Academic literature on the topic 'Emulsion dispersion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Emulsion dispersion"
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Fingas, Merv. "OIL SPILL DISPERSION STABILITY AND OIL RE-SURFACING." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (2008): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-661.
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ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the data and the theory of oil-in-water emulsion stability resulting in oil spill dispersion re-surfacing. There is an extensive body of literature on surfactants and interfacial chemistry, including experimental data on emulsion stability. The phenomenon of resurfacing oil is the result of two separate processes: de stabilization of an oil-in-water emulsion and desorption of surfactant from the oil-water interface which leads to further de stabilization. The de stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemical oil dispersions is a consequence of the fact that no emulsions are thermodynamically stable. Ultimately, natural forces move the emulsions to a stable state, which consists of separated oil and water. What is important is the rate at which this occurs. An emulsion is said to be kinetically stable when significant separation (usually considered to be half or 50% of the dispersed phase) occurs outside of the usable time. There are several forces and processes that result in the destabilization and resurfacing of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemically dispersed oils. These include gravitational forces, surfactant interchange with water and subsequent loss of surfactant to the water column, creaming, coalescence, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, and sedimentation. Gravitational separation is the most important force in the resurfacing of oil droplets from crude oil-in-water emulsions such as dispersions. Droplets in an emulsion tend to move upwards when their density is lower than that of water. Creaming is the de stabilization process that is simply described by the appearance of the starting dispersed phase at the surface. Coalescence is another important de stabilization process. Two droplets that interact as a result of close proximity or collision can form a new larger droplet. The result is to increase the droplet size and the rise rate, resulting in accelerated de stabilization of the emulsion. Studies show that coalescence increases with increasing turbidity as collisions between particles become more frequent. Another important phenomenon when considering the stability of dispersed oil, is the absorption/desorption of surfactant from the oil/water interface. In dilute solutions, much of the surfactant in the dispersed droplets ultimately partitions to the water column and thus is lost to the dispersion process. This paper provides a summary of the processes and data from some experiments relevant to oil spill dispersions.
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Akhmetov, A. T., A. A. Rakhimov, A. A. Valiev, and R. R. Nigmatzyanova. "Emulsion and blood flow in microchannels of differently structure." Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics 10 (2014): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/uim2014.1.004.
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Hydrodynamic studies results are presented for O/W and W/O emulsions, biological dispersion as a human blood in microchannels obtained both by traditional methods and soft lithography ones. It’s shown that a general property of dispersions flow in microchannels is the dynamic blocking phenomenon. An analysis of blood and emulsion rheological properties is provided by data got with a precision rheometer. Experiments using microfluidic devices supported to detect droplet deformation during the dynamic blocking and an asymmetry of the dispersion flow pattern ina stepped constriction.
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Salikhanova, D. S., A. B. Abdikamalova, M. A. Ismoilova, D. S. Sagdullayeva, and Sh A. Saidkhonova. "Influence of ultrasonic and mechanical dispersion on the viscosity characteristics of water-oil emulsions: Experimental study." BIO Web of Conferences 78 (2023): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237806001.
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In this article, the influence of ultrasonic and mechanical dispersion on the viscosity characteristics of water-oil emulsions was studied. It was found that an increase in the duration of exposure to ultrasound leads to an increase in temperature as a result of intensive dispersed system mixing. Due to this, there is an intensification of the interaction between the particles, dispersion, and coagulation. The analysis of the results allowed to determine the optimal ratio between the time of ultrasonic exposure and the emulsifier concentration to obtain an emulsion with low viscosity and a dispersion range. Ultrasonic dispersion promotes the formation of fine particles and a wider polydispersity, which improves emulsion viscoelastic parameters and density. It was found that ultrasonic treatment for 80-120 seconds enhances the nanoscale effect, reducing the emulsion dynamic viscosity. These results are of significant importance for the control and optimization of the viscosity properties of emulsions in various industrial fields, including the food industry.
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Rakhimov, A. A., and A. T. Akhmetov. "Experimental study of hydrodynamic effects in the inverse water hydrocarbon emulsions flow in microchannels." Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics 11, no. 1 (2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/uim2016.1.006.
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The paper presents results of hydrodynamic and rheological studies of the inverse water hydrocarbon emulsions. The success of the application of invert emulsions in the petroleum industry due, along with the high viscosity of the emulsion, greatly exceeding the viscosity of the carrier phase, the dynamic blocking effect, which consists in the fact that the rate of flow of emulsions in capillary structures and cracks falls with time to 3-4 orders, despite the permanent pressure drop. The reported study shows an increase in viscosity with increasing concentration or dispersion of emulsion. The increase in dispersion of w/o emulsion leads to an acceleration of the onset of dynamic blocking. The use of microfluidic devices, is made by soft photolithography, along with high-speed photography (10,000 frames/s), allowed us to see in the blocking condition the deformation of the microdroplets of water in inverse emulsion prepared from simple chemical compounds.
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Foley, John, and Catherine O'Connell. "Comparative emulsifying properties of sodium caseinate and whey protein isolate in 18% oil in aqueous systems." Journal of Dairy Research 57, no. 3 (1990): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900027035.
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SummaryBoth whey protein isolate (WPI) and Na caseinate gave similar emulsion capacity-concentration profiles at pH 7. The emulsion capacity of aqueous solutions of WPI was relatively independent of pH while the values for caseinate fell in the isoelectric region. Saline (7·59 g/1) compared with aqueous solutions improved emulsion capacity, particularly above pH 7. At low concentration, WPI had greater emulsifying capacity and gave finer globule dispersion than sodium caseinate. Increase in emulsifier concentration, within a certain range, increased stability, improved dispersion and reduced capacity. Ethanol up to about 20% w/w improved the emulsion capacity of both proteins while at 50% the phases separated. Heat treatment (> 65 °C) of WPI solution before emulsion formation impaired capacity and stability. Heat treatment of preformed WPI emulsions did not have the same effect. Na caseinate and WPI each formed a thin continuous layer of relatively uniform thickness over the oil globule surfaces while denatured WPI appeared aggregated and relatively unevenly distributed at the oil-aqueous interface.
