Relevant bibliographies by topics / Empty fruit bunch fibers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Empty fruit bunch fibers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Empty fruit bunch fibers"

1

Sadikin, Aziatul Niza, N. Othman, and Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi. "Effect of Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Fiber on Mechanical Properties of Chitosan-Filled Filter Media." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.210.

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The newly developed non-woven filter media are composed of randomly oriented fibrous fibers from empty fruit bunch fibers. The wet lay-up method was adopted for filter media fabrication. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pre-treatment of lignocellulosic fibers on the mechanical properties of fibrous filter media. The study also aims to examine the effect of chitosan application as binder on the tensile strength of fibrous filter media from treated and untreated fibers. The fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide solution, diethyl ether, ethanol and hot water. The pre-treatment enhance the fibrous filter media properties, while filter media from untreated empty fruit bunch fibers showed lower mechanical properties. The changes in mechanical properties followed the order: alkali-treated > diethyl ether > ethanol > hot water > untreated empty fruit bunch fibers.
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ATMAKURI, Ayyappa, Arvydas PALEVICIUS, Madhusudan SIDDABATHULA, and Giedrius JANUŠAS. "Failure Studies on Adhesive Bonded and Bolted Joints of Natural Fiber Composites." Mechanics 27, no. 5 (2021): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.28108.

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Composites with natural fibers as reinforcements are playing a vital role in recent developments. The present work deals with the fabrication of okra and empty fruit bunch banana fiber polyester matrix composites with varying reinforcement content (5%, 10%, and 15%). Composites were fabricated by using the hand layup technique. After the fabrication process, composites were then adhesively bonded and also joined with bolts. The main objective of this work is to analyse the failure studies on adhesive bonded and bolted joints of okra and empty fruit bunch banana composite specimens. The specimens were tested under tensile load, flexural creep studies, and SEM analysis. It has been observed that empty fruit bunch banana fiber composites exhibited better joint strength properties under tensile loading when compared to the okra fiber composites. To estimate the flexural creep behaviour, all the samples were tested at a constant load of 2.5kg and 5kg. The deflections obtained during regular time intervals (four months) were noted. The presence of internal defects and void content was observed by using the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that adhesive-bonded composites were exhibited less deflection compared to the bolted joints. The empty fruit banana fiber composites exhibited higher creep than okra fiber composites. Decreased creep with the increased fiber has been observed in both cases. SEM Adhesively bonded joints possessing better sustainability as compared to the bolted joints in both the fiber-reinforced composites.
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Martínez-Ramírez, Andrea P., Sergio A. Rincón-Ortiz, Víctor G. Baldovino-Medrano, Cristian Blanco-Tirado, and Marianny Y. Combariza. "Influence of reaction variables on the surface chemistry of cellulose nanofibers derived from palm oil empty fruit bunches." RSC Advances 13, no. 51 (2023): 36117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06933h.

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Nanocellulose from palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers shows varied surface chemistry influenced by reaction time and primary oxidizing agent. EFB fibers are a valuable raw source to produce sustainable and functional materials.
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Che Lah, Nuramirah, and Noor Mazni Ismail. "Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers as Reinforcement in Polypropylene." Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 2 (March 26, 2019): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v2i1.1804.

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In this work, EFB fibers / Polypropylene matrix were prepared using hot pressing tool at 3 different ratio (5%, 10%, and 15% EFB/PP). Tensile test and impact test were done according to ASTM standard, ASTM D638 and ASTM D256, respectively. The results from tensile test and impact test showed that the prepared specimens of EFB/PP composite have slightly higher elastic modulus (1.95 GPa - 2.1 GPa) compared to pure PP (1.91 GPa) but at the same time they are lack of ductility and have low impact strength, at a range of 4.6 kJ/m2 to 5.5 kJ/m2 compared to pure polypropylene with impact strength value of 18.18 kJ/m2. From the fractured surface analysis, the initial micro cracks were seen mostly occurred at the interface of the EFB/PP and air voids which act as a crack propagation site.
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Bakri, B., Naharuddin, Mustafa, A. Medi, and L. Padang. "A review of oil palm fruit fiber reinforced composites." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1212, no. 1 (2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1212/1/012050.

