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1
Vollmer, Michael. "Buchbesprechung: The Optics Encyclopedia von Th. G. Brown." Physik in unserer Zeit 35, no. 4 (2004): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/piuz.200490066.
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Murray, Lisa. "Review of Andrew Brown-May and Shurlee Swain’s The Encyclopedia of Melbourne." History Australia 3, no. 2 (2006): 65.1–65.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/ha060065.
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WALSHAM, ALEXANDRA. "The Encyclopedia of Melbourne Edited by Andrew Brown-May and Shurlee Swain." History 92, no. 307 (2007): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2007.401_12.x.
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Zhang, Minghui, and Kunlun Liu. "Lipid and Protein Oxidation of Brown Rice and Selenium-Rich Brown Rice during Storage." Foods 11, no. 23 (2022): 3878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233878.
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Selenium-rich rice has become one of the effective ways to increase people’s selenium intake. Selenium-containing proteins have higher antioxidant properties, which may lead to selenium-rich brown rice (Se-BR) having better storage stability than ordinary brown rice (BR). By measuring the peroxidation value, fatty acid value, carbonyl value and protein secondary structure, it was found that Se-BR had higher oxidation resistance stability than BR. The biological function of the differential proteins (DEPs) between ordinary brown rice stored for 0 days (BR-0) and 180 days (BR-6) as well as Se-rich brown rice stored for 0 days (Se-0) and 180 days (Se-6) was investigated by using iTRAQ. A total of 237, 235, 113 and 213 DEPs were identified from group A (BR-0/BR-6), group B (Se-0/Se-6), group C (BR-0/Se-0) and group D (BR-6/Se-6), respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the DEPs were mainly enriched in glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation, glutathione metabolism, sulfur metabolism, peroxisome and other metabolic pathways. This study provides theoretical support for the study of protein oxidation kinetics and storage quality control of brown rice during storage.
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Callenbach, Ernest. ": New York Times Encyclopedia of Film 1896-1979 . Gene Brown, Harry M. Geduld." Film Quarterly 38, no. 4 (1985): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.1985.38.4.04a00300.
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Song, Tingting, Yingyue Shen, Qunli Jin, Weilin Feng, Lijun Fan, and Weiming Cai. "Comparative phosphoproteome analysis to identify candidate phosphoproteins involved in blue light-induced brown film formation in Lentinula edodes." PeerJ 8 (December 18, 2020): e9859. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9859.
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Light plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of Lentinula edodes mycelia, and mycelial morphology is influenced by light wavelengths. The blue light-induced formation of brown film on the vegetative mycelial tissues of L. edodes is an important process. However, the mechanisms of L. edodes’ brown film formation, as induced by blue light, are still unclear. Using a high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry integrated with a highly sensitive immune-affinity antibody method, phosphoproteomes of L. edodes mycelia under red- and blue-light conditions were analyzed. A total of 11,224 phosphorylation sites were identified on 2,786 proteins, of which 9,243 sites on 2,579 proteins contained quantitative information. In total, 475 sites were up-regulated and 349 sites were down-regulated in the blue vs red group. To characterize the differentially phosphorylated proteins, systematic bioinformatics analyses, including gene ontology annotations, domain annotations, subcellular localizations, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotations, were performed. These differentially phosphorylated proteins were correlated with light signal transduction, cell wall degradation, and melanogenesis, suggesting that these processes are involved in the formation of the brown film. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the blue light-induced brown film formation at the post-translational modification level.
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Covington, Michael A. "Concise encyclopedia of syntactic theories Ed. by Keith Brown and Jim Miller, and: Concise encyclopedia of philosophy of language Ed. by Peter V. Lamarque." Language 76, no. 1 (2000): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2000.0052.
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Callenbach, Ernest. "Review: New York Times Encyclopedia of Film 1896-1979 by Gene Brown, Harry M. Geduld." Film Quarterly 38, no. 4 (1985): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1212414.
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Johnson, Wendell G. "A review of "African Americans and Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia", Edited by Delores D. Jones-Brown." Community & Junior College Libraries 20, no. 3-4 (2014): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763915.2015.1051912.
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Corrêa, Luiz Liberato Costa, Natascha Horn, Caroline dos Santos Brückmann, Vinicius Weber, Antônio Coimbra de Brum, and Maria Vírginia Petry. "Aberrant plumage records in Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis (Aves: Charadriidae)." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15, no. 3 (2020): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.15.e55754.