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Lewis, Alun, Per S. Daling, Tove Strøm-Kristiansen, Atle B. Nordvik, and Robert J. Fiocco. "WEATHERING AND CHEMICAL DISPERSION OF OIL AT SEA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-157.
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ABSTRACT Small-scale laboratory methods were used to simulate the weathering processes that occur when crude oil is spilled at sea. Changes caused by evaporation and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsification were studied separately. W/o emulsions were assessed for chemical dispersibility using the Institut Français du Petrole (IFP) and Mackay-Nadeau-Steel-man (MNS) methods. Larger scale experiments were performed in a meso-scale flume. Crude oil was weathered for three days and then sprayed with dispersant. The results show that emulsion breaking is an important part of the mechanism of chemical dispersion. IFP, MNS, and Warren Spring Laboratory (WSL) tests, conducted on w/o emulsions recovered from the flume, produced much lower levels of dispersion than did treatment in the flume. The standard test procedures do not permit emulsion breaking to proceed to the extent observed in the flume. A sea trial also was conducted. Preliminary evaluation of the results shows that dispersant application partially broke the w/o emulsion that had rapidly formed. Dispersion proceeded at a slow rate but the treated slick was removed from the surface more rapidly than the control slick. The degree of dispersion was difficult to quantify by visual observation due to the weather conditions. A combination of remote sensing, surface sampling, and subsurface fluorometry provided a more reliable estimate.
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Serdaroğlu, Meltem, Burcu Öztürk, and Ayşe Kara. "An Overview of Food Emulsions: Description, Classification and Recent Potential Applications." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 6 (2015): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i6.430-438.336.
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Emulsions take place partially or completely in the structures of many natural and processed foods or some foods are already emulsified in certain stages of production. In general “emulsion” is described as a structure created through the dispersion of one of two immiscible liquids within the other one in form of little droplets. Many terms are available to describe different emulsion types and it is very important to define and clarify these terms like “macro emulsion”, “nanoemulsion” and “multiple emulsion”. Nanoemulsions become increasingly important in food industry as an innovative approach in carrying functional agents. Application potential of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) is also stated to be very high in food industry. The two main strategic purposes of utilization of multiple emulsions in food applications are to encapsulate various aromas, bioactive compounds or sensitive food compounds and to allow the production of the low-fat products. This review provides an overview to the general terms of emulsion types, the role of various emulsifying agents, and the application potential of emulsions in food industry.
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Qu, Guanzheng, Jian Su, Tao Shi, Rui Guo, and Jiao Peng. "Effect Evaluation of Nanosilica Particles on O/W Emulsion Properties." Geofluids 2022 (May 24, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2339395.
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O/W emulsion reinforced by nanosilica particle has good application in hydrocarbon development. However, there are few reports on the influence of nanosilica particles on the oil-water interface of O/W emulsion. The effect of nanosilica particles on the interfacial properties of O/W emulsion was indirectly investigated by measuring the interfacial properties between aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles and kerosene, and the properties of O/W emulsion reinforced by nanosilica particle were studied. The results showed that the aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles could significantly reduce the interface tension (with kerosene) by more than 50%, and the interface tension between the aqueous dispersion and kerosene decreased with the increase in nanosilica content. The aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles could significantly change rock wettability. When the content of nanosilica particles increased from 0.1% to 0.7%, the contact angle decreased from 44.89° to 27.62°. The surface tension of O/W emulsion prepared by the aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles and kerosene was among 25 mN/m~30 mN/m. The contact angle was also particularly small, with an average of about 20.00°, a minimum of 12.50°. The salts had little effect on the interface tension of emulsions but had a significant influence on the contact angle and its stability. Magnesium salt could reduce the three-phase contact angle and increase the hydrophilic properties of O/W emulsion, while calcium salt had the opposite effect. Calcium salt and magnesium salt could reduce the stability of the emulsion, and calcium salt had a greater influence. The oil-water stratification adding either calcium salt or magnesium salt was about 1 day~3 days earlier than that without salts. In the experiment, when the content of nanosilica particles was among 0.3%~0.7%, the viscosity of O/W emulsion increased with the increase in nanosilica particles. When the content was 0.9%, the viscosity suddenly decreased, and the extent of reduction was about 21.7%. The findings of this study can help for better understanding the application of nanosilica particles in O/W emulsion, giving some suggestions for the application of nanoparticles in hydrocarbon development.
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Zhang, Tao, Kairui Zhang, Tao Li, Chaoxia Wang, and Fan Yang. "Oligomer-in-water emulsion based waterborne UV-curable paints for cotton printing." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 5 (2014): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2013-0046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to prepare waterborne UV-curable pigment pastes for cotton fabric printing. Design/methodology/approach – O/W (oligomer-in-water) emulsions of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) oligomer in sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) aqueous solution were prepared by ultrasonic emulsification method. Findings – The present work studies various factors affecting the stability and droplet size of the O/W emulsion stabilised by SDBS. The optimal emulsifier concentration was 2.5 per cent, under which condition the stability of the emulsion increased as the emulsifier content increased, with a subsequent decrease in the droplet size of the emulsion, while above which emulsion agglomeration occurred. Increasing the power and duration of ultrasonic dispersion resulted in increased emulsion stability and decreased droplet size, while increases in the oligomer content reduced the emulsion stability. Darocure 1173 mixed with PUA and then emulsified in the SDBS aqueous solution guaranteed uniform dispersion of the photoinitiator, resulting in faster curing speed. Originality/value – This paper presents a new method for making waterborne externally emulsified oligomers for UV curing, and finds that it is easy to convert the existing oligomers into waterborne equivalents by this method. Cotton fabrics printed with the oligomer emulsion based pastes were found to have good colour strength and crockfastness.