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Abstract Oil palm fibers have been developed as reinforcement in the composite. These fibers can be produced from fruit, trunk, and frond of oil palm. In this review, the oil palm fruit fiber for reinforcing composite was focused. Oil palm fruit fibers consist of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and mesocarp fruit (MF) fibers. The chemical composition and characteristics of oil palm fruit fiber are described. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the composite are reported to be related to the surface treatment of EFB and MF fibers. Applications of such fiber composite are included in this review. From some researches, the surface treatment methods for MF and EFB fibers as reinforcement composite was conducted with using alkali, silane, acryilic acid, acetic anhydride, hydogen peroxide, microwave, and superheated steam. The effect of these surface treatments on oil palm EFB and MF fibers displayed the improvement of the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strengths) of the composite due to enhance the interface adhesion between fiber and matrix after treatment of fibers.
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Cherifi, Ferdous, Mebarka Bouziane, Fatma Zohra Hassani, Abdelouahed Kriker, and Abdelhalim Zoukel. "Chemical compositions and characterization of date palm empty fruit bunch fibers of five cultivars growing in Southeast Algeria." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 11 (2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2611rjce056062.

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Date palm tree can produce annually large quantity of natural fibers; these by-products could be used with or without chemical treatment as sustainable bioresource in industrial applications to resolve different socio-economic and environmental issues. In this study, the chemical compositions and characteristics of Date Palm trees Empty Fruit Bunch fibers (DPEFB) of five cultivars were investigated. These by-products were obtained from the region of Ouargla, Southeast Algeria. Effectively, it was revealed that empty fruit bunch of Degla Baidha cultivar has the highest cellulose content with 49.28% compared to the other cultivars; the highest crystallinity index (36.25%) was detected in the samples of Deglet Nour cultivar. On the other hand, the surface morphology and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were investigated.
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Witayakran, Suteera, Wuttinant Kongtud, Jirachaya Boonyarit, Wirasak Smitthipong, and Rungsima Chollakup. "Development of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Bumper Beam in Automobile." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.779.

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This research aims to use oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers to reinforce epoxy resin for bumper beam in cars to replace epoxy/glass fiber composite. EFB fibers were extracted by two methods; chemical method by treating with 10-30% sodium hydroxide (% by weight of fiber) and mechanical method by steam explosion process at 12-20 kgf/cm2 for 5 mins. Then, the obtained fibers were bleached by hydrogen peroxide. The results show that the chemical method can eliminate lignin better than the other and provided stronger fibers. Increasing of alkaline concentration yielded the decrease of lignin content and increase of cellulose content, while no significant difference on fiber size and strength was observed. In steam explosion method, increasing of pressure vapor affected to more dark brown color and disintegrated fibers. Therefore, the optimal method for preparing EFB fibers for reinforcement of epoxy composite was chemical treatment using 30%NaOH, followed by bleaching. Then, the EFB fibers extracted by chemical method at 30%NaOH were used for reinforcing epoxy composite with fiber contents of 0-10%w/w and compared to epoxy/glass fiber composite. The results show that flexural modulus did not increase with increasing fiber content. However, the chemical treated fibers can support composite from falling apart after testing like glass fiber reinforced composite with fiber contents upper than 7.5%w/w. Impact strength and storage modulus of alkaline treated palm fiber reinforced composites increased when fiber content more than 7.5%w/w. Thermal properties of composite, analyzed by DSC and DMTA, shows that the Tg increased with fiber content. Flexural modulus and thermal properties of EFB reinforced epoxy composites provided similar results to glass fiber reinforced composites. Therefore, EFB fiber reinforced epoxy composite could be an alternative green material for bumper beam in automobile.
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Shakir, Mohammad Aliff, Mohd Firdaus Yhaya, and Mardiana Idayu Ahmad. "Physical Effects of Pre-Hydrolysis and Alkali Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 8, no. 6 (2017): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2017.8.6.689.

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Mofor, Wannyuy Kingsly, Yakum Reneta Nafu, Tchemou Gilbert, Ngonge Viyof Wilfred, and Foba Josepha Tendo. "Thermal Performance Of Termite Mold Bricks Reinforced With Empty Fruit Bunch Spikelet And Coconut Fibers." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 21, no. 5 (2024): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-2105021229.

