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Journal articles on the topic 'Emulsion-solvent evaporation method'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Tuntarawongsa, Sarun, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Application of Eutectic Solvent to Preparation of Ibuprofen Suspension by Emulsion Evaporation Method." Advanced Materials Research 1060 (December 2014): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1060.188.

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Menthol was used as sublimate eutectic compound to prepare the volatile eutectic solvent by mixing with camphor, borneol orN-Ethyl-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide (WS-3). The system of menthol:camphor, menthol:borneol and menthol:WS-3 in various ratio (1:9 to 9:1) was characterized. The 5:5 menthol:camphor system showed the highest evaporation rate. Ibuprofen dissolved in eutectic solvent was used as internal phase of emulsion whereas tween80 was used as emulsifier. Eutectic solvent was evaporated to induce the transformation of emulsion droplet to small particle. Eutectic could be used as solvent for preparing small size suspension (14.81±0.44 µm) without organic solvent used.

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2

Xiao, Chao-Da, Xiang-Chun Shen, and Ling Tao. "Modified emulsion solvent evaporation method for fabricating core–shell microspheres." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 452, no. 1-2 (August 2013): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.020.

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3

Kumar, Balagani Pavan, Irisappan Sarath Chandiran, and Korlakunta Narasimha Jayaveera. "Formulation development and evaluation of Glibenclamide loaded Eudragit RLPO microparticles." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2, no. 12 (November 14, 2013): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i12.17016.

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The objective of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated Glibenclamide produced by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. Microparticles were prepared using Eudragit RLPO by emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized for their micromeritic properties, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, drug loading, FTIR, DSC, SEM analysis. In vitro release studies were performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Stability studies were conducted as per ICH guidelines. The resulting microparticles obtained by solvent evaporation method were free flowing in nature. The mean particle size of microparticles ranges from 134.49 179.72 µm and encapsulation efficiency ranges from 92.30-98.32%. The infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry thermographs confirmed the stable character of Glibenclamide in the drug-loaded microparticles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microparticles were spherical in nature. In vitro release studies revealed that the drug release was sustained up to 12 hrs. The release kinetics of Glibenclamide from optimized formulation followed zero-order and peppas mechanism. The mechanism of drug release from the microparticles was found to be non-Fickian type. Eudragit RLPO microparticles containing Glibenclamide could be prepared successfully by using an emulsion solvent evaporation technique, which will not only sustain the release of drug but also manage complicacy of the diabetes in a better manner.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i12.17016 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2013, 2(12): 196-201

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4

Gao, Wenlong, Mei Liu, Limei Liu, Hui Zhang, Bin Dong, and Christopher Y. Li. "One-step fabrication of multifunctional micromotors." Nanoscale 7, no. 33 (2015): 13918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr03574k.

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5

Zhang, Yin, Yong Li, Xiuhua Zhao, Yuangang Zu, Weiguo Wang, Weiwei Wu, Chen Zhong, Mingfang Wu, and Zhao Li. "Preparation, characterization and bioavailability of oral puerarin nanoparticles by emulsion solvent evaporation method." RSC Advances 6, no. 74 (2016): 69889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra08413c.

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In this paper, puerarin (PUE) was nanocrystallized by emulsion solvent evaporation (ESE) method, followed by freeze-drying. The solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of PUENs were significantly improved compared with raw PUE.

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6

Shang, Qing, Jianhua Zhai, Ruiqiong Tian, Ting Zheng, Xiaoyun Zhang, Xiaoyang Liang, and Jing Zhang. "Fabrication, characterization, and controlled release of eprinomectin from injectable mesoporous PLGA microspheres." RSC Advances 5, no. 92 (2015): 75025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra12262g.

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7

Su, Mei, Lulu Wang, Guangyu Zhang, Yan Huang, and Zhaohui Su. "Effects of interfacial tension on formation of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene micelles from emulsions." RSC Advances 5, no. 6 (2015): 4350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14157a.

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In this report, we show that the structure of an amphiphilic block copolymer assembled through the emulsion and solvent evaporation method can be regulated by tuning the interfacial tension with a third solvent.

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8

Lee, Yuhan, Jae-Byum Chang, Hong Kee Kim, and Tae Gwan Park. "Stability studies of biodegradable polymersomes prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method." Macromolecular Research 14, no. 3 (June 2006): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03219095.

