Academic literature on the topic 'Enamel and enameling, Medieval'

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Journal articles on the topic "Enamel and enameling, Medieval"

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Muruzábal del Solar, José M. ª. "Félix Artieda, esmaltista." Príncipe de Viana LXXX, no. 274 (January 30, 2020): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.274.2.

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ABSTRACT This article familiarises us with the life and artistic work of the Pamplona-born enamellist Félix Artieda (1900-1974). Trained in the tradition of a workshop which constructed, gilded and polychromed altarpieces, he studied in Pamplona with Javier Ciga and then at San Fernando in Madrid. He learnt the art of enamelling under Dr Victoriano Juaristi and at the Massana School in Barcelona. Most of his production is from the 1930s, when he worked, above all, using the champlevé technique. The themes of most of his works are religious, imitating medieval motifs, and from Basque folklore. Together with the above, a catalogue of twenty works in enamel by the artist, most of them previously unseen, is also presented. Keywords: enamel; artist; Navarre; 20th century. RESUMEN El presente artículo nos acercará el periplo vital y la producción estética, dentro del esmalte artístico, del autor pamplonés Félix Artieda (1900-1974). Este autor, formado en la tradición de un taller de construcción, dorado y policromado de retablos, estudió en Pamplona con Javier Ciga y en San Fernando de Madrid. La técnica del esmalte la aprendió con el doctor Victoriano Juaristi y en la Escuela Massana de Barcelona. La mayor parte de su producción se da en los años treinta, trabajando básicamente el esmalte campeado o champlevé. Sus obras son de temática religiosa, imitando motivos medievales, y temas etnográficos vascos principalmente. Se aporta, junto a lo anterior, un catálogo de veinte obras ejecutas al esmalte por el autor, la mayoría de ellas inéditas. Palabras clave: esmalte; artista; Navarra; siglo xx.
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Muzykantova, M. E., T. V. Lebedeva, and S. I. Galanin. "TWO-COMPONENT COLD CLOISONNE AND CHAMPLEVE ENAMELS: STUDY OF DEFECTS." Technologies & Quality, no. 4 (2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2587-6147-2019-4-46-25-30.

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Types of defects of cold two-component cloisonne and champleve enamels are investigated and systematised. The reasons for the appearance of defects at different stages of enameling jewellery are determined. It is shown that enamel coating defects can occur at any stage of the enamel process. Possible ways to eliminate defects of enamel coating are proposed. Recommendations for the prevention of defects at different stages of cloisonne and champleve enameling are worked out. The most common defects include air bubbles in the enamel and the ingress of foreign contaminants. At initial stages, it is recommended that one observes the technological regulations for metal base and enamel composition preparation. The duration and ease of repair of the defect depends on the detection time of the latter. After the enamel is cured, all defects are irreplaceable.
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Барбалат, О. В., and О. В. Школьна. "ВІЗАНТІЙСЬКО-КИЄВОРУСЬКІ ЕМАЛЬЄРНІ ТРАДИЦІЇ У ДИЗАЙНІ СУЧАСНИХ ЮВЕЛІРНИХ ВИРОБІВ УКРАЇНИ." Art and Design, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2617-0272.2020.2.1.

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The purpose of this research is to understand the integration of the Byzantium-Kyivan Rus enameling traditions in modern Ukrainian jewelry design. The research is applied historical-cultural and artistic-design scientific approaches in combination with comparative and presentation methods. The results of the research prove the influence of Byzantine and Kyivan Rus enamel traditions on modern Ukrainian jewelry. The stylistic and artistic features of the items were examined on example of outstanding enamel jewelry of Byzantine and Kyivan Rus time. As a result the main principles of design requirements and quality of hot enamel jewelry were defined. This research highlights the principles which elites, as bearers of the highest spiritual values, used as guide lines when choosing and ordering jewelry products in ancient times. In order to understand the manufacturing and producing ancient enamel jewelry pieces the ancient jewelry centers are being studied and characterized in this research. We have analyzed the influence of Byzantium and Kievan Rus enameling traditions on the modern Ukrainian jewelry design. Also we studied how it changed with changing the conditions and intensity of manufacturing. Thanks to this research it has been explained how the Byzantine and Kievan Rus enameling traditions influenced modern Ukrainian jewelry design. The researchers were determined to create a symbiosis of modern scientific and technical methods with the ancient hot enamel techniques. This way the research reveals the newest methods of working with hot enamel that are on their initial phase in modern Ukrainian jewelry industry. The material of this research can be used in development of academic disciplines related to enameling techniques and jewelry design. It can be used as a source of inspiration for creating new conceptual jewelry collections using hot enamel. This research can help influence modern jewelry design in Ukraine. Results of this research can be used not only to popularize the Byzantine-Kievan Rus jewelry traditions in Ukraine but also for quality representation of Ukrainian jewelry art in the world
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Mostovshchykova, Daria, and Nataliia Stryzhko. "Parallels in Development of Modern Painting and Enameling in China." Journal of Visual Art and Design 13, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.vad.2021.13.1.5.