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Watanabe, Ryuta, Kakeru Izaki, Kazuya Yamamoto, and Jun-ichi Kadokawa. "Preparation of Nanochitin/Polystyrene Composite Particles by Pickering Emulsion Polymerization Using Scaled-Down Chitin Nanofibers." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060672.
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In this study, we investigate the Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene using scaled-down chitin nanofibers (SD-ChNFs) as stabilizers to produce nanochitin/polystyrene composite particles. Prior to emulsion polymerization, an SD-ChNF aqueous dispersion was prepared by disintegrating bundles of the parent ChNFs with an upper hierarchical scale in aqueous acetic acid through ultrasonication. After styrene was added to the resulting dispersions, the mixtures at the desired weight ratios (SD-ChNFs to styrene = 0.1:1–1.4:1) were ultrasonicated to produce Pickering emulsions. Radical polymerization was then conducted in the presence of potassium persulfate as an initiator in the resulting emulsions to fabricate the composite particles. The results show that their average diameters decreased to a minimum of 84 nm as the weight ratios of SD-ChNFs to styrene increased. The IR and 1H-NMR spectra of the composite particle supported the presence of both chitin and polystyrene in the material.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Emulsion dispersion"
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Oliveira, Mariana Salvim de. "Desenvolvimento e caracterização de micropartículas lipídicas sólidas carregadas com hidrolisado proteico obtidas por spray chilling." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-28012015-103020/.
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Hidrolisados proteicos possuem propriedades terapêuticas e são absorvidos mais facilmente pelo organismo quando comparados às proteínas, no entanto sua aplicação em alimentos é dificultada por serem higroscópicos, reativos e apresentarem gosto amargo. A microencapsulação por spray chilling pode ser uma alternativa para solucionar essas limitações. Este método de encapsulação consiste na atomização de uma mistura, formada pela dispersão ou emulsão do material ativo com o carreador fundido, em uma câmara com temperatura inferior ao ponto de fusão do carreador, que nessas condições solidifica, formando micropartículas esféricas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar micropartículas de hidrolisado de proteína de soja utilizando o método de spray chilling e gordura vegetal (PF 51°C) como carreador. Foram realizados ensaios para obtenção das micropartículas avaliando a alimentação por emulsão e dispersãoe diferentes formulações variando a proporção material ativo:encapsulante (1:5 e 1:10), velocidades de rotação no ultra-turrax (6000 e 8000 rpm) e três diferentes temperaturas (60, 70 e 80°C), totalizando dezoito tratamentos. As misturas foram submetidas à análise reológica para determinação de viscosidade e após serem atomizadas em spray chiller as micropartículas obtidas foram caracterizadas por FTIR, Difração de Raio-X, distribuição e tamanho médio por difração a laser e morfologia por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e confocal. Foram obtidas micropartículas lipídicas sólidas esféricas e aglomeradas, o tamanho médio variou de 53,06 ± 2,17 µm e 68,03 ± 14,07 µm, sem diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. Partículas obtidas pela atomização da emulsão apresentaram poros, todavia exibiram maior capacidade de carregamento do hidrolisado, cerca de 96%, enquanto as obtidas por dispersão apresentaram 54%. Variações durante o preparo da emulsão não proporcionaram alterações na morfologia e tamanho de partícula nas micropartículas, apesar de terem tido influência sobre as propriedades reológicas do sistema. A análise de difração de raios-X indicou que as micropartículas após 90 dias de preparo apresentaram a estrutura na forma polimórfica mais estável. A espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR) revelou que não ocorreu interação entre os ingredientes independentemente do modo de preparo das micropartículas. Tais resultados demonstram que a técnica de spray chilling é eficiente na microencapsulação de hidrolisado proteico de soja, possibilitando uma futura aplicação em alimentos.<br>Protein hydrolysates possess therapeutic properties and absorption easier than to proteins; however its application in food is limited due to its bitter taste, hygroscopic and reactivity. Encapsulation byspray chilling could be an alternative to minimize these limitations. This method consists in the atomization of a mixture formed by the dispersion or emulsion of the active material with the molten carrier, into an environment with temperature below the melting point of the carrier, under these conditions it solidifies to form spherical microparticles. The aim of this work was to develop microparticles loaded with hydrolyzed soy protein using the method of spray chilling and vegetable fat (PF 51°C) as carrier. Tests were conducted to obtain microparticles evaluating the feed by emulsion and dispersion and different formulations by varying the proportions active materials:carrier (1:5 and 1:10), homogenization speed by Ultra-Turrax (6000 and 8000 rpm) and temperature (60, 70 and 80°C ), totaling eighteen treatments. The mixtures were subjected to rheological analysis for determination of viscosity and after being atomized at spray chiller obtained microparticles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution and mean diameter measured using a laser light diffraction instrument and morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. Solid lipid microparticles obtained were spherical and agglomerated the average size between 53.06 ± 2.17 µm and 68.03 ± 14.07 µm, there was no significant difference between formulations. Particles obtained by atomization of emulsion had presence of pores, but exhibited a higher loading capacity of the hydrolyzed, about 96%, while that obtained by dispersion had 54%. Changes during the preparation of the emulsion no provided changes at morphology and particle size of the microparticles, despite having influence on the rheological properties of the system. The analysis of X-ray diffraction showed that the microparticles after 90 days of storage had β polymorphic form. The infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that there was no interaction between the ingredients regardless of the mode of preparation of the microparticles. These results demonstrate that the technique spray chilling is efficient in microencapsulation of soy protein hydrolyzate, allowing future use in foods.