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9

Zhao, Xiuhua, Yiping Deng, Ying Zhang, Yuangang Zu, Bolin Lian, Mingfang Wu, Chang Zu, and Weiwei Wu. "Silymarin nanoparticles through emulsion solvent evaporation method for oral delivery with high antioxidant activities, bioavailability, and absorption in the liver." RSC Advances 6, no. 95 (2016): 93137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12896c.

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Silymarin (SM), a well-known hepatoprotective drug, is widely used to treat liver disorders. Silymarin nanoparticles (SMNs) were prepared through emulsion solvent evaporation and freeze-drying methods to improve their solubility.

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10

Fornaguera, C., N. Feiner-Gracia, G. Calderó, M. J. García-Celma, and C. Solans. "Galantamine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, from nano-emulsion templating, as novel advanced drug delivery systems to treat neurodegenerative diseases." Nanoscale 7, no. 28 (2015): 12076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr03474d.

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Schematic representation of the methodology used in this study to prepare GAL-loaded PLGA nanoparticles from nano-emulsion templating: nano-emulsification using the PIC low-energy method followed by solvent evaporation.

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11

Teixeira, Zaine, Nelson Durán, and Sílvia S. Guterres. "Annatto Polymeric Microparticles: Natural Product Encapsulation by the Emulsion–Solvent Evaporation Method." Journal of Chemical Education 85, no. 7 (July 2008): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed085p946.

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12

Jiang, Jianfang, Juan Ao, Chunyang He, Jun Xiong, Jiaqi Zhao, Jintao Liu, Shengrong You, and Hao Jiang. "Preparation and characterisation of ginkgolide nanoparticles via the emulsion solvent evaporation method." Micro & Nano Letters 13, no. 5 (May 2018): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2017.0906.

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13

Lee, Minsu, Yong Woo Cho, Jae Hyung Park, Hesson Chung, Seo Young Jeong, Kuiwon Choi, Dae Hyuk Moon, Sang Yoon Kim, In-San Kim, and Ick Chan Kwon. "Size control of self-assembled nanoparticles by an emulsion/solvent evaporation method." Colloid and Polymer Science 284, no. 5 (December 13, 2005): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-005-1413-3.

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14

Liu, Dongfei, Sunmin Jiang, Hong Shen, Shan Qin, Juanjuan Liu, Qing Zhang, Rui Li, and Qunwei Xu. "Diclofenac sodium-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles prepared by emulsion/solvent evaporation method." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 13, no. 6 (June 23, 2010): 2375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-9998-y.

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15

Sainz, V., C. Peres, T. Ciman, C. Rodrigues, A. S. Viana, C. A. M. Afonso, T. Barata, et al. "Optimization of protein loaded PLGA nanoparticle manufacturing parameters following a quality-by-design approach." RSC Advances 6, no. 106 (2016): 104502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19092h.

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This paper explores the development of a multivariate-based regression model for estimating the critical attributes to establish a design-space for poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles prepared by a double emulsion–solvent evaporation method.

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16

Winkler, Jennifer S., Mayur Barai, and Maria S. Tomassone. "Dual drug-loaded biodegradable Janus particles for simultaneous co-delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 14 (October 2019): 1162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219876554.

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Bicompartmental Janus particles have many advantages in drug delivery, including co-delivery of two compounds with varying solubilities, differential release kinetics, and two surfaces available for targeting ligands. We present a novel strategy using the double emulsion method for the coencapsulation and staggered release of a hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug from anisotropic PLGA/PCL Janus particles, as well as a UV detection method to measure the release of two different compounds from Janus particles. Curcumin and quercetin were chosen as the model hydrophobic compounds for drug loading studies, while acetaminophen (APAP) and naproxen were chosen as the model hydrophilic–hydrophobic drug pair for encapsulation methods and drug loading. Also, a similar double emulsion method was also applied for PLGA/Preicrol® Janus particles containing Doxorubicin and Curcumin. Hydrophobic drugs were encapsulated by the single O/W emulsion technique. Hydrophilic compounds required special modifications due to their poor oil solubility and tendency to escape to the outer aqueous phase during the emulsification and solvent evaporation steps. In total, three different strategies for incorporating hydrophilic drugs were employed: (1) O/W emulsion with partially water miscible solvent, (2) O/W emulsion with co-solvent (i.e. acetone, methanol, ethanol), or (3) W/O/W double emulsion. The encapsulation efficiencies and drug loading percentages were measured using UV/Vis spectroscopy and compared for the different synthesis methods. It was found that the double emulsion method resulted in the highest encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the hydrophilic drug.

