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Academic literature on the topic 'Encéphalite – Modèles animaux'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Encéphalite – Modèles animaux"
Pagé, Julie. "Régulation et fonctions du récepteur GPR84 dans le cerveau dans des conditions inflamatoires." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20739.
Full textParé, Alexandre. "Rôles du système de l'interleukine-1β dans l'encéphalite auto-immune expérimentale, un modèle de sclérose en plaques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29628.
Full textInterleukin-1b (IL-1b) is an inflammatory cytokine that actively participates in sterile and pathogen-dependant immune responses. Given its mighty inflammatory potential, regulatory defects in the IL-1b system may participate to the pathophysiology of some diseases and syndromes. One such plausible pathology is multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of demyelinating plaques in the central nervous system (CNS), neurodegeneration as well as motor and cognitive defects. The main objective of this thesis was to study the contribution of the IL-1b system in a mouse model of the disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which mimics several aspects of the human pathology. The results of these experiments were incorporated into two scientific studies included in this thesis. The first study allowed us to confirm the importance of IL-1b and its receptor, IL-1R1, in the development of paralysis in EAE. We were able to identify myeloid cells (neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages) as the principal sources of IL-1b in EAE. The study also allowed us to examine the ignificance of the effects of IL-1b on CNS endothelial cells. In the second study, we showed that the production of IL-1b by inflammatory monocytes was crucial for their migration into the CNS parenchyma. Once inside the CNS, monocytes acquire an antigen-presenting cell phenotype and activate CD4+ T lymphocytes in an IL-1b-dependant manner. This activation gives an highly inflammatory and neurotoxic phenotype to CD4+ T cells. Overall, the results presented in this thesis show that the IL-1b system regulates several cellular mechanisms implicated in the development and exacerbation of CNS autoimmunity. This work and the work of others justify a more exhaustive study of the molecular signals induced by IL-1b in CNS endothelial cells and T lymphocytes, both in EAE and multiple sclerosis. These studies could lead to the identification of therapeutic targets that would only impact the negative and pathogenic effects mediated by IL-1b.
Cordeau, Pierre Jr. "IMAGERIE IN VIVO DE LA RÉPONSE NEUROINFLAMMATOIRE : LA RÉPONSE ASTROCYTAIRE SUITE À UNE ISCHÉMIE CÉRÉBRALE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25249/25249.pdf.
Full textMenasria, Rafik. "Caractérisation de la réponse immunitaire innée médiée par les monocytes/macrophages dans un modéle murin d'encéphalite herpétique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29754/29754.pdf.
Full textBoillot, Morgane. "Etude de la fonction de la protéine LGI1 impliquée dans les épilepsies du lobe temporal." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066408.
Full textMutations in the gene LGI1 (leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1) have been reported in families with autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features (ADEAF). ADEAF is a well-defined inherited condition consisting of adolescence/early adulthood-onset lateral temporal seizures. Moreover, LGI1 antibodies are involved in autoimmune limbic encephalitis, an acquired epileptic disorder of adulthood associated with memory loss and confusion. LGI1 loss-of-function caused by haploinsufficiency (ADEAF) or by autoimmunity (limbic encephalitis) triggers seizures in Human. LGI1 is a secreted neuronal protein. Its function in the brain is still uncertain and controversial, but there is evidence that LGI1 acts at the glutamatergic synapses and in the maturation of glutamatergic neurons during postnatal development. To mimic LGI1 loss-of-function in animal, a knockout mouse model has been previously generated. Germline Lgi1-deficient mice (Lgi1-/-) recapitulate several features of the human disease with early-onset spontaneous seizures.During the first part of my thesis project, I generated Lgi1 conditional knockout mice and characterized their phenotype. Selective deletion of Lgi1 in glutamatergic neurons during embryogenesis or adulthood is sufficient to generate spontaneous seizures. In contrast, neither spontaneous seizures nor increased seizure susceptibility to convulsant were observed when Lgi1 deletion was restricted to parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. Together, these data suggested that Lgi1 secreted from excitatory neurons makes a major contribution to the pathogenesis of LGI1-related epilepsies. We also demonstrated that Lgi1 is required from embryogenesis to adulthood to maintain normal circuit excitability. During the second part, we showed, using germline Lgi1-/- mice, that Lgi1 deficiency does not alter the dendritic or synaptic morphology of glutamatergic neurons. However, it induces an increased synaptic release of glutamate that leads to an increased glutamatergic transmission. This effect suggests a presynaptic role for Lgi1. By preceding seizure onset, it may underlie the epileptic phenotype. Next step will be to precise how LGI1 acts at the presynaptic side. Also, the recent identification of mutations in the gene RELN in ADEAF will certainly open new avenue, especially LGI1 and Reelin interaction studies
Rouger, Laurie. "Implication de la protéine Mitochondriale UCP2 dans la réponse immunitaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25244/25244.pdf.