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Miyagawa, Yayoi. "Analysis of factors affecting dispersion stability of O/W emulsion during freezing and thawing processes." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232339.
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Cauvin, Séverine. "Polymérisation cationique du p-méthoxystyrène en dispersion aqueuse en présence de triflate d'ytterbium." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066416.
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Rajapakse, Achula, and s9508428@student rmit edu au. "Drop size distribution and interfacial area in reactive liquid-liquid dispersion." RMIT University. Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080717.163619.
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Emulsion explosives have become the preferred choice as blasting agents for numerous industries including mining, agriculture, and construction. One of the most important components in such an emulsion is an emulsifier, which controls the emulsification properties of the explosive. The present study involves the production of one such emulsifier, which is produced by reacting two immiscible liquids, PIBSA (polyisobutylene succinic anhydride) and MEA (monoethanolamine). The study examines the effect of design variable such as the impeller speed, impeller type and the dispersed phase volume fraction on interfacial area. Experiments were carried out in a 0.15 m diameter fully baffled stirred tank using a 6-bladed Rushton turbine impeller and a marine propeller. Drop size was determined using a microscope with a video camera and image processing system. The transient concentration of PIBSA was determined using FTIR analysis and used to estimate the volume fraction of the dispersed phase (Ö). The effective interfacial area was calculated using the Sauter mean drop diameter, d32 and Ö. Impeller speeds ranging from 150 to 600 rpm and dispersed phase volume fractions, Ö ranging from 0.01 to 0.028 were examined in the experimental study. It was found that that the evolution of Sauter mean drop diameter, d32 has four different trends depending on Ö and impeller speed. At high impeller speeds and high Ö, d32 values decrease initially and reach constant values after a long period of time. This trend is consistent with the findings in previous investigations. Under certain operating conditions, d32 values increase initially with stirring time to reach a maximum value and then decrease to reach a steady state value. The presence of these trends has been attributed to the effect of changing physical properties of the system as a result of chemical reaction. Results indicate that, in general, Sauter mean drop diameter d32 decreases with an increase in agitation intensity. However a decrease in the dispersed phase volume fraction is found to increase d32. These trends are found to be the same for both impeller types studied. Comparing the drop size results produced by the two impellers, it appears that low-power number propeller produces s ignificantly smaller drops than the Rushton turbine. It was found that the concentrations of reactants decrease with time for all impeller speeds thereby leading to a decrease in interfacial area with the progress of the reaction. Interfacial area values obtained at higher impeller speeds are found to be lower in spite of lower d32 values at these speeds. Also, these values decrease with time and become zero in a shorter duration indicating the rapid depletion of MEA. The interfacial area values obtained with the propeller at a given impeller speed are lower as compared to those for Rushton turbine. They also decrease and become zero in a shorter duration as compared to those for Rushton turbine suggesting propeller¡¦s performance is better in enhancing the reaction rate.
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Nguyen, David. "Etude de la nucléation contrôlée de latex polymère à la surface de nanoparticules d’oxyde pour l’élaboration de colloïdes hybrides structurés." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13715/document.
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Des colloïdes à base de silice et de polystyrène ont été synthétisés. Les particules d’oxyde ont d’abord été élaborées et modifiées en surface, puis ont servi de germes au cours d’une étape de polymérisation du styrène. Deux procédés de polymérisation en phase hétérogène ont été utilisés (émulsion ou dispersion) menant à des colloïdes aux morphologies originales et contrôlées. Une étude morphologique par tomographie électronique a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de croissance et d’organisation des particules de latex autour des germes de silice. La synthèse de particules Janus pour l’imagerie biomédicale est aussi décrite. Ces particules de silice ont été modifiées en surface par un chromophore biphotonique et un agent de reconnaissance de certaines cellules tumorales. Des études spectroscopiques et des tests de cytotoxicité ont été entrepris<br>Hybrid colloids based on silica and polystyrene have been synthesized. Oxide particles were first elaborated, surface modified, and then used as seed in a styrene polymerization step. Two heterogeneous polymerisation proceeds were employed (emulsion or dispersion) leading to colloids with original and controlled morphologies. A morphological study by electronic tomography enabled to better understand growth and organisation mechanisms of latexes around silica seeds. Janus particles synthesis for biomedical imaging is also described. Silica particles were surface modified with a biphotonic chromophore and a tumor cells targeting agent. Spectroscopic studies and cytotoxicity tests were investigated
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Russum, James. "Controlled Radical Polymerizations in Miniemulsions: Advances in the Use of RAFT." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-10112005-105314/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.<br>Jones, Christopher, Committee Chair ; Schork, F. Joseph, Committee Co-Chair ; Weck, Marcus, Committee Member ; Meredith, Carson, Committee Member ; Agrawal, Pradeep, Committee Member.
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Lattaud, Cecile. "Synthesis of low density foam shells for inertial confinement fusion experiments." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS033/document.