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17

Gharge, V. G., and P. S. Bhandare. "Formulation and evaluation of microencapsulated Glimepiride produced by the emulsion - solvent evaporation method." PharmaTutor 6, no. 8 (January 8, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29161/pt.v6.i8.2018.27.

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18

Yadav, Kiran, Deepak Yadav, Manisha Yadav, and Sunil Kumar. "Noscapine Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Prepared Using Oil-in-Water Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method." Journal of Nanopharmaceutics and Drug Delivery 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnd.2015.1074.

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19

Kızılbey, Kadriye. "Optimization of Rutin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Synthesized by Single-Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method." ACS Omega 4, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02767.

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20

Li, Ruifeng, Xuemin Li, Lingrong Liu, Zhimin Zhou, Hongbo Tang, and Qiqing Zhang. "High-Yield Fabrication of PLGA Non-Spherical Microarchitectures by Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation Method." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 31, no. 22 (October 8, 2010): 1981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201000332.

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21

Zu, Yuangang, Xinyang Yu, Xiuhua Zhao, Weiguo Wang, and Kunlun Wang. "Nanocrystallization of the Pharmaceutically Active Agent Genipin by an Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/240950.

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To improve the water solubility and dissolution rate, genipin was nanocrystallized by an emulsion solvent evaporation method, followed by freeze-drying. The optimization condition of nanocrystallization process was carried out by single-factor experiment. The effects of five experimental parameters, such as concentration of surfactants the proportion of water to organic phase, homogenate speed and time, homogenization pressure and times, and the proportion of genipin to lyoprotectants on the mean particle size (MPS) of genipin nanoparticles, were investigated. Under the optimum conditions by single-factor experiments, genipin nanoparticles with an MPS of 59.8 nm were obtained. The genipin nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC, solvent residue, drug purity test, dissolution testing, and bioavailability analysis. The analysis results indicated that the chemical structure of genipin nanoparticles was unchanged, but the crystallinity was reduced. The solubility of genipin nanoparticles was 9.05 times of the raw drug. In addition, the residual amounts of chloroform and ethanol were separately less than the ICH limit for class II, and the oral bioavailability of the genipin nanoparticles powder was 7.99 times of raw genipin. According to the results above, genipin nanoparticles show the potential application value of its oral absorption.

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22

Devi, Sheetal, Shailendra Bhatt, Vipin Saini, Manish Kumar, and Aman Deep. "A Review on Polymeric Nano Micelles Based Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 10, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666190717162913.

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Introduction: Many nanoformulations have been designed and evaluated for ocular drug delivery system consistently. These nanoformulations are designed for prolonged retention and course time, stable, efficient and reversible drug loading. The ocular bioavailability is very less when the drug is given through topically. Various anatomical and physiological limitations, for example, tear turnover, nasal lachrymal waste, reflex squinting, and visual static and dynamic hindrances cause the challenges and delay the ocular drug permeation because of the limitation that less than 5% dose can reach into the ocular tissues. Different types of Polymeric micelles were prepared to overcome the above challenges. Polymeric nano micelles are prepared by different methods, such as direct dissolution, dialysis method, Oil-in-water emulsion, solvent evaporation, co-solvent evaporation, and freeze-drying method.

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23

Sutthapitaksakul, Lalinthip, and Pornsak Sriamornsak. "Influence of Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Hydrophilic Drug-Loaded Microparticles through Double Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Technique." Key Engineering Materials 819 (August 2019): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.819.252.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters on the characteristics of microparticles using double emulsion solvent evaporation method for encapsulation of hydrophilic drug. Donepezil hydrochloride (DPH), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, was selected as a model hydrophilic drug. Prior to conducting an experiment, the target particle size of microparticles was set at approximately 200 μm. The investigated process parameters include pH of outer water phase, stirring time, polymer amount, and volume of outer water phase. The results showed that DPH-loaded microparticles was successfully prepared in two steps. In the first step, the primary emulsion was prepared by dissolving DPH in distilled water before emulsifying in dichloromethane (DCM) containing different amounts of poly(butylmethacrylate-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl-methacrylate-co-methyl-methacrylate) (PBM-DM-MM) using ultrasonic probe. In the second step, the primary emulsion was emulsified in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution by overhead stirrer to prepare double emulsion. After solvent evaporation, the microparticles were collected by centrifugation and washed with distilled water. Based on the statistical analysis, stirring time, polymer amount and volume of outer water phase were the main significant parameters influencing particle size of microparticles.