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The use of natural fibers to enhance the thermal properties of earth bricks has become increasingly popular. This study investigates the thermal performance of termite mold soil (TMS) reinforced with two types of fibers: coconut fibers (CF) and empty fruit bunch spikelet fibers (EFBSF). Various fiber compositions (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) were combined with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatments at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. Laboratory results reveal that TMS exhibits promising physical properties, including a moisture content of 23.64%, a maximum dry density of 1.63 g/cm³, and a plasticity index of 20%, indicating its structural stability and suitability for earth block production. The study also analyzes the chemical properties of EFBSF and CF fibers, noting that CF has a higher holocellulose content (88.0%) compared to EFBSF (33.5%), which impacts moisture retention and structural integrity. Thermal analysis demonstrates that incorporating these natural fibers significantly enhances the thermal performance of TMS. With a 2.5% fiber content, CF reduces thermal effusivity from 1771.43 J/m²Ks^1/2 to 1079.39 J/m²Ks^1/2 and thermal conductivity from 0.86 W/mK to 0.38 W/mK, making it particularly effective in improving insulation in hot conditions. EFBSF also lowers thermal effusivity and conductivity, but to a lesser extent than CF. Additionally, the presence of these fibers reduces volumetric calorific capacity, with CF showing a more pronounced effect. Overall, TMS reinforced with coconut fibers, especially at 1% NaOH and 2.5% fiber content, offers the best thermal performance, suggesting its potential for sustainable construction. This research promotes the use of locally sourced, natural fibers in earth block manufacturing, contributing to the development of more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly building materials.
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Wan Ibrahim, Mohd Haziman, Sajjad Ali Mangi, Sharifah Salwa Mohd Zuki, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, and Dadang Supriyatno. "INFLUENCE OF PALM OIL BIOMASS CLINKER AND EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FIBERS ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES." IIUM Engineering Journal 21, no. 2 (2020): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v21i2.1285.

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This study aims to evaluate the influence of palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers on flexural strength performance of concrete in the presence of palm oil biomass clinker (POBC). This study considered various proportions of palm oil EFB fibers as 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% in concrete with fixed amount of POBC as 10%. It was investigated that there is substantial influence of palm oil EFB fibers on properties of concrete containing 10% POBC as sand replacement. The experimental findings of this study indicated that the workability of fresh mix concrete decreases as palm oil EFB fiber content increased. Besides that, hardened properties of concrete were found to be improved as the amount of palm oil EFB fibers increased in the concrete. It was noticed that flexural strength was improved with addition of 0.2% palm oil EFB fibers that act as reinforcement and deliver growth in flexural strength for concrete containing 10% of POBC. Hence, it was concluded that palm oil EFB fiber could be utilized as fiber reinforcement in concrete to improve flexural strength performance of the concrete. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh gentian tandan kelapa sawit (EFB) terhadap kekuatan lentur pada konkrit dengan kehadiran klinker minyak kelapa sawit biomas (POBC). Kajian ini mengguna pakai pelbagai peratus serat EFB kelapa sawit dalam konkrit iaitu sebanyak 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, dan 0.6% dengan jumlah tetap POBC sebanyak 10%. Didapati bahawa gentian tandan kelapa sawit EFB yang mengandungi 10% POBC berpengaruh besar sebagai pengganti pasir dalam bahan konkrit. Penemuan eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa kebolehkerjaan campuran baru konkrit berkurangan apabila kandungan gentian EFB minyak sawit meningkat. Selain itu, sifat-sifat mengeras pada konkrit didapati bertambah baik apabila jumlah gentian EFB minyak sawit meningkat dalam konkrit. Di samping itu, kekuatan lenturan meningkat dengan penambahan sebanyak 0.2% serat EFB minyak kelapa sawit, berfungsi sebagai penguat dan penambah kekuatan lenturan pada konkrit yang mengandung 10% POBC. Oleh itu, serat EFB minyak kelapa sawit boleh digunakan sebagai penguat gentian dalam konkrit bagi meningkatkan kekuatan lenturan konkrit. This study aims to evaluate the influence of palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers on flexural strength performance of concrete in the presence of palm oil biomass clinker (POBC). This study considered various proportions of palm oil EFB fibers as 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% in concrete with fixed amount of POBC as 10%. It was investigated that there is substantial influence of palm oil EFB fibers on properties of concrete containing 10% POBC as sand replacement. The experimental findings of this study indicated that the workability of fresh mix concrete decreases as palm oil EFB fiber content increased. Besides that, hardened properties of concrete were found to be improved as the amount of palm oil EFB fibers increased in the concrete. It was noticed that flexural strength was improved with addition of 0.2% palm oil EFB fibers that act as reinforcement and deliver growth in flexural strength for concrete containing 10% of POBC. Hence, it was concluded that palm oil EFB fiber could be utilized as fiber reinforcement in concrete to improve flexural strength performance of the concrete. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh gentian tandan kelapa sawit (EFB) terhadap kekuatan lentur pada konkrit dengan kehadiran klinker minyak kelapa sawit biomas (POBC). Kajian ini mengguna pakai pelbagai peratus serat EFB kelapa sawit dalam konkrit iaitu sebanyak 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, dan 0.6% dengan jumlah tetap POBC sebanyak 10%. Didapati bahawa gentian tandan kelapa sawit EFB yang mengandungi 10% POBC berpengaruh besar sebagai pengganti pasir dalam bahan konkrit. Penemuan eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa kebolehkerjaan campuran baru konkrit berkurangan apabila kandungan gentian EFB minyak sawit meningkat. Selain itu, sifat-sifat mengeras pada konkrit didapati bertambah baik apabila jumlah gentian EFB minyak sawit meningkat dalam konkrit. Di samping itu, kekuatan lenturan meningkat dengan penambahan sebanyak 0.2% serat EFB minyak kelapa sawit, berfungsi sebagai penguat dan penambah kekuatan lenturan pada konkrit yang mengandung 10% POBC. Oleh itu, serat EFB minyak kelapa sawit boleh digunakan sebagai penguat gentian dalam konkrit bagi meningkatkan kekuatan lenturan konkrit.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Empty fruit bunch fibers"