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This paper highlights trends in the development of contemporary visual art in China through a parallel analysis of two of its components: painting and enamel art. The focus of the research is on the work of artists whose works combine a ‘western’ style with ‘eastern’ tradition. It was found that in the 21st century, the layer of Chinese cultural heritage was successfully transformed into new forms of expression, such as art objects, enamel sculptures, brightly colored paintings and more. At the same time, it has preserved the symbolism of color, plasticity of lines, narrative and figurative components, which is typical of the centuries-old traditions of the Celestial Empire. Artistic analysis was carried out on specific pictorial and enamel examples, distinguishing common and distinctive features in the concepts of the artists and their embodiment in the material. The way in which contemporary art enters the urban space of megacities and the interior of public institutions was analyzed. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the combination of ‘traditional’ and ‘recent’ trends in one work help to rethink the role of classical images in today’s art, as well as to identify Chinese artists in the globalized intercultural space.
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Barbalat, Aleksandra. "Barbalat echnika gorącej emalii – zdumiewająca sztuka znana od dawna. Emalię jako kosztowną wstawką w wyrobach jubilerskich." ART Space, no. 3 (2018): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2519-4135.4.2018.3.22.

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The article give us the basic principles in formation the form and content in artworking hot enameling process. On the basis of the author's works we can see the examples when artistic hot enamel technique using like precious inserts in modern jewelry art.
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Ryabova, Anna V., A. Yu Fanda, Elena A. Yatsenko, and Ming Gin Lee. "Development of Compositions of New Enamel Coatings with Various Operational and Decorative Properties to Protect Steel Architectural and Construction Panels." Materials Science Forum 1037 (July 6, 2021): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.684.

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Metal enameling is widely used in construction, which differs enameled products from other building materials: the ability to obtain a variety of colors and surfaces; resistance of the surface under the influence of the atmosphere and sunlight; high corrosion resistance; light weight, lightness and quick installation; fire resistance; ease of cleaning; the possibility of mechanizing the manufacture of parts in serial production. The authors of the article have developed the compositions of enamel coatings and investigated their aesthetic and consumer and technical and operational properties. Also, three compositions of new enamel coatings for architectural and construction panels have been developed and enamel coatings of various colors, including pastel colors, have been obtained on their basis.
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Dénes, Éva, Attila Lajos Tóth, and Fábián Enikő-Réka. "Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Boron Content Precipitates by FEG-SEM and EDS Methods." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.295.

