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Journal articles on the topic 'Emulsion dispersion'
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1
Fingas, Merv. "OIL SPILL DISPERSION STABILITY AND OIL RE-SURFACING." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (2008): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-661.
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ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the data and the theory of oil-in-water emulsion stability resulting in oil spill dispersion re-surfacing. There is an extensive body of literature on surfactants and interfacial chemistry, including experimental data on emulsion stability. The phenomenon of resurfacing oil is the result of two separate processes: de stabilization of an oil-in-water emulsion and desorption of surfactant from the oil-water interface which leads to further de stabilization. The de stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemical oil dispersions is a consequence of the fact that no emulsions are thermodynamically stable. Ultimately, natural forces move the emulsions to a stable state, which consists of separated oil and water. What is important is the rate at which this occurs. An emulsion is said to be kinetically stable when significant separation (usually considered to be half or 50% of the dispersed phase) occurs outside of the usable time. There are several forces and processes that result in the destabilization and resurfacing of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemically dispersed oils. These include gravitational forces, surfactant interchange with water and subsequent loss of surfactant to the water column, creaming, coalescence, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, and sedimentation. Gravitational separation is the most important force in the resurfacing of oil droplets from crude oil-in-water emulsions such as dispersions. Droplets in an emulsion tend to move upwards when their density is lower than that of water. Creaming is the de stabilization process that is simply described by the appearance of the starting dispersed phase at the surface. Coalescence is another important de stabilization process. Two droplets that interact as a result of close proximity or collision can form a new larger droplet. The result is to increase the droplet size and the rise rate, resulting in accelerated de stabilization of the emulsion. Studies show that coalescence increases with increasing turbidity as collisions between particles become more frequent. Another important phenomenon when considering the stability of dispersed oil, is the absorption/desorption of surfactant from the oil/water interface. In dilute solutions, much of the surfactant in the dispersed droplets ultimately partitions to the water column and thus is lost to the dispersion process. This paper provides a summary of the processes and data from some experiments relevant to oil spill dispersions.
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Akhmetov, A. T., A. A. Rakhimov, A. A. Valiev, and R. R. Nigmatzyanova. "Emulsion and blood flow in microchannels of differently structure." Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics 10 (2014): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/uim2014.1.004.
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Hydrodynamic studies results are presented for O/W and W/O emulsions, biological dispersion as a human blood in microchannels obtained both by traditional methods and soft lithography ones. It’s shown that a general property of dispersions flow in microchannels is the dynamic blocking phenomenon. An analysis of blood and emulsion rheological properties is provided by data got with a precision rheometer. Experiments using microfluidic devices supported to detect droplet deformation during the dynamic blocking and an asymmetry of the dispersion flow pattern ina stepped constriction.
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Salikhanova, D. S., A. B. Abdikamalova, M. A. Ismoilova, D. S. Sagdullayeva, and Sh A. Saidkhonova. "Influence of ultrasonic and mechanical dispersion on the viscosity characteristics of water-oil emulsions: Experimental study." BIO Web of Conferences 78 (2023): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237806001.
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In this article, the influence of ultrasonic and mechanical dispersion on the viscosity characteristics of water-oil emulsions was studied. It was found that an increase in the duration of exposure to ultrasound leads to an increase in temperature as a result of intensive dispersed system mixing. Due to this, there is an intensification of the interaction between the particles, dispersion, and coagulation. The analysis of the results allowed to determine the optimal ratio between the time of ultrasonic exposure and the emulsifier concentration to obtain an emulsion with low viscosity and a dispersion range. Ultrasonic dispersion promotes the formation of fine particles and a wider polydispersity, which improves emulsion viscoelastic parameters and density. It was found that ultrasonic treatment for 80-120 seconds enhances the nanoscale effect, reducing the emulsion dynamic viscosity. These results are of significant importance for the control and optimization of the viscosity properties of emulsions in various industrial fields, including the food industry.
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Rakhimov, A. A., and A. T. Akhmetov. "Experimental study of hydrodynamic effects in the inverse water hydrocarbon emulsions flow in microchannels." Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics 11, no. 1 (2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/uim2016.1.006.
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The paper presents results of hydrodynamic and rheological studies of the inverse water hydrocarbon emulsions. The success of the application of invert emulsions in the petroleum industry due, along with the high viscosity of the emulsion, greatly exceeding the viscosity of the carrier phase, the dynamic blocking effect, which consists in the fact that the rate of flow of emulsions in capillary structures and cracks falls with time to 3-4 orders, despite the permanent pressure drop. The reported study shows an increase in viscosity with increasing concentration or dispersion of emulsion. The increase in dispersion of w/o emulsion leads to an acceleration of the onset of dynamic blocking. The use of microfluidic devices, is made by soft photolithography, along with high-speed photography (10,000 frames/s), allowed us to see in the blocking condition the deformation of the microdroplets of water in inverse emulsion prepared from simple chemical compounds.
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Foley, John, and Catherine O'Connell. "Comparative emulsifying properties of sodium caseinate and whey protein isolate in 18% oil in aqueous systems." Journal of Dairy Research 57, no. 3 (1990): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900027035.
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SummaryBoth whey protein isolate (WPI) and Na caseinate gave similar emulsion capacity-concentration profiles at pH 7. The emulsion capacity of aqueous solutions of WPI was relatively independent of pH while the values for caseinate fell in the isoelectric region. Saline (7·59 g/1) compared with aqueous solutions improved emulsion capacity, particularly above pH 7. At low concentration, WPI had greater emulsifying capacity and gave finer globule dispersion than sodium caseinate. Increase in emulsifier concentration, within a certain range, increased stability, improved dispersion and reduced capacity. Ethanol up to about 20% w/w improved the emulsion capacity of both proteins while at 50% the phases separated. Heat treatment (> 65 °C) of WPI solution before emulsion formation impaired capacity and stability. Heat treatment of preformed WPI emulsions did not have the same effect. Na caseinate and WPI each formed a thin continuous layer of relatively uniform thickness over the oil globule surfaces while denatured WPI appeared aggregated and relatively unevenly distributed at the oil-aqueous interface.
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Lewis, Alun, Per S. Daling, Tove Strøm-Kristiansen, Atle B. Nordvik, and Robert J. Fiocco. "WEATHERING AND CHEMICAL DISPERSION OF OIL AT SEA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-157.
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ABSTRACT Small-scale laboratory methods were used to simulate the weathering processes that occur when crude oil is spilled at sea. Changes caused by evaporation and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsification were studied separately. W/o emulsions were assessed for chemical dispersibility using the Institut Français du Petrole (IFP) and Mackay-Nadeau-Steel-man (MNS) methods. Larger scale experiments were performed in a meso-scale flume. Crude oil was weathered for three days and then sprayed with dispersant. The results show that emulsion breaking is an important part of the mechanism of chemical dispersion. IFP, MNS, and Warren Spring Laboratory (WSL) tests, conducted on w/o emulsions recovered from the flume, produced much lower levels of dispersion than did treatment in the flume. The standard test procedures do not permit emulsion breaking to proceed to the extent observed in the flume. A sea trial also was conducted. Preliminary evaluation of the results shows that dispersant application partially broke the w/o emulsion that had rapidly formed. Dispersion proceeded at a slow rate but the treated slick was removed from the surface more rapidly than the control slick. The degree of dispersion was difficult to quantify by visual observation due to the weather conditions. A combination of remote sensing, surface sampling, and subsurface fluorometry provided a more reliable estimate.
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Serdaroğlu, Meltem, Burcu Öztürk, and Ayşe Kara. "An Overview of Food Emulsions: Description, Classification and Recent Potential Applications." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 6 (2015): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i6.430-438.336.
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Emulsions take place partially or completely in the structures of many natural and processed foods or some foods are already emulsified in certain stages of production. In general “emulsion” is described as a structure created through the dispersion of one of two immiscible liquids within the other one in form of little droplets. Many terms are available to describe different emulsion types and it is very important to define and clarify these terms like “macro emulsion”, “nanoemulsion” and “multiple emulsion”. Nanoemulsions become increasingly important in food industry as an innovative approach in carrying functional agents. Application potential of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) is also stated to be very high in food industry. The two main strategic purposes of utilization of multiple emulsions in food applications are to encapsulate various aromas, bioactive compounds or sensitive food compounds and to allow the production of the low-fat products. This review provides an overview to the general terms of emulsion types, the role of various emulsifying agents, and the application potential of emulsions in food industry.
