Academic literature on the topic 'En Patufet (Barcelona, Spain)'

Four-and eight-year high school located in the heart of the Spanish city of Barcelona in place very easily accessible by public transport. Gymnasium is a direct result of an important transportation and cultural center of the city-Barcelona Diagonal, which turns on and binds both locally as well as conceptually and opens up to her room entrance and public inner courtyard. Expanding with new housing with the use of administrative costs in the current competition industriánímu character with a lot of production facilities and produces at a certain tension. Construction of a new high school significantly affects the position and will do so within the industrial district of the new feature. Whole quarter is undergoing rehabilitation and new construction of school it will enhance significantly. Architectural design Building footprint follows the historic buildings in the plan, "Cerda, trying to respond to the chaos inside the blocks and expanding modern world and shape it as clean and simple. Just as individual blocks form a mosaic plan Cerda and school as a whole offers a range of activities with a rich structure inside and works on similar principles. Relationship "and the whole" liberation shape and emphasis on the strength of a material without impairing the continuity of the whole city is a concept on which this project is based

This thesis explores the politics of the Spanish transition to democracy through the experiment in decentralised administration and citizen participation in Barcelona. Its focus is firstly on the role of citizen participation in processes of democratic transition and consolidation and, secondly, on the limits and possibilities of deepening democracy. Finally, it considers the tensions generated by attempts to create a more participatory democracy within the shell of representative liberal democracy. Chapter one provides a critical review of the literature on the Spanish transition to democracy. Chapter two provides an alternative framework, based on the concept of civil society, for understanding the process of democratisation in Spain. Chapter three analyses how associationalism has unfolded historically in Barcelona in order to build a picture of a civil society in a given social and historical context. Chapter four shows how civil society developed during the Francoist dictatorship from 1939 until 1975. Chapter five explores the process by which the political elites in Barcelona built on the legacy of the anti-Francoist opposition to create spaces and mechanisms of participation for associational activists, primarily via a process of decentralisation. Chapter six illustrates the tensions and limitations which have arisen from Barcelona's participatory experiment. The conclusion posits that it is difficult to sustain high levels of participation within a liberal democracy due to both structural and contingent limitations. However, the Barcelona experiment also shows that, notwithstanding the array of contingent and structural factors which serve to constrain participation, liberal democracies can be made more participatory.

