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1
Aziza, Noor Laili, Noorkomala Sari, and Sofiya Irsalina. "Aktivitas Antagonistik Cendawan Endofit Asal Bunga Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) terhadap Fusarium sp. yang Menginfeksi Tanaman Cabai." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 17, no. 5 (2022): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.17.5.210-215.
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Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium spp. merupakan penyakit penting dalam budi daya cabai. Salah satu cara potensial untuk mengendalikan penyakit tanaman ialah menggunakan agens hayati seperti cendawan endofit dari tanaman obat. Bawang dayak termasuk tanaman obat yang bersifat antibakteri, anticendawan, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antagonistik cendawan endofit yang berasal dari bunga bawang dayak terhadap cendawan patogen Fusarium spp. Sebanyak tujuh belas isolat cendawan endofit berhasil diperoleh dari bunga bawang dayak, yaitu isolat EnA, EnB, EnC, EnD, EnE, EnF, EnG, EnH, EnI, EnJ, EnK, EnL, EnM, EnN, EnO, EnP, dan EnQ. Lima dari tujuh belas isolat, yaitu EnA, EnF, EnI, EnJ, dan EnK digunakan untuk uji antagonisme terhadap Fusarium spp. dengan metode dual kultur. Penghambatan pertumbuhan koloni Fusarium spp. yang disebabkan oleh isolat EnA, EnF, EnI, EnJ, dan EnK berturut-turut sebesar 67.6%, 53.15%, 77.25%, 70,42% dan 67.1%.
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Kokilananthan, Shanthirasekaram, Vajira P. Bulugahapitiya, Harshi Manawadu, and Chinthaka Sanath Gangabadage. "A Comparative Study of Various Extraction Techniques for Extracting Antioxidant-Rich Phytoconstituents from Eryngium foetidum Leaves Utilizing Spectrophotometric and HPLC Applications." Malaysian Journal of Science 44, no. 1 (2025): 16–27. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol44no1.3.
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Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae) is known to possess many healthcare properties and has been used in the traditional system of medicine for various health issues. Despite that less scientific data on its photochemistry and antioxidant properties is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to document the photochemistry and antioxidant properties of leaves by following different extraction techniques to extract the plant constituents. Sonication (EN1), Soxhlet (EN2), maceration (EN3), and maceration with heat (EN4) were used as the extraction techniques while water was used as the extracting solvent. The HPLC method with a PDA detector was developed to compare the phytochemicals profile under each technique. The antioxidant capacities and content of saponins (SC), terpenoids (TC), flavonoids (TFC), tannins (TTC), alkaloids (AC), and polyphenolics (TPC) were determined spectrophotometrically. The EN2 and EN4 methods were identified using the HPLC-PDA application as yielding the highest overall results and giving a wide range of phytochemicals. The quantitative analyses resulted in high SC, TTC, TC, and TPC in the EN4 extraction process (185.84±0.54 mg SE/g, 36.99±0.64 mg TAE/g, 0.89±0.01 mM LE/g, and 37.37±0.65 mg GAE/g, respectively) and low in the EN1. TFC levels in EN2 were high (11.84±0.14 mg QE/g), whereas it was low in EN3. Furthermore, AC was higher in the extraction method EN3 (1.67±0.01 mg AE/g) and lower in the extraction technique EN2. The total antioxidant capacity was higher in the EN4 extract (47.17±0.20 mg Trolox Eq/g) and lower in the EN1 extract. The lowest IC50 in the 2,2′-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was noted for EN3 extract (12.91±0.02 mg/mL) revealing the highest scavenging activity than the other extracts. Based on HPLC and spectrophotometric analyses, maceration with heat (EN4) is recommended for efficiently extracting polyphenols and antioxidants from E. foetidum leaves. The application of heat would also improve the extraction efficiency of phytochemicals.
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Shen, Dan, Songlei Xue, Shuheng Chan, et al. "Enhancer Trapping and Annotation in Zebrafish Mediated with Sleeping Beauty, piggyBac and Tol2 Transposons." Genes 9, no. 12 (2018): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9120630.
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Although transposon-mediated enhancer trapping (ET) is successfully applied in diverse models, the efficiency of various transposon systems varies significantly, and little information is available regarding efficiency of enhancer trapping by various transposons in zebrafish. Most potential enhancers (Ens) still lack evidence of actual En activity. Here, we compared the differences in ET efficiency between sleeping beauty (SB), piggyBac (PB) and Tol2 transposons. Tol2 represented the highest germline transfer efficiencies at 55.56% (NF0 = 165), followed by SB (38.36%, NF0 = 151) and PB (32.65%, NF0 = 149). ET lines generated by the Tol2 transposon tended to produce offspring with a single expression pattern per line, while PB and SB tended to generate embryos with multiple expression patterns. In our tests, 10 putative Ens (En1–10) were identified by splinkerette PCR and comparative genomic analysis. Combining the GFP expression profiles and mRNA expression patterns revealed that En1 and En2 may be involved in regulation of the expression of dlx1a and dlx2a, while En6 may be involved in regulation of the expression of line TK4 transgene and rps26, and En7 may be involved in the regulation of the expression of wnt1 and wnt10b. Most identified Ens were found to be transcribed in zebrafish embryos, and their regulatory function may involve eRNAs.
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Džino, Jasmina, Faris Trešnjo, Merima Šahinagić-Isović, and Salko Kulukčija. "Condition diagnostics of the Stadium “Rođeni” in Mostar." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1208, no. 1 (2021): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1208/1/012041.
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Abstract The paper presents a diagnosis of the condition of the stadium FK Velež “Rođeni” in Mostar, which was built in period 2006-2008 and represents an important facility for the citizens of Mostar. The steps in diagnosing the condition of an existing structure are explained, including a collection of existing documentation, an inspection of the structure, test and calculations, and assessment and decision on further action. Drawings of the stadium were given, visual inspection of the stadium was performed and calculations of the current and future layout of the structure. The calculations were performed in software Tower 8 and with respect to European norms EN0, EN1, EN2, EN3 and EN8. A visual inspection revealed a large number of damages to the stadium, which were classified into specific groups. The mechanisms of destruction and classification were performed using EN 1504.
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Zakry, FAA, P. Ammal, M. Malahubban, A. R. Faridah, and A. H. M. Umar. "Selecting the most effective plant growth-promoting bacteria from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) roots." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 3 (2019): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i3.43208.
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A total of 30 bacterial isolates were isolated from soil, rhizoplane, and internal tissue of oil palm roots. The isolates were qualitatively tested for their potential to fix N2, solubilize inorganic P and K, and produce phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid. Of the 30 isolates, six isolates were able to exhibit multiple beneficial traits. All six isolates were then identified based on fatty acid methyl esters profile as Escherichia coli strain EX2, Serratia sp. strain EN1, Pantoea ananatis strain EN3, Bacillus sp. strain EN5, Pantoea ananatis strain EN8 and Pantoea sp. strain EN9. Subsequently, all shortlisted isolates were evaluated for plant growth-promoting potential by using shallot as a test plant. The plant test showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between inoculated and uninoculated plants except for Pantoea sp. strain EN9 inoculation which increased significantly (p<0.05) total root length over uninoculated control. Host specificity and IAA capacity of the isolates may be among the important factors affecting their effectiveness in plant growth promotion.
 J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 344–348, 2019
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Tan, Kang, Abu Bakkar Siddik, Farid Ahammad Sobhani, Muhammad Hamayun, and Mohammad Masukujjaman. "Do Environmental Strategy and Awareness Improve Firms’ Environmental and Financial Performance? The Role of Competitive Advantage." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (2022): 10600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710600.
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Drawing upon the natural-resource-based view (NRBV), this study assesses the role of environmental strategy (ENS) and environmental awareness (ENA) in enhancing firms’ environmental and financial performance. Additionally, we hypothesize a mediating role of firms’ competitive advantage among these associations. We analyze several hypothesized relationships using survey data from 240 Bangladeshi manufacturing SMEs. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) findings suggest that environmental strategy strongly affects organizational competitive advantage and environmental performance. We also observe that environmental awareness substantially affects competitive advantage and environmental and financial performance. Finally, our statistical findings reveal that competitive advantage mediates the linkage between ENS and ENP as well as ENA and ENP. However, ENS was found to have an insignificant effect on firms’ financial performance. These crucial findings extend the NRBV, ENS, and ENA literature. Our research provides managers of manufacturing organizations and policymakers with a valuable model for managing environmental strategy and environmental awareness to enhance environmental and financial performance. It may assist manufacturing SME managers in strengthening their internal resources, such as ENS and ENA, to improve their competitive advantage and organizational outcomes.