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Qu, Guanzheng, Jian Su, Tao Shi, Rui Guo, and Jiao Peng. "Effect Evaluation of Nanosilica Particles on O/W Emulsion Properties." Geofluids 2022 (May 24, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2339395.
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O/W emulsion reinforced by nanosilica particle has good application in hydrocarbon development. However, there are few reports on the influence of nanosilica particles on the oil-water interface of O/W emulsion. The effect of nanosilica particles on the interfacial properties of O/W emulsion was indirectly investigated by measuring the interfacial properties between aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles and kerosene, and the properties of O/W emulsion reinforced by nanosilica particle were studied. The results showed that the aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles could significantly reduce the interface tension (with kerosene) by more than 50%, and the interface tension between the aqueous dispersion and kerosene decreased with the increase in nanosilica content. The aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles could significantly change rock wettability. When the content of nanosilica particles increased from 0.1% to 0.7%, the contact angle decreased from 44.89° to 27.62°. The surface tension of O/W emulsion prepared by the aqueous dispersion of nanosilica particles and kerosene was among 25 mN/m~30 mN/m. The contact angle was also particularly small, with an average of about 20.00°, a minimum of 12.50°. The salts had little effect on the interface tension of emulsions but had a significant influence on the contact angle and its stability. Magnesium salt could reduce the three-phase contact angle and increase the hydrophilic properties of O/W emulsion, while calcium salt had the opposite effect. Calcium salt and magnesium salt could reduce the stability of the emulsion, and calcium salt had a greater influence. The oil-water stratification adding either calcium salt or magnesium salt was about 1 day~3 days earlier than that without salts. In the experiment, when the content of nanosilica particles was among 0.3%~0.7%, the viscosity of O/W emulsion increased with the increase in nanosilica particles. When the content was 0.9%, the viscosity suddenly decreased, and the extent of reduction was about 21.7%. The findings of this study can help for better understanding the application of nanosilica particles in O/W emulsion, giving some suggestions for the application of nanoparticles in hydrocarbon development.
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Zhang, Tao, Kairui Zhang, Tao Li, Chaoxia Wang, and Fan Yang. "Oligomer-in-water emulsion based waterborne UV-curable paints for cotton printing." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 5 (2014): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2013-0046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to prepare waterborne UV-curable pigment pastes for cotton fabric printing. Design/methodology/approach – O/W (oligomer-in-water) emulsions of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) oligomer in sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) aqueous solution were prepared by ultrasonic emulsification method. Findings – The present work studies various factors affecting the stability and droplet size of the O/W emulsion stabilised by SDBS. The optimal emulsifier concentration was 2.5 per cent, under which condition the stability of the emulsion increased as the emulsifier content increased, with a subsequent decrease in the droplet size of the emulsion, while above which emulsion agglomeration occurred. Increasing the power and duration of ultrasonic dispersion resulted in increased emulsion stability and decreased droplet size, while increases in the oligomer content reduced the emulsion stability. Darocure 1173 mixed with PUA and then emulsified in the SDBS aqueous solution guaranteed uniform dispersion of the photoinitiator, resulting in faster curing speed. Originality/value – This paper presents a new method for making waterborne externally emulsified oligomers for UV curing, and finds that it is easy to convert the existing oligomers into waterborne equivalents by this method. Cotton fabrics printed with the oligomer emulsion based pastes were found to have good colour strength and crockfastness.
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Watanabe, Ryuta, Kakeru Izaki, Kazuya Yamamoto, and Jun-ichi Kadokawa. "Preparation of Nanochitin/Polystyrene Composite Particles by Pickering Emulsion Polymerization Using Scaled-Down Chitin Nanofibers." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060672.
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In this study, we investigate the Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene using scaled-down chitin nanofibers (SD-ChNFs) as stabilizers to produce nanochitin/polystyrene composite particles. Prior to emulsion polymerization, an SD-ChNF aqueous dispersion was prepared by disintegrating bundles of the parent ChNFs with an upper hierarchical scale in aqueous acetic acid through ultrasonication. After styrene was added to the resulting dispersions, the mixtures at the desired weight ratios (SD-ChNFs to styrene = 0.1:1–1.4:1) were ultrasonicated to produce Pickering emulsions. Radical polymerization was then conducted in the presence of potassium persulfate as an initiator in the resulting emulsions to fabricate the composite particles. The results show that their average diameters decreased to a minimum of 84 nm as the weight ratios of SD-ChNFs to styrene increased. The IR and 1H-NMR spectra of the composite particle supported the presence of both chitin and polystyrene in the material.
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Wardhono, Endarto Yudo, Mekro Permana Pinem, Hadi Wahyudi, and Sri Agustina. "Calorimetry Technique for Observing the Evolution of Dispersed Droplets of Concentrated Water-in-Oil (W/O) Emulsion during Preparation, Storage and Destabilization." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (2019): 5271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245271.
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In this work, the evolution of dispersed droplets in a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion during formation, storage, and destabilization was observed using a calorimetry technique. The emulsion was prepared by dispersing drop by drop an aqueous phase into an oil continuous phase at room temperature using a rotor-stator homogenizer. The evolution of droplets during (1) preparation; (2) storage; and (3) destabilization was observed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The samples were gently cooled-down below its solid-liquid equilibrium temperature then heated back above the melting point to determine its freezing temperature. The energy released during the process was recorded in order to get information about the water droplet dispersion state. The mean droplet size distribution of the sample emulsion was correlated to its freezing temperature and the morphology was followed by optical microscopy. The results indicated that the calorimetry technique is so far a very good technique of characterization concentrated W/O emulsions.
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Natania, Kam, and Giovani Fransisca Setiawan. "Characterization of Antimicrobial Edible Films with Single and Double Emulsions from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Oil." Reaktor 20, no. 1 (2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.1.38-46.
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Clove oil as a potent antimicrobial agent was added to enhance the properties of edible films. Clove oil was converted to single and double emulsion emulsions for homogenous dispersion in a starch based edible film suspension. Double emulsion was made with two steps emulsification with CaCl2 as inner water phase and guar gum as outer water phase. Single emulsion was prepared similarly without inner water phase. The physico-chemical characteristics and the antimicrobial activity of the of starch-based edible film added with the emulsion were observed. MBC/MFC of clove oil was determined against E. coli, S. aureus, R. stolonifer, and A. niger which gives value of 1.95, 1.46, 0.52, and 0.35 mg/ml respectively. Incorporation of different emulsions on starch-based edible films affect the properties of resulting edible films by increasing thickness, opacity, elongation at break, water vapor transmission rate, and swelling index. Both emulsions showed comparable physicochemical characteristics such as thickness, WVTR, and swelling index value. However, double emulsion produced more superior edible films in terms of tensile strength and antimicrobial activity. 15% addition of double emulsion were able to show strong antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone of more than 8.0 mm for E. coli and 24.0 mm for R. stolonifer.Keywords: clove oil; edible film; single and double emulsion
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Cho, Yu-Jin, Dong-Min Kim, In-Ho Song, et al. "An Oligoimide Particle as a Pickering Emulsion Stabilizer." Polymers 10, no. 10 (2018): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101071.
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A pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA)-based oligoimide (PMDA-ODA) was synthesized by a one-step procedure using water as a solvent. The PMDA-ODA particles showed excellent partial wetting properties and were stably dispersed in both water and oil phases. A stable dispersion was not obtained with comparison PMDA-ODA particles that were synthesized by a conventional two-step method using an organic solvent. Both oil-in-water and water-in-oil Pickering emulsions were prepared using the oligoimide particles synthesized in water, and the size of the emulsion droplet was controlled based on the oligoimide particle concentration. The oligoimide particles were tested to prepare Pickering emulsions using various kinds of oils. The oil-in-water Pickering emulsions were successfully applied to prepare microcapsules of the emulsion droplets. Our new Pickering emulsion stabilizer has the advantages of easy synthesis, no need for surface modification, and the capability of stabilizing both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.