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The effect of the boron in steels is widely known as an element enhancing hardenability, but its role can also be related to the enamelability of steels. While the improvement of the hardenability is due to the solute boron, in the case of enameling grade steels the boron should be kept in form of precipitates 1. The hydrogen accumulated during processing and enameling diffuses to the metal/enamel interface and lead to the formation of the so called fish-scale failure. To prevent this it is needed an adequate type, number and dimension of precipitates which act as hydrogen traps hinder the free diffusion of the hydrogen in steel. The paper deals with the possibilities of investigation by scanning electron microscopy of the boron containing precipitates in the low carbon Al-killed steels apt for two side enamelling.
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Tihaček-Šojić, Ljiljana, and Marija Đurić-Srejić. "Analysis of the Optical Properties of Medieval Enamel." Dental Anthropology Journal 13, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v13i1.202.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences in the optical properties of samples of intact, abraded, and reduced enamel. The optical properties of medieval enamel were compared to the results obtained from studies of enamel of contemporary populations in order to investigate the structural changes of enamel due to the effect of diagenesis (destructive changes, which affect interred bone). Reduced enamel (artificially removed superficial layer of the enamel) was used as a comparative sample for the study of abraded enamel. The dental material was obtained from the medieval cemetery of Stara Torina located in northern Serbia. Micro-morphological analysis was conducted using a polarized light microscope. Based on the results, we can demonstrate that 1) the birefringence value of the mature medieval enamel sample ranges from 0.3 to 0.4, which means that medieval enamel has retained its optical properties, although some changes in the inorganic components were found; 2) the matrure intact enamel and abraded enamel have a negative optical sign, which is the same as that found in immature enamel; and 3) the mature reduced enamel changes its optical sign due to the phenomena of bending of the surface enamel prisms from 0.7 mm to 0.9 mm. This change of the optical sign results from a rise in temperature during the reduction process and from a diffusion of "non-oriented" molecules. The increased pressure on the enamel during the reduction process causes the bending of the surface part of the enamel prisms. The presence of the pigmentation and carious changes in the abraded enamel and ground enamel also indicated the process of diffusion of different molecules, which occurred while the enamel was buried in the soil, as well as during the lifetime of the individual.
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da Cruz Reis, Andre Wilson, Marlice Cruz Martelli, and Roberto de Freitas Neves. "Enamel Development and Application on the Pottery of Icoaraci." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.681.

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The development of technology for the application of enamels on pieces of red pottery, in the handicraft sector, is an alternative to improve the quality of the ceramic body forming a waterproof layer that serves as a protection when used for foods and also to add a decorative effect and increase commercial value. This work develops an enameling technique in the production conditions of the artisans in the village of Icoaraci-PA/Brazil. The characterization of raw materials was performed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis. Steps for enamel preparation using commercial transparent frit and bottle glass, and the technique for applying the glaze and firing are presented. The results for the test pieces were very good with the application of transparent frit fired at 900 ° C for 3 hours.
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Liu, Zaiwang, Yonglin Kang, and Yiding Li. "Influence of continuous annealing soaking temperature on fish-scaling resistance of ultra-low carbon steel for porcelain enameling." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 2 (2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018058.

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The relationship between fish-scaling resistance of ultra-low carbon (ULC) enamel steel and continuous annealing soaking temperature was rarely studied before. In this paper, the influence of continuous annealing soaking temperature on microstructure, precipitation behavior and fish-scaling resistance of ULC steel for porcelain enameling was investigated. The results obtained were as follows: for ULC enamel steel, with the continuous annealing soaking temperature increasing from 750 °C to 840 °C, the mean diameter of second phase particle increased from 41 nm to 52 nm, the corresponding volume fraction decreased from 5.8 × 10−3 m3/m3 to 2.9 × 10−3 m3/m3, and the ferrite grain size grew from 13.4 µm up to 17.3 µm, the hydrogen permeation value (TH value) decreased from 32 min/mm2 to 12 min/mm2. The grain boundary and precipitates are main hydrogen traps, as the ferrite grain size increased and the volume fraction of second phase particles decreased, the fish-scaling resistance of ULC enamel steel decreased.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Enamel and enameling, Medieval"

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Cavanaugh, Tracy A. "Through a painters eye: exploration in enameling: jewelry and wall panels." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38015.

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Thesis (M.F.A.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This publication is the discussion and examination of work produced for the degree of Masters of Fine Arts in enameling and metal work. The body of work created consists of enameled brooches and wall panels. The thesis paper documents the technical and aesthetic developments in painting and metals as they pertain to the thesis work, and discusses the landscape subjects which so strongly influence the images that I create. The work produced for the thesis show is discussed in the manner in which it was conceived, as groupings; or as series. Methods of manipulating enamels for specific visual and textural results, various enamel finishes, and the use of enamel oxides are documented. Metal techniques employed as well as the framing method devised for the presentation of the wall panels are also documented. References and key incluences are painters and artists working in metalsmithing and jewelry. In the painting field Narcisse Diaz, Charles-Francois Daubigny, Eduard Vuillard and George Inness are nineteenth century artists who greatly influenced my artistic development. In the metals field Charles Loloma, Georg Jensen and Rene Lalique are influences which established the foundations of my ideas and tastes in my jewelry . While at graduate school the work and teachings of enamelists Jamie Bennett and William Hellwig initiated the interests I developed for enameling. The paper is essentially an indepth analysis of the way in which I perceive my work, what I want to communicate to the viewer, and how and why I create the kinds of objects that I do.
2031-01-01
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Darweesh, Ali Hussain. "The Enameling Arts in Kuwaiti Pre-service Art Teacher Education." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28410/.