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Li, Gang, Jinli Zhang, Jia Liu, Yu Xi, and Honggang Kou. "Pullout Bearing Capacity of End-Bearing Torpedo Anchors in Cohesive Soil Seabed." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 8 (2023): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081548.
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As a new type of deep-sea anchoring foundation, thetorpedo anchor has the characteristics of simple installation, low cost, and high bearing capacity. Compared with the torpedo anchor without an anchor wing, the end-bearing torpedo anchor forms pile end resistance using a bearing plate, thus further improving its uplift bearing capacity. By conducting the pullout model test of torpedo anchors, we have compared and analyzed the effects of the pullout angle and bearing-plate radius on the bearing characteristics of T, EN3, EN4, and EC types of torpedo anchors. Based on the model test results, we established the V-H envelope of torpedo-anchor bearing capacity using the regression analysis method. The results show that when the displacement is small, the load-displacement curve of the torpedo anchor increases in an approximately linear mode, and the curve fluctuates and gradually entersa stable state with the gradual increase of the displacement. With the increasing pullout angle, the bearing capacity of the torpedo anchor increases first and then decreases. When the pullout angle is 45°, the torpedo anchor has the maximum bearing capacity. When the pullout angle is constant, the order of bearing capacity generated by different types of torpedo anchors is as follows: EC > EN4 > EN3 > T, and the bearing capacity rises with the increasing bearing-plate area. Through regression analysis, it is concluded that for the torpedo anchors of T, EN3, EN4, and EC types, the V-H envelope of bearing capacity shows an outward convex trend, and the determination coefficient reaches 0.930, indicating that the established V-H envelope is suitable for predicting the bearing capacity of torpedo anchors.
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Sumar, Hadi Suryo. "Atmega328p microcontroller based biometric starting system design for caterpillar D3k dozer heavy operators." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 1 (2022): 001–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7664546.
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Heavy equipment industry is an employment sector with potentially high rate of accidents, which might occur due to the operator's own fault, where he or she does not have competence in operating such an equipment. This operator's fault accident ranks number two after that of the mechanic's accident rate, which is the focus of this research. In line with the latest digital electronic development, companies have been able to solve problems confronted with operators, one of which is through the application of biometric authorization device, which has been expected to be able to reduce the rate in the industrial accidents in heavy equipment rental. This device works by requiring authorization of the operator without inserting the manually inserted ignition key to the machine, but the operator's fingerprint that has been authorized into the system to operate such a machine. This, in turn, Will be able to reduce risks of getting an accident among operators. Fingerprint has its function to recognize the operator's identity as well as password to the electronic Ignition key to the machine that not everybody can get access to operating the machine to start it up. Design of this electronically control device is to produce biometrically engine start-up replacing the currently recognize Ignition switch to crank and switch off the engine using microcontroller ATmega328P system. Results of the study gained from the tests based on the standard operating procedures show based on the standard Operating procedures show a 100% success without any obstacles.
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Linstädter, Jörg, and Gregor Wagner. "The Early Neolithic Pottery of Ifri Oudadane, NE Morocco – Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence." Journal of African Archaeology 11, no. 2 (2013): 155–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10242.
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This paper presents the Early and Late Neolithic pottery of Ifri Oudadane, a littoral shelter in Northeast Morocco containing both Epipalaeolithic as well as Neolithic deposits. The transition is indicated by the appearance of domesticated plant and animal species, pottery and diverse changes in lithic technology. A domesticated lentil dated to 7.6 ka cal BP may mark the onset of this transitional process. With the help of 22 14C-ages the Early Neolithic deposit can be subdivided in three phases (ENA, ENB, ENC). In addition, the ENC phase contained the remains of a sporadic Late Neolithic occupation. Pottery decoration of the initial ENA phase (7.6–7.3 ka cal BP) is dominated by single Cardium impressions forming horizontal and vertical bands of impressions arranged vertical, horizontal or oblique. The successive ENB phase represents the main occupation phase between 7.1 and 6.6 ka cal BP. By means of statistical methods its assemblage, which consists of 243 vessel units, could be further subdivided (ENB1, ENB2). While ENB1 (7.1–6.9 ka cal BP) is still characterised by single Cardium impressions, the transition to ENB2 is marked by the appearance of Cardium and, later, comb impressions made using rocker stamp technique as well as a few impressions of points and spatulas, striations and modelled applications. Thus the pottery assemblage of Ifri Oudadane offers insights into the first occurrence of pottery in Mediterranean Northwest Africa and opens up the possibility for an internal classification of the Early Neolithic.
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Naranjo-Guerrero, Luisa Fernanda, Nancy Rodríguez-Colorado, and Cesar Augusto Uron-Castro. "Caracterización bromatológica de pastos en seis municipios del Departamento de Norte de Santander; Colombia." Scientia et Technica 27, no. 4 (2023): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22517/23447214.24725.
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El análisis bromatológico de los pastos es importante debido a que son la principal fuente de alimentación de los sistemas ganaderos en Norte de Santander y en general del país. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una caracterización bromatológica de pastos en seis municipios de Norte de Santander. Se evaluaron diez pastos con edades promedios entre los 29 y 47 días para determinar si existían diferencias en la composición nutricional de dichas especies forrajeras en los seis municipios. Fueron evaluadas las variables proteína cruda (PC), extracto etéreo, ceniza, lignina, celulosa, hemicelulosa, FDN, FDA, los contenidos de macro y micronutrientes y la valoración energética. Se encontró que el pasto y el municipio, influyen en la mayoría de las variables de calidad nutricional evaluadas. El Kikuyo presento las mayores medias de PC (12,84 %) y ceniza (11,96 %) y el Maralfalfa presento los valores medios más altos de energía (ENL = 1338,66 kcal/kg, ENM = 1434 kcal/kg y ENG = 713,66 kcal/kg). Pamplona presento los valores medios más altos de PC (12,84 %) y ceniza (11,96 %) y Chinácota los valores medios más altos para energía ( ENL = 1390,03 kcal/kg, ENM = 1495 kcal/kg y ENG = 774,38 kcal/kg). Se logro reconocer los valores de calidad nutricional y los contenidos de energía, de macro y micronutrientes asociados a los pastos predominantes en las 210 fincas de los seis municipios de Norte de Santander, encontrando que la mayoría de las variables bromatológicas están influenciadas por la especie forrajera y el municipio.
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Ismail, Mahmoud M., Zenat Ahmed, Amal F. Abdel-Gawad, and Mona Mohamed. "Toward Supply Chain 5.0: An Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Models for Sustainable and Resilience Enterprise." Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering 7, no. 1 (2023): 160–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/dmame712024955.
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The enterprises and their supply chain (SC) have undergone significant changes because of the highly complex business environment, dynamism, environmental change, ideas like globalization, and increased rivalry of enterprises in the national and worldwide arena. Additionally, pandemics and crises caused SC disruptions for enterprises. Thus, an enterprise’s SC must constantly be ready to face various obstacles and unpredictable environmental changes. In an era of growing technological advancement, enterprises and their strategies are transforming toward sustainable and resilient SC. For this reason, this study embraces the notion of utilizing technologies such as Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics (BDA) as branches of intelligence techniques of Industry 4.0 (Ind 4.0) and, thereafter, Industry 5.0 (Ind 5.0). Thus, the study contributes to constructing an appraiser model for appraising the enterprises that employ these technologies and techniques in their SC to be sustainable resilience in another meaning resilience supply chain (ReSSC). This model utilized best worst method (BWM) under the governing of Single-valued triangular neutrosophic sets (SVTNSs) to generate an appraiser model. Whereas SVNSs applied in the comparative analysis as a comparative model with the cooperation of AHP, TOPSIS, and WSM to validate our constructed model. The findings of the appraiser model based on MCDM merging with SVTNSs and the comparative model based on MCDM integrated with SVNSs agreed that the optimal key indicator six is securing of data (KI6); otherwise, Key Indicator three is transparency (KI3). Also, these models agreed to recommend enterprises from optimal to worst as En1> En4> En2> En3. From the results of the two models, En1 is the most sustainable and resilient. Contrary, En 3 is the least.