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Rodionova, Natalya, Evgeny Popov, Natalya Zakharova, Ekaterina Pozhidaeva, Jana Dymovskih, and Sergej Krjachko. "Prospects for production and application of bioactive vegetable oil emulsions in food technology." BIO Web of Conferences 103 (2024): 00077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410300077.
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The paper shows possibility of obtaining stable emulsions of bioactive vegetable oils in fermented milk medium with concentration of lipid fraction up to 50 %. Emulsifying capacity of fermented fermented milk medium in emulsions of bioactive vegetable oils is found to be 8.2–8.5 %. The influence of the rotation speed of the working element of the emulsifier in the range of 1000–3000 rpm on the emulsifying capacity of the dispersion medium and sedimentation stability of emulsions has been established. Possibility of increasing capacity and stability of emulsions by 1.3–3.9 times when emulsifiers and stabilizers of structure – egg white, lecithin, guar gum are introduced into dispersion medium in concentration up to 3.0 % is revealed. Approximating dependence of emulsifying capacity of dispersion medium on emulsifier concentration is obtained taking into account linear, quadratic and cubic influence of factor. Based on the results of experimental studies, a technology for producing emulsion drinks based on fruits and spices has been developed. The assessment of the vitamin-mineral composition of the developed beverages showed their high nutritional value, established a significant content of vitamins В3, В9, A, D, E. Satisfaction of the daily need of the body when consuming 100 g of the beverage according to these nutrients is 8.2–43.3 %. The data obtained make it possible to classify the developed emulsion drinks as products with improved consumer properties.
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Liu, Ze Quan, Xue Yang, and Qiang Zhang. "TURBISCAN: History, Development, Application to Colloids and Dispersions." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1592.
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Turbiscan is a new rapid and nondestructive method that has found increasing use in detecting physical destabilisation of concentrated and liquid dispersions. This review introduces the history and development of Tubiscan and focuses on applications of Turbiscan. The applications of Tubican were wildly used in dispersion stability of drug, carbon nanotubes dispersion, alumina suspension, emulsion stabilization and sedimentation behavior studying.
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M. Barad, Jaydeep, Mousumi Chakraborty, and Hans-Jörg Bart. "Formation and Stability Study of Nano-Emulsions: BTX- Separation." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (2009): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123100903010033.
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The selective separation of aromatics (benzene, toluene and p-xylene, BTX) from aliphatic (n-heptane) is investigated using simple permeation and facilitated transport emulsion liquid membrane mechanism. The separation performances, represented by the permeation rate and separation factor, are analyzed systematically by varying the operating parameters. One of the major obstacles to the application of emulsion liquid membranes to industrial separations is the stability of emulsion globules. In the present study, stability of emulsion liquid membrane is studied by varying different parameters e.g. surfactant and feed phase concentration, stirrer speed for emulsification. Dispersion destabilisation of emulsion is detected by Turbiscan. Effects of interfacial tension on internal droplets size and size distribution are also systematically investigated. Stable emulsions under optimal conditions are used for the separation of aromatics (BTX) from aliphatic (n-heptane) in a synthetic feed mixture.
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Kozakiewicz, Janusz, Joanna Trzaskowska, Wojciech Domanowski, et al. "Studies on Synthesis and Characterization of Aqueous Hybrid Silicone-Acrylic and Acrylic-Silicone Dispersions and Coatings. Part I." Coatings 9, no. 1 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010025.
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The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the method of synthesis on properties of aqueous hybrid silicone-acrylic (SIL-ACR) and acrylic-silicone (ACR-SIL) dispersions. SIL-ACR dispersions were obtained by emulsion polymerization of mixtures of acrylic and styrene monomers (butyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid and methacrylamide) of two different compositions in aqueous dispersions of silicone resins synthesized from mixtures of silicone monomers (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, vinyltriethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane) of two different compositions. ACR-SIL dispersions were obtained by emulsion polymerization of mixtures of the same silicone monomers in aqueous dispersions of acrylic/styrene copolymers synthesized from the same mixtures of acrylic and styrene monomers, so the compositions of ACR and SIL parts in corresponding ACR-SIL and SIL-ACR hybrid dispersions were the same. Examination of the properties of hybrid dispersions (particle size, particle structure, minimum film forming temperature, Tg of dispersion solids) as well as of corresponding coatings (contact angle, water resistance, water vapour permeability, impact resistance, elasticity) and films (tensile strength, elongation at break, % swell in toluene), revealed that they depended on the method of dispersion synthesis that led to different dispersion particle structures and on composition of ACR and SIL part. Generally, coatings produced from hybrid dispersions showed much better properties than coatings made from starting acrylic/styrene copolymer dispersions.
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Zhang, Peng, and Heng Quan. "Preparation and Application Properties Appraisement of Ecological Polyacrylate Pigment Binder." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1588.
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Five groups of polyacrylate dispersion are prepared with emulsion polymerization technique. Methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA) and styrene (St) are employed as basic polymerizing monomers; acrylic acid (AA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as reactive monomers; sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), composite fatty alcohol ether polyethylene oxide (composite AEO) as emulsifier and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The polymerizing monomers and their charge ratio, pH of pre-emulsions and product emulsions as well as the dosage of ecological cross linker GMA are changed for their effects on the reaction conversion rate, gelatinization rate and staining resistance, yellowing resistance and water tolerance of samples. The studies show that the pH value of pre-emulsion and product emulsion as well as GMA content act on remarkable effects on the application properties of the ecological polyacrylate pigment binder.
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Canevari, Gerard P. "BASIC STUDY REVEALS HOW DIFFERENT CRUDE OILS INFLUENCE DISPERSANT PERFORMANCE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, no. 1 (1987): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-293.
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ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that crude oils contain various amounts of indigenous surface active agents that stabilize water-in-oil emulsions. It is also known that crude oils stabilize such emulsions to different extents. One aspect of the study was to investigate the relationship between the emulsion forming tendency of the various crude oils and the level of performance of a chemical dispersant on the particular crude oil. The results of the extensive laboratory test program indicated that dispersant effectiveness is a function of both dispersant type and the specific crude oil. However, there is no apparent correlation between the degree of emulsion-forming tendency of the crude oil, which is a function of the indigenous surfactant content, and effectiveness. A “clean” hydrocarbon, tetradecane (C14), was also tested in order to evaluate the absence of any indigenous surfactants on performance. It was found that tetradecane exhibited a higher level of effectiveness compared to the crude oils for each of the dispersants tested. In essence, the indigenous surfactants in the crude oil, in every instance, reduce dispersant effectiveness but to an unpredictable level. This is probably due to the fact that these agents present in crude oil promote a water-in-oil emulsion. Since the chemical dispersant is formulated to produce an oil-in-water dispersion, the interference of these crude oil surfactants is apparent. Hence, tetradecane would be an ideal test oil since the degree of dispersion of tetradecane by a particular dispersant represents the maximum dispersion effectiveness for that product. In order to establish more definitively the role of the indigenous surfactants, this surfactant phase was successfully separated from nine crude oils representative of different emulsion forming tendencies. It was found that the amount of surfactant residue extracted from the crude oil did correlate with the emulsion forming tendency of the crude oil. Finally, the above separated surfactant residue was added to tetradecane at the same concentrations as in the respective crude oil. As expected, in every instance, the surfactant residue decreased dispersant performance compared to “pure” tetradecane.
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Zheng, Zhao Xiang, Shu Fang Liu, Wei Bin Lin, Xiao Ting Guo, Yan Fen He, and Xiao Li. "Synthesis of High Solid Content Acrylic-Polyurethane Hybrid Emulsions with Low Viscosity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.41.
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The emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with butyl acrylate (BA) using aqueous polyurethane dispersion as seed was undertaken to prepare acrylic-polyurethane (PUA) hybrid emulsions with high solid content. The concentrations of the anionic groups were varied by adding different amount of dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA). The emulsions with a similar bimodal particle size distribution (PSD) were obtained. The viscosity of the emulsions is about 350 mPa.s while the solid content is about 55%.
