4 (2018): 49–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4331468.

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Iran and Saudi Arabia are the two main powers of the Middle East. Since Islamic revolution (1979) the competition for power, security and regional dominance has resulted in proxy wars in the region, especially, Bahrain, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria and Yemen. Saudi and Iranian rivalry revolves around some key issues such as; their contradictory ideologies (Sunni vs Shiite) PanArab issues like Palestine issue, Saudi inclination towards West, their contradictory policies about energy and desire to become dominant power of entire region. Iran's wants regional hegemony, rolling back US influence in th

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17

Fozia and Abid Ali Lubna. "Iran-Saudi Relations: From Rivalry to Nowhere." GLOBAL SOCIAL SCIENCES REVIEW (GSSR) III, no. IV (2018): 49–67. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).04.

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Iran and Saudi Arabia are the two main powers of the Middle East. Since Islamic revolution (1979) the competition for power, security and regional dominance has resulted in proxy wars in the region, especially, Bahrain, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria and Yemen. Saudi and Iranian rivalry revolves around some key issues such as; their contradictory ideologies (Sunni vs Shiite) PanArab issues like Palestine issue, Saudi inclination towards West, their contradictory policies about energy and desire to become dominant power of entire region. Iran's wants regional hegemony, rolling back US influence in th

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18

Atinna, Meivianti Putri, and Indri Arrafi Juliannisa. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PERKAPITA DI INDONESIA." Journal of Development Economic and Digitalization 3, no. 2 (2024): 68–80. https://doi.org/10.59664/jded.v3i2.8740.

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Pemberdayaan perempuan merupakan hal yang menjadi tantangan dalam mengoptimalkan sumber daya manusia khususnya perempuan dalam kegiatan produktif yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan, yakni dengan meningkatkan keterlibatan perempuan dalam kehidupan ekonomi, politik dan ketenagakerjaan. Hal ini karena pemberdayaan perempuan di Indonesia masih sangatlah terbatas di sebagian besar provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh faktor-faktor pemberdayaan perempuan terhadap pendapatan perkapita di Indonesia, yakni sebagai proksi pertumbuhan ekono

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19

Singh, Harman, Ajay Singh, Fakhre Alam, and Vikas Agrawal. "Impact of Sustainable Development Goals on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia: Role of Education and Training." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 14119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114119.

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Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are intended to be attained as a balanced whole. However, significant interactions (the synergies and trade-offs) between the SDGs have caused the need, especially in developing economies, to identify and pursue them in line with their particular developmental needs. The research intends to empirically investigate the relationship between selected UN SDGs and GDP growth rate as a proxy for economic well-being in Saudi Arabia. We also investigate the role of education and training in achieving SDGs in accordance with the Saudi Vision 2030, which places empha

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20

Nath, Mithun. "Challenges for Elected Women Representatives (EWRs) in Panchayati Raj Institutions: A Study of Hailakandi District." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 10, no. 6 (2025): 185–92. https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2025.v10.n6.019.

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The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 opened doors for women’s political participation in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) through reserved seats. However, this study of Hailakandi District highlights that elected women representatives (EWRs) continue to face significant challenges like proxy leadership, societal barriers, capacity gaps, and financial dependence. Findings show that 81% of EWRs do not make decisions independently, with husbands or male relatives exerting control. Social barriers such as patriarchal norms, mobility restrictions, and gender inequality hinder women’s eff

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Muhammad Arif Prastyadi, I Wayan Suparta, and Asih Murwiati. "Measuring the Ability of Poverty Alleviation Programs in Reducing Rural Poverty Levels in Eastern Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 22, no. 02 (2024): 116–31. https://doi.org/10.22219/jep.v22i02.34265.