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24

Jelvehgari, Mitra, Fatemeh Atapour, and Ali Nokhodchi. "Micromeritics and release behaviours of cellulose acetate butyrate microspheres containing theophylline prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation and emulsion non-solvent addition method." Archives of Pharmacal Research 32, no. 7 (July 2009): 1019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-009-1707-y.

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25

Tanaka, Masato, Yoshinari Taguchi, and Chieko Shima. "Microencapsulation of Glutamine with Zein by a Solvent Evaporation Method in Reverse Multiple Emulsion." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 53, no. 5 (2006): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.53.248.

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26

Kim, B. K., S. J. Hwang, J. B. Park, and H. J. Park. "Preparation and characterization of drug-loaded polymethacrylate microspheres by an emulsion solvent evaporation method." Journal of Microencapsulation 19, no. 6 (January 2002): 811–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0265204021000022770.

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27

Chandiran Irisappan, Sarath, Balagani Pavan Kumar, and Korlakanti Narasimha Jayaveera. "Characterization of Glibenclamide loaded cellulose acetate microparticles prepared by an emulsion solvent evaporation method." Journal of Pharmacy Research 7, no. 8 (August 2013): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.08.015.

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28

Shin, Min Jae, Young Jae Shin, Seung Won Hwang, and Jae Sup Shin. "Microencapsulation of imidazole curing agent by solvent evaporation method using W/O/W emulsion." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 129, no. 3 (November 22, 2012): 1036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38767.

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29

Feng, Shui-bin, De-hao Fu, Lei Nie, Peng Zou, and Jin-ping Suo. "A detailed view of PLGA-mPEG microsphere formation by double emulsion solvent evaporation method." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 33, no. 7 (May 12, 2015): 955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-015-1660-9.

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30

Hu, Jian-qing, Hai-jun Zhu, Wei-ping Tu, and Feng Wang. "Synthesis and characterization of polyfunctional aziridine/polyester microcapsules by multiple emulsion-solvent evaporation method." Journal of Central South University 18, no. 2 (April 2011): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-011-0701-y.

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31

Urbaniak, Tomasz, and Witold Musiał. "Influence of Solvent Evaporation Technique Parameters on Diameter of Submicron Lamivudine-Poly-ε-Caprolactone Conjugate Particles." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091240.

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The size of active pharmaceutical ingredient carrier is one of the key properties considered during design of submicron drug delivery systems. Particle diameter may determine drug biodistribution, cellular uptake, and elimination path. Solvent evaporation technique is a flexible method of particle preparation, in which various macromolecules and drugs may be employed. Parameters of emulsion obtained as first step of particle preparation are crucial in terms of particle size, drug loading, and morphology. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of emulsion preparation parameters on diameter of resulting particles. Impact of surfactant type and concentration, homogenization time, homogenization rate, phase ratio, and conjugate concentration were evaluated. Model drug lamivudine was covalently bound to polymer and applied in solvent evaporation method in order to overcome issues related to drug loading and provide method-independent incorporation. Synthesized drug–polymer conjugate and obtained particles were evaluated via dynamic light scattering, chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, and spectroscopic methods. Covalent bonding between drug and polymeric chain was confirmed, estimated drug content per milligram of conjugate was 19 μg. Among employed colloid stabilizer, poly(vinyl alcohol) was proven to be most effective. Homogenization rate and surfactant concentration were identified as crucial parameters in terms of particle diameter control.

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32

Sawasdee, Komkrich, Ployphailin Choksawad, Sopida Pimcharoen, and Kanlaya Prapainop. "Development of size-tunable polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery applications." GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-12113.