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Ahmad, Farah Binti. "Microbial oil production from oil palm empty fruit bunch." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102133/4/Farah_Binti_Ahmad_Thesis.pdf.

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the major solid wastes from palm oil processing. EFB is a lignocellulosic biomass and has the potential to be converted into microbial oil through biochemical routes, where the oils can be further used for biodiesel production. This PhD research aimed to develop and optimise a process for microbial oil production from EFB. The microbial oil production process involves cultivation by oleaginous microorganisms including microalgae, yeasts and fungi on EFB hydrolysates as carbon substrates. The study demonstrated that EFB is a promising low cost non-food feedstock for biodiesel production. The integration of microbial oil production from oil palm biomass with existing palm oil processing could enhance the profitability and sustainability of the palm oil industry.
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Binti, Mohd Noor Afiqah. "Conventional and microwave pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch and rice husk pellets." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17948/.

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In recent years, microwave pyrolysis has been the focus of intense research due to the claim that it produced better quality products at a lower power input compared to the electrical furnace pyrolysis system. This study aimed to investigate the influence of both pyrolysis methods on yield and product composition obtained from Malaysian biomass, i.e.: empty fruit bunch and rice husk pellets. They represent lignocellulosic biomass procured as by-products of the milling process. In the first part of the thesis, an initial characterisation of biomass was conducted to determine the chemical composition. It was found that the biomass in this study has moisture and volatiles content at around 5.4 wt.% and 70 wt.%, respectively which makes them ideal for the pyrolysis process. 200g of biomass was loaded into a 15.8kW fixed bed pyrolysis reactor once the reactor had reached the set temperature. Typically, 40g of biomass was pyrolysed in a specially designed 1000W multi mode microwave oven, where microwaves were fed into the oven cavity through a bottom feed waveguide. It was found that microwave pyrolysis gave a higher bio oil and char yield than conventional pyrolysis at a similar reaction temperature. Up to 8.40% increase in bio oil yield was observed when rice husk pellets were pyrolysed under microwave radiation at 800ºC. GC-MS analysis revealed a greater content of mono-aromatics compounds obtained from microwave pyrolysis oils with negligible Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) than conventional pyrolysis oils. Similarly, greater cracking of heavier hydrocarbons at high temperature resulted in up to 44% increase in phenol formation from microwave pyrolysis oils. A maximum surface area of 410m2/g was also recorded during microwave pyrolysis of rice husk pellets at 500ºC, where this value reduces with an increase in pyrolysis temperature. Moreover, microwave pyrolysis resulted in up to 29% increase in syngas (H2+CO) evolution and about 42% lower greenhouse gases (CH4+CO2) than conventional pyrolysis. These differences can be attributed to internal heat generation during microwave processing in contrast to conduction from the surface inwards during conventional heating. Energy yield analysis suggested that microwave pyrolysis can be optimised for the production of high quality char and bio oil. Meanwhile, conventional pyrolysis can be optimised to enhance syngas production. The second part of this thesis looks into the effect of waveguide position and biomass bed height on the electric field and its corresponding temperature distribution. Numerical modelling has shown that higher temperature rise can be generated in a larger load due to greater microwave power deposited. Moreover, an increase in relative permittivity was observed as biomass was converted into char during pyrolysis. This showed that microwave pyrolysis of biomass can be a self-sustaining process, without any addition of microwave absorber. It was concluded that viable industrial application of microwave pyrolysis is very promising.
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Yahaya, Ahmad Naim Ahmad. "Treatment and utilisation of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) by Pleurotus sajor-caju cultivation and vermicomposting." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575449.