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Aberrant colored plumages in birds are not uncommon events in nature. These cases might be associated with genetic, environmental and nutritional factors, the presence of parasites, or even age. This study had the objective of reporting two new aberrant plumage cases in Vanellus chilensis individuals, an individual with progressive greying and a melanistic one, and review information available at the “Birds of Brazil Encyclopedia” (WikiAves). The study also presents a case review of published cases in indexed journals about V. chilensis aberrant coloring published in indexed journals. In total, 24 cases of V. chilensis individuals with aberrant plumage are known. For some cases following current specialized literature, we only suggest changes to progressive graying and brown. Finally, we encourage researchers to publish their records of birds with aberrant plumage in scientific journals.
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Xue, Junqiang, Lu Chen, Hao Cheng, et al. "The Identification and Validation of Hub Genes Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, no. 1 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9010030.
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Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), one of the most severe and fatal cardiovascular diseases, remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential biomarkers for AMI based on bioinformatics analysis. A total of 2102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out from the data obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) explored the co-expression network of DEGs and determined the key module. The brown module was selected as the key one correlated with AMI. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that genes in the brown module were mainly enriched in ‘ribosomal subunit’ and ‘Ribosome’. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that ‘TNFA_SIGNALING_VIA_NFKB’ was remarkably enriched in AMI. Based on the protein–protein interaction network, ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9) and ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26) were identified as the hub genes. Additionally, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results indicated that the expression levels of RPL9 and RPL26 were both downregulated in AMI patients compared with controls, in accordance with the bioinformatics analysis. In summary, the identified DEGs, modules, pathways, and hub genes provide clues and shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms of AMI.
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Darrow, Sheila L. "Encyclopedia of the Harlem Literary Renaissance2006320Lois Brown. Encyclopedia of the Harlem Literary Renaissance. New York, NY: Facts on File 2006. ix + 612 pp. £44.50/$65, ISBN: 0 8160 4967 X." Reference Reviews 20, no. 6 (2006): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120610687281.
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Ammah, Adolf, Duy Do, Nathalie Bissonnette, Nicolas Gévry, and Eveline Ibeagha-Awemu. "Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies miRNA–mRNA Networks Potentially Regulating Milk Traits and Blood Metabolites." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (2018): 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092500.
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MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate mRNA networks to coordinate cellular functions. In this study, we constructed gene co-expression networks to detect miRNA modules (clusters of miRNAs with similar expression patterns) and miRNA–mRNA pairs associated with blood (triacylglyceride and nonesterified fatty acids) and milk (milk yield, fat, protein, and lactose) components and milk fatty acid traits following dietary supplementation of cows’ diets with 5% linseed oil (LSO) (n = 6 cows) or 5% safflower oil (SFO) (n = 6 cows) for 28 days. Using miRNA transcriptome data from mammary tissues of cows for co-expression network analysis, we identified three consensus modules: blue, brown, and turquoise, composed of 70, 34, and 86 miRNA members, respectively. The hub miRNAs (miRNAs with the most connections with other miRNAs) were miR-30d, miR-484 and miR-16b for blue, brown, and turquoise modules, respectively. Cell cycle arrest, and p53 signaling and transforming growth factor–beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways were the common gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched for target genes of the three modules. Protein percent (p = 0.03) correlated with the turquoise module in LSO treatment while protein yield (p = 0.003) and milk yield (p = 7 × 10−04) correlated with the turquoise model, protein and milk yields and lactose percent (p < 0.05) correlated with the blue module and fat percent (p = 0.04) correlated with the brown module in SFO treatment. Several fatty acids correlated (p < 0.05) with the blue (CLA:9,11) and brown (C4:0, C12:0, C22:0, C18:1n9c and CLA:10,12) modules in LSO treatment and with the turquoise (C14:0, C18:3n3 and CLA:9,11), blue (C14:0 and C23:0) and brown (C6:0, C16:0, C22:0, C22:6n3 and CLA:10,12) modules in SFO treatment. Correlation of miRNA and mRNA data from the same animals identified the following miRNA–mRNA pairs: miR-183/RHBDD2 (p = 0.003), miR-484/EIF1AD (p = 0.011) and miR-130a/SBSPON (p = 0.004) with lowest p-values for the blue, brown, and turquoise modules, respectively. Milk yield, protein yield, and protein percentage correlated (p < 0.05) with 28, 31 and 5 miRNA–mRNA pairs, respectively. Our results suggest that, the blue, brown, and turquoise modules miRNAs, hub miRNAs, miRNA–mRNA networks, cell cycle arrest GO term, p53 signaling and TGF-β signaling pathways have considerable influence on milk and blood phenotypes following dietary supplementation of dairy cows’ diets with 5% LSO or 5% SFO.
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Wang, Ni, Chao Zhang, Min Chen, et al. "Characterization of MicroRNAs Associated with Reproduction in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (2022): 7808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147808.