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Background: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in drug delivery applications because of its excellent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability along with its abilities to deliver hydrophobic drugs, increase drug bioavailability, and improve drug absorption to targeted cells in both oral and parenteral administrations. The PLGA NPs can be synthesized using emulsion solvent evaporation method. Each parameter during synthesis play a role in formation of nanoparticles and could affect to form different NP sizes which is an important factor for successful development of drug delivery system. Aims: The aim of this study is to prepare different sizes of PLGA NPs by investigation of four factors (molecular weight (MW) of PLGA, emulsifier concentrations, organic solvent type and power of ultrasonication) that involve in PLGA nanoparticle synthesis.Methods: PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. Size and size distribution were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and polydispersity index (PdI).Results: The effect of four parameters: PLGA MW, emulsifier concentrations, solvent types, and amplitude of ultrasonication on PLGA NPs preparation were evaluated. Changing one parameter results in different sizes of PLGA NPs varied from 150-300 nm. PdI which is an indicator for determination of size distribution of NPs are also varied with overall value less than 0.2.Conclusion: MW of PLGA polymer, emulsifier concentration, type of organic solvent and power of ultrasonication affect the size and size distribution of PLGA NPs.

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33

Sousa, Sónia, Ana Costa, Abílio Silva, and Rogério Simões. "Poly(lactic acid)/Cellulose Films Produced from Composite Spheres Prepared by Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation Method." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010066.

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The compound of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and cellulose was made by the emulsion-solvent evaporation technique in order to obtain spheres which are then compression molded to produce a biocomposite film. The effect of the dispersant (poly(vinyl alcohol)—PVA)/PLA ratio on the spheres yield was studied. Moreover, to evaluate the effect of cellulose particle size and surface chemistry on the process yield, unbleached eucalypt kraft pulp and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), both unmodified and physically or chemically modified were used. PLA/cellulose spheres were characterized regarding its physical properties. It was found that the spheres yield is essentially determined by the PVA/PLA ratio and the percentage of cellulose incorporation is greatly affected by the surface chemistry of cellulose. Regarding the films, DSC runs showed a significant effect of the cellulose type incorporated into PLA matrix on the cold crystallization temperature and on the degree of crystallinity of the biocomposite films. The measurement of tensile properties of the biocomposite films revealed that the strength, elongation at break and toughness (tensile energy absorption at break) of the films incorporating unmodified and chemically modified MCC were substantially improved.

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34

Nilkumhang, Suchada, and Abdul W. Basit. "The robustness and flexibility of an emulsion solvent evaporation method to prepare pH-responsive microparticles." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 377, no. 1-2 (July 2009): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.03.024.

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Latha, S., P. Selvamani, G. Suganya, Deepak B. Thimiri Govinda Raj, and T. K. Pal. "Preparation and In-vitro Evaluation of Pantoprazole Sodium Magnetic Microspheres by Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method." BioNanoScience 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-021-00837-2.

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36

Khemani, Manisha, Maheshwar Sharon, and Madhuri Sharon. "Encapsulation of Berberine in Nano-Sized PLGA Synthesized by Emulsification Method." ISRN Nanotechnology 2012 (September 17, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/187354.

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Nanoparticles of PLGA (polylactide glycolic acid) were prepared using biodegradable poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)—75 : 25, by emulsification method using PVA (Mol. Wt. 9000) or didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DMAB) as surfactant. Nanoparticles were morphologically characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size analyzer. The distribution of size of PLGA nanoparticles was in the range of 48–211 nm. Berberine, a yellow isoquinoline alkaloid that is used as traditional anticancer drug, was loaded on to PLGA nanoparticles by single emulsion as well as multiple emulsion solvent evaporation techniques. Particle size analysis showed an increase in berberine loaded PLGA NP size to 180–310 nm when PVA was used as a stabilizer. Whereas use of DMAB as a stabilizer led to precipitation. In vitro drug release analysis revealed that acidic pH of 5.5 was more suitable for release of berberine than pH 7.4.

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37

Alshamsan, Aws. "Nanoprecipitation is more efficient than emulsion solvent evaporation method to encapsulate cucurbitacin I in PLGA nanoparticles." Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 22, no. 3 (July 2014): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2013.12.002.

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38

Ospina-Villa, Juan David, Catalina Gómez-Hoyos, Robin Zuluaga-Gallego, and Omar Triana-Chávez. "Encapsulation of proteins from Leishmania panamensis into PLGA particles by a single emulsion-solvent evaporation method." Journal of Microbiological Methods 162 (July 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.05.004.