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The oil palm industry in Malaysia is striving to show that it uses a sustainable approach in order to be accepted internationally and ensure palm oil remains a major commodity in Malaysia. The Malaysian government has already prohibited the burning of oil palm wastes leaving a problem of waste disposal. In this work the cultivation of edible mushroom (Pleura/us sajor-caju) on unsterile oil palm waste empty fruit bunch (EFB) followed by vermicomposting by Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta is investigated as a sustainable approach to dealing with a major component of the waste. Two stages of treatment are required due to the lignin content, the C:N ratio (54: 1), the high level of total phenolic compounds (31.10 g GAE/1OOg extract, of which 1.35 mg/kg is phenol) and low phosphorous, and potassium in EFB which makes this material resistant to natural degradation (and hence unsuitable for standard composting) and hazardous to earthworms. Biological efficiency (BE) for the production of the edible fungal fruiting body (oyster mushroom) was more than 20% and an indication that the commercial bioconversion of EFB to mushroom is feasible. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin and reduction of total phenolic compounds. No trace of phenol was found in extracts of EFB after fungal growth (GC-MS analysis). Treated EFB (i.e. after fungal growth) was found to be suitable for vermicornposting. The nutrient contents (TKN, P, N, Ca, Mg, Na and K) of the vermicornpost compared favourably with commercial high and low organic content compost. The final C:N ratio of the vermicompost was approximately 17: 1. This is an indication of stabilisation of the vermicompost and its suitability as a growth medium and soil enhancer. ICP-MS analysis showed that potentially toxic elements (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) of vermicomposted EFB were below the BSI:PAS:lOO:2011 limits. Seedling germination tests shows fast germination of tomatos, peppers and broad beans in a mixture (50%:50%) of vermicomposted EFB and low organic content compost. However seedling germination in vermicomposted EFB without additional compost was slow. It was concluded that oil palm waste (EFB) can be treated by a combination of Pisajor-caju cultivation and vermicomposting. Edible mushrooms can add to the economic balance of the treatment process and the ability to use unsterilised EFB will reduce costs. The final vermicomposted EFB also gives extra economic value and a beneficial return to the environment as a natural soil treatment material
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Lai, Jia Chi. "Co-composting of chitinous materials and oil palm wastes to improve quality of empty fruit bunch (EFB) compost as an organic fertilizer." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1118.

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Raw shrimp shells are selected as an alternate nitrogen supplement to improve the quality of empty fruit bunch (EFB) compost as an organic fertilizer. The composting of EFB and raw shrimp shells with POME was performed in laboratory scale at three different temperatures. Better characteristics and quality of EFB compost was obtained at 40°C. An empirical model was developed to represent relationship between nitrogen content of EFB compost and respective process variables
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Tao, Hsiao-Hang. "Crop residue management in oil palm plantations : soil quality, soil biota and ecosystem functions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebcc3bd9-45c0-4d22-9fef-71dff4abecd3.

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The application of crop residues is one of the most common agricultural practices used to maintain soil ecosystems and crop productivity. This thesis focuses on the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) agroecosystem, an important tropical crop that has expanded rapidly over the past four decades. Both land conversion and business-as-usual practices within the plantations have contributed to soil degradation. The application of oil palm residues, such as empty fruit bunches (EFB) and oil palm fronds, are thought to have positive effects on the soil ecosystem; yet there is currently a deficit of knowledge on their effectiveness. This thesis aims to examine the effects of oil palm residue application on soil physicochemical properties, soil biota, and ecosystem functions. It reports the results of extensive field trials, sample collection, and statistical analysis of crop residue applications in oil palm plantations in Central Sumatra, Indonesia. Four key results emerged from the thesis. First, in this study site land conversion from secondary forest to oil palm does not affect litter decomposition rate, but positively influences soil fauna activity. Second, there is greater soil fauna activity following EFB application than oil palm fronds or chemical fertilizers, and the fauna activity is highly associated with changes in soil chemical properties and soil moisture conditions. Third, EFB application enhances soil ecosystem functions, through the direct provision of organic matter, and by influencing soil biota. Finally, over 15 years of application, EFB appears to be effective in maintaining or increasing annual crop yield in comparison to chemical fertiliser treatment. Temporal changes in crop yield under EFB application appear to be associated with climatic conditions and soil organic carbon. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the potential of oil palm residue applications to increase soil quality, soil biota, and ecosystem functions. They also provide useful information for a wider audience of soil ecologists, agricultural managers, and policy makers to improve sustainable management of the oil palm ecosystem.
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Savetlana, S., Leigh Mulvaney-Johnson, Timothy D. Gough, and Adrian L. Kelly. "Properties of nylon-6-based composite reinforced with coconut shell particles and empty fruit bunch fibres." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15507.