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Insects have a robust capacity to produce offspring for propagation, and the reproductive events of female insects have been achieved at the molecular and physiological levels via regulatory gene pathways. However, the roles of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the reproductive development of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, remain largely unexplored. To understand the roles of miRNAs in reproductive development, miRNAs were identified by Solexa sequencing in short-winged (SW) female adults of BPH. Small RNA libraries derived from three developmental phases (1 day, 3 days, and 5 days after emergence) were constructed and sequenced. We identified 905 miRNAs, including 263 known and 642 novel miRNAs. Among them, a total of 43 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the three developmental phases, and 14,568 putative targets for 43 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were predicted by TargetScan and miRanda. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the predicted miRNA targets illustrated the putative roles for these DEMs in reproduction. The progress events were annotated, including oogenesis, lipid biosynthetic process, and related pathways such as apoptosis, ABC transporters, and amino acid metabolism. Four highly abundant DEMs (miR-9a-5p, miR-34-5p, miR-275-3p, and miR-317-3p) were further screened, and miR-34-5p was confirmed to be involved in the regulation of reproduction. Overexpression of miR-34-5p via injecting its mimics reduced fecundity and decreased Vg expression. Moreover, target genes prediction for miR-34-5p showed they might be involved in 20E signaling cascades, apoptosis, and gonadal development, including hormone receptor 4 (HR4), caspase-1 (Cp-1), and spermatogenesis-associated protein 20 (SPATA20). These findings provide a valuable resource for future studies on the role of miRNAs in BPH reproductive development.
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Wang, Linjie, Xin Yang, Yuehua Zhu, et al. "Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs of Brown to White Adipose Tissue Transformation in Goats." Cells 8, no. 8 (2019): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8080904.
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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the thermogenesis and energy storage of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, knowledge of the cellular transition from BAT to white adipose tissue (WAT) and the potential role of lncRNAs in goat adipose tissue remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the transformation from BAT to WAT using histological and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene analyses. Brown adipose tissue mainly existed within the goat perirenal fat at 1 day and there was obviously a transition from BAT to WAT from 1 day to 1 year. The RNA libraries constructed from the perirenal adipose tissues of 1 day, 30 days, and 1 year goats were sequenced. A total number of 21,232 lncRNAs from perirenal fat were identified, including 5393 intronic-lncRNAs and 3546 antisense-lncRNAs. Furthermore, a total of 548 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected across three stages (fold change ≥ 2.0, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), and six lncRNAs were validated by qPCR. Furthermore, trans analysis found lncRNAs that were transcribed close to 890 protein-coding genes. Additionally, a coexpression network suggested that 4519 lncRNAs and 5212 mRNAs were potentially in trans-regulatory relationships (r > 0.95 or r < −0.95). In addition, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that the targeted genes were involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid elongation and metabolism, the citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The present study provides a comprehensive catalog of lncRNAs involved in the transformation from BAT to WAT and provides insight into understanding the role of lncRNAs in goat brown adipogenesis.
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Peng, Yifan, Jifeng Tang, and Jiaqin Xie. "Transcriptomic Analysis of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, at Different Stages after Metarhizium anisopliae Challenge." Insects 11, no. 2 (2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11020139.
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Nilaparvata lugens is one of the major pests of rice and results in substantial yield loss every year. Our previous study found that the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae showed effective potential for controlling this pest. However, the mechanisms underlying M. anisopliae infection of N. lugens are not well known. In the present study, we further examined the transcriptome of N. lugens at 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h after M. anisopliae infection by Illumina deep sequencing. In total, 174.17 Gb of data was collected after sequencing, from which 23,398 unigenes were annotated by various databases, including 3694 newly annotated genes. The results showed that there were 246 vs 75, 275 vs 586, 378 vs 1055, and 638 vs 182 up- and downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h after M. anisopliae infection, respectively. The biological functions and associated metabolic processes of these genes were determined with the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The DEGs data were verified using RT-qPCR. These results indicated that the DEGs during the initial fungal infection appropriately reflected the time course of the response to the fungal infection. Taken together, the results of this study provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the insect host response to fungal infection, especially during the initial stage of infection, and may improve the potential control strategies for N. lugens.
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Yao, Lidan, Aodungerile Bao, Wenjuan Hong, et al. "Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals key genes of different coat color in sheep skin." PeerJ 7 (November 21, 2019): e8077. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8077.