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Poverty is still a problem in many developing countries, including Indonesia, especially in eastern Indonesia, such as East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, West Papua, and Papua. Based on Statistic Indonesia data, the poverty rate in the east of Indonesia shows a downward trend but is still well above the national average. This raises questions about the achievements of poverty alleviation programs. To overcome this problem, the government has created several programs to alleviate poverty. These programs include increasing social assistance, improving access to essential services, empowering communitie

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Tzafrir, Shay S., Yehuda Baruch, and Shimon L. Dolan. "The consequences of emerging HRM practices for employees' trust in their managers." Personnel Review 33, no. 6 (2004): 628–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483480410561529.

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This study examines the consequences of emerging human resource management (HRM) practices for employees' trust in their managers from a combination of the theory of exchange and a resource‐base perspective. Using a national sample of 230 respondents, the research reported here portrays the paths which link the consequences of emerging HRM practices to employees' trust in their managers. In this framework, HRM consequences represent a proxy in which managers' actions, behaviours, and procedures affect employees' trust in their managers. The results indicate a significant and positive influence

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Fozia and Lubna Abid Ali. "Iran-Saudi Relations: From Rivalry to Nowhere." Global Social Sciences Review III, no. IV (2018): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(iii-iv).04.

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Iran and Saudi Arabia are the two main powers of the Middle East. Since Islamic revolution (1979) the competition for power, security and regional dominance has resulted in proxy wars in the region, especially, Bahrain, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria and Yemen. Saudi and Iranian rivalry revolves around some key issues such as; their contradictory ideologies (Sunni vs Shiite) PanArab issues like Palestine issue, Saudi inclination towards West, their contradictory policies about energy and desire to become dominant power of entire region. Iran's wants regional hegemony, rolling back US influence in the Mi

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Way Ang, Chiew, and Siow Li Lai. "http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/regular-issue?article=JSSH-8608-2022." Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 31, no. 2 (2023): 885–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.2.22.

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Ensuring gender equality and empowering women is crucial, as they play a significant role in driving economic and societal development. This study examines women’s empowerment levels in Malaysia and Indonesia, two neighbouring countries with a predominantly Muslim population. Data were obtained from the Fifth Malaysian Population and Family Survey 2014 and the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017. A total of 5,175 Malaysian and 34,467 Indonesian married women aged 15–49 were selected for this study. The variables used include women’s autonomy in household decision-making (a proxy for w

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Chaudry, Aisha, Parisah Maham Hussain, Simran Halari, et al. "What Is the Impact of Leaders with Emotional Intelligence on Proxy Performance Metrics in 21st Century Healthcare?—A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 11 (2024): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111531.

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Emotional intelligence (EQ) in healthcare leadership has been a subject of debate regarding its significance in enhancing job performance and patient-centred care. This systematic review investigates the impact of EQ on organisational performance metrics in healthcare leaders. Eleven studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified through a comprehensive database search. The findings suggest that EQ positively influences job satisfaction, with emotionally intelligent leaders fostering a positive work environment and commitment among employees. Moreover, EQ correlates negatively with emo

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MCINTYRE, DI, MICHAEL THIEDE, and STEPHEN BIRCH. "Access as a policy-relevant concept in low- and middle-income countries." Health Economics, Policy and Law 4, no. 2 (2009): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133109004836.

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Abstract:Although access to health care is frequently identified as a goal for health care policy, the precise meaning of access to health care often remains unclear. We present a conceptual framework that defines access to health care as theempowermentof an individual to use health care and as a multidimensional concept based on the interaction (or degree of fit) between health care systems and individuals, households, and communities. Three dimensions of access are identified: availability, affordability, and acceptability, through which access can be evaluated directly instead of focusing o

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Dorjee, Binu, Pallabi Saha, and Jaydip Sen. "Hierarchy of Associations Between BMI-for-Agez-Scores, Growth and Family Social Status Among Urban Bengali Girls of Siliguri Town, West Bengal: A St. Nicolas House Analysis." Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India 70, no. 2 (2021): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277436x211043631.