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yes<br>Novel natural fibre composites of nylon-6 reinforced with coconut shell (CS) particles and empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres have been investigated. Fillers were alkali treated before melt compounding with nylon-6. Mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of composites were measured. Tensile modulus was found to improve with both fillers up to 16% for nylon-6/CS composite and 10% for nylon-6/EFB composite, whereas a moderate increase in tensile strength was observed only with CS composites. Differences in the strengthening mechanisms were explained by the morphology of the two fillers, empty fruit bunch fibres having a weaker cellular internal structure. Observation of composite morphology using SEM showed that both fillers were highly compatible with nylon-6 due to its hydrophilic nature. Both fillers were found to cause a slight drop in crystallinity of the nylon matrix and to lower melt viscosity at typical injection moulding strain rates. Moisture absorption increased with addition of both fillers.
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Cheng-TsuPeng and 彭承祖. "A study of Oxy-fuel Co-Combustion of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch with Australian coal." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ykhfr4.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>航空太空工程學系<br>106<br>Co-combustion of PEFB and coal can make up for the adverse effects of high pollutant and high ash content of coal. Oxy-fuel combustion and CO2 capture from flue gases is a near-zero emission technology that can be adapted to both new and existing pulverized coal-fired power stations. In this study, the combustion characteristics of PEFB, Australian coal and their blend with various blending ratios were studied. The results indicated that replacing N2 by CO2 in the combustion atmosphere with 21% of O2 caused increase in the ignition temperature and burnout temperature. When the O2 concentration was increased to 30%, the ignition temperature and burnout temperature were lower than in the air case. A slight decrease in the ignition temperature and a significant reduction in the burnout temperature was observed after the addition of PEFB, this trend became more obvious as the blending ratios were increased. The emissions of NOx and SO2 during oxy-fuel combustion were lower than under air-firing conditions. The reaction rate constant of combustion process calculated by Coats-Redfern method for 21%O2/79%CO2 are slightly lower than for 21%O2/79%N2. There was a synergistic effect for the co-combustion of PEFB and Australian coal, especially in the char oxidation stage.
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Ottenheim, Christoph, Carl Verdejo, Wolfgang Zimmermann, and Jin Chuan Wu. "Hemicellulase production by Aspergillus niger DSM 26641 in hydrothermal palm oil empty fruit bunch hydrolysate and transcriptome analysis." 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16853.

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Palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFB) is an abundant and cheap lignocellulose material in South East Asia. Its use as the sole medium for producing lignocellulose-hydrolyzing enzymes would increase its commercial value. A newly isolated Aspergillus niger DSM 26641 was investigated for its capability of producing hemicellulases in EFB hydrolysate obtained by treatment with pressurized hot water (1-20%, w/v) at 120-180◦C in a 1 L Parr reactor for 10-60 min. The optimal hydrolysate for the fungal growth and endoxylanase production was obtained when 10% (w/v) of empty fruit bunch was treated at 120◦C or 150◦C for 10 min, giving an endoxylanase activity of 24.5 mU ml-1 on RBB-Xylan and a saccharification activity of 5 U ml-1 on xylan (DNS assay). When the hydrolysates were produced at higher temperatures, longer treatment times or higher biomass contents, only less than 20% of the above maximal endoxylanase activity was detected, possibly due to the higher carbohydrate concentrations in the medium. Transcriptome analysis showed that 3 endoxylanases (expression levels 59-100%, the highest level was set as 100%), 2 b-xylosidases (4%), 4 side chain-cleaving arabinofuranosidases (1-95%), 1 acetyl xylan esterase (9%) and 2 ferulic acid esterases (0.3-9%) were produced together.
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HUYEN, TRAN THI DIEU, and 陳氏妙玄. "Preparation of Activated Carbons Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Their Modification by N-doped Treatment for Supercapacitor." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/usu5fy.

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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>化學工程研究所<br>107<br>Activated carbon (AC) is regarded as one of the most promising active materials for high performance supercapacitor (SC) owning to its high specific surface area and theoretical specific capacity. In this study, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) which is the agricultural residue was employed as precursor to produce ACs which were fabricated by a series of cleaning, carbonization and chemical activation processes. The as-produced AC possesses a specific surface area of 2774 m2/g, which is very high among the AC produced from biomass materials. In order to enhance the performance of SC, the AC was modified by nitrogen doping treatment. The specific capacity of AC and nitrogen-doped AC were 182 to 215 F/g, respectively, at a current density of 0.5 A/g in 6M KOH aqueous electrolyte. We demonstrated that the agriculture waste can be processed to become activated carbon with a high specific surface area for SC application.
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Book chapters on the topic "Empty fruit bunch fibers"

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Muhalim, Damira, Shahira Liza, and Ridhwan Kamel. "Wear Mechanism of Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre Reinforced Polyoxymethylene Composite." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9949-8_23.

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Umor, Noor Azrimi, Sumaiyah Abdullah, Azhar Mohamad, Shahrul Ismail, Siti Izera Ismail, and Azizah Misran. "Indoor Cultivation of Volvariella Volvacea (Bull.) Singer Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fiber." In Palm Oil Industry. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8277-2_10.