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Han, Xiaomin, Wenjing Xu, Jing Zhang, Jin Xu, and Fengqin Li. "Natural Occurrence of Beauvericin and Enniatins in Corn- and Wheat-Based Samples Harvested in 2017 Collected from Shandong Province, China." Toxins 11, no. 1 (2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010009.
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Totals of 158 corn and corn-based samples and 291 wheat and wheat-based samples from Shandong province, China in 2017 were analyzed for five mycotoxins including beauvericin (BEA), enniatin A (ENA), enniatin A1 (ENA1), enniatin B (ENB), and enniatin B1 (ENB1) by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). BEA was the predominant toxin detected, followed by ENB, ENA1, ENA, and ENB1. Corn and corn-based samples were more easily contaminated by BEA with an average concentration of 65.26 µg/kg, compared with that in wheat and wheat-based samples (average = 0.41 µg/kg). Concentrations of BEA, ENA, and ENB1 in corn kernels, flours, and flakes were significantly different (Kruskal–Wallis Test, p < 0.05), as well as for BEA, ENA, ENB, and ENB1 in wheat kernels, flours, and noodles (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.05). Furthermore, 59.5% (94/158) and 59.8% (174/291) corn- and wheat-based samples were co-contaminated by at least two mycotoxins, respectively. Positive correlations in concentrations were observed in corn between levels of ENA and ENB1, ENA and ENB, ENA1 and ENB1, as well as in wheat between BEA and ENA, BEA and ENA1, BEA and ENB, BEA and ENB1, ENA and ENA1, ENA and ENB, ENA and ENB1, ENA1 and ENB, ENA1 and ENB1, and ENB and ENB1. These results demonstrate that co-contamination of BEA and enniatins (ENNs) in corn- and wheat-based samples from Shandong, China is very common. More data on the contamination of five mycotoxins in cereal and cereal-based samples nationwide are needed.
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Xu, Wenjing, Jiang Liang, Jing Zhang, et al. "Natural Occurrence and Co-Occurrence of Beauvericin and Enniatins in Wheat Kernels from China." Toxins 16, no. 7 (2024): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16070290.
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A total of 769 wheat kernels collected from six provinces in China were analyzed for beauvericin (BEA) and four enniatins (ENNs), namely, ENA, ENA1, ENB and ENB1, using a solid phase extraction (SPE) technique with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results show that the predominant toxin was BEA, which had a maximum of 387.67 μg/kg and an average of 37.69 μg/kg. With regard to ENNs, the prevalence and average concentrations of ENB and ENB1 were higher than those of ENA and ENA1. The geographical distribution of BEA and ENNs varied. Hubei and Shandong exhibited the highest and lowest positive rates of BEA and ENNs (13.46% and 87.5%, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed among these six provinces. There was a co-occurrence of BEA and ENNs, and 42.26% of samples were simultaneously detected with two or more toxins. Moreover, a significant linear correlation in concentrations was observed between the four ENN analogs (r range: 0.75~0.96, p < 0.05). This survey reveals that the contamination and co-contamination of BEA and ENNs in Chinese wheat kernels were very common.
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Goubard, Armelle, François Clavel, Fabrizio Mammano, and Béatrice Labrosse. "In vivo selection by enfuvirtide of HIV type-1 env quasispecies with optimal potential for phenotypic expression of HR1 mutations." Antiviral Therapy 14, no. 4 (2008): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350901400409.
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Background HIV type-1 (HIV-1) resistance to enfuvirtide (ENF) is mediated by mutations in the HR1 domain of gp41. We have previously shown that some of these mutations are selected in the context of env backgrounds that are not dominant before exposure to ENF, suggesting that particular env environments could facilitate phenotypic expression of HR1-mediated ENF resistance. Methods Envelope clones, representing the viral quasispecies present in the longitudinal follow-up of a patient who failed ENF-based salvage therapy, were tested for ENF susceptibility and Env-related replicative capacity. ENF resistance mutations in HR1 were introduced or back-mutated in representative clones to evaluate their phenotypic effect in different genetic contexts. Results The ENF resistance levels produced by the introduction of mutation V38A in pretherapeutic env sequences were significantly lower than those of env clones harvested after viral escape, and in which V38A was naturally selected. Back-mutation of V38A from these clones resulted in a strong loss in ENF resistance, but these clones retained significant residual resistance, again strongly suggesting the role of determinants outside of HR1 in HIV-1 resistance to ENF. By contrast with changes in resistance, addition or removal of HR1 mutations in env clones had little effect on viral replicative capacity. Conclusions The development of ENF resistance in vivo is a concerted coevolutionary process whereby HR1 mutations are selected within env variants that permit their optimal phenotypic expression.
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Kanase, Vanita, and Diptesh T Patil. "EVALUATION OF IN VIVO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EULOPHIA NUDA L." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 12 (2018): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.27051.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of an aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried tubers of Eulophia nuda (ENA and ENE).Methods: Effect of both the extracts was evaluated on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, serum antibody response, and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in Swiss albino mice.Results: The extracts showed stimulation of DTH reaction in mice in response to T-cell dependent antigen by both ENE () and ENA (); significant increase in serum antibody titer at of ENA (768.01) and ENE (768.33) extract at 200 mg/kg, compared to control group (213.33); Combined treatment of ENA+Cytochromes P450 [CYP]-25 mg/kg and ENE+CYP-25mg/kg (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) doses of ENA and ENE each with 25 mg/kg resulted in restoration of bone marrow activity as compared with CYP treatment alone.Conclusion: Both specific and non-specific immunostimulating properties of the ENE and ENA tubers in in vivo experimental methods suggest its therapeutic usefulness in immunocompromised conditions.
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Ray, Neelanjana, Jessamina E. Harrison, Leslie A. Blackburn, Jeffrey N. Martin, Steven G. Deeks, and Robert W. Doms. "Clinical Resistance to Enfuvirtide Does Not Affect Susceptibility ofHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Other Classes of Entry Inhibitors." Journal of Virology 81, no. 7 (2007): 3240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02413-06.
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ABSTRACT The clinical use of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (ENF) can select for drug-resistant HIV-1 strains bearing mutations in the HR1 region of the viral envelope (Env) protein. We analyzed the properties of multiple Env proteins isolated from five patients who experienced an initial decline in viral load after ENF therapy followed by subsequent rebound due to emergence of ENF-resistant HIV-1. Prior to ENF therapy, each patient harbored genetically and phenotypically diverse Env proteins that used CCR5 and/or CXCR4 to elicit membrane fusion. Coreceptor usage patterns of the Envs isolated from two patients underwent homogenization following ENF therapy, whereas in the other three patients, recombination appeared to allow the introduction of a single HR1 sequence with ENF resistance mutations into phenotypically distinct Env proteins. Analysis of individual Env clones also revealed that prior to ENF therapy, there was sometimes marked heterogeneity in the susceptibility of individual Env proteins to coreceptor inhibitors. After virologic failure, all Envs acquired resistance to ENF but exhibited no consistent change in their sensitivity to the fusion inhibitor T-1249 or to coreceptor inhibitors. In summary, using patient-derived Env proteins, we found that ENF failure was associated with emergence of high-level resistance to ENF due largely to mutations in HR1 but that susceptibility to other entry inhibitors was unaffected, that in these late-stage patients there was greater clonal variability to coreceptor than to fusion inhibitors, and that recombination events in vivo could sometimes restore Env genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity by introducing drug-resistant gp41 sequences into heterologous gp120 backgrounds.
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Hamdan, Mager, Luis Rojas, Ysbelia Obregón, et al. "Derivados hemisintéticos del ent-kaurenol y evaluación de su actividad antimicrobiana." Revista de la Facultad de Farmacia 64, no. 1 (2022): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53766/refa/2022.64.01.03.