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The present study assesses the association of different socio-economic variables with children’s BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) and influence of children’s height on BAZ, a proxy index of nutritional status. The study was undertaken among 322 girls belonging to the Bengali Hindu Caste Population (BHCP) aged 5–13 years. These girls were the students of two schools located in Siliguri town of West Bengal, India. The prevalence of short stature, underweight and overweight was assessed using the World Health Organization’s ( WHO, 2007 , Growth Reference Data for 5–19 years) references. The statistical

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Akgungor, Sedef, Kamiar Alaei, Weng-Fong Chao, Alexandra Harrington, and Arash Alaei. "Correlation between human rights promotion and health protection: a cross country analysis." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 13, no. 1 (2019): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-07-2018-0050.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the correlation among health outcomes, and civil and political rights (CPR) and also economic, social and cultural rights. Design/methodology/approach The study uses cross-sectional data from 161 countries. The authors use health outcomes and human rights variables in the model. In order to combine dimensions of human rights, this paper uses factor analysis and obtains proxy variables that measure economic, social and cultural rights and CPR. The two proxy variables are used as independent variables to explain variations in health in a regression

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Sathar, Zeba Ayesha, and Shahnaz Kazi. "Women’s Autonomy in the Context of Rural Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 39, no. 2 (2000): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i2pp.89-110.

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The paper explores the elements that constitute women’s autonomy in rural Pakistan. Hitherto most research on women’s status in Pakistan has either been restricted to proxy measures of women’s status generally or to the urban areas. Community or region, each of which has distinctive features, have an overriding influence on this subject. Northern Punjabi women have lower economic autonomy but greater mobility and decision-making authority than women in Southern Punjab. Gender systems at the village level are also important predictors of women’s autonomy. Economic class has a weak and ambivalen

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Lal, Sumeet, Rup Singh, Keshmeer Makun, Nilesh Chand, and Mohsin Khan. "Socio-economic and demographic determinants of fertility in six selected Pacific Island Countries: An empirical study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0257570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257570.

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In this study, we seek to perform macro analysis of fertility in a panel of 6 selected Pacific Island Countries (PICs, hereafter). The macro analysis with secondary data, mostly obtained from World Bank database, stretched over the period 1990–2019 was stacked randomly in a balanced panel set-up, within which the most preferred fixed effect model is used for multivariate analysis. Pooled OLS and Random effect estimation techniques were applied for comparing results. Categories such as women’s empowerment, health, connectivity and cost of living were used to classify proxy variables as regresso

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Wittkowski, Kristina, Jan F. Klein, Tomas Falk, Jeroen J. L. Schepers, Jaakko Aspara, and Kai N. Bergner. "What Gets Measured Gets Done: Can Self-Tracking Technologies Enhance Advice Compliance?" Journal of Service Research 23, no. 3 (2020): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670520904424.

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Self-tracking technologies (STTs) in the form of smart devices and mobile applications enable consumers to monitor, analyze, and interpret personal performance data on health and physical or financial well-being. As a result of self-tracking, consumers are not only expected to check their personal performance more actively but also to implement service professionals’ advice to improve their well-being more accurately. Despite the growing popularity of STTs, empirical evidence on the extent to which STT use enhances advice compliance remains scant. A field experiment with 538 participants in a

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Megbowon, Ebenezer Toyin, and Abbyssinia Mushunje. "Assessment of food security among households in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 1 (2018): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2016-0187.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze food security status and its determinants among households in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on the General Household Survey which was conducted in 2014 where 3,033 households were sampled from the province. Specifically, this study examines the determinants of food security proxy by dietary diversity (24-hour recall) using descriptive statistics, Poisson regression. A frequency count of food groups consumed household dietary diversity score was used as the explained variable. Findings

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Goldsmith, Steven. "William Blake and the Future of Enthusiasm." Nineteenth-Century Literature 63, no. 4 (2009): 439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2009.63.4.439.