Full textRafiki, Bassera Amina. "Les récepteurs au glutamate de type NMDA : étude de leur expression au cours du développement et dans deux modèles animaux d'épilepsie ; étude des relations structure/fonction et des interactions avec les protéines à domaines PDZ." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T029.
Full textBoivin, Nicolas. "Le virus herpès simplex de type 1 et la réponse immunitaire cérébrale innée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29711/29711.pdf.
Full textFournier, Antoine. "Imagerie par résonnance magnétique moléculaire et inflammation des barrières biologiques dans les modèles de sclérose en plaques." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC410/document.
Full textDeveloping new strategies to detect disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential to improve the diagnosis and follow-up of this pathology. To this aim, we used microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) coupled to an antibody specific to the P-selectin or MAdCAM-1 protein. In this thesis, we establish that molecular MRI specific to P-selectin protein is able to detect the pathological events that take place in the spinal cord of chronic and relapsing-remitting models of MS in mice. Interestingly, we show here that this MRI technique can predict the apparition of relapses and recoveries in EAE. Moreover, we demonstrate that MRI specific to MAdCAM-1 protein is able to detect the gut inflammation that takes place in models of bowel diseases or MS. The innovative MRI techniques developed in this study could bring new advances in the diagnosis and prognosis of MS relapses by targeting gut inflammation. In the last part of this work, we report that the glymphatic system also exists in the spinal cord parenchyma of the mouse. In EAE, the activity of this system is reduced in the spinal cord but not in the brain or cerebellum. This alteration is associated to inflammatory cell accumulation within the perivascular space, AQP4 disorganization and leads to a large increase of ventricular volume. These disruptions could contribute to the MS pathophysiology. Our results hold significant promise for the development of new therapeutic strategies
Jeulin, Hélène. "Impact virologique et pharmacologique de la complexation de la ribavirine aux cyclodextrines sur un modèle animal d'encéphalite rougeoleuse." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10117/document.
Full textThe objective of this work was to study the antiviral activity of ribavirin on measles encephalitis infection when using cyclodextrins as carriers. Ribavirin is a water-soluble synthetic nucleoside with broad spectrum antiviral properties, but it is ineffective against major viral encephalitis because of a failure to cross the blood brain barrier. The use of cyclic oligosaccharides can promote the activity of many drugs and the benefit of the association of ribavirin with alpha- or beta-cyclodextrine has already been demonstrated in vitro. The antiviral activity of the ribavirin/cyclodextrin complexes has been evaluated in vivo using an experimental model based on intracranial injection of the rodent adapted CAM/RB strain of measles virus in CBA/ca mice. Measles encephalitis development was monitored daily by viral load determination in mice brain. Intraperitoneal administration of the complex ribavirin/alpha-cyclodextrin (40 mg/kg of ribavirin) decreased the morbidity and the mortality of measles virus infected mice compared to free ribavirin treatment and the viral load in the brain is reduced at day 6 post-inoculation. At the opposite beta-cyclodextrin did not enhanced ribavirin in vivo antiviral activity. The role of alpha-cyclodextrin thus required to be defined and notably the hypothesis of ribavirin permeation enhancement through the blood brain barrier. Ribavirin specific extraction from brain tissue was developed, based on a solid phase extraction. It was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography at different time points after intraperitoneal injection of single or multiple doses of free ribavirin or of the complex ribavirin/alpha-cyclodextrin. Whatever the tested doses, quantity of ribavirin in the brain is significantly higher when the drug is injected as a complex with alpha-cyclodextrin, in healthy or measles virus-infected mice. So pharmacokinetic of ribavirin in brain tissue explains the advantage of the complex ribavirin/alpha-cyclodextrin over ribavirin in protecting mice from intracerebral infection with measles virus and confirms the interest of cyclodextrin complexes for human central nervous system diseases treatment