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La obtención de seis nuevos derivados hemisintéticos a partir de ent-kaurenol (I), se realizó mediante la reacción de esterificación de Steglich empleando los ácidos p-cloro-fenil-acético, o-cloro-fenil-acético, m-cloro-fenil-acético, p-bromo-fenil-acético, nicotínico y salicílico; utilizando la combinación de diciclohexilcarbodiimida (DCC, agente de acoplamiento), 4-dimetilaminopiridina (DMAP, catalizador nucleofílico) y como solvente el diclorometano. Todos los compuestos fueron caracterizados mediante técnicas espectroscópicas de IR y RMN uni y bidimensionales, lográndose identificar como ent-kaur-19-O-[2’-(p-cloro-fenil)-carboximetil]-16-eno (II), ent-kaur-19-O-[2´-(o-cloro-fenil)-carboximetil]-16-eno (III), ent-kaur-19-O-[2’-(m-cloro-fenil)-carboximetil]-16-eno (IV), ent-kaur-19-O-[2’-(p-bromo-fenil)-carboximetil]-16-eno (V), ent-kaur-19-O-(m-piridil-carboxil)-16-eno (VI) y ent-kaur-19-O-(o-hidroxi-fenil-carboxil)-16-eno (VII). Estos compuestos no presentaron actividad antimicrobiana mediante el método de difusión en agar en pozo frente a cepas ATCC de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Candida albicans a una concentración de 2 mg/mL.
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Rollo, Benjamin N., Dongcheng Zhang, Johanna E. Simkin, Trevelyan R. Menheniott, and Donald F. Newgreen. "Why are enteric ganglia so small? Role of differential adhesion of enteric neurons and enteric neural crest cells." F1000Research 4 (May 12, 2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6370.1.
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The avian enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of a vast number of unusually small ganglia compared to other peripheral ganglia. Each ENS ganglion at mid-gestation has a core of neurons and a shell of mesenchymal precursor/glia-like enteric neural crest (ENC) cells. To study ENS cell ganglionation we isolated midgut ENS cells by HNK-1 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from E5 and E8 quail embryos, and from E9 chick embryos. We performed cell-cell aggregation assays which revealed a developmentally regulated functional increase in ENS cell adhesive function, requiring both Ca2+ -dependent and independent adhesion. This was consistent with N-cadherin and NCAM labelling. Neurons sorted to the core of aggregates, surrounded by outer ENC cells, showing that neurons had higher adhesion than ENC cells. The outer surface of aggregates became relatively non-adhesive, correlating with low levels of NCAM and N-cadherin on this surface of the outer non-neuronal ENC cells. Aggregation assays showed that ENS cells FACS selected for NCAM-high and enriched for enteric neurons formed larger and more coherent aggregates than unsorted ENS cells. In contrast, ENS cells of the NCAM-low FACS fraction formed small, disorganised aggregates. This suggests a novel mechanism for control of ENS ganglion morphogenesis where i) differential adhesion of ENS neurons and ENC cells controls the core/shell ganglionic structure and ii) the ratio of neurons to ENC cells dictates the equilibrium ganglion size by generation of an outer non-adhesive surface.
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Smith, SV, and BB Staveley. "P.090 Evaluation of Mutant Alleles of Engrailed and Invected in Drosophila Melanogaster Models of Parkinson Disease." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 48, s3 (2021): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2021.368.
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Background: Parkinson Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, resulting in a gradual decline in voluntary movement, where lifespan remains stable. Drosophila melanogaster offer comparable gene sequences to those targeted in PD; among them are two transcription factors, engrailed (en) and invected (inv). Methods: Wild-type homozygous allele Oregon-R(en+, inv+) was compared to heterozygous mutants of en1, en4, en7, en54, en58, invW, inv30, and Df (2R) enEinvE. Nine climbing and aging studies were executed from crosses with w1118(en+, inv+) as the maternal genotype. Results: Independent-samples t-tests were conducted to compare the percent survival (in days). No significant differences were observed between the experimental groups and the control group. A mixed Analysis of Variance was conducted to compare climbing behaviour over time (in weeks) for all nine groups. Both main effects (group, time), and the interaction (group x time) were significant. Post hoc Fisher’s Least Significant Difference tests revealed a significant difference between the control group and en1, en4, en54, invW, and Df (2R) enEinvE groups. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that mutations of en, inv, or both will result in a PD phenotype and consequent decreased motor function of D. melanogaster PD models, with or without a significant decrease in lifespan.
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Labrosse, Béatrice, Laurence Morand-Joubert, Armelle Goubard, et al. "Role of the Envelope Genetic Context in the Development of Enfuvirtide Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patients." Journal of Virology 80, no. 17 (2006): 8807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02706-05.
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ABSTRACT Acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) resistance to the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (ENF) is primarily associated with mutations within the highly conserved first heptad repeat (HR1) region of gp41. Viral env sequences, however, are remarkably variable, and the envelope genetic background could have an important impact on optimal expression of HR1 mutations. We have examined the genetic evolution of env sequences, ENF susceptibility, and Env replicative capacity in patients failing ENF treatment. Sequential plasma-derived virus populations, obtained from six patients initiating ENF treatment as part of a salvage therapy, were studied using a recombinant phenotypic assay evaluating the entire gp120 and the gp41 ectodomains. Regardless of major differences in the baseline ENF susceptibilities, viral populations with similar phenotypic ENF resistance (50% inhibitory concentration, >3,000 ng/ml) were selected under treatment in four of six patients. As expected, in all patients ENF-resistant viruses harbored one or more HR1 mutations (positions 36, 38, and 43). Interestingly, in five patients the emergence of resistance mutations was not associated with reduced Env replicative capacity. Phylogenetic analysis of env sequences in sequential samples from two patients showed that the HR1 mutations had emerged in the context of env quasi-species that were different from those prevalent at baseline. Thus, the envelope genetic context appears to play a critical role in the selection of HR1 mutations and the expression of ENF resistance, thereby conditioning the evolution of HIV-1 under fusion inhibitor selective pressure.
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Gil, Cássia T. Lopes de Alcântara, Fernando Penteado Lopes da Silva, Ademir Tadeu Ribeiro Grossi, Marco Antônio Scanavini, and Fábio Trevisan. "Estudo da inclinação do plano palatino em relação à base posterior do crânio em indivíduos portadores de oclusão normal." Revista Dental Press de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial 11, no. 5 (2006): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-54192006000500008.
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OBJETIVO: estudar a relação entre o plano palatino e a região posterior da base do crânio, em indivíduos portadores de oclusão normal. METODOLOGIA: a amostra foi constituída por telerradiografias em norma lateral de 95 indivíduos portadores de oclusão normal natural. O plano palatino foi determinado pelos pontos Ena e Enp (Espinha Nasal Anterior e Posterior). Utilizou-se o ponto mais posterior e inferior do osso occipital (OPI), para definição da região póstero-inferior da base do crânio. Avaliou-se o comportamento do ângulo formado pelos planos OPI-Ena e Ena-Enp, denominado ângulo OPI.Ena.Enp, tendo como vértice o ponto Ena. Desta forma, valores angulares próximos a 0º indicaram tendência à coincidência entre os planos OPI-Ena e Ena-Enp, o que equivale a dizer que, nestes casos, a extensão do plano palatino tangencia a base posterior do crânio, representada pelo Ponto OPI. RESULTADOS: a média de valor encontrada em relação ao ângulo OPI.Ena.Enp na referida amostra foi de -0,13º, valor próximo a zero, indicando tendência à coincidência entre os planos OPI-Ena e Ena-Enp. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados indicam que em pacientes portadores de oclusão normal natural, o prolongamento do plano palatino tende a tangenciar a região posterior da base do crânio, o que se revela uma característica estrutural em crânios de indivíduos portadores de oclusão equilibrada.
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Kwon, Ji-Young, Ji-Ye Seo, Tae-Yun Kim, Hee-Il Lee, and Jung-Won Ju. "First Identification and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Prevalence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis in Patients with Acute Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea." Pathogens 10, no. 11 (2021): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111424.
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Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi can cause diarrhea in humans, especially severe diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. However, there have been few studies on Enc. intestinalis and Ent. bieneusi in patients with acute diarrhea in the Republic of Korea (ROK). In this study, fecal samples were collected from 1241 patients with acute diarrhea in 2020. Among these, 24 cases of Enc. intestinalis and one case of Ent. bieneusi were detected via PCR amplification of small subunit ribosomal RNA. Genotyping of the internal transcribed spacer region sequence revealed that the detected Ent. bieneusi genotype was in Group 1. This study provides the first evidence that Ent. bieneusi exists in humans in addition to animals in the ROK. To identify the causative agent, continuous monitoring of Enc. intestinalis and Ent. bieneusi is necessary for patients with acute diarrhea in the ROK.