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In Blake we observe the transition from a theological concept of enthusiasm to a practice of literary-critical engagement as enthusiasm. Although this transition is often eclipsed by the current historicist tendency to locate Blake in the 1790s, with roots even earlier, Blake's enthusiasm performs a work that progressive critics will ask of emotion for the next two hundred years: to supply immediate, experiential evidence of a transformative agency whose effects cannot otherwise be measured. Historicist interest in attaching Blake to premodern affects is bound up with a modern desire to mobili

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Pavlovic, Zoran. "Lifecycle, generational, and period effects on emancipative values in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 60, no. 2 (2022): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv2202029p.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the lifecycle, generation?al, and period effects on emancipative value preferences in Serbia. The data used in the analysis was collected in the World Values Survey (WVS), conducted in Serbia in 1996 (N = 1,280), 2006 (N = 1,220), and 2017 (N = 1,046), respectively. As a proxy measure of the respondents? life?cycle stage, the recoded age variable (young/middle-aged/ elderly) was used. Based on the age period during which a person spent their formative years (15-24 years of age), a sixfold typology of political generation membership was constructed. The year

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Gudeta, Tolesa Gemeda, Ayana Benti Terefe, Girma Teferi Mengistu, and Seboka Abebe Sori. "Determinants of Dietary Diversity Practice among Pregnant Women in the Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8086793.

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Background. Dietary diversification is considered the proxy indicator of dietary quality and nutrient adequacy during pregnancy. Pregnant women have been considered susceptible to malnutrition because of their increased nutrient demands and thus consuming a variety of foods in their diet plays a lion’s role in ensuring adequate nutrient intake. So understanding bottleneck factors associated with dietary diversity practice is very crucial to encouraging adequate dietary diversity practice. Therefore, this paper aimed to assess determinants of dietary diversity practice among pregnant women in t

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Shafique, Imran, Bashir Ahmad, and Masood Nawaz Kalyar. "How ethical leadership influences creativity and organizational innovation." European Journal of Innovation Management 23, no. 1 (2019): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2018-0269.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer two questions. What is the impact of ethical leadership on followers’ creativity and organizational innovation? What are the mechanisms through which ethical leadership influences creativity and organizational innovation? Design/methodology/approach Considering a market-oriented criterion to measure organizational innovation, the data were collected from 322 small-sized information technology firms working in Pakistan. Multilevel modeling and hierarchical regression analyses were used to explore the direct and indirect effects of ethical leadershi

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Sinha, Sweta, Shubham Mohan Sharma, Mudit Sharma, and Vishal Bankawar. "Prevalence of contraceptive practices and its associated factors among women in an urban slum area of North India: An observational study." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 10, no. 3 (2023): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2023.067.

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: Contraceptive prevalence rate serves as a proxy measure of access to reproductive health services. It is an indicator of health, population, development and women’s empowerment. : To determine the prevalence and pattern of contraceptive usage and also the factors affecting among the married women of reproductive age in an urban field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, JNU Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur; Rajasthan.: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban field practice area of JNU medical college, Rajasthan among women aged 15-49 years with c

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Ahmed, Asrar, Dr Meena Dr. Meena, and Safira Kabir. "A Case Study of Rural Women’s Political Empowerment through Panchayati Raj Institutions." International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 9, no. 2 (2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.9.2.1.

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This Research paper has attempted to investigate the efficacy of women's involvement in the process of their political empowerment. The involvement of women in Panchayati Raj institutions is a specific focus of the research paper. The Rajouri district of UT of Jammu and Kashmir is where the study was carried out. The purpose of the Panchayati Raj System was to formally include rural residents from all demographic groups in local government. The Panchayati Raj's designers intended for women to be involved in their own growth as well as men. Although it is a drawn-out and challenging process, th

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Stites, Shana, Jason Flatt, and Carol Derby. "Intersections of Gender and Cognition in Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2440.