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39

Hoa, Le Thi Mai, Nguyen Tai Chi, Le Huu Nguyen, and Dang Mau Chien. "Preparation and characterisation of nanoparticles containing ketoprofen and acrylic polymers prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method." Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 7, no. 2 (July 14, 2011): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2010.515247.

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40

Chigumira, Washington, Prosper Maposa, Louis L. Gadaga, Admire Dube, Dexter Tagwireyi, and Charles C. Maponga. "Preparation and Evaluation of Pralidoxime-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles as Potential Carriers of the Drug across the Blood Brain Barrier." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/692672.

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Pralidoxime is an organophosphate antidote with poor central nervous system distribution due to a high polarity. In the present study, pralidoxime-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated as a potential delivery system of the drug into the central nervous system. The nanoparticles were prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in ethyl acetate made the organic phase and pralidoxime in water made the aqueous phase. The system was stabilized by polyvinyl alcohol. Different drug/polymer ratios were used (1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 4) and the fabricated particles were characterized for encapsulation efficiency using UV-VIS Spectroscopy; particle size distribution, polydispersity index, and zeta potential using photon correlation spectroscopy; andin vitrodrug release profile using UV-VIS Spectroscopy. Mean particle sizes were 386.6 nm, 304.7 nm, and 322.8 nm, encapsulation efficiency was 28.58%, 51.91%, and 68.78%, and zeta potential was 5.04 mV, 3.31 mV, and 5.98 mV for particles with drug/polymer ratios 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 4, respectively.In vitrodrug release profile changed from biphasic to monobasic as the drug/polymer ratio decreased from 1 : 1 to 1 : 4. Stable pralidoxime-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were produced using double emulsion solvent evaporation techniques.

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41

Cho, Y. S. "Fabrication Of Colloidal Clusters Decorated With Dye Molecules For Potential Application As Photonic Molecules." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 1221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0102.

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AbstractIn this study, colloidal clusters decorated with fluorescent dyes were fabricated by evaporation-driven self-assembly using emulsion droplets as confining geometries. Silica microspheres were synthesized by Stober method followed by the modification with dye molecules through additional surface sol-gel reaction for the formation of thin silica shell. The surface of the resultant dye-doped silica microspheres was modified with hydrophobic silane coupling agent to disperse the particle suspension in organic solvent such as hexane. The fluorescent silica microspheres were self-assembled inside oil-in-water emulsions by evaporation-driven self-assembly for the formation of colloidal clusters, potentially applicable for photonic molecules. The clusters with fluorescent emission were observed using confocal microscope.

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Nagata, Fukue, Tatsuya Miyajima, Kay Teraoka, and Yoshiyuki Yokogawa. "Preparation of Porous Poly(Lactic Acid)/Hydroxyapatite Microspheres Intended for Injectable Bone Substitutes." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 819–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.819.

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Porous biodegradable microspheres were successfully obtained by an improvement single step and surfactant-free emulsion solvent evaporation method. The organic phase composed of PLA and dichloromethane was stirred in aqueous phase including Ca2+ ions to yield oil in water emulsion. During emulsification, stirring rate was increased so as to produce the W/O/W emulsion that results in microspheres with internal pores. The interface of internal water/oil was stable in W/O/W emulsion, which was explained that the bond between Ca2+ ions and carboxyl group of poly(lactic acid) would be stabilized the internal water/oil interface. Adding PO4 3- aqueous solution prompted to precipitate low crystallized hydroxyapatite on the external oil/water interface, and the precipitated hydroxyapatite would stabilizied microspheres formation. The resulting microspheres were approximately 100-500 µm with internal spherical pores of 10-200 µm in diameter. The porous biodegradable microspheres were expected to be utilized as injectable bone substitutes that allow bone ingrowth and bone regeneration.

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Noviendri, Dedi. "Microencapsulation of Fucoxanthin by Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W) Double Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method: A Review." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 9, no. 3 (December 15, 2014): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v9i3.114.