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The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the knowledge, skills, and experiences in the enameling arts and the attitudes and perceptions of in-service (n = 12) and pre-service Kuwaiti art teachers (n = 170), art supervisors at the Ministry of Education (MOE) (n = 3) and art education faculty members at the College of Basic Education (CBE) and Kuwait University (KU) (n = 8) about what they believed pre-service art teachers should know and be able to do in order to teach the enameling arts, and (2) to use this information to inform and guide the development of a content outline for an enameling course for pre-service Kuwaiti art teachers that is educationally (how to perform enameling arts skills and how to teach what they know), practically (safety issues, workshop management, etc), and culturally (its relation to Islamic culture) suitable. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. Most of the respondents revealed limited knowledge and skills and modest experiences in the enameling arts. All interviewees in the study expressed positive perceptions and attitudes about the enameling arts. Most agreed that a revision to the current art education curriculum at the CBE was needed and made suggestions about how the curriculum should be revised. It was clear that there is a disconnection and miscommunication between the MOE and the CBE with regards to the information about enameling that should be covered and taught in the art education classes. All respondents expressed support for the inclusion of a course in enameling in the art education curriculum at the CBE. Because of the limited knowledge of the participants in the study, they were not able to provide guidance in shaping the content for a course in the enameling arts. The researcher had to rely on the literature review and his expertise as an enameling artist to develop a content outline that was educationally, practically, and culturally suitable for the pre-service Kuwaiti art teachers. Further study was recommended in regard to curriculum issues, especially those related to the inclusion of Islamic culture, and methods of delivering instruction in the enameling arts.
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Gómez, Tena María Pilar. "Esmaltes para baldosas cerámicas preparados con una nueva materia prima borácica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396209.