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D’Alessio, G., F. Flamminii, M. Faieta, P. Pittia, and C. D. Di Mattia. "Pea protein isolates: emulsification properties as affected by preliminary pretreatments." Italian Journal of Food Science 34, no. 4 (2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v34i4.2259.
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The surface and emulsifying properties of a commercial pea protein isolate in oil-in-water model emulsions and the role of insoluble residues in emulsion stability were investigated. Droplet size distribution, flocculation index, microstructure, and protein coverage of the emulsions were evaluated. The insoluble fraction positively contributed to the pea proteins’ emulsifying properties, allowing the formation of emulsions with higher dispersion degree, especially at low isolate concentration, with an enhancement of the physical stability.
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Li, Qiang, Yuhan Zhang, Qing Miao, Lei Chen, Ziyun Yuan, and Gang Liu. "Rheological properties of oil–water Pickering emulsion stabilized by Fe3O4 solid nanoparticles." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (2020): 1188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0223.
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Abstract Pickering emulsions have attracted extensive attention due to their good properties including easy to manufacture, high stability, and superparamagnetic response. To improve the emulsifying transportation of crude oil, a Pickering emulsion of crude oil and water stabilized by Fe3O4 nanoparticles was prepared and its rheological properties were tested in this research. It was found that the particle size of dispersion droplet polymerization group in stable crude oil Pickering emulsion is negatively correlated with solid content and water content, and the equilibrium apparent viscosity {\mu }_{\text{ap}} of emulsion follows the power law fluid equation. Besides, this kind of Pickering emulsion has higher elasticity of interface membrane, which means by adding functional particles, it obtains good dynamic stability, and thus, has a great application property in crude oil industry.
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Li, Dong, Min Shen, Guofan Sun, et al. "Facile immobilization of lipase based on Pickering emulsion via a synergistic stabilization by palygorskite–enzyme." Clay Minerals 54, no. 3 (2019): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2019.40.
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AbstractA Pickering emulsion was prepared via synergistic stabilization of a lipase and palygorskite particles. The optimum conditions for the stabilization of the Pickering emulsion, such as the concentrations of the palygorskite particles and lipase, were explored. The morphology of emulsion droplets was examined using digital optical microscopy and polarizing optical microscopy. The palygorskite–lipase co-stabilized Pickering emulsions were investigated by determination of the adsorption rate, pH and zeta potential of the aqueous dispersion, as well as by determining the contact angle values of the lipase solution on a palygorskite disc that was immersed in toluene. The catalytic performance of the immobilized lipase in the Pickering emulsion was studied via the investigation of its thermal stability, storage stability and reusability. The immobilized lipase showed greater stability than the free lipase. The lipase immobilized by Pickering emulsion retained a high level of activity even after seven periods of recycling.
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Lee, Hyong-Ju, Jae-Suk Bae, Eui-Suk Lee, Ho-Cheol Kang, Ki-Teak Lee, and Soon-Taek Hong. "Emulsifying Properties of Surface-Active Substances from Defatted Rice Bran by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Food Engineering Progress 16, no. 2 (2012): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13050/foodengprog.2012.16.2.172.
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In this experiment, the surface-active substances were extracted from defatted rice bran and their emulsifying properties were investigated. The sample emulsions stabilized with the surface-active substances (3 fractions: 1-HS, 6- HS and 18-HS) were prepared and then their physico-chemical properties such as fat globule size, creaming stability, oil-off and dispersion stability were determined. It was found that the sample emulsion with different fraction of surface- active substances showed different physico-chemical properties from each other. Specially, 1-HS emulsion with the smallest particle size was evaluated to be superior to others in terms of higher creaming stability, low incidence of oil-off and higher dispersion stability. From the study of co-surfactant addition (Tween 20, SSL and GMS), GMS was found to be the most effective in reducing fat globule size in 1-HS emulsion. This indicated that there might be a co-operative adsorption of the two surface-active substances at the oil-water interface. Thus, the potentiality of the rice bran extracts, obtained with specific conditions, as natural surface-active substances was confirmed.
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M.V., NIKULINA, RYAZANOVA A.YU., STROKOVA V.V., BASKAKOV P.S., ABZALILOVA A.V., and GUBAREVA E.N. "HYDROPHOBISATION OF WATER-DISPERSION PAINT AND VARNISH MATERIAL WITH POLYSILOXANE EMULSION." Chemistry for Sustainable Development 32, no. 4 (2024): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/csd2024575.
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The modern market of paint and varnish materials is represented by a wide range of construction products, including those designed to protect facades of buildings and structures from atmospheric impact. Among the variety of varnishes and paints for processing and rendering decorative and protective properties to building materials, as well as from the viewpoint of environmental friendliness, the most popular products are water-dispersion paints based on acrylic dispersions. However, along with the high values of colour fastness, UV resistance and gas permeability, acrylic-based paints are insufficiently elastic and lack resistance to water. In this regard, the paper considers a method for increasing the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of acrylic paint and varnish material by introducing a hydrophobic polyethylhydrosiloxane-based emulsion containing polyethylhydrosiloxane (PEHS) - 35.20, glutaric aldehyde - 0.19, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - 7.75, water - 56.86 wt%, as well as by increasing the surface development (relief), achieved by increasing the volumetric concentration of pigments (VCP). The optimal range of the amounts of a hydrophobic emulsion and a coalescent into the composition of water-dispersion paints based on acrylic dispersion has been determined. To assess the stability of the coating after drying an aqueous dispersion paint modified with the aqueous polyethylhydrosiloxane emulsion, the wetting angle and free energy of the surface were evaluated using two liquids of different polarities, namely distilled water and diiodomethane. The possibility of modifying the aqueous dispersion paint, characterised by VCP of 70-80 %, by the polyethylhydrosiloxane hydrophobic aqueous emulsion in the amount of 5-5.5 %, combined with ethylene glycol (4.5-5.5 %) has been established, which makes it possible to obtain a hydrophobic coating with a wetting angle of up to 100°. By comparing the wetting angle values of the coatings, it has been shown that in the absence of the hydrophobic additive, this parameter is lower by 12.5 % than the parameter of the modified sample.
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Tang, Longhao, Tingyi Wang, Yingbiao Xu, et al. "Research and Application Progress of Crude Oil Demulsification Technology." Processes 12, no. 10 (2024): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12102292.
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The extraction and collection of crude oil will result in the formation of numerous complex emulsions, which will not only decrease crude oil production, raise the cost of extraction and storage, and worsen pipeline equipment loss, but also seriously pollute the environment because the oil in the emulsion can fill soil pores, lower the soil’s permeability to air and water, and create an oil film on the water’s surface to prevent air–water contact. At present, a variety of demulsification technologies have been developed, such as physical, chemical, biological and other new emulsion breaking techniques, but due to the large content of colloid and asphaltene in many crude oils, resulting in the increased stability of their emulsions and oil–water interfacial tension, interfacial film, interfacial charge, crude oil viscosity, dispersion, and natural surfactants have an impact on the stability of crude oil emulsions. Therefore, the development of efficient, widely applicable, and environmentally friendly demulsification technologies for crude oil emulsions remains an important research direction in the field of crude oil development and application. This paper will start from the formation, classification and hazards of crude oil emulsion, and comprehensively summarize the development and application of demulsification technologies of crude oil emulsion. The demulsification mechanism of crude oil emulsion is further analyzed, and the problems of crude oil demulsification are pointed out, so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development and application of crude oil demulsification technology in the future.
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Titova, Liubov Mikhailovna, Eldana Ruslanovna Bisalieva, and Albina Baurzhanovna Dzhumaeva. "Studying distribution of droplets of aqueous phase before and after ultrasonic treatment of stable oil-water emulsions." Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety 2023, no. 1 (2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-15-21.