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Fucoxanthin is a major xanthophyll present in brown seaweeds such as Sargassum binderi, S. duplicatum, Turbinaria turbinata, Padina australis, Undaria pinnatifida and Hijkia fusiformis. This carotenoid has a unique structure including oxygenic functional group such as, two hydroxy, keto, epoxy (5,6-monoepoxide), and an allenic bond. Fucoxanthin has some anticancer activities such as, exhibits inhibitory property on colon cancer cells and human hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cell line. This xanthophyll also induces apoptosis of human leukemia cancer HL-60 cells, human prostate cancer PC-3 cell, human lung cancer H1299 cell line etc. Unfortunately, the poor solubility of this carotenoid in water hinders it to be a drug candidate. Fucoxanthin is also a pigment that is sensitive to temperature and light. One of the possible ways to circumvent the problem with light and temperature is by microencapsulating it. Microencapsulation (ME) in biodegradable polymers, e.g. poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a promising approach to protect any potential drug from rapid degradation. Solvent evaporation method is the most popular technique of preparing PLGA microsphere (MS) and this technique has been extensively studied in recent years for the preparation of MS. In the water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion solvent evaporation method, stability of the primary emulsion (PE) is a critical factor. When the PE is unstable, encapsulation efficiency (EE) is low. Stability of PE can be enhanced by including emulsifying agent or stabilizers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The presence of a stabilizer/ emulsifier plays a significant role in influencing particle size (PS), external morphology of microsphere and colloidal stability.

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Lalit, Kumar Tyagi, and Lal Kori Mohan. "Development and in-vitro characterization of lornoxicam loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8, no. 9 (March 8, 2014): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2014.3984.

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Rangel de Oliveira, Roberta Carolina, and Tamara Goncalves de Araujo. "Production and characterization of low molecular weight heparin obtained by modified double emulsion method with solvent evaporation." Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal 7, no. 6 (November 8, 2019): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00263.

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Villicaña-Molina, Esmeralda, Edith Pacheco-Contreras, Ena Athenea Aguilar-Reyes, and Carlos Alberto León-Patiño. "Pectin and chitosan microsphere preparation via a water/oil emulsion and solvent evaporation method for drug delivery." International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials 69, no. 7 (March 7, 2019): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2019.1581199.

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Deng, Yiping, Fengjian Yang, Xiuhua Zhao, Lu Wang, Weiwei Wu, Chang Zu, and Mingfang Wu. "Improving the skin penetration and antifebrile activity of ibuprofen by preparing nanoparticles using emulsion solvent evaporation method." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 114 (March 2018): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.024.

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Si, Wei, Qingqing Yang, Yuan Zong, Guobin Ren, Ling Zhao, Minghuang Hong, and Zhong Xin. "Toward Understanding the Effect of Solvent Evaporation on the Morphology of PLGA Microspheres by Double Emulsion Method." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 60, no. 25 (June 17, 2021): 9196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00063.

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Ghitman, Jana, and Raluca L. Stan. "Studying the Effect of PMG on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Stability of PLGA-Vegetable Oil Hybrid Nanoparticles Obtained by Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.4.5277.

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The main goal of this research study was to understand the role of the vegetable oil in the obtaining process of nanoparticles by emulsion solvent evaporation method, respectively the effect of the vegetable oil upon the final characteristics of hybrid PLGA-pomegranate vegetable oil (PMG) nanoparticles. Colloids with mean diameter around 125.6 nm (PLGA-np) and 141.7 nm (PLGA-PMG-np) were obtained. It was noted that the addition of the vegetable oil has a key role in the primary emulsification process leading to hybrid colloids with improved the uniformity (PdI) and stability of hybrid nanoparticles.

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Katakam, Prakash, Yadagiri Phalguna, and Dommati Harinarayana. "Formulation, Characterization and In vitro Evaluation of Capecitabine Loaded Polycaprolactone-Chitosan Nanospheres." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17, no. 1 (February 21, 2015): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22309.

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The aim of this study is to formulate the capecitabine loaded nanospheres of polycaprolactone-chitosan, cross linked with Tripolyphosphate for anticancer therapy, in order to enhance the bioavailability and to reduce the dose frequency. Formulations of capecitabine loaded nanospheres were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation and solvent diffusion methods. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy studies indicated no chemical interaction between drug and polymer. Scanning electron microscopy showed nanospheres having a discrete spherial structure without aggregation. The average particle size was found as 616 ± 110 to 713 ± 115 nm. In vitro release studies were performed by the dialysis membrane method. All the drug loaded batches were follwed zero order and sustained drug release over a period of 24 hrs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22309 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(1): 18-24, 2014

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