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Ce travail porte sur le processus de fabrication de microballons en mousse basse densité et le contrôle fin de leur forme (diamètre, épaisseur, densité, sphéricité, non-concentricité). Durant cette thèse nous nous sommes concentrés sur le critère de non-concentricité qui doit être inférieure à 1%. Les microballons sont synthétisés en utilisant un procédé de microencapsulation conduisant à une émulsion double, suivie d'une polymérisation thermique à 60°C. Selon la littérature, trois paramètres majeurs, la densité des trois phases, les déformations du microballon pendant le procédé et la cinétique de polymérisation ont une influence directe sur la non-concentricité des microballons. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que lorsque l'écart de densité entre la phase aqueuse interne et la phase organique augmente, la non-concentricité des microballons TMPTMA s'améliore. Un écart de densité de 0,078 g.cm-3 à 60°C conduit à une non-concentricité moyenne de 2,4% avec un rendement en microballons de 58%. Il a également été montré que la synthèse peut être considérée comme reproductible. Pour une même phase aqueuse interne, les résultats de non-concentricité sont équivalents en utilisant soit un tube droit, un tube à étranglement ou un serpentin court. Le temps requis pour fixer la forme des microballons est d'au moins 20 minutes avec la polymérisation thermique. Ainsi, il semble que le temps passé par les microballons à l'intérieur des bouteilles de réception permet le centrage de la phase aqueuse interne à l'intérieur de la phase organique, quel que soit le processus de circulation précédemment utilisé. Afin d'obtenir des vitesses de polymérisation plus élevées et d'éviter les phénomènes de déstabilisation, nous avons alors concentré notre étude sur la photopolymérisation. Lorsque la synthèse est effectuée en utilisant une lampe UV avec une intensité lumineuse efficace, les microballons ont une épaisseur légèrement supérieure à celle des microballons synthétisés par voie thermique. Par ailleurs, un rendement plus élevé, environ 80%, est obtenu avec la polymérisation UV. Toutefois, la non-concentricité moyenne des microballons synthétisés est environ de 20%, ce qui est vraiment élevé par rapport à la non-concentricité moyenne de 2,4% obtenue par polymérisation thermique. Il serait intéressant d'exposer les microballons à la lumière UV, à différents moments après la collecte afin d'étudier l'influence du temps d'agitation sur la non-concentricité des microballons<br>This work deals with the fabrication process of low density foam shells and the sharp control of their shape (diameter, thickness, density, sphericity, non-concentricity). During this PhD we focused on the non-concentricity criterion which has to be lower than 1%. The shells are synthesized using a microencapsulation process leading to a double emulsion and followed by a thermal polymerization at 60°C. According to the literature, three major parameters, the density of the three phases, the deformations of the shells along the process and the kinetics of the polymerization have a direct influence on the shells non-concentricity. The results obtained showed that when the density gap between the internal water phase and the organic phase increases, the TMPTMA shells non-concentricity improves. A density gap of 0.078 g.cm-3 at 60°C, leads to an average non-concentricity of 2.4% with a yield of shells of 58%. It was also shown that the synthesis process can be considered as reproducible. While using the same internal water phase, equivalent non-concentricity results are obtained using either a straight tube, a tube with areas of constriction or a short wound tube. The time required to fix the shell’s shape is at least 20 minutes with thermal polymerization. So, it seems that the time spent by the shells inside the rotating flask allows the centering of the internal water phase inside the organic phase, whatever the circulation process used. In order to get higher polymerization rates and to avoid destabilization phenomena, we then focused our study on photopolymerization. When the synthesis is performed using a UV lamp with an efficient light intensity, the shells have a slightly higher thickness than the shells synthesized by thermal polymerization. Moreover, a really higher yield, around 80%, is achieved with UV polymerization. However, the average non-concentricity of the shells synthesized lays around 20%, which is really high compared to the 2.4% average non-concentricity obtained with thermal polymerization. It would be interesting to expose the shells to UV light at different times after collection in order to study the influence of the agitation time on the shells non-concentricity
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ATTIA, MONDHER. "Etude experimentale de la dispersion anormale de la photoanisotropie induite dans les emulsions de chlorure d'argent." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066671.
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Spectres de dichroisme et de birefringence induits par un faisceau de lumiere rectilignement polarise. Modele decrivant la composition de l'emulsion anisotrope et donnant une expression analytique du dichroisme et de la birefringence. Calcul de l'efficacite de diffraction des reseaux anisotropes enregistres sur une telle emulsion
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Kibboua, Rachid. "Etude d'une dispersion liquide-liquide soumise à un écoulement cisaillé simple : caractérisation vis à vis de la coalescence." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10167.
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L'ecoulement d'une dispersion eau-huile a ete analyse experimentalement et theoriquement pour differentes huiles dans le cas d'un ecoulement de couette circulaire. Les mesures locales effectuees ont porte sur le profil radial de concentration des gouttes par imagerie dans le cas ou l'un ou l'autre des deux cylindres est tournant. D'autres mesures globales ont ete faites et portent sur la mesure du diametre de sauter de la population de gouttes par attenuation lumineuse a l'aide d'une sonde optique. Un modele de melange a ete etabli pour la prediction du profil radial de concentration. Ce modele nous a permis de degager une relation empirique de la diffusivite hydrodynamique. D'autre part les mesures du diametre de sauter ont permis d'estimer le taux de coalescence dans une dispersion eau-huile par confrontation des mesures avec une equation de bilan de population
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Cerino, Clelio. "Ιntensificatiοn de la séparatiοn d'émulsiοns par chauffage micrο-οndes : applicatiοn à l'extractiοn liquide-liquide de métaux critiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR16.