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En este trabajo se ha estudiado, en primer lugar, la posibilidad de obtener esmaltes cerámicos sin la utilización de fritas. Para ello se ha empleado una nueva materia prima de boro sintética obtenida, a escala industrial, por calcinación de una mezcla de diferentes compuestos (Patente WO2007148101 A1). Se ha caracterizado esta nueva materia prima de boro determinando, además de la composición química y mineralógica, los aspectos microestructurales más relevantes (mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB-EDX)), su comportamiento térmico (mediante microscopía de calefacción) y su solubilidad en medio acuoso, en condiciones similares a las que se utilizan en la preparación industrial de esmaltes. Se comprueba que, tanto en las suspensiones de borato calcinado como en los esmaltes que contenían esta materia prima como componente, las concentraciones máximas en disolución de los distintos iones eran lo suficientemente bajas como para poderse utilizar sin acarrear problemas reológicos en las suspensiones de esmalte estudiadas. Se han formulado, preparado, aplicado sobre distintos soportes y cocido más de una cincuentena de composiciones de esmalte, exentas de fritas, con el objetivo de seleccionar las mejores, para utilizarse como vidriados industriales para azulejos, pavimento gresificado y gres porcelánico, con acabados brillantes, mates y satinados. Con cada una de las formulaciones seleccionadas, se han preparado esmaltes y vidriados, en los que se han determinado sus propiedades y características más relevantes. Al comparar los resultados obtenidos con los que se obtienen con esmaltes industriales convencionales, se comprueba que, tanto desde el punto de vista técnico como estético, los nuevos esmaltes resultan satisfactorios. En la segunda parte del trabajo, se ha estudiado en profundidad, para la nueva materia prima de boro y para cuatro esmaltes diferentes, las transformaciones físico-químicas que se desarrollan durante la cocción de estos materiales, haciendo especial hincapié en el fenómeno de la sinterización. Para el estudio cinético de este proceso, se han adaptado métodos de cálculo utilizados en el análisis térmico de reacciones en estado sólido, a los resultados de sinterización obtenidos mediante microscopía de calefacción a distintas velocidades de calentamiento. Se ha comprobado que, incluso para los esmaltes más complejos, el proceso global de sinterización queda perfectamente descrito mediante un modelo cinético compuesto por varias etapas individuales, tres como máximo, que se desarrollan en paralelo. Cada una de las etapas individuales se ajusta bien al modelo de Avrami-Erofeev con un valor del índice de Avrami constante para cada tipo de material. A partir del modelo cinético de sinterización desarrollado, se ha calculado la curva de viscosidad efectiva de cada material y se han comparado los resultados con los obtenidos mediante otras metodologías (puntos fijos de viscosidad y estimación teórica a partir de la composición química y mineralógica). El acuerdo entre los resultados obtenidos por los diferentes procedimientos ha sido en todos los casos satisfactorio.
This study examined, first, the possibility of obtaining ceramic glazes without using frits. For this purpose, a new synthetic boron raw material, obtained on an industrial scale by calcination of a mixture of different compounds, was used (Patent WO2007148101 A1). The new boron raw material was characterised by determining its chemical and mineralogical composition, its most noteworthy microstructural features (using scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDX)), its thermal behaviour (using hot stage microscopy), and its solubility in aqueous medium under similar conditions to those used in industrial glaze preparation. It was verified that, in both the calcined borate suspensions and the glaze compositions that contained this raw material as an ingredient, the maximum concentrations of the different dissolved ions were sufficiently low to enable the material to be used without its leading to rheological problems in the studied glaze suspensions. More than 50 fritless glaze compositions were formulated, prepared, applied on different bodies, and fired, with a view to selecting the best glaze compositions for use as industrial earthenware tile, stoneware floor tile, and porcelain tile glazes, with glossy, matt, and satin finishes. Each selected formulation was used to prepare glaze compositions and fired glaze coatings, the most noteworthy properties and characteristics of which were determined. When the results were compared with those obtained using conventional industrial glazes, it was verified that, from both a technical and an aesthetic viewpoint, the new glazes were satisfactory. In the second part of the work, the physico-chemical transformations that developed during firing of the new boron raw material and four different glaze compositions were studied in depth, focusing in particular on the sintering phenomenon. In order to study the process kinetics, the calculation methods used in the thermal analysis of solid-state reactions were adapted to the sintering data obtained by hot stage microscopy at different heating rates. It was verified that, even for the most complex glaze compositions, the overall sintering process was perfectly described by means of a kinetic model consisting of several individual steps, three at most, which developed in parallel. Each of the individual steps fitted well to the Avrami–Erofeev model with a constant value of the Avrami index for each type of material. The developed kinetic model of sintering was used to calculate the effective viscosity curve of each material, and the results were compared with those obtained using other methods (fixed viscosity points and theoretical estimation from the chemical and mineralogical composition). The agreement between the results obtained by the different procedures was satisfactory in every case.
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Thomas, Rebecca Ferrell. "Enamel defects, well-being and mortality in a medieval Danish Village." 2003. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-300/index.html.

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Gamble, Julia A. "A bioarchaeological approach to stress and health in medieval Denmark: dental enamel defects and adult health in two medieval Danish populations." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30198.

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This research engages in a bioarchaeological analysis of two medieval Danish sites using combined microscopic and macroscopic methods in order to investigate three objectives. The first was to consider the relationship between childhood stress and adult health through the joint consideration of microscopic enamel defects and adult health indicators. Given the context of these populations over a period of history characterized by changing climate and socioeconomic conditions, punctuated by famine and plague, this research also sought to examine temporal patterns in health and stress. Given the increased urbanization over the medieval period, the final objective was to consider health patterns between rural and urban populations. The results showed that the number of stress events did have an impact on later life mortality, and that there was differential expression of this relationship between males and females and between surface and internal enamel defects. A statistically significant decrease in stature was apparent after 1350 A.D. as well as an insignificant increase in tuberculosis and treponema, but an insignificant increase in age at death over time. The inter-site comparison showed higher rates of infectious disease at the rural site of Sejet, with tuberculosis in particular being significantly higher in females at Sejet. Mean age at death was also significantly lower at Sejet for the study sample, but a consideration of the broader cemetery sample showed no significant site differences, suggesting that this might be a sampling phenomenon. These patterns likely reflect the complex nature of the rural and urban interaction during this period, but also emphasize the need for further sampling. This research points to the complex relationship between stress and health and outlines the importance of developing more comprehensive etiological models and operational definitions for identifying stress indicators in dental enamel.
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Brettell, Rhea C., J. Evans, S. Marzinzik, A. Lamb, and Janet Montgomery. "'Impious easterners': can oxygen and strontium isotopes serve as indicators of provenance in early medieval European cemetery populations?" 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5860.