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Zahrim, A. Y., L. N. S. Ricky, Y. Shahril, et al. "Partly Decomposed Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber as a Potential Adsorbent for Ammonia-Nitrogen from Urban Drainage Water." In InCIEC 2014. Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-290-6_86.

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Tan, Zhi En, Chin Kian Liew, F. C. Yee, Didier Talamona, and Kheng Lim Goh. "Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres and Biopolymer Composites: Possible Effects of Moisture on the Elasticity, Fracture Properties and Reliability." In Green Biocomposites. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46610-1_12.

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Oktarina, Sachnaz Desta, Ratnawati Nurkhoiry, Rizki Amalia, and Zulfi Prima Sani Nasution. "Stakeholder Perception and Empirical Evidence: Oil Palm Biomass Utilization as Climate-Smart Smallholder Practice." In Interlocal Adaptations to Climate Change in East and Southeast Asia. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81207-2_16.

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AbstractThe smallholder perception and adaptation of climate-smart practice has been rarely addressed. More precisely, on oil palm smallholder whose plot was frequently accused as driving force of ecosystem service depletion. The study to reveal stakeholder perception and its implementation towards biomass utilization was performed in the case study of North Sumatera Province. The Labuhan Batu, Batu Bara, Langkat, and Serdang Bedagai District was selected as the sample cases where the oil palm concessions were highly overlaid. The first phase of the study was conducted by text mining analysis to decode smallholder, practitioner, and expert’s perception and sentiment against oil palm biomass products within the SMEs scheme. The next phase of implementation was operated by introducing biomass-driven oil palm products such as empty fruit bunch briquette, oil palm fronds pellet, midrib handicraft, oil palm based-livestock feed, empty fruit bunch oyster mushrooms, oil palm juice brown sugar, oil palm-laminated wood, and empty fruit bunch-compost. The feasibility and preferences among those eight alternatives were then assessed by multi-criteria decision-making tools named Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on its benefit, opportunity, cost, and risk features. The text mining analysis discovered that initially, the smallholders were perceived to have a lower interest in making use of biomass products as they presumed that it still marginalize farmers. It was also still unclear whether they realize and understand the potential of biomass utilization to ameliorate nature. After the time of implementation, they were enlightened and chose oil palm midrib handicraft over other alternatives as their pluri-activity. Having said that, it is necessary to keep promoting climate-smart adaptation practices at the local level for the sustainability of people, profit, and the planet.
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Mohamed, Mustakimah, Suzana Yusup, Wahyudiono, Siti Machmudah, Motonobu Goto, and Yoshimitsu Uemura. "Upgrading of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch to Value-Added Products." In Biomass and Bioenergy. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07578-5_3.

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Othman, Nurul Syazwani, Ragunathan Santiagoo, Wan Azani Mustafa, Mustaffa Zainal, Azlinda Abdul Ghani, and Nurul Akmam Naaamandadin. "Characterization and Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol Thin Films." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9539-0_22.

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Adam, Salwa, Syed Saiful Nashrizam Syd Ahmad, Nur Masriyah Hamzah, and Noor Azimah Darus. "Composting of Empty Fruit Bunch Treated with Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Decanter Cake." In Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014). Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0534-3_43.

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Qian, See Woan, Nadia Adrus, and Jamarosliza Jamaluddin. "Preparation of Transparent Thin Film from Cellulose Extracted from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5567-1_11.

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Vasudevan, Gunalaan, Kribadharan Uthayasirppi, and Mohd Mawardi bin Hassim. "Strength and Durability Properties Empty Fruit Bunch Ash (EFBA) as Partial Replacement of Cement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3983-9_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Empty fruit bunch fibers"

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Panugalla, Rama Rao, and Gudiamella Ramakrishna. "Effect of alkali treatment on behaviour of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers." In 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE DESIGN, ANALYSIS & DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN AEROSPACE & AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING: I-DAD’22. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139499.

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Arifin, Yulian, Adriani Adriani, Muhammad Ridha, et al. "Effect of Strand Number on Tensile Strength of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environmental Science, Development, and Management, ICESDM 2023, 2 November 2023, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. EAI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.2-11-2023.2348017.

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Tong, Chung Yan, Nor Akmal Mohd Jamail, Mohd Haris Asyraf Shee Kandar, Nordiana Azlin Othman, and Qamarul Ezani Kamarudin. "Analysis of Electric Field for HDPE-NR Biocomposite using Finite Element Method." In Conference on Faculty Electric and Electronic 2020/1. Penerbit UTHM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30880/eeee.2020.01.01.004.