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Cette thèse s’attache à étudier l’application d’une méthode d’intensification de la séparation des phases d’une émulsion par chauffage micro-ondes aux émulsions typiques rencontrées en extraction liquide-liquide pour la récupération de métaux critiques. Après une revue de la littérature concernant la séparation de telles émulsions, le traitement / chauffage par micro-ondes, puis le point spécifique de l’intensification de la séparation d’émulsions (typiquement pétrolières) par chauffage micro-ondes, le travail de thèse se centre sur quatre parties : Dans un premier temps, les propriétés physico-chimiques pertinentes pour la séparation de phase et identifiées dans l’étude bibliographique sont mesurées, ainsi que leur évolution avec la température. Les mesures de tension interfaciale, ainsi que les essais préliminaires de séparation, font ressortir le rôle déterminant mais mal compris de la tension interfaciale et de son évolution temporelle. Ensuite, on mesure et modélise, à partir de modèles issus de la littérature, les permittivités des phases liquides et des émulsions, grandeur d’intérêt pour décrire la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans ces matières, et permettant notamment de prévoir les longueurs de pénétration des micro-ondes dans les différentes matières. Les permittivités mesurées justifient le développement et l’emploi d’un séparateur continu intensifié par micro-ondes, à échelle laboratoire, afin d’observer à de faibles échelles de tailles et de débits l’influence des micro-ondes sur la séparation des émulsions. En dernier point, on entreprend une étude, par des simulations grâce au logiciel COMSOL Multiphysics, de la répartition de la puissance micro-ondes dans les matières à traiter, dans la géométrie expérimentale précédemment évoquée, ainsi que dans des géométries simplifiées afin de mettre en évidence les possibles problèmes à venir si une industrialisation est envisagée. Les résultats obtenus avec le séparateur mis en œuvre lors du travail de thèse, ainsi que les simulations effectuées, permettent effectivement de valider l’intérêt de la méthode, ainsi que d’envisager la mise à échelle industrielle. Les annexes présentent des axes de recherche identifiés au cours de la thèse<br>This thesis focuses on the application of a microwave heating emulsion separation method to the phase separation of emulsion typical to the critical metal recovery processes. Following a literature review centered around emulsion separation, microwave heating in general, and the intensification of the separation of petroleum-based emulsions by microwave heating, the research work focuses firstly on physico-chemical properties relevant to the phase separation of the studied emulsions, and their evolution with temperature. Surface tension measurements, along with preliminary separation tests, show the important but hardly understood role of surface tension and its time evolution. Emulsion and single phase permittivities are then measured and modeled with equations available in the literature, allowing us to prefigure the penetration depth achievable in such materials with microwaves. The measured permittivities justify employing a laboratory scale, microwave intensified phase separator to observe, with small treatment volume and fluids throughput, the effect of microwaves on emulsion separation. Lastly, we study microwave heating numerically, with COMSOL Multiphysics, first with the aforementioned experimental geometry, then with simpler geometries, presenting problems that could arise, should an industrialization occur. Results obtained with the experimental set-up, as well as the simulations performed allow us to confirm the described method’s interest in the metal recovery context, and to prefigure scale-up. The annexes present further research axis identified during the thesis
Books on the topic "Emulsion dispersion"
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Lagaly, Gerhard, Oliver Schulz, and Ralf Zimehl. Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Steinkopff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5.
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1937-, McKay Robert B., ed. Technological applications of dispersions. Dekker, 1994.
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Lieberman, Herbert A. Pharmaceutical dosage forms-- disperse systems. 2nd ed. M. Dekker, 1996.
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1944-, Hasenhuettl Gerard L., and Hartel Richard W. 1951-, eds. Food emulsifiers and their applications. 2nd ed. Springer, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Emulsion dispersion"
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Herk, A. M. "Particle Growth in Emulsion Polymerization." In Polymeric Dispersions: Principles and Applications. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5512-0_2.
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Poehlein, Gary W. "Reaction Engineering for Emulsion Polymerization." In Polymeric Dispersions: Principles and Applications. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5512-0_21.
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Lagaly, Gerhard, Oliver Schulz, and Ralf Zimehl. "Kolloidale Verteilungen und ihre technische Bedeutung." In Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Steinkopff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5_1.
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Lagaly, Gerhard, Oliver Schulz, and Ralf Zimehl. "Oberflächenpotential und elektrokinetisches Potential." In Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Steinkopff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5_10.
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Lagaly, Gerhard, Oliver Schulz, and Ralf Zimehl. "Stabilitätsmessungen." In Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Steinkopff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5_11.
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Lagaly, Gerhard, Oliver Schulz, and Ralf Zimehl. "Aggregation." In Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Steinkopff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5_12.
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Lagaly, Gerhard, Oliver Schulz, and Ralf Zimehl. "Rheologische Eigenschaften von Dispersionen." In Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Steinkopff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5_13.
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Lagaly, Gerhard, Oliver Schulz, and Ralf Zimehl. "Adsorption aus binären Flüssigkeitsmischungen." In Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Steinkopff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5_14.
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Lagaly, Gerhard, Oliver Schulz, and Ralf Zimehl. "Konstanten, Einheiten, Hyperbelfunktionen." In Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Steinkopff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5_15.
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Beneke, Klaus. "Biographische Daten bedeutender Kolloidwissenschaftler." In Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Steinkopff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5_16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Emulsion dispersion"
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Tator, Kenneth B., and Rick A. Huntley. "Inspection of Water-Borne Industrial and Marine Coatings - Causes and Effects Every Inspector Should Know." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00606.
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Abstract As a consequence of recent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, manufacturers, applicators and facility owners are specifying the use of high solids coatings and/or water-borne coatings. Accordingly, water-borne coatings are used increasingly in our society. There are four classes of water-borne coatings: water reducible coatings, latex coatings, water emulsion coatings, and alkali silicate coatings. Water reducible coatings contain a water insoluble resin and water miscible solvent reduced with water to application viscosity. Latex-based coatings are a dispersion of solid polymer particles in water. Emulsion coatings are a dispersion of liquid particles in water. Alkali silicate coatings consist of a water-soluble inorganic resin that converts to an insoluble film after application. Each has significantly different performance and curing properties, although an overriding similarity is the dependence on water evaporation to obtain full cure. Accordingly, the coating inspector must pay particular attention to the following: transit and storage temperatures; proper application procedures to minimize air entrapment; appropriate surface and air temperatures, relative humidity, thickness and air circulation during application and curing to ensure proper evaporation of the water and suitable film formation; surface cleanliness and porosity to prevent disbonding and pinholing; and equipment selection.