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Morera-Barrantes, Roy, Carlos Calderón-Chaverri, Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas, Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas, and Jose Alexis Ugalde Ramìrez. "Demandas físicas de jugadores profesionales costarricenses de fútbol: Influencia de la posición de juego y nivel competitivo." MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud 18, no. 2 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/mhs.18-2.1.
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La monitorización de las demandas físicas durante partidos de fútbol con tecnologías GPS proporciona información valiosa que puede ser utilizada para potenciar el rendimiento deportivo. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las demandas físicas de jugadores profesionales costarricenses de fútbol, así como analizar la influencia de la posición de juego y el nivel competitivo durante partidos. Sesenta futbolistas masculinos, 50 de la primera división del fútbol costarricense y 10 de una selección nacional absoluta de CONCACAF (SAC), fueron monitoreados con un Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) para cuantificar variables cinemáticas como la distancia recorrida (m), total y a diferentes intensidades (Z 1-5), velocidad máxima (km/h), impactos totales (g), aceleraciones (m/s) y desaceleraciones (m/s). Las posiciones de juego se categorizaron en: defensas (Def), mediocampistas (Med) y delanteros (Del), y el nivel competitivo en: a) SAC, b) Equipos de nivel élite (ENE) y c) Equipos de nivel sub-élite (ENS). Los resultados reflejaron diferencias significativas respecto al nivel competitivo en la distancia recorrida a diferentes intensidades Z1 (SAC >ENS >ENE), Z2 (ENE >SAC >ENS) y Z4 (ENE >SAC >ENS), aceleraciones (SAC >ENE >ENS) y en desaceleraciones (SAC >ENS >ENE). Por posiciones de juego, las diferencias estuvieron en la distancia total (Med >Def >Del), en la distancia recorrida en Z2 (Med >Def >Del) y Z3 (Med >Def >Del), así como en impactos totales (Med >Def >Del). Se concluye que el nivel competitivo influye sobre las demandas físicas. SAC registró más aceleraciones y desaceleraciones y, ENE recorrió mayor distancia a esfuerzos moderados e intensos. Existen diferencias en las posiciones de juego, los mediocampistas recorrieron mayores distancias y registraron más impactos.
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Quiambao, Arnelle Y., and Flordelina E. Pio-Gulapan. "Competency in End-of-Life Care among ENT – HNS Consultants and Residents: A Multi-Center Study." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 23, no. 2 (2008): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v23i2.725.
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Objectives: To determine the competency in end of life care of Ear, Nose, Throat – Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS) consultants and residents using the domains of knowledge, skills and attitudes as measures of competency and to identify opportunities for improvement in end of life care education
 
 Method:
 Design: Cross- sectional survey
 Setting: Five tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila
 Subjects: 52 ENT-HNS consultants and residents
 
 Results: The majority of the respondents scored low across the knowledge, attitude and skills domains. Majority the respondents (67%) were low in the knowledge domain. More than half of the respondents (58%) demonstrated negative attitudes towards end- of-life care while majority of the respondents (56%) had low skills scores. Similarly, more than half (67%) of the respondents showed low over-all competence in end of life care.
 
 Conclusion: The majority of the respondents scored low across all three domains that were used to measure the competency in end of life care. These findings may suggest a need to strengthen the ENT- HNS practitioners’ education in end-of-life care.
 
 Keywords: end of life care, palliative care, terminal care
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Kalinaj, Blažej, František Zigo, Zuzana Farkašová, et al. "The influence of health status on the changes of gut microbiota and performance of racing pigeons." International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology 8, no. 2 (2024): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijawb.2024.08.00213.
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During the race season of racing pigeons, the demands on their care, zoohygienic conditions, balanced feeding and maintaining an optimal state of health increase. Any deviation in the mentioned factors causes a stressful situation associated with the changes in the bacterial representation in the digestive tract, weakens the individual´s state of health and thus reduces his performance. The work aimed to monitor the health status of racing pigeons and evaluate their performance during one racing season. From 60 pigeons, swabs from the cloaca and crop were taken at regular intervals at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the race season with a focus on monitoring the representation of the intestinal microflora and the most common diseases. The pigeons were also clinically examined with subsequent sampling for monitoring coccidiosis, trichomonosis and respiratory syndrom during the individual phases of the race season. The total count of bacteria (TCB) in both the cloaca and the crop did not show any significant variation in their abundance throughout the entire racing season. On the other hand, with increasing stress and the occurrence of diseases, the coliform bacteria (CB) in the cloaca and crop was increased in the end of the racing season. Of the identified bacteria Ent. columbae, E. coli, Ent. faecium, Ent. gallinarum a S. intermedius were most frequently represented in swabs from the cloaca. As in the cloaca, the swabs from the crop were most frequently represented by Ent. columbae a E. coli together with lactobacilli and Ent. gallinarum. At the end of race season, E. coli, Ent. faecium, Ent. columbae and staphylococci were significantly represented in the cloaca and in the crop Ent. columbae, E. coli, Ent. gallinarum together with staphylococci again. By comparing the prevalence of Eimeria spp. and Trichomonas spp. before, during and at the end of the race season were noticed their increased occurrence at the end of the season. From the race placements, we found that in pigeons in which the prevalence of opportunistic pathogens Staphylococcus spp. a Ent. gallinarum from swabs of the cloaca and crop at the lowest level together with the occurrence of Eimeria spp., they achieved constant results the entire race season and also achieved the best points position.
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Wessels, Coen. "GIS: High end en low end." AGORA Magazine 7, no. 2 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/agora.v7i2.15299.
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R., Suraj, and Jithish K.S. "Wear analysis on EN8, EN9 and EN24." World Journal of Engineering 14, no. 3 (2017): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-05-2016-0002.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a comparative study of the wear properties of ferrous welded materials like EN8, EN9 and mild steel (MS). Design/methodology/approach The material is cut into specific dimension after hardfacing and is studied for the wear properties of the material. The wear testing is done on a pin-on-disc apparatus. The microhardness of the material is studied using the Vickers microhardness measuring apparatus. Findings The wear properties of ferrous welded materials like EN8, EN9 and MS are studied. It is found the MS has the least wear when compared to EN8 and EN9. The microhardness of MS is higher than EN8 and EN9, thus making it more wear-resistant than EN8 and EN9. The coefficient of friction in the dry sliding condition is found to be constant throughout the experiment. Research limitations/implications Major restriction is the amount of time required for use-wear analysis and replication experiments that are necessary to produce reliable results. These limitations mean that the analysis of total assemblages with the intention of producing specific results, especially of worked materials, is not feasible. Practical implications Generally, the complexity and rigour of the analysis depend primarily on the engineering needs and secondarily on the wear situation. It has been the author’s experience that simple and basic wear analyses, conducted in the proper manner, are often adequate in many engineering situations. Integral and fundamental to the wear analysis approach is the treatment of wear and wear behaviour as a system property. As a consequence, wear analysis is not limited to the evaluation of the effects of materials on wear behaviour. Wear analysis often enables the identification of nonmaterial solutions or nonmaterial elements in a solution to wear problems. For example, changes in or recommendations for contact geometry, roughness, tolerance and so on are often the results of a wear analysis. Originality/value The value of the work lies in the utility of the results obtained to researchers and users of the EN8, EN9 and EN24 material for their components.
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Fujitani, Tomoko, Mariko Harada Sassa, Zhaoqing Lyu, Yukiko Fujii, and Kouji H. Harada. "Association between lignan polyphenol bioavailability and enterotypes of isoflavone metabolism: A cross-sectional analysis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0295185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295185.