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Interest in application of physical processing methods, in particular, ultrasound technologies, has grown significantly in recent years. Ultrasonic technologies minimize the percentage of water in the extracted oil. The main advantages of the ultrasonic treatment over numerous methods of improving the structural and mechanical properties of heavy metals are its low energy consumption, high efficiency, technical and environmental safety. There have been carried out microscopic studies of the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the disperse phase structure and on the stability of emulsions based on light oil from the Yu. Korchagin field with a mass oil content of 40, 60, 80%. The emulsion stability is shown to become less at the increasing water content in the emulsion. Ultrasonic treatment of stable oil emulsions with 60% of oil content from the Yu. Korchagin field had a significant effect on the emulsion. Both positive (acceleration of stratification) and negative effects (strong heating and evaporation of light oil fractions) were observed. The effectiveness of using ultrasound to intensify the separation of emulsions of the specified composition is confirmed by microscopic analysis of optical images of the emulsion structure, because a significant decrease in the size of water droplets in the layer of the dispersion medium is observed in the course of wave processing.
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Liu, Hong Jing, Ying Zhang, Hui Yao, Wei Zhao, and Hong Jing Liu. "The Study on Ionic Liquids Oil-in-Water Emulsion Enhancing Carbon Dioxide Absorption." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.991.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of ionic liquids (ILs) oil-in-water emulsion on CO2 absorption. 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as ILs was dispersed into water forming oil-in-water emulsion to absorb carbon dioxide. Effects of dispersed phase volume fraction, droplet size, and the regeneration of dispersion were studied. Experimental results indicate that ILs oil-in-water emulsion can enhance the CO2 absorption rate under lower dispersion phase volume fraction, and the CO2 mass transfer rate increases with dispersion phase volume fraction. The smaller droplet size can help droplet go into the boundary layer to load CO2 so as to increase the CO2 mass transfer rate. ILs emulsion can be regenerated, but their enhancement effect becomes weaken with the increase of regeneration times.
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Li, Yalin, Jieling Luo, Baoquan Huang, et al. "Fabrication of Graphene-Modified Styrene–Acrylic Emulsion by In Situ Aqueous Polymerization." Polymers 14, no. 18 (2022): 3763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183763.
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With the aim of developing green coatings, styrene–acrylic emulsion has been widely used in architectural coatings due to its excellent environmental protection and energy conservation. Nevertheless, the lack of water and oxygen resistance of water-based styrofoam coatings has promoted various nanomaterials being studied for modification. To improve the performance of waterborne styrofoam coating, we introduced the graphene nanopowder and expected to enable it with the function of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding to reduce the damage of electromagnetic radiation. In this paper, the problem of poor interface compatibility between graphene and polymer resin was successfully addressed by in situ polymerization. In the process of pre-polymerization of styrene–acrylic emulsion monomer, graphene-modified styrene–acrylic emulsion was obtained by introducing graphene aqueous dispersion. The results showed that the styrene–acrylic emulsion with 4 wt% aqueous graphene dispersions exhibited the best dispersion stability, improved water and oxygen resistance, and the conductivity reached 1.89 × 10−2 S/cm. Then, the graphene-modified coating for building was prepared by using graphene-modified styrofoam emulsion. All the performance indexes of the coating are in line with the industry standards, and it still showed benign EMI shielding effect even when the graphene content was low. It is demonstrated that in situ polymerization technology and the application of graphene in resin coatings modification will promote the development of green coatings.
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Droździel, Paweł, Tetiana Vitenko, Viktor Voroshchuk, Sergiy Narizhnyy, and Olha Snizhko. "Discrete-Impulse Energy Supply in Milk and Dairy Product Processing." Materials 14, no. 15 (2021): 4181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154181.
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The efficient use of supplied energy is the basis of the discrete-impulse energy supply (DIES) concept. In order to explore the possibility of using DIES to intensify the hydromechanical processes, the emulsification of milk fat (homogenization of milk, preparation of spreads) and, in particular, the processing of cream cheese masses, were studied. Whole non-homogenized milk, fat emulsions, and cream cheese mass were the object of investigation. To evaluate the efficiency of milk homogenization, the homogenization coefficient change was studied, which was determined by using the centrifugation method, as it is the most affordable and accurate one. To provide the proper dispersion of the milk emulsion, six treatment cycles must be carried out under the developed cavitation mode in a static-type apparatus, here resulting in a light grain-like consistency, and exhibiting the smell of pasteurized milk. The emulsions were evaluated according to the degree of destabilization, resistance and dispersion of the fat phase. On the basis of the obtained data with respect to the regularities of fat dispersion forming in the rotor-type apparatus, the proper parameters required to obtain technologically stable fat emulsion spreads, possessing a dispersion and stability similar to those of plain milk creams, were determined. It was determined that under the DIES, an active dynamic effect on the milk globules takes place. The rheological characteristics of cheese masses were evaluated on the basis of the effective change in viscosity. The effect of the mechanical treatment on the structure of the cheese masses was determined.
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Liu, Fangwei, Weiwei He, Xiaojun Huang, Junyi Yin, and Shaoping Nie. "The Emulsification and Stabilization Mechanism of an Oil-in-Water Emulsion Constructed from Tremella Polysaccharide and Citrus Pectin." Foods 13, no. 10 (2024): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13101545.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the mixture of tremella polysaccharide (TP) and citrus pectin (CP) as an emulsifier by evaluating its emulsifying ability/stability. The results showed that the TP:CP ratio of 5:5 (w/w) could effectively act as an emulsifier. CP, owing its lower molecular weight and highly methyl esterification, facilitated the emulsification of oil droplets, thereby promoting the dispersion of droplets. Meanwhile, the presence of TP enhanced the viscosity of emulsion system and increased the electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance, therefore hindering the migration of emulsion droplets, reducing emulsion droplets coalesce, and enhancing emulsion stability. The emulsification and stabilization performances were influenced by the molecular weight, esterified carboxyl groups content, and electric charge of TP and CP, and the potential mechanism involved their impact on the buoyant force of droplet size, viscosity, and steric hindrance of emulsion system. The emulsions stabilized by TP-CP exhibited robust environmental tolerance, but demonstrated sensitivity to Ca2+. Conclusively, the study demonstrated the potential application of the mixture of TP and CP as a natural polysaccharide emulsifier.
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Strokova, Valeria V., Maria V. Nikulina, Pavel S. Baskakov, Alina V. Abzalilova, and Anastasia Y. Esina. "Influence of a Hydrophobic Emulsion on the Surface Properties of Coatings of Water-Dispersion Acrylic Paint." Materials Science Forum 1040 (July 27, 2021): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1040.165.
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The existing methods of confering hydrophobic properties to various building materials are considered. Obtaining special, including hydrophobic, properties of water-emulsion paints is a very relevant task. Previously, a method was developed for producing an emulsion of a polysiloxane stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol. The paper describes the possibility of using a hydrophobisating emulsion of polyhydrosiloxane as a functional additive for an acrylic water-dispersion paint. This emulsion is capable of forming coatings on dense and porous surfaces with an adjustable contact angle up to 105 °. The use of this emulsion, with its sufficient coalescence for volumetric hydrophobization of coatings, makes it possible to obtain a high contact angle on the surface. In the paper, it was assumed that the partial introduction of small amounts (up to 10 %) of a hydrophobizing emulsion into water-dispersion paints would allow achieving the contact angle of wetting for similar coatings consisting exclusively of emulsion. It is shown that the introduction of small amounts of a hydrophobizing emulsion with an auxiliary coalescing action of ethylene glycol makes it possible to impart hydrophobic properties to the surface of the resulting coating. When the optimum concentration of ethylene glycol in the coating is reached, dissolution and transport (yield) of polysiloxane to the surface is ensured. The research carried out made it possible to develop a paint composition with a hydrophobizing emulsion with a contact wetting angle of about 100 °, which ensured the hydrophobicity of the previously hydrophilic coating of a water-dispersion acrylic paint.
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Li, Rui, Qiangsheng Fang, Peihong Li, Chunling Zhang, Yuan Yuan, and Hong Zhuang. "Effects of Emulsifier Type and Post-Treatment on Stability, Curcumin Protection, and Sterilization Ability of Nanoemulsions." Foods 10, no. 1 (2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010149.