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Abstract The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is committed to supporting rigorous science that advances what is understood about the influences of sex and gender in health and disease in order to inform the development of prevention strategies and treatment interventions. In research on aging and Alzheimer’s disease, sex/gender disparities in key outcomes are common. But, much of this research hinges on asking a single question: Is the patient or research participant male or female, man or woman? This practice offers few options for disambiguating sociocultural effects associated with gende

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Krishnarao, Jumale Shital, and Bharat B. Chavan. "IJCM_14A: Contraceptive use and its determinents among women in field practice area of rural health and training center of tertiary care hospital -a Cross-Sectional study." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 49, Suppl 1 (2024): S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_abstract14.

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Background: In reproductive health services contraceptive prevalence rate serves as a proxy measure and is an indicator of health, population, development, and women’s empowerment which is essential for meeting many of Sustainable Development Goals, especially child mortality and maternal related goals. There is increase the use of contraceptive methods in rural area which is influenced by various factors. Objectives: 1) To estimate the prevalence of use of contraception among reproductive age women in rural area 2) To examine the determinants of contraceptive used of reproductive age women. M

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Deshmukh, Riti, Sabina Bano, and Sakshi. "Determinants of decision-making among ever-married women in Indian households: A cross-sectional study based on binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression." PLOS ONE 20, no. 2 (2025): e0316805. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316805.

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Empowerment of women is intrinsically linked to their participation in household decision-making, a crucial component for achieving gender equality and improving family well-being. Women’s decision-making is frequently cited as a proxy for empowerment and recognized as goal 5 of sustainable development goals. It remains a significant challenge in Indian households to achieve gender parity and poor concentration has been given in the studies of the Indian context. This study evaluates the types of decision-making among ever-married women in Indian households by investigating the socio-demograph

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Ayangba, Valentine, Vincent Adocta Awuuh, Emmanuel Adombor, et al. "Evidences of Widespread Hunger in Gbeo Community, North East Region, Ghana; the Determinants of Malnutrition and Susceptibility to Extreme Hunger." South Asian Research Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 04 (2023): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjms.2023.v05i04.004.

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Background: The global community aspires towards zero hunger and minimized prevalence of various metrics of malnutrition by 2030 and beyond. Despite mainstream routine nutrition/food surveillance interventions carried out by provincial, national and civil society bodies, the markers of global hunger are rife. This study sought to investigate with the aid of household food insecurity experience scale (HFIES) and nutrition indices, the evidence of hunger, child malnutrition and other forms of extreme household deprivation in Gbeo; a rural hard-to-reach community in the Mamprugu East Municipality

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Allieu, Badara Kabia, Bob Karankay Conteh Dr., Baimba Sesay John, and Koroma Robert. "Innovation as a Multiplier to China's Economic Development." International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research 5, no. 5 (2016): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464781.

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An age long ago for about 5 decades to date, China’s long-term economic growth outlook has placed this giant indisputably on the global economic platform as one of the fastest geometrically growing emerging markets and the second largest economy in the world to that of USA and has gone through several sound policy reforms for addressing the needs of self sufficiency for better standard of living, sustainable human livelihood and socio-economic expansion for effective, efficient and secured global competitiveness. This has placed China in the centre stage as one of the giant in the world

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Wong, Rosa S., Keith TS Tung, Hiu Tung Wong, et al. "A Mobile Game (Safe City) Designed to Promote Children’s Safety Knowledge and Behaviors: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 6 (2020): e17756. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17756.

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Background Children have high levels of curiosity and eagerness to explore. This makes them more vulnerable to danger and hazards, and they thus have a higher risk of injury. Safety education such as teaching safety rules and tips is vital to prevent children from injuries. Although game-based approaches have the potential to capture children’s attention and sustain their interest in learning, whether these new instructional approaches are more effective than traditional approaches in delivering safety messages to children remains uncertain. Objective The aim of this study is to test the effec

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Researcher. "HANGING ON FIRE! DEBATES ON WOMEN'S RESERVATION IN INDIAN POLITICS: A CINEMATIC CONTEMPLATION." International Journal of Social Sciences Research and Development (IJSSRD) 6, no. 1 (2024): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14257296.