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Background To investigate the molecular mechanisms determining the coat color of native breed sheep in Xinjiang. Methods Bashibai sheep, Yemule white sheep and Tulufan black sheep were selected. Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing technology was used to detect the genes responsible for the white, light brown, black and cyan gray coat colors in sheep. Sequence analysis and functional gene annotation analysis were performed to analyze the results. The signal pathways and differentially expressed genes related to sheep hair color production regulation were screened and finally verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Functional annotation by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed significant differences in enrichment of immunity-related pathways as well as melanogenesis synthetic and tyrosine metabolism pathways. Our results showed that the DCT, TYR, TYRP1, PMEL, SLC45A2 and MLANA six genes may be associated with the regulation of coat color development and provide a theoretical basis for selecting natural coat colors of sheep.
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Ames, A. L. "Simon J. Bronner and Joshua R. Brown, eds., Pennsylvania Germans: An Interpretive Encyclopedia (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins UP, 2017), 554 pp." Amerikastudien/American Studies 64, no. 4 (2020): 617–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33675/amst/2019/4/11.
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Xu, Le, Jiao Zhang, Anran Zhan, et al. "Identification and Analysis of MicroRNAs Associated with Wing Polyphenism in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (2020): 9754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249754.
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Many insects are capable of developing two types of wings (i.e., wing polyphenism) to adapt to various environments. Though the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating animal growth and development have been well studied, their potential roles in modulating wing polyphenism remain largely elusive. To identify wing polyphenism-related miRNAs, we isolated small RNAs from 1st to 5th instar nymphs of long-wing (LW) and short-wing (SW) strains of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. Small RNA libraries were then constructed and sequenced, yielding 158 conserved and 96 novel miRNAs. Among these, 122 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the two BPH strains. Specifically, 47, 2, 27 and 41 miRNAs were more highly expressed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars, respectively, of the LW strain compared with the SW strain. In contrast, 47, 3, 29 and 25 miRNAs were more highly expressed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars, respectively, of the SW strain compared with the LW strain. Next, we predicted the targets of these miRNAs and carried out Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. We found that a number of pathways might be involved in wing form determination, such as the insulin, MAPK, mTOR, FoxO and thyroid hormone signaling pathways and the thyroid hormone synthesis pathway. Thirty and 45 differentially expressed miRNAs targeted genes in the insulin signaling and insect hormone biosynthesis pathways, respectively, which are related to wing dimorphism. Among these miRNAs, Nlu-miR-14-3p, Nlu-miR-9a-5p and Nlu-miR-315-5p, were confirmed to interact with insulin receptors (NlInRs) in dual luciferase reporter assays. These discoveries are helpful for understanding the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism of wing polyphenism in BPHs and shed new light on how insects respond to environmental cues through developmental plasticity.
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Borodai, I. "ACADEMICIAN V. BURKAT – PUBLICIST, HISTORIAN AND POPULARIZER OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN UKRAINE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 51 (March 28, 2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.51.02.
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The author has proved that doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, academician V. Burkat was a talented publicist, a promoter of national agricultural science achievements.The author has used general scientific, interdisciplinary and historical research methods. She has also used methods of archive and literature source analysis. The basis of the literature source base is scientific papers of doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, academician V. Burkat.The article shows that V. Burkat is a co-founder of the historical-biographical series, encyclopedic, reference and bibliographic publications, editor of the scientific-themed digests, author of fundamental scientific papers. One of the greatest achievements of the scientist is active participation in the intensive deployment of encyclopedic work in Ukraine. He was a member of the main editorial board of the "Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine" from 1997. During the life years he published eight volumes of this edition. In the last years Institute of Encyclopedic Research started preparing another encyclopedic edition – Universal Encyclopedia of Ukraine. V. Burkat prepared dictionary of agricultural section. He believed the leading field of research on the history of domestic agricultural science should become agricultural biographу studies. The first step in this direction was the establishment of historical and biographical series "Ukrainian Agrarian Scientists of the Twentieth Century" in 1997. He produced nine books in the series, which highlighted the life, scientific and public activities of 1270 Ukrainian agrarian scientists. V. Burkat took an active part in the preparation of publications on the activities of scientists in the field of animal husbandry to their anniversaries. These are conference theses, monographs on the life and work of F. Faltz-Fein, I. Ivanov, M. Ivanov, I. Smirnov, O. Yatsenko, F. Eisner, M. Kravchenko, O. Kvasnytsky and others. The scientist contributed to the establishment and development of national agricultural bibliography. Bibliographies of leading scientists in the field of animal breeding, corresponding members of NAAS F. Eisner and M. Efymenko, professors I. Smirnov and V. Konovalov, doctors I. Petrenko and B. Podoba were issued by his scientific edition.The author has justified that academician V. Burkat is one of the drafters of the branch thematic bibliography "The Beef Cattle: Past, Present and Future. 