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Curcumin has a high inhibitory effect on many potential diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. However, its degradability and low water solubility limit its application. Loading curcumin with an emulsion delivery system can overcome these problems. Five different types of emulsifiers were used to prepare the curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions, namely, Tween 80 (T80), Span 80 (S80), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), soybean protein isolate (SPI), and lecithin (LEC). The effects of emulsifier types and post-treatment methods on emulsion stability and curcumin-load efficiency were studied. In addition, photodynamic inactivation was used to test the antibacterial effect of nanoemulsions on Escherichia coli under blue light excitation. The five types of emulsifiers could form uniform emulsions with good storage stability and with antibacterial capacity on Escherichia coli. Among them, the T80 and LEC emulsions had good stability, coating effect, and sterilization performance under heating or room temperature. Both curcumin-loaded bactericidal emulsions had the potential for large-scale applications. A nanoemulsions delivery system could effectively improve the dispersion and chemical stability of curcumin in water. An emulsion loaded with antibacterial photosensitizer represents a new idea for the storage and preservation of food commodities.
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Filip, V., I. Hrádková, and J. Šmidrkal. "Antioxidants in Margarine Emulsions." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (2009): S9—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1089-cjfs.
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The lipid oxidation in margarine takes place in continuous liquid oil phase. The extension of fat interfaces in the system – emulsion of water in oil and the dispersion of fat crystals in liquid oil influences on the peroxidation, decomposition of hydroperoxides to aldehydes and the oxidative stability in the comparison with oxidation in the fat blend. Different antioxidants were used in margarine dispersions: <I>L</I>(+)ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate and DL-&alpha; -tocopherol. Increasing polarity and decreasing molecular size of antioxidants have the positive influence on lipid oxidation: DL-&alpha;-tocopherol is the least effective antioxidant of all antioxidants, ascorbic acid is the most effective antioxidant and ascorbyl palmitate possesses similar, however, lesser effect. The combination of all three antioxidants restricts the production of hydroperoxides, the decomposition of hydroperoxides to aldehydes and the increase of oxidative stability was also achieved. Content of antioxidants 0.02% as ascorbic acid or ascorbyl palmitate mostly restrict the extent of lipid oxidation in the margarine dispersion with existent content of naturally present tocopherols in fat blend.
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Lv, Yongli, Sheng Zhang, Yunshan Zhang, Hongyao Yin, and Yujun Feng. "Hydrophobically Associating Polyacrylamide “Water-in-Water” Emulsion Prepared by Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization and Rheological Behavior." Molecules 28, no. 6 (2023): 2698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062698.
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The hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) is an important kind of water-soluble polymer, which is widely used as a rheology modifier in many fields. However, HAPAM products prepared in a traditional method show disadvantages including poor water solubility and the need for hydrocarbon solvents and appropriate surfactants, which lead to environmental pollution and increased costs. To solve these problems, we reported a novel kind of HAPAM “water-in-water” (w/w) emulsion and its solution properties. In this work, a series of cationic hydrophobic monomers with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized and characterized. Then, HAPAM w/w emulsions were prepared by the aqueous dispersion polymerization of acrylamide, 2-methylacryloylxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and a hydrophobic monomer. All these emulsions can be stored more than 6 months, showing excellent stability. An optical microscopy observation showed that the particle morphology and the particle size of the HAPAM emulsion were more regular and bigger than the emulsion without the hydrophobic monomer. The solubility tests showed that such HAPAM w/w emulsions have excellent solubility, which took no more than 180 s to dilute and achieve a homogeneous and clear solution. The rheology measurements showed that the HAPAM association increases with a hydrophobe concentration or the length of hydrophobic alkyl chains, resulting in better shear and temperature resistances. The total reduced viscosity was 124.42 mPa·s for cw101, 69.81 mPa·s for cw6-1, 55.38 mPa·s for cw8-0.25, 48.95 mPa·s for cw12-0.25 and 28 mPa·s for cw16-0.25 when the temperature increased from 30 °C to 90 °C. The cw8-2.0 that contains a 2 mol% hydrophobe monomer has the lowest value at 19.12 mPa·s due to the best association. Based on the excellent stability, solubility and rheological properties, we believe that these HAPAM w/w emulsions could find widespread applications.
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Andreev, Artem A., Daria N. Yakhina, Daniil V. Bryankin, and Veronika V. Makarova. "Investigation of the dispersion process of polypropylene glycol in perfluorodecalin." Image Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies 7, no. 1 (2022): 028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/jamt.2022.01.pp.028-035.
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Perfluorinated polyesters (PFPE) are used as components of high-performance lubricants and oils operating in high and low temperature conditions, including in special-purpose products used in space and in Arctic conditions. To date, the methods for producing PFPE are complex processes that are quite demanding to the conditions of synthesis, which makes it almost impossible to produce these compounds commercially on a large scale. One of the promising approaches to obtaining perfluorinated esters is liquid-phase direct fluorination. Toxic, ozone-depleting solvents have been used in these processes. When they are replaced with harmless, perfluorinated liquids, for example, perfluorodecalin (PFD), another problem is found – the original polyesters are insoluble in PFD, which is confirmed by laser microinterferometry. In this regard, ultrasonic dispersion of the initial polypropylene glycols (PPGs) of various molecular weights in PFD was proposed in order to obtain emulsions for subsequent direct fluorination. The resulting emulsions were studied using gel-penetrating chromatography, dynamic light scattering and gravimetry. According to the results of the study, the values of particle sizes and emulsion concentrations were obtained over time after ultrasound, and it was also concluded that the stability of the molecular weight of PPG in the emulsion after sonification. The applicability of ultrasonic dispersion for a high specific surface area of the phase boundary in the PPG – PFD system is discussed, and the feasibility of sonification in a continuous or batch mode when implementing liquid-phase fluorination of PPG in PFD is also discussed.
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Hwangbo, Seon-Ae, Seung-Yul Lee, Bu-An Kim, and Chang-Kwon Moon. "Preparation of Surfactant-Free Nano Oil Particles in Water Using Ultrasonic System and the Mechanism of Emulsion Stability." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (2022): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091547.
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Emulsion technology is widely used in the preparation of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, and other daily necessities, and surfactants are frequently used to prepare these emulsions because of the lack of reliable surfactant-free emulsification techniques. This is disadvantageous because some surfactants pose health hazards, cause environmental pollution, have costly components, and place limitations on process development. In this paper, an efficient method for surfactant-free nano-emulsification is presented. In addition, we discuss the effects of different operating parameters on the oil particle size, as well as the effect of the particle size on the emulsion stability. Specifically, we compared three surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsification technologies (horn, bath, and focused ultrasonic systems). The focused ultrasonic system, which concentrates sound energy at the center of the dispersion system, showed the best performance, producing emulsions with a particle size distribution of 60–400 nm at 400 kHz. In addition, phase separation did not occur despite the lack of surfactants and thickeners, and the emulsion remained stable for seven days. It is expected to be widely used in eco-friendly emulsification processes.
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Wu, Wei Bing, Bin Liu, Xiao Fan Zhou, Yi Jing, and Hong Qi Dai. "Preparation and Application of Hydrophobically Associating Cationic Polyacrylamide." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1808.
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“Water-in-water” emulsions of hydrophobically associating cationic polyacrylamide (HACPAM) with both cationic groups (methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, DMC) and hydrophobic groups (n-butyl acrylate, BA) were synthesized by dispersion polymerization. The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR. The prepared “water-in-water” emulsions possessed high solid content, low viscosity, good stability and solubility. An image analyzer photographed the size of the emulsion particles. The polymerization behaviors with varying concentrations of acrylamide, DMC, BA, stabilizer and reaction time were investigated. Appropriate concentrations of monomer, BA and DMC for stable dispersion system were in the scope of 10~15 wt%, 0.025 ~ 0.15 wt% and 1~ 4 wt%, respectively. The dynamic drainage experiment results show that the HACPAM “water-in-water” emulsions can be directly used as retention aid and obviously improve the retention efficiency of bleached broad-leaved pulp.