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Lignan polyphenols derived from plants are metabolized by bacteria in the gut to mammalian lignans, such as enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END). Mammalian lignan intake has been reported to be associated with obesity and low blood glucose levels. However, the factors that are responsible for individual differences in the metabolic capacity for ENL and END are not well understood. In the present study, the effects of enterotypes of isoflavone metabolism, equol producers (EQP) and O-desmethylangolensin producers (O-DMAP), on lignan metabolism were examined. EQP was defined by urinary daidzein (DAI) and equol concentrations as log(equol/DAI) ≥ –1.42. O-DMAP was defined by urinary DAI and O-DMA concentrations as O-DMA/DAI > 0.018. Isoflavone and lignan concentrations in urine samples from 440 Japanese women were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic enterotypes were determined from the urinary equol and O-DMA concentrations. Urinary END and ENL concentrations were compared in four groups, combinations of EQP (+/–) and O-DMAP (+/–). The urinary lignan concentration was significantly higher in the O-DMAP/EQP group (ENL: P<0.001, END: P<0.001), and this association remained significant after adjusting for several background variables (END: β = 0.138, P = 0.00607 for EQP and β = 0.147, P = 0.00328 for O-DMAP; ENL: β = 0.312, P<0.001 for EQP and β = 0.210, P<0.001 for O-DMAP). The ENL/END ratio was also highest in the O-DMAP/EQP group, indicating that equol and O-DMA metabolizing gut bacteria may be involved in lignan metabolism. In conclusion, urinary lignan concentrations were significantly higher in groups containing either EQP or O-DMAP than in the non-EQP/non-O-DMAP group. The variables and participants in this study were limited, which the possibility of confounding by other variables cannot be ruled out. However, there are no established determinants of lignan metabolism to date. Further research is needed to determine what factors should be considered, and to examine in different settings to confirm the external validity.
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Salae, Abdul Wahab, Suchada Chantrapromma, Hoong-Kun Fun, and Chanita Ponglimanont. "ent-Kaur-16-ene-13,19-diol." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 4 (2007): o1899—o1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807012834.
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Crroker, Stephen J., Paul Gaskin, Michael H. Beale та John R. Lenton. "ent-3β-hydroxykaur-16-ene and ent-17-hydroxykaur-15-ene in paclobutrazol-treated wheat se0edlings". Phytochemistry 39, № 1 (1995): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00912-d.
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Ray, Neelanjana, Leslie A. Blackburn, and Robert W. Doms. "HR-2 Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Restore Fusion Kinetics Delayed by HR-1 Mutations That Cause Clinical Resistance to Enfuvirtide." Journal of Virology 83, no. 7 (2009): 2989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02496-08.
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ABSTRACT Enfuvirtide (ENF) prevents the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into cells by binding to the HR-1 region of the viral envelope (Env) protein gp41 subunit. Resistance to ENF arises via mutations in the drug binding site in HR-1. In addition, HR-2 mutations are commonly observed in ENF-resistant Env proteins, though their role remains unclear. We explored the mechanistic basis for clinical resistance to ENF and the role of HR-2 mutations. Using panels of ENF resistance-associated mutants for two patients, we found that mutations in HR-1 slowed the fusion kinetics and that mutations in HR-2 restored fusion rates. We assessed the differences in the rates of fusion of these mutants from a temperature-arrested state and observed similar trends, suggesting that the step of delay occurs after coreceptor engagement. Sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies was unchanged by the HR-1 and HR-2 mutants in each panel. Since this result was in contrast to those of a previous in vitro analysis where enhanced sensitivity to neutralization was demonstrated for heterologous Envs with ENF resistance-associated HR-1 changes, we examined the context dependence of HR-1 and HR-2 mutations by transferring the mutations seen in one patient into the Env context of another. These studies revealed that some, but not all, HR-1 mutations, when placed out of context (i.e., in a patient Env where they did not originally arise), enhance sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. However, in most cases, HR-1 mutations in ENF-treated patients evolve in a manner that preserves pretreatment neutralization sensitivity so as to evade the pressures of the immune system.
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Heagy, W., M. Laurance, E. Cohen, and R. Finberg. "Neurohormones regulate T cell function." Journal of Experimental Medicine 171, no. 5 (1990): 1625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.171.5.1625.
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In this communication we show that T cell locomotion is affected by direct interaction with neurohormones. Opioid peptides, including beta-END, MET-ENK, LEU-ENK, and related enkephalin analogues enhanced migration of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Activity was dependent on the peptide NH2-terminal sequence, stimulated by enkephalin analogues with specificity for classical delta or mu types of opiate receptor, and inhibited by the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone. Our studies suggest that such neuropeptides stimulate T cell chemotaxis by interaction with sites analogues to classical opiate receptors. We propose that the endogenous opioids beta-END, MET-ENK, and LEU-ENK are potent immunomodulating signals that regulate the trafficking of immune response cells.
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Upadhyay, Chitra, Priyanka Gadam Rao, and Roya Feyznezhad. "Dual Role of HIV-1 Envelope Signal Peptide in Immune Evasion." Viruses 14, no. 4 (2022): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040808.
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HIV-1 Env signal peptide (SP) is an important contributor to Env functions. Env is generated from Vpu/Env encoded bicistronic mRNA such that the 5′ end of Env-N-terminus, that encodes for Env-SP overlaps with 3′ end of Vpu. Env SP displays high sequence diversity, which translates into high variability in Vpu sequence. This study aimed to understand the effect of sequence polymorphism in the Vpu-Env overlapping region (VEOR) on the functions of two vital viral proteins: Vpu and Env. We used infectious molecular clone pNL4.3-CMU06 and swapped its SP (or VEOR) with that from other HIV-1 isolates. Swapping VEOR did not affect virus production in the absence of tetherin however, presence of tetherin significantly altered the release of virus progeny. VEOR also altered Vpu’s ability to downregulate CD4 and tetherin. We next tested the effect of these swaps on Env functions. Analyzing the binding of monoclonal antibodies to membrane embedded Env revealed changes in the antigenic landscape of swapped Envs. These swaps affected the oligosaccharide composition of Env-N-glycans as shown by changes in DC-SIGN-mediated virus transmission. Our study suggests that genetic diversity in VEOR plays an important role in the differential pathogenesis and also assist in immune evasion by altering Env epitope exposure.
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Styes, Abbie A., and Mary J. Isaacson. "Improving Rural Emergency Nurses Comfort during Palliative and End-of-Life Communication." Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care 21, no. 1 (2021): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v21i1.647.
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Background: Emergency nurses (ENs) often care for patients nearing the end of their lives or with life-limiting illnesses. However, ENs are hesitant to initiate palliative or end-of-life (PEOL) discussions because of a lack of comfort with these topics. Many ENs have no formal PEOL communication training which contributes to the lack of comfort with PEOL discussions in the emergency department (ED). Thus, the purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine how PEOL communication training affected rural ENs perceived comfort level during PEOL conversations.
 Sample/Setting: A convenience sample of 14 registered nurses working in a rural Northern Plains ED.
 Methods: A quality improvement project was implemented where nurses received online education using the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium Critical Care Communication module. This was followed by communication scenario review and group discussion. Changes in nurse comfort with PEOL communication were evaluated using a pre and post survey and reflective practice in the group discussion.
 Findings: This quality improvement project demonstrated a statistically significant increased level of comfort (N = 14, p = 0.006) when communicating with PEOL patients and their families in the ED. Qualitatively, the ED nurses expressed fears and challenges specific to PEOL communication while also identifying new evidence-based strategies they can use during PEOL conversations.
 Conclusion: Communication is vital when caring for PEOL patients in the ED. Formal PEOL communication training is effective for improving PEOL communication skills among ENs. Increasing nurse comfort when communicating with PEOL patients has the potential to improve quality of care at end-of-life.
 Keywords: emergency nurses, communication, palliative, end-of-life
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v21i1.647
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Navarro, Sandi, Lisa Levy, Timothy Randolph, et al. "Effect of a Flaxseed Lignan Intervention on Circulating Bile Acids in a Randomized, Crossover Trial." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_033.