1950-2004". He proposed to establish new serial publication "Scientific Agricultural School". V. Burkat provided special attention to popularization of some research scientific and industrial institutions that considered as the main link towards building of national agricultural experimantal work on animal husbandry. In particular, he prepared a series of publications which summarized the main stages of NAAS and IABG activities.V. Burkat`s contribution to the popularization of Ukrainian scientists’ achievements on animal husbandry is particularly significant. He prepared the reference editions "Breeding Work" (1995), "Breeding Resources of Ukraine" (1998), "Selection Achievements in Animal Breeding" (2000). The documentaries "Brown Dairy Breed", "Red Breed", "Red-and-White Breed", "Black-and-White Breed" prepared by academician V. Burkat in 1989 profit presentation of breeding achievements of Ukrainian scientists in the field of animal husbandry.V. Burkat initiated the publication of scientific and practical bulletin "Selection", which provided systematic information on development of the selection process of the improvement of existing and creation of new highly productive breeds and types of farm animals.V. Burkat was a member of the editorial board of the journals «Animal Husbandry of Ukraine" (1978-2009), "Journal of Agricultural Sciences" (1986-1989), "Biology of Animals" (1999-2009), "Fisheries Science" (2007); scientific thematic collections of "Dairy and Beef Cattle" (1982-1987), "Journal of Cherkassy Institute of Agroindustrial Production" (2000-2009), "Bulletin of the Ukrainian Society of Geneticists and Breeders" (2003-2009), abstract journal "Agriculture of Ukraine "(1999-2009), interdepartmental thematic scientific digest "Animal Breeding and Genetics" and others.
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Yan, XiangMin, Jia Wang, Hongbo Li, et al. "Combined transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal differences in the longissimus dorsi muscle between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle." Animal Bioscience 34, no. 9 (2021): 1439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ab.20.0751.
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Objective: With the rapid development of proteomics sequencing and RNA sequencing technology, multi-omics analysis has become a current research hotspot. Our previous study indicated that Xinjiang brown cattle have better meat quality than Kazakh cattle. In this study, Xinjiang brown cattle and Kazakh cattle were used as the research objects.Methods: Proteome sequencing and RNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the proteome and transcriptome of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the two breeds of adult steers (n = 3).Results: In this project, 22,677 transcripts and 1,874 proteins were identified through quantitative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome. By comparing the identified transcriptome and proteome, we found that 1,737 genes were identified at both the transcriptome and proteome levels. The results of the study revealed 12 differentially expressed genes and proteins: troponin I1, crystallin alpha B, cysteine, and glycine rich protein 3, phosphotriesterase-related, myosin-binding protein H, glutathione s-transferase mu 3, myosin light chain 3, nidogen 2, dihydropyrimidinase like 2, glutamate-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, receptor accessory protein 5, and aspartoacylase. We performed functional enrichment of these differentially expressed genes and proteins. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes results showed that these differentially expressed genes and proteins are enriched in the fatty acid degradation and histidine metabolism signaling pathways. We performed parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) verification of the differentially expressed proteins, and the PRM results were consistent with the sequencing results.Conclusion: Our study provided and identified the differentially expressed genes and proteins. In addition, identifying functional genes and proteins with important breeding value will provide genetic resources and technical support for the breeding and industrialization of new genetically modified beef cattle breeds.
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Xiao, Bin, Guozhu Wang, and Weiwei Li. "Weighted gene correlation network analysis reveals novel biomarkers associated with mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation in early phase." PeerJ 8 (April 3, 2020): e8907. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8907.
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Osteoporosis is a major public health problem that is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is increasing as the world’s population ages. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of the disease is becoming a high priority. In this regard, studies have shown that an imbalance in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is associated with osteoporosis. In this study, we conducted a Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis to identify gene modules associated with the differentiation of bone marrow MSCs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome enrichment analysis showed that the most significant module, the brown module, was enriched with genes involved in cell cycle regulation, which is in line with the initial results published using these data. In addition, the Cytoscape platform was used to identify important hub genes and lncRNAs correlated with the gene modules. Furthermore, differential gene expression analysis identified 157 and 40 genes that were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, after 3 h of MSCs differentiation. Interestingly, regulatory network analysis, and comparison of the differentially expressed genes with those in the brown module identified potential novel biomarker genes, including two transcription factors (ZNF740, FOS) and two hub genes (FOXQ1, SGK1), which were further validated for differential expression in another data set of differentiation of MSCs. Finally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that the two most important candidate hub genes are involved in regulatory pathways, such as the JAK-STAT and RAS signaling pathways. In summary, we have revealed new molecular mechanisms of MSCs differentiation and identified novel genes that could be used as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Shen, Hailiang, Linhua Huang, Huating Dou, Yali Yang, and Houjiu Wu. "Effect of Trilobatin from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd on Gut Microbiota of Obese Rats Induced by a High-Fat Diet." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (2021): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030891.