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ISHII, Fumiyoshi. "Phospholipids in Emulsion and Dispersion Systems." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 41, no. 9 (1992): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.41.787.
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Suwantrakit, Noottiyaporn, Pornapa Sujaridworakun, and Orathai Boondamnoen. "ZnO Deposited on Natural Rubber Films by Different Coating Methods." Materials Science Forum 1123 (July 18, 2024): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-owd6ws.
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This study was focused on the incorporation of ZnO on natural rubber (NR) films using acrylic as a binder. Firstly, the dispersion of ZnO was prepared by dispersing ZnO into a mixture of acrylic emulsion and sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI). The concentrations of acrylic emulsion were observed at 0.1 % and 0.5 %w/v while the ratio of ZnO:SCI was fixed at 1:0.25. The result shows higher concentration of acrylic emulsion could provide higher dispersion stability compared to the lower concentration. Subsequently, NR films were coated with ZnO through two-pot and one-pot methods. It was found that the surface of NR film from two-pot method (2P_film) presented uneven distribution of the ZnO while plate structure of ZnO and acrylic were observed on films surfaces one-pot method (1P0.1_film and 1P0.5_film). The Zn content on 2P_film surfaces observed by EDS was found at 14 % while 1P0.1_film and 1P0.5_film contain at 28 % and 19 %, respectively, due to higher concentration acrylic emulsion results a greater polymer network anchoring on the ZnO. The reductions of antibacterial of 2P_film, 1P0.1_film and 1P0.5_film are similar results at over 99%. It reveals that the low content of ZnO could sufficiently achieve an excellent antibacterial performance. Nevertheless, the lower concentration of ZnO/Acrylic will be conducted in further study.
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Eyann, L., S. M. Rashid, and M. S. Musa. "Effect of Styrene Concentration on Tensile Properties of Styrene-Acrylate Films." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2907, no. 1 (2024): 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2907/1/012001.
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Abstract Due to an increasing awareness of environmental protection, waterborne coatings have replaced solvent-borne ones. The waterborne styrene-acrylate dispersion was successfully synthesized using emulsion polymerization. In this work, the emulsion was composed of Butyl Acrylate (BA) and Styrene (Sty) at different ratios. FTIR spectra confirmed the successful copolymerization of BA and Sty. Additionally, it was observed that all emulsions exhibited a consistent hydrodynamic diameter (120 nm to 140 nm), polydispersity index (between 0.030 and 0.050), and zeta potential (-40 mV to -60 mV). Thus, the BA/St ratio did not impact particle growth during emulsion polymerization. Furthermore, an increase in Sty concentration raised the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the films from 10.8 °C to 30.8 °C. This is attributed to Sty being a high Tg polymer, contributing to a rigid monomer that could enhance rigidity and restrict the movement of polymer chains. Additionally, the tensile strength of the dispersion films increased with the increase in Sty concentration, from 3.01 MPa to 5.88 MPa. Interestingly, the elongation at break did not significantly change as the St concentration increased, dropping by 15%. The investigation to aid in establishing relationships between the monomer concentration and mechanical properties of styrene-acrylate films.
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Alguacil, Francisco Jose, and Jose Ignacio Robla. "Treatment of Stainless Steel Rinse Waters Using Non-Dispersive Extraction and Strip Dispersion Membrane Technology." Membranes 13, no. 12 (2023): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13120902.
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The extraction of Fe(III), Cr(III), and Ni(II) from stainless steel rinse water using non-dispersive extraction and strip dispersion membrane technology was carried out in a microporous hydrophobic hollow-fibre module contactor. The fibres were of polypropylene, whereas the organic extractant DP8R (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid) diluted in ExxsolD100 was used as the carrier phase. The rinse water containing the three elements was passed through the tube side, and the pseudo-emulsion formed by the organic phase of DP8R in Exxol D100 and an acidic strip solution were passed through the shell side in a counter-current operation; thus, a unique hollow fibre module was used for extraction and stripping. In non-dispersive extraction and strip dispersion technology, the stripping solution was dispersed into the organic membrane solution in a vessel with an adequate mixing device (impeller) designed to form strip dispersion. This pseudo-emulsion was circulated from the vessel to the membrane module to provide a constant supply of the organic phase to the membrane pores. Different hydrodynamic and chemical variables, such as variation in feed and pseudo-emulsion flow rates, strip phase composition, feed phase pH, and extractant concentration in the organic phase, were investigated. Mass transfer coefficients were estimated from the experimental data. It was possible to separate and concentrate the metals present in the rinse water using the non-dispersive extraction and strip dispersion technique.
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Sharifi, Faezeh, and Mansour Jahangiri. "Investigation of the stability of vitamin D in emulsion-based delivery systems." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 24, no. 2 (2018): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160408028s.
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Vitamin D is a nutraceutical agent, which is necessary for good health. However, the sufficient amount of this vitamin needed for daily intake is not found in most foods which leads to many producers choosing to develop vitamin-enriched products. Vitamin D is sensitive to the exposure to oxygen and high temperature. To protect it against degradation during food processing, emulsion-based delivery is preferred. The more stable emulsion leads to higher protection of vitamin D. The present study investigated the effects of different factors, such as the choice of biopolymer, pH, ionic strength, and temperature, on emulsion stability. As emulsions with smaller particles are known to be more stable, the minimum concentrations of the biopolymers under study allowing the minimum size of particles were determined. The results obtained were the following: gum arabic 7 %, 468 nm; maltodextrin 2 %, 266 nm; Whey protein concentrate (WPC) 0.5 %, 190 nm; Soy protein isolate (SI) 4 %, 132 nm. Among the different biopolymers and the emulsion conditions studied, the soy protein isolate emulsion provided the highest protection of vitamin D (85 %) at 4 wt% concentration, pH 7 and 25?C. SEM analysis of the dried nanocapsules of the soy protein isolate emulsion revealed homogeneous and uniform dispersion of particles.
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Asylgareev, Albert A., Ramil F. SHARAFUTDINOV, Rim A. VALIULLIN, and Denis V. KOSMYLIN. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMOHYDRODYNAMIC PROCESSES DURING FILTRATION OF WATER-OIL EMULSIONS." Tyumen State University Herald. Physical and Mathematical Modeling. Oil, Gas, Energy 8, no. 1 (2022): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7978-2022-8-1-8-22.
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Temperature measurements in downhole conditions (well thermometry) are widely used in monitoring the development of oil and gas reservoirs. With the use of thermometry many oilfield tasks are solved: determination of the working intervals, behind-the-casing flows, casing leakage etc. Variation of temperature in formation is caused by thermodynamic effects: Joule-Thomson and adiabatic. One of the main effects in determining the working intervals by downhole thermometry methods is the Joule-Thomson effect, which is associated with the Joule-Thomson coefficient, characterizing the composition of the fluid flowing from the perforated formation into the well. Therefore, it is necessary to know the value of Joule-Thomson coefficient for different fluids, especially it is important for quantitative interpretation of thermometry data. Currently, the Joule-Thomson coefficient is well studied for various pure fluids and gases, but practically not investigated for emulsions of different types. Meanwhile, the inflow of oil and water from the formation often leads to the formation of emulsion in the bottomhole zone of the formation. Therefore, experimental determination of Joule-Thomson coefficient for such systems and study of thermohydrodynamic processes during emulsion filtration is relevant. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of thermohydrodynamic processes during filtration of emulsion through a choke cell. The description of the experimental setup and the experimental procedure are given. The main design features of the throttle cell, approaches to reduce heat transfer during the movement of fluid through the throttle cell are discussed in detail. The data of experimental studies of temperature and pressure changes during filtration of type “oil in water” — oil dispersion in water and reverse emulsions of type “water in oil” — water dispersion in oil on the throttling cell are given. The paper also obtained estimates of the Joule-Thomson effect for liquids like water, oil and oil-water emulsions.
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Gavrielatos, I., R. Dabirian, R. Mohan, and O. Shoham. "Comparison of Nanoparticle and Surfactant Oil/Water-Emulsion Separation Kinetics." SPE Journal 24, no. 05 (2019): 2182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/190114-pa.