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no
Considerable debate persists concerning the origins of those involved in the adventus Saxonum: the arrival of Germanic peoples in Britain during the fifth century AD. This question was investigated using oxygen and strontium isotope ratios obtained from archaeological dental samples from individuals in the ¿Migration Period¿ cemetery, Ringlemere, Kent (n = 7) and three continental European sites (n = 17). Results demonstrated that strontium alone is unable to distinguish between individuals from south-eastern England and north-western Europe. Although 87Sr/86Sr values from Ringlemere fell within local biosphere parameters and suggest a spatially and temporally related group, ¿18O values were inconsistent with origins in eastern England or on the North German plain. Results from the European sites negate past climate change as an explanation. It is possible that culturally mediated behaviour has obscured geographical relationships. Further work to characterize water sources and human ¿18O values in the putative European homelands is required.
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Books on the topic "Enamel and enameling, Medieval"

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Geneviève, François, ed. Emaux méridionaux: Catalogue international de l'œuvre de Limoges. Paris: Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1987.

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(Hungary), Iparművészeti Múzeum. Európai zománcművesség: A középkortól a szecesszióig : válogatás az Iparművészeti Múzeum Gyüjteményeiböl = European enamelling : from the middle ages to the art nouveau : selected pieces from the Museum of Applied Arts. Budapest: Iparművészeti Múzeum = Museum of Applied Arts, 1991.

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Liebgott, Niels-Knud. Middelalderens emaljekunst. København: Nationalmuseet, 1986.

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Email im frühen Mittelalter: Frühchristliche Kunst von der Spätantike bis zu den Karolingern. Marburg: Hitzeroth, 1990.

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Emaux d'al-Andalus et du Maghreb. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1994.

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British Museum. Catalogue of medieval enamels in the British Museum. London: British Museum Press, 1993.

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Erika, Speel, and Grünes Gewölbe (Museum : Dresden, Germany), eds. Maleremail aus Limoges im Grünen Gewölbe. Dresden: Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, 2008.

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1904-, Ross Marvin C., Zwirn Stephen R, and Boyd Susan A, eds. Catalogue of the Byzantine and early medieval antiquities in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2005.

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Bequest, Fitzwilliam Museum McClean. Fitzwilliam Museum, McClean Bequest: Catalogue of the mediaeval ivories, enamels, jewellery, gems and miscellaneous objects bequeathed to the museum by Frank McClean, M.A. F.R.S. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Dahm, Friedrich. Studien zur Ikonographie des Klosterneuburger Emailwerkes des Nicolaus von Verdun. Wien: VWGÖ, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Enamel and enameling, Medieval"

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Chakraborty, Murali. "Porcelain Enameling Aluminum Cookware." In 61st Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 20, Issue 5, 25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294581.ch3.

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Wilczynski, Mike. "Enameling Activities in China." In 61st Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 20, Issue 5, 187–89. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294581.ch31.

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Pew, Steve. "The Who, What, Why, Where and When of Cast Iron Enameling." In Advances in Porcelain Enamel Technology, 177–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470640906.ch33.

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Kopplin, Kara. "Enameling Unique Low-Volume Products." In 61st Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 20, Issue 5, 27–29. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294581.ch4.

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Long, Robert. "Six Decades of Porcelain Enameling." In 67th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 26, Number 9, 1–5. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291290.ch1.

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Sparreo, Carmen L., and Robert Vandenberg. "Application of Porcelain Enamel by the Electrophoretic Enameling Process." In 60th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 19, Issue 5, 151–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294512.ch27.

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Altemus, George F. "Porcelain Enameling Steels: Products and Applications." In 65th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 24, Issue 5, 23–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294840.ch4.

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Embly, Donald R. "Surface Preparation and the Porcelain Enameling Industry." In 62nd Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 21, Issue 5, 43–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294642.ch7.

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Faust, William D. "Technological Changes in Porcelain Enameling, 1955-2005." In 67th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 26, Number 9, 153–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291290.ch22.

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Biller, Larry N. "New Concepts in Two-Coat/One-Fire Enameling." In 60th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 19, Issue 5, 81. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294512.ch18.

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