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Trilobatin was identified as the primary bioactive component in the Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd (LPR) leaves. This study explored the antiobesity effect of trilobatin from LPR leaves and its influence on gut microbiota in obese rats. Results showed that trilobatin could significantly reduce body and liver weight gain induced by a high-fat diet, and the accumulation of perirenal fat, epididymal fat, and brown fat of SD (Male Sprague–Dawley) obese rats in a dose-independent manner. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations increased, especially the concentration of butyrate. Trilobatin supplementation could significantly increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Prevotella, CF231, Bacteroides, and Oscillospira, and decrease greatly the abundance of Blautia, Allobaculum, Phascolarctobacterium, and Coprococcus, resulting in an increase of the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (except the genera of Lactobacillus and Oscillospira). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway predicted by the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) indicated the different relative metabolic pathways after trilobatin supplementation. This study may reveal the contribution of gut microbiota to the antiobesity effect of trilobatin from LPR leaves and predict the potential regulatory mechanism for obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
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Ren, Yanjing, Ning Zhang, Ru Li, Xiaomin Ma, and Lugang Zhang. "Comparative transcriptome and flavonoids components analysis reveal the structural genes responsible for the yellow seed coat color of Brassica rapa L." PeerJ 9 (March 4, 2021): e10770. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10770.
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Background Seed coat color is an important horticultural trait in Brassica crops, which is divided into two categories: brown/black and yellow. Seeds with yellow seed coat color have higher oil quality, higher protein content and lower fiber content. Yellow seed coat color is therefore considered a desirable trait in hybrid breeding of Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea and Brassica napus. Methods Comprehensive analysis of the abundance transcripts for seed coat color at three development stages by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and corresponding flavonoids compounds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were carried out in B. rapa. Results We identified 41,286 unigenes with 4,989 differentially expressed genes between brown seeds (B147) and yellow seeds (B80) at the same development stage. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis identified 19 unigenes associated with the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthetic pathways as involved in seed coat color formation. Interestingly, expression levels of early biosynthetic genes (BrCHS, BrCHI, BrF3H, BrF3’H and BrFLS) in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were down-regulated while late biosynthetic genes (BrDFR, BrLDOX and BrBAN) were hardly or not expressed in seeds of B80. At the same time, BrTT8 and BrMYB5 were down-regulated in B80. Results of LC-MS also showed that epicatechin was not detected in seeds of B80. We validated the accuracy of our RNA-seq data by RT-qPCR of nine critical genes. Epicatechin was not detected in seeds of B80 by LC-MS/MS. Conclusions The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and the relative content of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway metabolites clearly explained yellow seed color formation in B. rapa. This study provides a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of seed coat color formation.
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Liu, Danqi, Boting Zhou, and Rangru Liu. "A transcriptional co-expression network-based approach to identify prognostic biomarkers in gastric carcinoma." PeerJ 8 (February 14, 2020): e8504. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8504.
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Background Gastric carcinoma is a very diverse disease. The progression of gastric carcinoma is influenced by complicated gene networks. This study aims to investigate the actual and potential prognostic biomarkers related to survival in gastric carcinoma patients to further our understanding of tumor biology. Methods A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed with a transcriptome dataset to identify networks and hub genes relevant to gastric carcinoma prognosis. Data was obtained from 300 primary gastric carcinomas (GSE62254). A validation dataset (GSE34942 and GSE15459) and TCGA dataset confirmed the results. Gene ontology, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to identify the clusters responsible for the biological processes and pathways of this disease. Results A brown transcriptional module enriched in the organizational process of the extracellular matrix was significantly correlated with overall survival (HR = 1.586, p = 0.005, 95% CI [1.149–2.189]) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.544, p = 0.008, 95% CI [1.119–2.131]). These observations were confirmed in the validation dataset (HR = 1.664, p = 0.006, 95% CI [1.155–2.398] in overall survival). Ten hub genes were identified and confirmed in the validation dataset from this brown module; five key biomarkers (COL8A1, FRMD6, TIMP2, CNRIP1 and GPR124 (ADGRA2)) were identified for further research in microsatellite instability (MSI) and epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (MSS/EMT) gastric carcinoma molecular subtypes. A high expression of these genes indicated a poor prognosis. Conclusion A transcriptional co-expression network-based approach was used to identify prognostic biomarkers in gastric carcinoma. This method may have potential for use in personalized therapies, however, large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials and replication experiments are needed before these key biomarkers can be applied clinically.