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Blankenship, Kristen. "FEVE Fluoropolymer Coatings for High Performance Waterbased Applications." In SSPC 2017 Greencoat. SSPC, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2017-00007.
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Abstract Performance, cost, and safety drive the coatings industry. Safer and environmentally friendly coatings continue to be a hot topic of discussion globally; however, the adoption of greener coating technologies is slow, especially in the US. This could be attributed to many factors, but from the formulator's perspective, performance is key. Waterborne coatings have been used in architectural applications for decades, but typically these coatings are valued mostly for aesthetics, ease of use, and low cost. The use of waterborne coatings in industrial applications, where higher performance is required, is still uncommon. FEVE fluoropolymer resins are known in the industry as having outstanding durability in exterior industrial and architectural applications. The original FEVE fluoropolymers were synthesized in solvent, but are now available in several water based grades, both emulsion and dispersion. This paper will review the performance of several waterbased formulations based on FEVE resins including a 2K waterbased polyurethane system and a 1K system based on a blend of acrylic and FEVE emulsion. Results of long-term weatherability (QUV-A and Xenon Arc) and corrosion resistance (Prohesion) will be reviewed. A comparison of the final results to that of an FEVE-based solventborne 2K coating will also be made. And finally, an overview of the latest grade of FEVE waterbased emulsion will be discussed.
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Sanni, Olujide, Ogbemi Bukuaghangin, Wassim Taleb, et al. "Mechanisms and Polymorphic Transformation of Calcium Carbonate Inorganic Scale in Oil-Water Emulsion." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17876.
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ABSTRACT Studying the kinetics of scale formation on the surface and in the bulk of the fluid when the oil phase is present has not yet received much attention. The impact of adding an oil phase to both surface deposition and bulk precipitation is not clear and needs to be studied. This work studies the mechanisms and behavior of precipitation of calcium carbonate scale in the presence of oil - water emulsion. A total of 100ml of different oil fractions including cyclohexane, kerosene, toluene and asphaltene is introduced to a vessel with 1000ml of brine at temperature, T=30°C. Using the Rotating Cylinder Electrode (RCE) technique, the mixture is continuously stirred with an overhead impeller blade at 520 rpm to create homogeneous dispersion in the two-phase mixture. Samples are collected and analyzed using the SEM, XRD and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) techniques to determine the morphology, polymorphic transformation and calcium ion concentration at different time intervals. The study shows that the presence of the different fractions of oil have a pronounced effect, by hindering the formation of calcium carbonate and significantly altering the transformation from the metastable polymorph vaterite to the stable polymorph calcite.
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Darden, Winn, Bob Parker, Naoko Sumi, Isao Kimura, Masakazu Ataku, and Takashige Maekawa. "New Water-Based Fluoropolymer Resins for Ultra-Weatherable Coatings." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2009. SSPC, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2009-00008.
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Abstract Fluoropolymer resins find widespread use as building blocks for ultra-weatherable coatings. Fluoroethylene vinyl ether (FEVE) resins were developed to overcome some of the problems associated with the application of standard fluoropolymer coatings. FEVE resins, which yield topcoats with expected lifetimes exceeding 60 years, can be cured at ambient temperatures for field application, or at elevated temperatures in the shop. In order to allow coating manufacturers to conform to government regulations on solvents, water-based FEVE resins were developed several years ago. The original water-based resins were water emulsions. To improve compatibility with water, changes in the FEVE molecule and the addition of emulsifying agents were required. Because of these changes, fluorourethanes made with FEVE emulsions have a greater sensitivity to water, and don’t weather as well as those made with the traditional solvent-based resins. FEVE resin water dispersions were developed to overcome these deficiencies while still allowing formulation of solvent-free coatings. These dispersions are made using solid FEVE resins, leading to substantial improvements in water stability and weathering.
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Darden, Winn, and Bob Parker. "Advances in Fluoropolymer Resins for Long Life Coatings." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2010. SSPC, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2010-00011.
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Abstract Fluoroethylene vinyl ether (FEVE) resins were developed to overcome some of the problems associated with the use of fluoropolymers in coatings. These resins, which yield topcoats with lifetimes exceeding 60 years, can be cured at ambient temperatures for field applications, or at elevated temperatures in the shop. New FEVE resins have been developed to enable formulators to meet air quality regulations while still producing coatings with excellent durability. These include solid resins, which can be solubilized with VOC and HAPS exempt solvents, water emulsions, and water dispersions. In addition, new resins with silanol functionality allow the production of coatings which cure without using isocyanates. It has also been found that FEVE water emulsions, which have excellent weatherability but average physical properties when used alone, can be used to improve the weathering of conventional resins like acrylic emulsions. The resulting fortified systems can be used for architectural trade sale paints, concrete coatings, and direct to metal coatings.
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Gulbrandsen, Egil, and Jon Kvarekvål. "Effect of Oil-In-Water Emulsions on the Performance of Co2 Corrosion Inhibitors." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04365.
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Abstract Corrosion inhibitor performance tests showed that dispersions (emulsions) of oil droplets in water could reduce inhibitor performance. Surface active, amphiphilic inhibitor molecules have a high affinity for accumulation at the oil-water interface. The dispersed droplets may constitute a very large surface area. When the surface area exceeds 1 m2 /liter (order of magnitude) they can deplete a critical amount of corrosion inhibitor from the corrosive aqueous phase. This “parasitic” consumption of inhibitor constitutes a potential corrosion risk and leads to increased inhibitor demand.