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Abstract Objectives Health benefits of high-fiber foods may be attributed, in part, to microbial metabolites of plant compounds. Lignans and their microbial metabolites, the enterolignans [enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END)], reduce serum lipids through a variety of mechanisms, including regulation of bile acid (BA) synthesis. BA, released into the gut lumen in response to dietary fat, undergo microbial metabolism to secondary (2°) BA, which have been positively associated with chronic disease, e.g., liver disease and colorectal cancer. Our aims were to evaluate the effects of a flaxseed lignan supplement on circulating BA and examine associations between enterolignans and 2° BA. Methods We conducted a randomized, crossover trial of a flaxseed lignan supplement (50 mg/d secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) compared to placebo in 46 healthy men and women (20-45 y). Each period lasted 60 days, separated by a 60-day washout period. Six primary and fourteen 2° BA species were measured in fasting plasma using LC-MS. ENL and END were measured in 24-h urines by GC-MS. Low- and high-ENL excreters were defined as below and above the median 24-h ENL excretion at the end of the flaxseed lignan intervention (23.4 µmol/24 h). Linear mixed models were used to a) test the effects of the intervention on individual BA concentrations, overall and stratified by low and high ENL excreters; and b) to cross-sectionally determine the association between plasma 2o BA and ENL and END. Results There was no significant effect of the flaxseed lignan intervention compared to placebo on BA concentrations overall, or by ENL-excreter status, after FDR adjustment. In the cross-sectional analysis, irrespective of treatment, six 2° BA were statistically significantly associated with ENL (FDR &lt; 0.05), with two positive associations (isolithocholic and lithocholic acids), and four inverse associations (glycoursodeoxycholic, glycohyodeoxycholic, hyodeoxycholic, and muricholic acids). Conclusions The flaxseed lignan intervention and subsequent ENL production had no effect on plasma BA concentrations. However, the strong associations between ENL excretion and certain 2° BA concentrations suggests that the gut microbial communities capable of producing ENL may also play a role in 2° BA metabolism. Funding Sources NIH.
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Weng, Shr-Han, Wen-Ling Liao, and Linyi Chen. "The Enhancer–Promoter-Mediated Wnt8a Transcription During Neurite Regrowth of Injured Cortical Neurons." Cells 14, no. 5 (2025): 319. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14050319.
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Brain injuries can result from accidents, warfare, sports injuries, or brain diseases. Identifying regeneration-associated genes (RAGs) during epigenome remodeling upon brain injury could have a significant impact on reducing neuronal death and subsequent neurodegeneration for patients with brain injury. We previously identified several WNT genes as RAGs involved in the neurite regrowth of injured cortical neurons. Among them, the expression of the Wnt8a gene increased most significantly during neurite regrowth, indicating its potential to promote neuronal regeneration. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of Wnt8a transcription. An algorithm was developed to predict the novel enhancer regions of candidate genes. By combining active enhancer marks, histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), and histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation (H3K4me1), we identified a candidate enhancer region for Wnt8a located 1.7 Mb upstream and 0.1 Mb downstream of the Wnt8a gene. This region was organized into enhancers (Ens) 1–15. Enhancer RNA expression from the predicted En1–15 regions, DNA topological dynamics, and the activity of predicted enhancers were analyzed to validate the candidate active enhancers. Our findings showed that the En8, 9, 10, 14, and 15 regions expressed higher eRNAs during neurite regrowth. Notably, the En8-2 and En14-2 subregions showed significantly up-regulated H3K4me1 modification during neurite regrowth. Using chromatin conformation capture assays and enhancer–reporter assays, we delineated that the molecular regulation of Wnt8a transcription during neurite regrowth occurs through looped En8-promoter interplay.
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Kanase, Vanita, and Diptesh T. Patil. "EVALUATION OF IN VITRO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EULOPHIA NUDA LINDL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 11 (2018): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.27167.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried tubers of Eulophia nuda.Methods: Effect of both the extracts was evaluated at various concentrations (832–6.5 μg/ml) for secretion of mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, lysosomal enzyme, and myeloperoxidase activity of isolated murine peritoneal macrophages.Results: The extracts showed stimulation of NO, statistically significant at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.739) for ENA and at 832 μg/ml (stimulation index [SI] 1.662) for ENE; significant stimulation on lysosomal enzyme release for ENA at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.404) and ENE at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.513); myeloperoxidase activity was statistically significant for ENA at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.728) and ENE at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.770).Conclusion: In vitro phagocytic index showed significant results and thus proving the need for confirmation through in vivo studies.
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Silva, Fernando Penteado Lopes da, Cássia Teresinha Lopes de Alcântara Gil, Danilo Furquim Siqueira, and Marco Antônio Scanavini. "Estudo cefalométrico individualizado do posicionamento da maxila em indivíduos com equilíbrio facial e oclusão normal." Revista Dental Press de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial 13, no. 6 (2008): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-54192008000600010.
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INTRODUÇÃO: o posicionamento da maxila no esqueleto craniofacial tem sido motivo de investigação por diversos autores. Traduzindo suas idéias por meio de medidas lineares ou angulares, tais autores definiram o que consideraram como a posição "ideal", "normal" e, ainda, "aceitável" ou "inaceitável" da maxila, relacionando-a, na maioria das vezes, com a base do crânio. A partir da avaliação de indivíduos com oclusão considerada normal e com bom equilíbrio facial, eram calculados valores médios e desvios-padrão de determinadas medidas, os quais eram tomados como parâmetros para avaliações cefalométricas de pacientes distintos. OBJETIVOS: diante das divergências de opiniões encontradas na literatura, a proposta do presente estudo foi avaliar o posicionamento da maxila nos sentidos vertical e ântero-posterior, além da sua inclinação, numa amostra de 94 indivíduos com oclusão normal e equilíbrio facial. MÉTODOS: foram determinadas correlações entre medidas do próprio indivíduo: OPI-N com OPI-ENA e N-ENA com ENA-ENP. CONCLUSÕES: a partir dos fortes índices de correlação encontrados, concluiu-se que a medida OPI-N pode ser tomada como referência para determinação de OPI-ENA, da mesma forma que ENA-ENP pode ser considerada para determinação de N-ENA, definindo, respectivamente, a posição da maxila nos sentidos sagital e vertical. A inclinação da maxila, representada aqui pelo ângulo OPI.ENA.ENP, teve valor médio estatisticamente próximo a 0º (zero grau), indicando forte tendência do prolongamento posterior do plano palatino (ENA-ENP) tangenciar a base posterior do crânio (ponto OPI), o que se revela como uma importante característica de indivíduos com oclusão normal e equilíbrio facial.
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Marquez-Chacon, Andres Eduardo, Alida Perez Colmenares, Luis Rojas Fermin, et al. "Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new ent-kaurene-type diterpenoid derivatives." European Journal of Chemistry 14, no. 4 (2023): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.14.4.478-485.2478.
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This research consists in the synthesis of ent-kaurene-type diterpenoid derivatives from the new natural product ent-kaur-3-acetoxy-15-ene, to carry out structural modifications on the C3 carbon of the ent-kaurene core by introducing different oxygenated groups, especially esters, in order to probe the structure-activity relationship (SAR) against microorganisms. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized derivatives was evaluated, ent-kaur-3-O-(6’,7’-bibenzyl-oxy-caffeoyl)-15-ene (4) exhibited activity against all tested microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (16 mm), Enterococcus faecalis (12 mm), Escherichia coli (13 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8 mm) and Candida krusei (10 mm). These results reveal a remarkable structure-activity relationship over the C3 carbon of the ent-kaurene core, where the presence of oxygenated groups such as hydroxyl or alkyl esters enhances activity.
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Amir, Roey, Assaf Harnoy, Nitsan Papo, and Gadi Slor. "Mixing End Groups in Thiol-Ene/Yne Reactions as a Simple Approach toward Multienzyme-Responsive Polymeric Amphiphiles." Synlett 29, no. 19 (2018): 2582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611340.
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Taking advantage of the high fidelity of thiol-ene and thiol-yne chemistries, we used mixtures of thiols to prepare degradable PEG-dendron amphiphiles functionalized with two different types of enzymatically cleavable end groups. By tuning the feed ratios of the two thiols, we achieved mixtures of hybrids with statistically different ratios of end groups. Studies of the disassembly of statistically mixed hybrids showed that these amphiphiles have higher degrees of response when incubated with each of the activating enzymes, whereas a greater degree of selectivity was observed for a control mixture of two distinct amphiphiles, which required the presence of both types of enzyme to undergo complete disassembly. The potential to introduce different end groups by using a mixture of thiols in an efficient single thiol-ene or thiol-yne step opens the way for simple modification of various ene- or yne-containing polymers and tailoring of their structural and functional properties.
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Jordan-Paiz, Ana, Sandra Franco, and Miguel Angel Martinez. "Synonymous Codon Pair Recoding of the HIV-1 env Gene Affects Virus Replication Capacity." Cells 10, no. 7 (2021): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071636.