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Xu, Nan, Sheng-Fei Wei, and Hai-Jun Xu. "Transcriptome Analysis of the Regulatory Mechanism of FoxO on Wing Dimorphism in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)." Insects 12, no. 5 (2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12050413.
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The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, can develop into either short-winged (SW) or long-winged (LW) adults according to environmental conditions, and has long served as a model organism for exploring the mechanisms of wing polyphenism in insects. The transcription factor NlFoxO acts as a master regulator that directs the development of either SW or LW morphs, but the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we microinjected SW-destined morphs with double stranded-RNA (dsRNA) targeting NlFoxO (dsNlFoxO) to change them into LW-winged morphs. In parallel, SW-destined morphs microinjected with dsRNA targeting the gene encoding green fluorescence protein (dsGfp) served as a negative control. The forewing and hindwing buds of 5th-instar nymphs collected at 24, 36, and 48 h after eclosion (hAE) were used for RNA sequencing. We obtained a minimum of 43.4 million clean reads from forewing and hindwing buds at a single developmental time. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in various Gene Ontology (GO) terms, including cellular process, binding, and cell part. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis showed that up-regulated genes in dsNlFoxO-treated forewing and hindwing buds were largely associated with the cell cycle and DNA replication. Furthermore, most up-regulated genes displayed higher expression at 24-, and 36-hAE relative to 48 hAE, indicating that wing cells in LW-destined wings might actively proliferate during the first 36 h in 5th-instar nymphs. Our findings indicated that LW development in BPH was likely dependent on the duration of cell proliferation in the 5th-instar stage, which sheds light on the molecular basis of wing polymorphism in insects.
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Coody, Elizabeth Rae. "The Encyclopedia of Early Earth: A Graphic Novel. Graphic fiction. By Isabel Greenberg. New York: Little, Brown, 2013. Pp. 176; color throughout. Hardcover, $23.00." Religious Studies Review 40, no. 3 (2014): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsr.12150_2.
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Akhter, Delara, Ran Qin, Ujjal Kumar Nath, Jamal Eshag, Xiaoli Jin, and Chunhai Shi. "Transcriptional Profile Corroborates that bml Mutant Plays likely Role in Premature Leaf Senescence of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7 (2019): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071708.
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Leaf senescence is the last period of leaf growth and a dynamic procedure associated with its death. The adaptability of the plants to changing environments occurs thanks to leaf senescence. Hence, transcriptional profiling is important to figure out the exact mechanisms of inducing leaf senescence in a particular crop, such as rice. From this perspective, leaf samples of two different rice genotypes, the brown midrib leaf (bml) mutant and its wild type (WT) were sampled for transcriptional profiling to identify differentially-expressed genes (DEGs). We identified 2670 DEGs, among which 1657 genes were up- and 1013 genes were down-regulated. These DEGs were enriched in binding and catalytic activity, followed by the single organism process and metabolic process through gene ontology (GO), while the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were related to the plant hormone signal transduction and photosynthetic pathway enrichment. The expression pattern and the clustering of DEGs revealed that the WRKY and NAC family, as well as zinc finger transcription factors, had greater effects on early-senescence of leaf compared to other transcription factors. These findings will help to elucidate the precise functional role of bml rice mutant in the early-leaf senescence.
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Dosani, Sabina. "Encyclopedia of Adolescence: Normative Processes in Development Edited by B. Bradford Brown & Mitchell J. Prinstein. Academic Press. 2011. £715.00 (hb). 1294 pp. ISBN: 9780123739155." British Journal of Psychiatry 201, no. 2 (2012): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.110056.
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Ashton, Helen. "The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs & Their Uses (revised edition)2004152Deni Brown. The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs & Their Uses (revised edition). London: Dorling Kindersley 2002. 448 pp., ISBN: 1 45053 0059 0 £30." Reference Reviews 18, no. 3 (2004): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120410528289.
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Ashton, Helen. "Encyclopedia of Underwater Life: Aquatic Invertebrates and Fishes2006264Edited by Andrew Campbell and John Dawes. Encyclopedia of Underwater Life: Aquatic Invertebrates and Fishes. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2005. vii+306 pp., ISBN: 0 19 280674 2 £30 First published 2004 as The New Encyclopedia of Aquatic Life (Facts on File/Brown Reference ISBN 0 8160 5119 4)." Reference Reviews 20, no. 5 (2006): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120610672980.
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Donmoyer, Patrick J. "Pennsylvania Germans: An Interpretive Encyclopedia. Edited by Simon J. Bronner and Joshua R. Brown. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017. xvi + 556 pp. $80.00, hardcover and e-book." Church History 87, no. 2 (2018): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640718001506.