Les espècies sinúrbiques responen a la urbanització global colonitzant gradualment les ciutats i utilitzant entorns urbans, on els factors socials i ecològics influeixen en les interaccions entre humans i vida salvatge. La falta de gestió en les interaccions entre humans-fauna salvatge condueix a conflictes que generen canvis en la dinàmica de la població animal i un augment de les despeses públiques i privades. Les poblacions de porc senglar (Sus scrofa) estan augmentant globalment, i colonitza àrees (peri)urbanes on s’associa a noves interaccions entre humans i senglars, i generen una preocupació pel risc de conflictes associats como l`epidemiològic. La sinurbització, afavorida per la disponibilitat de recursos antropogènics, augmenta l’agregació i la tolerància intraespecífica, incrementant el contacte del senglar i els ciutadans, amb el consegüent risc de transmissió de patògens. Aquesta tesi proporciona informació sobre els factors que influencien la dinàmica del porc senglar al Parc Natural de Collserola (PNC) i les estratègies de gestió més efectives per a reduir la densitat de les poblacions. A més, a través del desenvolupament d’un model basat en agents (MBA), s’analitza el sistema socio-ecològic que regeix l’ús de l’ecosistema urbà pel senglar sinúrbic i les interaccions entre senglars-humans en l’àrea (peri)urbana de Barcelona. Finalment, s’avalua el risc epidemiològic que suposa el senglar en l’àrea (peri)urbana de Barcelona, quantificant i localitzant espacialment el seu paper en el manteniment, la circulació i la disseminació espacial de patògens. Els resultats varen revelar que, en les condicions actuals, la població de senglar del PNC seguirà augmentant. L’estratègia més eficient per a reduir l’abundància de senglar va ser una combinació de reducció dels recursos alimentaris antropogènics suplementaris i l’eliminació selectiva de senglars menors de dos anys. El MBA desenvolupat va obtenir una alta precisió per a predir la magnitud i la ubicació dels moviments del senglar en comparació amb els informes d’observacions de senglar a la ciutat de Barcelona. El MBA va predir 115 episodis d’atac i 1442 episodis d’alimentació directa durant un any de simulació. El bon acompliment del MBA reflecteix el valor d’aquest prototipus com model predictiu per a detectar àrees prioritàries d’interaccions i conflictes entre humans i senglars. Aquesta tesi també descriu una expansió epidemiològica del MBA, amb l’objectiu d’avaluar diferents escenaris epidemiològics que podrien ser utilitzats en l’avaluació del risc per a la salut pública, i donar suport a la presa de decisions, de tres patògens rellevants a la interfície entre animals salvatges-domèstics-humans: el virus de l’hepatitis E (VHE), Campylobacter resistent a antimicrobians (CB-RA) i el virus de la pesta porcina africana (PPA). En l’escenari de PPA, tota la població de senglar va estar exposada al virus de 51 a 71 dies després del cas índex. La transmissió del virus de la PPA va estar determinada pels cadàvers (87,6%) dels casos i per contacto directe (12,6%). El brot va durar entre 71-124 dies, reduint la població inicial en un 95%. Els resultats del model d’exposició ciutadana per al VHE i CB-RA (segons el model, 457 i 462 humans haurien contactat amb el patogen, respectivament) varen coincidir amb les estimacions de l’Organització Mundial de la Salut (480 per a HEV i entre 264 i 558 per a CB-RA) per a la població i temps estimats. A pesar de la diferència en la prevalença de patògens (20% i 60% per a HEV i CB-RA, respectivament) a la població de seglar, el número similar de ciutadans exposats en cada escenari suggereix un paper determinant de les femtes en la transmissió d’aquests patògens, el que resulta en un risc significant per a la salut pública.
Las especies sinúrbicas responden a la urbanización global colonizando gradualmente las ciudades y utilizando entornos urbanos, donde los factores sociales y ecológicos influyen en las interacciones entre humanos y vida silvestre. La falta de gestión en las interacciones entre humanos-fauna salvaje conduce a conflictos que generan cambios en la dinámica de la población animal y un aumento de los gastos públicos y privados. Las poblacionales de jabalí (Sus scrofa) están aumentando globalmente, y colonizan áreas (peri)urbanas, donde se asocia a nuevas interacciones entre humanos y jabalíes, y generan preocupación por el riesgo de conflictos asociados como el epidemiológico. La sinurbización, favorecida por la disponibilidad de recursos antropogénicos, aumenta la agregación y la tolerancia intraespecífica, incrementando el contacto del jabalí y los ciudadanos, con el consiguiente riesgo de transmisión de patógenos. Esta tesis proporciona información sobre los factores que influyen en la dinámica del jabalí en el Parque Natural de Collserola (PNC) y las estrategias de gestión más efectivas para reducir la densidad de las poblaciones. Además, a través del desarrollo de un modelo basado en agentes (MBA), se analiza el sistema socio-ecológico que rige el uso del ecosistema urbano por el jabalí sinúrbico y las interacciones jabalíes-humanos en el área (peri)urbana de Barcelona. Finalmente, se evalúa el riesgo epidemiológico que supone el jabalí en el área (peri)urbana de Barcelona, cuantificando y localizando espacialmente su papel en el mantenimiento, la circulación y la diseminación espacial de patógenos. Los resultados revelaron que, en las condiciones actuales, la población de jabalí del PNC seguirá aumentando. La estrategia más eficiente para reducir la abundancia de jabalí fue una combinación de la reducción de los recursos alimenticios antropogénicos y la eliminación selectiva de jabalíes menores de dos años. El MBA obtuvo una alta precisión para predecir la magnitud y ubicación de los movimientos del jabalí en comparación