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Arendt, Jeffrey. "Waterborne Alkyds - Combining Oil and Water to Reduce VOC and Solve Coating Performance Challenges." In SSPC 2017 Greencoat. SSPC, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2017-00002.
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With a history of proven performance in architectural and industrial coatings and the ability to adhere to less-than-ideally prepared substrates, alkyd resins have remained at the forefront of coating technology for well over 50 years. With such an established history, alkyds are often thought of as old technology and synonymously associated with flammable solvents and high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC). These historical associations are not the contemporary story. New technology has been developed. Several commercial techniques now exist to create stable, high-performing alkyds in water, with almost no VOC. This paper will discuss these recent technology developments. Alkyd emulsions, alkyd dispersions, water-dilutable alkyds and water-reducible alkyds will be reviewed and discussed to help the attendee understand the strengths and limitations of these and other waterbased technologies. The attendee will walk away with an understanding of the history, present state and future direction of alkyd resin technology for coatings.
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Akhmetov, Alfir T., Marat V. Mavletov, Sergey P. Sametov, Artur A. Rakhimov, Azat A. Valiev, and Iskander S. Akhatov. "Dispersion Flow in Microchannels." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86618.
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The work is devoted to experimental investigations of the features of flow of dispersions in microchannels. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part the flow of emulsions in smooth contracting cylindrical microchannels is investigated. It is received that a significant role at dynamic blocking of channels is played by the inclusions comparable by size to the diameter of a narrowing. This is in spite of the fact that their influence on the change of a flow rate of emulsion before blocking is insignificant. In the second part the generation of emulsion in a complex structure of microchannels (micromodels) when water is displaced by composition of hydrocarbon with surfactants is investigated. The experimental dependences of the rheological characteristics of emulsions based on the composition of SAS and water at different concentrations of the aqueous phase can explain blocking of a porous structure by generated emulsion. In the third part a comparison of flow of water-in-oil emulsions with the suspension which was obtained by freezing the microdroplets of the aqueous phase of emulsions was studied. It was found that the blocking of suspension is not as complete as in the case of emulsion. It is explained by deformation of the droplets and by formation of a dense structure, as opposed to suspension of beads, through which hydrocarbon phase is filtered. A small increase in effective viscosity due to solidification of freezing droplets of the dispersed phase was found.
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Alanazi, Khalid, R. Mohan, S. S. Kolla, and O. Shoham. "Effect of Water Cut and Temperature on the Stability of Emulsifier-Free Oil-Water Dispersion in Batch Separators at Various Stirrer Speeds." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-111435.
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Abstract The stability of an emulsifier-free oil-water dispersion in a 200 ml batch separator with a 60mm diameter was characterized using experimental data. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of various water cuts (WC = 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%) and temperatures (T = 25°C, 60°C and 80°C) on the starting times of water and oil separation, full emulsion’s separation time, and volumes of emulsion at various mixing speeds (600–2500 rpm). The two immiscible phases were EXXSOL™ D110 (mineral oil) and distilled water, with density and viscosity ratios of 0.805 and 0.330, respectively. For the fluid systems studied in this work, the emulsion formed with WCs ≥ 75% was significantly impacted by mixing speed and did not separate for several hours at speeds ≥ 1000 rpm. Emulsions of WCs ≤ 50%, on the other hand, were independent of the stirrer speed and separated fully immediately after formation. According to the experimental results, increasing the temperature accelerated the oil creaming rate but delayed the starting time of water sedimentation and was unsuccessful overall in the separation process. For WCs ≥ 75%, emulsions displayed a shear-thinning behavior with viscosities reaching more than 2300 cP at lower shear rates and water-like viscosities at higher shear rates.
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Zhu, Youyi, Peng Yu, and Jian Fan. "Study on Nanoparticle Stabilized Emulsions for Chemical Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21456-ms.
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Abstract Chemical flooding is one of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. The primary mechanism of EOR of chemical flooding is interfacial tension reduction, mobility ratio improvement and wettability changes. Recent studies showed that enhancing emulsification performance was beneficial to improve oil displacement efficiency. The formation of Pickering emulsion by nanoparticles could greatly improve the emulsifying performance. Using nanoparticles stabilized emulsions for chemical EOR application is a novel method. In this study, six different types of nanoparticles were selected, including hydrophilic nano silica, modified nano silica, carbon nanotubes and bentonite, etc. The nanoparticle combine with petroleum sulfonate could form a stable emulsion. Particle wettability were measured by using contact angle measurement (OCA20). Emulsifying intensity index was measured for different nanoparticle-stabilized emulsions. The mechanisms of nanoparticle-stabilized emulsions and relationship between emulsion stability have been investigated. The influence of dispersant on nanoparticle-stabilized emulsions also has been investigated. Nanoparticles mainly play a role in improving the stability of emulsions while surfactant play a major role in enhancing the emulsifying dispersion. The wettability of solid particles was one of the most important factors that affects the stability of emulsions. Partial hydrophobic nanoparticles were much easier to form stable emulsions than hydrophilic nanoparticles. Nanoparticles could form a three-dimensional network structure, thereby the stability of the emulsion was improved. Use of surfactant to disperse nanoparticles could further improve the emulsion stability. Finally, three nanoparticles stabilized emulsion formulations were developed for chemical flooding EOR. Nanoparticle-stabilized emulsions could improve oil displacement efficiency in chemical combination flooding. This research was used to optimize chemical combination flooding formulation and has a guidance function for application of nanoparticles in chemical flooding EOR.