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Synonymous codon pair deoptimization is an efficient strategy for virus attenuation; however, the underlying mechanism remains controversial. Here, we optimized and deoptimized the codon pair bias (CPB) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (env) gene to investigate the influence of env synonymous CPB recoding on virus replication capacity, as well as the potential mechanism. We found that env CPB deoptimization did not always generate attenuation, whereas CPB optimization attenuated virus replication in MT-4 cells. Furthermore, virus attenuation correlated with reduced Env protein production but not with decreased viral RNA synthesis. Remarkably, in our model, increasing the number of CpG dinucleotides in the 5′ end of env did not reduce the replication capacity of HIV-1. These results indicate that factors other than CPB or CpG content may have impacted the viral fitness of the synonymously recoded study variants. Our findings provide evidence that CPB recoding-associated attenuation can affect translation efficiency. Moreover, we demonstrated that an increased number of CpGs in the 5′ end of HIV-1 env is not always associated with reduced virus replication capacity.
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Prashanth, Jangiti Siva, and Satyanarayana V. Nandury. "A Cluster–based Approach for Minimizing Energy Consumption by Reducing Travel Time of Mobile Element in WSN." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 14, no. 6 (2019): 691–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2019.6.3630.
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Envoy Node Identification (ENI) and Halting Location Identifier (HLI) algorithms have been developed to reduce the travel time of Mobile Element (ME) by determining Optimal Path(OP) in Wireless Sensor Networks. Data generated by cluster members will be aggregated at the Cluster Head (CH) identified by ENI for onward transmission to the ME and it likewise decides an ideal path for ME by interfacing all CH/Envoy Nodes (EN). In order to reduce the tour length (TL) further HLI determines finest number of Halting Locations that cover all ENs by taking transmission range of CH/ENs into consideration. Impact of ENI and HLI on energy consumption and travel time of ME have been examined through simulations.
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Salas, Victor. "Suárez and Salamanca: Magister and Locus of Pure Nature [Suárez y Salamanca: Magister y Locus de naturaleza pura]." Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin 7, no. 8 (2018): a026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3566823.
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This paper explores the thinking of some Salamancan theologians regarding the notion of pure nature. In particular, I address Suárez’s thinking on this subject and locate it within the context of the debate over whether human beings have a desire for the beatific vision. Insofar as a number of Thomists and Suárez think that there is no natural desire for a supernatural end, human beings are, by nature, left only with a desire for natural beatitude. The theoretical possibility of a human nature created without any order to a supernatural end and also falling outside the economy of grace becomes a subject of speculation that serves to illuminate something about created nature itself.
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Girin, Hazarika, Dutta Rupam, Prakash Saikia Deep, Malakar Dipika, Hazorika Mousumi, and Bora Mridusmita. "A comprehensive exploration of restriction enzymes and their applications in molecular biology: A review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (2024): 2399–404. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13370810.
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Restriction enzymes, derived from bacteria, serve as indispensable tools in molecular biology, enabling precise manipulation of DNA with specificity. These enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences, cleaving the DNA strand at those designated sites. Two types, blunt-end cutters, and sticky-end producers, offer distinct advantages and disadvantages. In molecular biology, restriction enzymes find diverse applications, prominently in gene cloning, facilitating the insertion of foreign DNA into host organisms. Additionally, they play a vital role in DNA sequencing, DNA fingerprinting, and other techniques crucial for studying gene function and regulation. A groundbreaking development is witnessed in gene editing, where engineered enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences, allowing scientists to target and modify genes with unprecedented precision. This breakthrough holds the potential to revolutionize medicine, paving the way for treating genetic diseases and creating personalized therapies. Research efforts are focused on discovering new restriction enzymes with novel specificities, expanding the range of manipulable DNA sequences. This opens avenues for innovative applications in synthetic biology and biotechnology, further advancing the field. Despite their numerous applications, challenges persist, including the potential for off-target effects and the quest for enzymes with specific recognition sequences. Ongoing research and development continue to push the boundaries of what is achievable with restriction enzymes. In conclusion, restriction enzymes have significantly impacted molecular biology and biotechnology, facilitating the precise manipulation and study of genetic material. Ongoing research promises to unveil new applications and discoveries in this dynamic and promising field.
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Mrs., Rajalakshmi B. V., and Srinivasappa K. V. Mr. "DTLS: A Key to Secure Communications in the Internet of Things." IJAPR Journal UGC Indexed 6, no. 2 (2018): 108–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14904106.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing network of connected devices that are changing the way we live and work. Security is a critical issue for IoT deployments, as these devices are often vulnerable to attack. This paper provides an overview of the efforts in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to standardize security solutions for the IoT ecosystem. The paper first reviews the standard security protocols that can be used to secure IoT communications, with a focus on the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS). The paper then discusses the latest standardization efforts to adapt and enhance DTLS for IoT applications. This includes the use of raw public keys, extending DTLS record Layer to protect group communication, and profiling DTLS for embedded devices. The paper also reviews compression schemes that are being proposed in the IETF to mitigate message fragmentation issues in DTLS. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges and opportunities for securing IoT communications.
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Reeves, Jacqueline D., Fang-Hua Lee, John L. Miamidian, Cassandra B. Jabara, Marisa M. Juntilla, and Robert W. Doms. "Enfuvirtide Resistance Mutations: Impact on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Function, Entry Inhibitor Sensitivity, and Virus Neutralization." Journal of Virology 79, no. 8 (2005): 4991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.8.4991-4999.2005.
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ABSTRACT Enfuvirtide (ENF/T-20/Fuzeon), the first human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry inhibitor to be licensed, targets a structural intermediate of the entry process. ENF binds the HR1 domain in gp41 after Env has bound CD4, preventing conformational changes needed for membrane fusion. Mutations in HR1 that confer ENF resistance can arise following ENF therapy. ENF resistance mutations were introduced into an R5- and X4-tropic Env to examine their impact on fusion, infection, and sensitivity to different classes of entry inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies. HR1 mutations could reduce infection and fusion efficiency and also delay fusion kinetics, likely accounting for their negative impact on viral fitness. HR1 mutations had minimal effect on virus sensitivity to other classes of entry inhibitors, including those targeting CD4 binding (BMS-806 and a CD4-specific monoclonal antibody [MAb]), coreceptor binding (CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 and CCR5 inhibitor TAK-779), or fusion (T-1249), indicating that ENF-resistant viruses can remain sensitive to other entry inhibitors in vivo. Some HR1 mutations conferred increased sensitivity to a subset of neutralizing MAbs that likely target fusion intermediates or with epitopes preferentially exposed following receptor interactions (17b, 48D, 2F5, 4E10, and IgGb12), as well as sera from some HIV-positive individuals. Mechanistically, enhanced neutralization correlated with reduced fusion kinetics, indicating that, in addition to steric constraints, kinetics may also limit virus neutralization by some antibodies. Therefore, escape from ENF comes at a cost to viral fitness and may confer enhanced sensitivity to humoral immunity due to prolonged exposure of epitopes that are not readily accessible in the native Env trimer. Resistance to other entry inhibitors was not observed.
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Jouvenot, Christian. "Anna en week-end." Revue française de psychanalyse 60, no. 5 (1996): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfp.g1996.60n5.1719.
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Jouvenot, Christian. "Anna en week-end." Revue française de psychanalyse o 60, no. 1 (1996): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfp.g1996.60n1.1719.
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Sørensen, Viggo. "End – en nordjysk konjunktion." Ord & Sag 30 (December 1, 2010): 48–58. https://doi.org/10.7146/ordogsag.v30.150427.
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Izumi, Takato, and Toshihiko Fujita. "Description of three new species of Scolanthus (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae): first records of the genus from Japan." ZooKeys 794 (November 1, 2018): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.794.25243.
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Scolanthus is one genus of Edwardsiidae, a speciose family of burrowing worm-like sea anemones characterized by lacking a physa-like aboral end and by possessing nemathybomes on the whole body except at the distal end. This genus has been recorded worldwide, but there have been no specimens collected from Japan. In this study, we discovered four Scolanthus species in Japan for the first time: Scolanthus armatus (Carlgren, 1931) and Scolanthus kopepe sp. n. from the Ogasawara Islands, Scolanthus ena sp. n. from Ena Bay, Kanagawa, and Scolanthus isei sp. n. from Sugashima Island, Mie.