con los informes de observaciones de jabalí en la ciudad de Barcelona. El MBA predijo 115 eventos de ataque y 1442 eventos de alimentación directa durante un año de simulación. El buen desempeño del MBA refleja el valor de este prototipo como modelo predictivo para detectar áreas prioritarias de interacciones y conflictos humanos y jabalíes. Esta tesis también describe una expansión epidemiológica del MBA, con el objetivo de evaluar diferentes escenarios epidemiológicos que podrían ser utilizados en la evaluación del riesgo para la salud pública, y respaldar la toma de decisiones, de tres patógenos relevantes en la interfaz entre animales salvajes-domésticos-humanos: el virus de la hepatitis E (VHE), Campylobacter resistente a antimicrobianos (CB-RA) y el virus de la peste porcina africana (PPA). En el escenario de PPA, toda la población de jabalí estuvo expuesta al virus de 51 a 71 días después del caso índice. La transmisión del virus de la PPA estuvo mediada por cadáveres (87,6%) y por contacto directo (12,6%). El brote duró entre 71-124 días, reduciendo la población inicial en un 95%. Los resultados del modelo de exposición ciudadana para VHE y CB-RA (según el modelo, 457 y 462 humanos habrían contactado con el patógeno, respectivamente) coincidieron con las estimaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (480 para VHE y entre 264 y 558 para CB-RA) para la población y tiempo estimados. A pesar de la diferencia en la prevalencia de patógenos (20% y 60% para VHE y CB-RA, respectivamente) en la población de jabalí, el número similar de ciudadanos expuestos en cada escenario sugiere el papel principal de las heces en la transmisión de estos patógenos, lo que resulta en un riesgo significante para la salud pública.
Synurbic species respond to global urbanization by gradually colonizing cities and using urban environments, where social and ecological factors drive close human-wildlife interactions. The lack of management in the human-wildlife interactions leads to conflicts which generate changes in animal population dynamics and an increase in public and private expenses. The population densities of wild boar (WB, Sus scrofa) are increasing globally thanks to its great adaptability and plastic behavior, WB is spreading into (peri)urban areas. In these areas, WB presence is associated to new close human-WB interactions, which generate an increasing concern regarding the epidemiological risk for public health and other associated conflicts. Synurbization favored by the availability of anthropogenic food resources, increases aggregation and intraspecific tolerance, enhancing the contact rates of synurbic WB and citizens, with the consequent risk of pathogen transmission. This thesis provides insights into the drivers of WB dynamics in the Collserola Natural Park (CNP), and the most effective management strategies to reduce WB population density. Furthermore, through the development of an agent-based model, the social-ecological system driving the use of the urban ecosystem by synurbic WB and the human- WB interactions in the (peri)urban area of Barcelona are analysed. Finally, the epidemiological risk posed by WB in the (peri)urban area of Barcelona is evaluated, quantifying and spatially locating their role in the maintenance, circulation and spatial spread of pathogens. The results revealed that, under the current conditions, the CNP WB population will continue to increase. The most efficient strategy to reduce WB abundance was a combination of reducing supplementary anthropogenic food resources and selective removal of WB under two years of age. The agent-based model developed, obtained high accuracy to predict the magnitude and location of WB movements as compared to reports of WB observations in the city of Barcelona. The model predicted 115 attack events and 1442 direct feeding events during one year of simulation. The good performance of the model reflects the value of this prototype as predictive model to detect priority areas of human-WB interactions and conflicts. This thesis also describes an epidemiological expansion of agent-based model, to test different epidemiological scenarios that could be used in the evaluation of risk for public health, and support decision-making, of three relevant pathogens at risk of transmission at the wild-domestic-human interface: hepatitis E virus (HEV), antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter (AR-CB) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). In the ASFV scenario, the entire WB population was exposed to the virus 51 to 71 days after the index case. ASFV transmission was mediated by carcasses in 87.6% of the cases and by direct contact in the remaining 12.6%. The outbreak lasted between 71 and 124 days, reducing 95% of the initial population. Model outputs of citizen exposition for HEV and AR-CB (according to the model, 457and 462 humans would have contacted the pathogen, respectively) were in agreement with the World Health Organization estimations (480 for HEV and 264 to 558for AR-CB) for the modelled human population in the estimated time extent. Despite the difference in the prevalence of pathogens (20% and 60% for HEV and AR-CB, respectively) in the WB population, the similar number of exposed citizens in each pathogen scenario, suggest the major role of feces in the transmission of these pathogens, resulting consequently in a significant risk to public health. The models developed could be useful also to assess the efficacy, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of potential management strategies, as well as to evaluate the spread, transmission risks, and epidemiological implications for the WB population and for public health of different WB pathogens.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biodiversitat