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Summary Experimental observations, during oil–production operations, regarding the formation of oil/water emulsions stabilized by nanoparticles and surfactants, are presented. Similarities and differences between the two types of emulsions are discussed on the basis of acquired separation profiles, as well as respective fluid interfacial properties. A state–of–the–art portable dispersion–characterization rig (PDCR) was used to run the experiments, and a surveillance camera was deployed to monitor the emulsion separation kinetics. Commercial–grade mineral oil and distilled water were used as the test fluids. Silica nanoparticles of different wettabilities, as well as surfactants with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values, were deployed to investigate commonalities/differences between the surfactant– and nanoparticle–stabilized emulsions under ambient–temperature and –pressure conditions. Separation profiles were analyzed, and similar behaviors between the corresponding surfactant and nanoparticle emulsions were observed for the 25%–water–cut case. For higher water cuts, however, the surfactant–stabilized emulsions were tighter than their nanoparticle counterparts, displaying much lower separation rates. In the most severe cases, the surfactants totally inhibited the oil–creaming process and oil remained trapped in the emulsion for several hours. Multiple emulsions (O/W/O) were observed in certain cases [for hydrophilic nanoparticles and lipophilic surfactants (Span® 80)]. On the basis of the aforementioned experimental observations, the presence of surfactants caused more–severe problems for the oil/water–separation process than did the presence of an equal concentration of nanoparticles. Pendant–drop measurements indicated that the surfactants significantly lowered the interfacial tension (IFT) between the oil and water, whereas the nanoparticles did not. Finally, a literature model was used to predict separation profiles for the oil/water dispersions and evaluated by comparing the predictions with the acquired experimental data. Current research sets the benchmark for more–thorough investigations aimed at providing guidelines for a more efficient operation of separators that handle surfactant– or nanoparticle–stabilized emulsions and a better understanding of the related phenomena.
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Amagu, Kaiki, Riho Okajima, Moe Shimizu, et al. "Evaluation Method of Emulsion Using Chemical Oxygen Demand." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 11009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133311009.
Full textAbstract:
The “gas–liquid two-phases mixed flow” mechanism that fine bubble generation uses rapidly swirling water, which shear gas and making small bubbles in water. Based on this mechanism, sending liquid such as oil into the swirling water instead of gas and it able to be emulsified. At present, evaluation methods for emulsions are using particle size distribution and dispersion stability. However, the emulsion with bad separation behavior has a problem to catch only some dispersed oil particles and use them as a whole evaluation. In this study we examined emulsion evaluated by chemical oxygen demand (COD) to express numerical evaluation including the oil particles that cannot be dispersed. Using three emulsions of only one oil, an anionic and a nonionic emulsifier were mixed and added to the oil, an anionic and another kind of the nonionic emulsifier were mixed and added to the oil. It was confirmed that COD decreased and type of only one oil was the most evaporate. These results lead to the conclusion that the performance of the emulsion could be expressed numerically, including the oil particles which could not be dispersed. We also directly analyzed evaporate components and compared them with COD results.
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Amagu, Kaiki, Riho Okajima, Moe Shimizu, et al. "Evaluation Method of Emulsion Using Chemical Oxygen Demand." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 11009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133311009.
Full textAbstract:
The “gas–liquid two-phases mixed flow” mechanism that fine bubble generation uses rapidly swirling water, which shear gas and making small bubbles in water. Based on this mechanism, sending liquid such as oil into the swirling water instead of gas and it able to be emulsified. At present, evaluation methods for emulsions are using particle size distribution and dispersion stability. However, the emulsion with bad separation behavior has a problem to catch only some dispersed oil particles and use them as a whole evaluation. In this study we examined emulsion evaluated by chemical oxygen demand (COD) to express numerical evaluation including the oil particles that cannot be dispersed. Using three emulsions of only one oil, an anionic and a nonionic emulsifier were mixed and added to the oil, an anionic and another kind of the nonionic emulsifier were mixed and added to the oil. It was confirmed that COD decreased and type of only one oil was the most evaporate. These results lead to the conclusion that the performance of the emulsion could be expressed numerically, including the oil particles which could not be dispersed. We also directly analyzed evaporate components and compared them with COD results.
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Таранцев, K. Tarantsev, Коростелева, and A. Korosteleva. "Oil Waste Processing by Using of Electrodispersion." Safety in Technosphere 1, no. 5 (2012): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/112.
Full textAbstract:
Methods of oil waste neutralization and processing are considered. It is shown that oil waste burning is the most extended of
 these methods now. However devices based on electro-hydrodynamic dispersion method of working are most effective for creation
 of fuel emulsions. The technological scheme of fuel emulsion creation in black oil boiler conditions, allowing resolve a problem of effective neutralization of the water polluted by oil products is offered.
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Zhao, Dianbo, Yanfang Zhou, Lixue Sun, Jinfeng Tian, Qisen Xiang, and Ke Li. "The Stability, Rheological Properties and Interfacial Properties of Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsions Prepared from Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Cold Plasma-Treated Chickpea Protein Isolate and Myofibrillar Protein Complexes." Foods 12, no. 19 (2023): 3629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12193629.
Full textAbstract:
In order to increase the development and utilization of chickpea protein isolate (CPI) and improve the stability of myofibrillar protein (MP) emulsions, the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-modified CPI on the emulsifying properties of MP was investigated. Three different O/W emulsions were prepared using MP, MP + CPI complex, or MP + DBD-treated CPI complex as the emulsifier. Compared with the emulsion prepared from MP, the emulsifying activity index and stability of DBD-treated CPI and MP complex (MP + CPIDBD) were increased (p < 0.05) from 55.17 m2/g to 74.99 m2/g and 66.31% to 99.87%, respectively. MP + CPIDBD produced more stable emulsions with the lowest Turbiscan stability index (TSI) values for a given 3600 s. At shear rates from 0 to 1000−1, MP + CPIDBD-stabilized emulsions had higher viscosities, which helped to reduce the chance of aggregation between oil droplets. The optical microscope and particle size distribution of emulsions showed that MP + CPIDBD emulsions had the lowest droplet size (d4,3) and exhibited more uniform distribution. MP + CPIDBD emulsions had lower interfacial tension. DBD pretreatment increased the adsorbed protein content in the emulsion stabilized by MP + CPIDBD as compared to the MP + CPI complex and promoted the adsorption of CPI by higher ratios of adsorbed proteins as indicated by its intensity in SDS-PAGE. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the emulsion prepared from MP + CPIDBD had smaller particle size and more uniform dispersion. Therefore, using DBD-modified CPI could enhance the stability of MP emulsions.
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Avdieieva, L. Yu, and V. Yu Pavlyk. "THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION EFFECTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 44, no. 2 (2022): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2022.3.
Full textAbstract:
Emulsions have high efficiency and biological activity, easy absorption, and high digestibility, because they include extracts and parts of medicinal plants, essential oils, vitamin and mineral complexes. They are widely used in medicine, pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries, as well as agriculture. At the same time, the treatment of liquid multicomponent heterogeneous systems to obtain stable micro- and nano emulsions is a long and energy-intensive process. Modification or replacement of obsolete energy-intensive technological processes and equipment to increase their efficiency is one of the main problems of modern production. Various cavitation devices have proven to be highly efficient and productive with low energy consumption when producing high-quality liquid emulsion systems. Streaming hydrodynamic cavitation devices of the static type based on the Venturi tube are reliable high-performance equipment and are widely used for the formation of microemulsions by hydrodynamic cavitation. Although the influence of Venturi tube geometry on the occurrence of hydrodynamic cavitation has been widely studied, there is no clear relationship between cavitation and Venturi tube geometry parameters. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the geometry features of the Venturi nozzle design in cavitation mixers on the flow characteristics in the formation of emulsion systems as the basis of light emulsion creams. The presented results of experimental studies describe the influence of the geometry features of the Venturi nozzle design on the flow characteristics during the formation of emulsion systems in static cavitation mixers. Flow rate, flow velocity, Reynolds number and cavitation number are defined among the characteristics of hydrodynamics of the flow. The quality of the obtained emulsions is evaluated by dispersion and stability of the emulsion over time.