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In developing future electrical networks, it is crucial to develop new alternatives insulating materials which can improve the performance of the next generation high voltage cables. The high electric field reduces the resistance of solid insulation and causes partial discharge occurs through the impurities in a dielectric where this phenomenon causes ageing to the dielectric and ultimately leads to breakdown. Thus, this paper seeks to analyse the electric field intensity of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) when added with 10%, 20% and 30% of different types of bio-filler such as coconut coir fibre, pineapple leaves fibre, and oil palm empty fruit bunch. This can be achieved by creating a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric electrostatic model by using the Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) 4.2 software. The results showed that the inclusion of bio-filler in HDPE increased the maximum electric field intensity when compared with unfilled HDPE. The electric field intensity also varied with the different percentages loading of biocomposite and their permittivity. As a result, the maximum electric field intensity was much lower for HDPE added with a 10% loading of the oil palm empty fruit bunch. Hence, oil palm empty fruit bunch was the best composition as it tends to improve the dielectric properties since it has a lower electric field intensity at the top sphere electrode as compared to other compositions.
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Yani, Muhammad, Bustami Syam, Basuki Wirjosentono, Riadini Wanty Lubis, and Bekti Suroso. "Manufacturing processes: Skateboard from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber composite." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH INNOVATIONS: TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0154929.

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Rahmadiawan, Dieter, Ilham Firdaus, and Hairul Abral. "Functional groups and moisture absorption of palm oil empty fruit bunch fibers/tapioca starch biocomposite film." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES (ICOMEET 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0115054.

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Zalizan, M. H. Izzat B. M., Nor Aisyah Mat Yahya, Nabihah Abdullah, and Marsita Abd Ghani. "Effect of modified oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber/poly (lactic) acid composite." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING (4th IC3PE). AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0205109.

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Senawi, Rosman, Sakinah Mohd Alauddin, Ruzitah Mohd Salleh, Siti Rafidah Ab Rashid, and Mohd Iqbal Shueb. "Effect of chemical treatments on properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers biocomposites." In 2013 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications Colloquium (BEIAC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/beiac.2013.6560092.

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Senawi, Rosman, Ruzitah Mohd Salleh, Sakinah Mohd Alauddin, Siti Rafidah Ab Rashid, and Mohammad Iqbal Shueb. "Effects of fiber loading and surface treatment on polylactic acid/empty fruit bunch fiber biocomposites." In 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2012.6504392.

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Lee, Yan Ding, Ming Meng Pang, Seong Chun Koay, Thai Kiat Ong, and Kim Yeow Tshai. "Effect of empty fruit bunch fibre loading on properties of plasticised polylactic acid biocomposites." In 13TH INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE (13TH EURECA 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0001597.

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Kasolang, S., A. Kalam, M. A. Ahmad, N. A. Rahman, and W. N. Suhadah. "Abrasive wear: The efects of fibres size on oil palm empty fruit bunch polyester composite." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF ADVANCES IN THERMOFLUIDS (IMAT 2011). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4704333.

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Reports on the topic "Empty fruit bunch fibers"

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Teran, Heidi, Diana Giraldo, Gabriel Chiappo, Maria del Pilar Noriega, and Farid Chejne Janna. Characterization of oil palm biomass, derived materials, and applications. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.bbb.7.

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The aim of this case study is to identify the value added of existent biomass fibers (i.e., agro-industrial byproducts) and potential blends. The purpose is to explain the facts about sustainable and/or organic oil palm biomass in the energy recovery sector and in the biobased materials industry. Demand for sustainable biobased materials and energy recovery from biomass triggered the rapid growth experienced by the agricultural industry over recent years, leading to concerns about its impact on the environment and ecosystem. The agricultural industry is currently making efforts to improve sustainability practices, certifications, and to reduce carbon emissions based on innovative technologies. The used biomass, i.e. palm kernel shells (PKS), empty fruit bunches (EFB), and mesocarp fibers (MF), possesses widely accepted sustainability certifications for oil palm biomass, such as the Control Union certifications as a Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) approved certification body, the Regenerative Organic certification (ROC) for farms and products that meet the highest standards for soil health and biomass, and the EU Organic Certification in compliance with the standards and regulations of EC No. 834/2007 and EC No. 889/2008 on organic production of agricultural products. This work presents the main physicochemical characteristics of this studied biomass relevant to its energy recovery and a biobased material application. The characteristics of oil palm biomass can be summarized as a feedstock of medium energy content compared to fossil fuels and lower levels of sulfur, chlorine, and nitrogen than coal. Pellets of oil palm biomass are proven to meet expectations in both quality class A and B of non-woody pellets, i.e., characterized using the standards of solid biofuels, part 6, non-woody pellets, ISO 17225:2021. The application of biobased material ranges from pulp and paper to biobased polymer materials.
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