This thesis explores Argentine migratory experiences in Barcelona, Spain. Paying specific attention to the cultural adjustments migrants have made upon arrival, it considers food choices, habits, and social tastes in order to gain insight into how identity is impacted upon migration. Given that Argentines form one of the biggest migrant communities in Barcelona, and that they hold various cultural and ethnic similarities to their Spanish counterparts, their experiences upon arrival present a particularly interesting topic of inquiry. Based on first-hand accounts, participatory observation, fieldwork, and media research, I argue that the nature of Argentine identity in Barcelona is fluid and situational; always subject to change, it is not fixed and cannot be categorized. While all migrants, to some extent, experience socio-cultural shifts, different situations may cause individuals to emphasize particular facets of their multifarious identity. Food habits both reflect and play a part in shaping these adjustments.

This PhD research is based on a 5 month-long participant observation with a total of 18 undocumented migrants of African origin that were residing at an emergency accommodation in Barcelona, Spain between February and July 2010. Study participants had arrived at this flat, managed by a migrant support association, after their available social networks, on which they depended for shared accommodation arrangements, disbanded under negative pressure caused by the 2008 global economic crisis. They were consequently left without the possibility of relying on familiar support to cope with the effects of the economic recession. In this adverse economic context, it was, therefore, essentially important for them to rebuild their relational support systems, to facilitate their exit from destitution. They could not depend on public supports beyond room and board offered at the emergency accommodation because of their undocumented status. However, in this new life setting, study participants faced the challenge of having to consider relationship opportunities with individuals at the flat or in the community who were previously socially distant, as they did not belong to their tight-knit social networks. The fact that study participants showed marked differences in social connectivity while facing this challenge, stimulated research interest in understanding the reasons behind these differences. The social-ecological paradigm of community psychology was selected as an appropriate theoretical framework to approach this topic, as it draws attention to the multilevel factors that could influence study participants’ attitudes towards social connection across ethnic boundaries. Application of participant observation methodology as the core data collection strategy allowed use of complementary methods of data collection as were deemed useful to answer the research questions, like informal conversations with different study participants, a weekly support group with all residents, weekend outings with all who wished to participate and, finally, Focus Group Interviews on the topic of interpersonal trust. The research found that undocumented migrants hold high expectations on trust in their social relationships in response to perceived risk in the transnational context, where they face continuous threats of arrest, detention, and deportation. For this reason, they concentrate their social relationships on available undocumented migrant social networks, which, because members usually belong to the same country of origin, allow them to activate culturally-bound social mechanisms that ensure satisfaction of their high trust expectations. When these networks are no longer available, some undocumented migrants may experience difficulties to adjust their trust expectations as necessary to form relationships with non-network members. However, some display a fundamental willingness to cooperate with others over and above usual trust considerations, which appears to constitute a key personal asset to maintain social connection in crisis situations. This research concludes by outlining the implications of this finding for psychosocial support practice with undocumented migrants and members of other socially vulnerable groups, like refugees and asylum seekers, who could benefit from heightened cooperation to enhance social connectivity in critical situations.

The proposal for place like the district of Poblenou is a great adventure. The blocks of the famous urban Plan Cerda closest inside in itself dramatic history of old industrial era, when they have called Barcelona " The Manchester Of Catalunya ". And here I ask myself the question. What does the word landscape in this environment? How to apply to old buildings and chimneys of the idea of the archetype of landscape? Is it just those elements that had nurtured almost all Catalunya? They can be roof now abandoned industrial buildings become something else? The new facade?A Sea? A Landscape ?

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-239). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Abstract This chapter uses as a case Spanish cities such as Madrid, Palma de Mallorca, Bilbao, Seville, Valencia and Barcelona, to explore the role that degrowth social movement actors and ideas have played in protest action directed at the tourism sector in recent years. The authors identify important episodes of contestation in which degrowth activists have been present. Particularly after 2015, the Neighbourhood Assembly for Sustainable Tourism, a degrowth-inspired association made up of grassroots organizations, assemblies and groups, has made several efforts to reduce the flow of tourists to Barcelona in an attempt to reverse the damaging social, economic, cultural and environmental effects that mass tourism is having on the city. In its attempt to explore various degrowth issues, the chapter sets out a conceptual framework that draws from key literature in the field of political discourse analysis, Althusserian treatment of ideology and interpellation, and work on degrowth and tourism.

Abstract This chapter uses as a case Spanish cities such as Madrid, Palma de Mallorca, Bilbao, Seville, Valencia and Barcelona, to explore the role that degrowth social movement actors and ideas have played in protest action directed at the tourism sector in recent years. The authors identify important episodes of contestation in which degrowth activists have been present. Particularly after 2015, the Neighbourhood Assembly for Sustainable Tourism, a degrowth-inspired association made up of grassroots organizations, assemblies and groups, has made several efforts to reduce the flow of tourists to Barcelona in an attempt to reverse the damaging social, economic, cultural and environmental effects that mass tourism is having on the city. In its attempt to explore various degrowth issues, the chapter sets out a conceptual framework that draws from key literature in the field of political discourse analysis, Althusserian treatment of ideology and interpellation, and work on degrowth and tourism.