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Gender discrimination is one of the essential causes to relegate the position of women in the political arena of India. It is a ground for denying rights and is not an argument posited in opposition to the notion of universal rights of women. In the political sphere, there is no equality for women either. Throughout India, except for voters, women’s participation as contestants, elected representatives, members of the Government, and so on was negligible. Regional and sectional patterns in political participation manifest themselves with familiar correlations. The nature of problems is v

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As'ad, Mohamad, Nasrul Firdaus, and Ali Syaifullah. "SETTING JARINGAN MIKROTIK DAN PEMBUATAN CHANNEL YOUTUBE UNTUK MASJID JAMI’ MANARUL HUDA SUMBERSARI KOTA MALANG." Jurnal Terapan Abdimas 6, no. 1 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/jta.v6i1.6045.

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<p><strong><em>Abstract.</em></strong> <em>Information technology is one of the tools in various fields, including in the field of Islamic da'wah. Islamic da'wah with information technology in the form of live streaming recitation to youtube (online da'wah) is viral now. This online da'wah was the wish of Takmir and the congregation of Masjid Jami' Manarul Huda. Setting up the internet network with Mikrotik and making channels on youtube at the Masjid Jami' Manarul Huda was community empowerment, namely the application of science and technology to the commun

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Galiwango, H., RF Miiro, N. Turyahabwe, and A. Egeru. "Does the climate-smart village extension model enhance farmer empowerment?" Outlook on Agriculture, July 21, 2022, 003072702211136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00307270221113600.

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Climate smart villages (CSVs) are new and promising approaches to tackle the negative repercussions of climate change and to tackle the food insecurity that affects close to one billion people globally. CSVs are envisaged to result into empowerment of participating farmers; however, given the novelty of this concept in different geographical spheres, limited literature exists. This review paper therefore conducted a systematic analysis of some previous studies around this concept and assessed their contribution to understanding empowerment of farmers regarding intrinsic, instrumental, and coll

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Khandekar, Sujata, Vinaya Ghewde, Anita Kamble, et al. "Feminist cooperative inquiry: Grassroots women define and deepen empowerment through dialogue." Action Research, September 26, 2020, 147675032096080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750320960807.

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This paper is an account of feminist research influenced by Cooperative Inquiry (CI) described as Feminist Cooperative Inquiry. A team of grassroots women leaders-turned-co-researchers, from different marginalised social locations (on gender, caste, class, education, livelihood axes) in India, developed this methodology to collectively analyse their own empowering journeys to make meanings of empowerment. The diversity of co-researchers in this research led to making additions or deviations in the CI protocol. By bringing in nonliterate or low-literate women from marginalised groups as coresea

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Pattyn, Eva, Prof Dr Paul Gemmel, Dr Ruben Willems, Dr Susan Lagaert, and Prof Dr Jeroen Trybou. "Factors influencing the experience of empowerment in Flemish (proxy) budget holders: a regression analysis." Health Policy, March 2025, 105295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105295.

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Quisumbing, Agnes R. "From Bargaining Power to Empowerment: Measuring the Unmeasurable." Agricultural Economics, April 16, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.70022.

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ABSTRACTMeasuring power is central to empirical work on intrahousehold and gender relations. This paper reviews how progress in the measurement of power within households has facilitated our understanding of household decision‐making and creates new opportunities for programs and policy. Early efforts to test household models focused on measuring spousal bargaining power, usually in models featuring two decision‐makers within the household. Proxy measures for bargaining power included age, education, assets, and “outside options” that could affect spouses’ threat points within marriage. Eviden

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