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Larson, David L. "Grabb's encyclopedia of flaps, vols. 1-3. Edited by Berish Trauch, Luis O. Vasconez, Elizabeth J. Hall-Findlay. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 1990, 1818 pp, $450.00." Head & Neck 13, no. 2 (1991): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.2880130216.
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Liu, Junyu, Chuanhai Zhang, Boyang Zhang, et al. "Comprehensive Analysis of the Characteristics and Differences in Adult and Newborn Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT): Newborn BAT Is a More Active/Dynamic BAT." Cells 9, no. 1 (2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9010201.
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an essential role in maintaining body temperature and in treating obesity and diabetes. The adult BAT (aBAT) and neonatal BAT (neBAT) vary greatly in capacity, but the characteristics and differences between them on the molecular level, as well as the related features of BAT as it develops post-delivery, have not yet been fully determined. In this study, we examined the morphological features of aBAT and neBAT of mice by using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that neBAT contains a smaller number and size of lipid droplets, as well as more abundant mitochondria, compared with aBAT. The dynamic morphological changes revealed that the number and size of lipid droplets increase, but the number of mitochondria gradually decrease during the post-delivery development, which consisted of some differences in RNA or protein expression levels, such as gradually decreased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression levels and mitochondrial genes, such as mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam). The adipocyte differentiation-related genes, such as transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (CEBPβ), were also continuously upregulated. Additionally, the different features of aBAT and neBAT were analyzed from the global transcription (RNA-Seq) level, which included messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circRNA, and DNA methylation, as well as proteins (proteomics). Differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis identified 383 hyper- and 503 hypo-methylated genes, as well as 1221 new circRNA in ne-BAT and 1991 new circRNA in a-BAT, with significantly higher expression of circRNA in aBAT compared with neBAT. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that mitochondrial activity, protein synthesis, and cell life activity levels were higher in neBAT, and pathways related to ribosomes, spliceosomes, and metabolism were significantly activated in neBAT compared to aBAT. Collectively, this study describes the dynamic changes occurring throughout post-delivery development from the morphological, molecular and omics perspectives. Our study provides information that may be utilized in improving BAT functional activity through gene regulation and/or epigenetic regulation.
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Cannon, JoAnn. "Lost in the Fictional Woods with Umberto Eco: LA MISTERIOSA FIAMMA DELLA REGINA LOANA in the Context of Eco's oeuvre." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 41, no. 2 (2007): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001458580704100206.
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La misteriosa fiamma della Regina Loana, like each of Eco's previous novels, may be read as “a fictional summa” of much of the author's theoretical work. The peculiar malady of the protagonist, the loss of autobiographical memory coupled with an overactive “cultural memory,” allows Eco both to dramatize and call into question key notions of his theoretical work. This essay situates La misteriosa fiamma in the context of the author's previous work and examines the way in which Eco's most recent novel explores the themes of encyclopedic competence, rationality, hermetic drift and unlimited semiosis, high brow and low brow cultural production. Eco shows how the associative ability that allows unlimited semiosis to function may give way to hermetic drift, infinite deferral and even madness. The encyclopedia that contains the totality of human knowledge may suddenly come unbound, reflecting, in its loose pages, fragmentation, incompletion and disjunction. La misteriosa fiamma della Regina Loana serves as a valuable and original contribution to Eco's life-long scholarly pursuits and as a reflection on the value of those pursuits from the perspective of advancing age.
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Lewis, Zachary R., Tien Phan-Everson, Gary Geiss, et al. "Abstract 3878: Subcellular characterization of over 100 proteins in FFPE tumor biopsies with CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 3878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3878.
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Abstract The spatial interactions between the immune system and tumor cells greatly influence antitumoral immunity. Characterization of immune cell composition and infiltration within the tumor niche informs prognosis, drug delivery efficiency, and therapeutic efficacy. However, few methods exist to query large numbers of immune biomarkers at subcellular spatial resolution. The CosMx™ Spatial Molecular Imager is the first platform to demonstrate simultaneous single-cell and subcellular detection of over 100 proteins on standard, biobanked, FFPE tissue samples. This high-plex protein panel detects key drivers of cancer progression and immune cell activation states. Here, we apply the CosMx 100-plex immuno-oncology assay on a set of breast cancer biopsies and demonstrate its quantitative and spatial capabilities. Key to CosMx protein technology is an antibody-oligonucleotide-conjugate 64-bit encoding method, not a cyclic exchange method. The encoding scheme is enabled by a 20nm hybridization-based optical barcode. The CosMx system uses a fully automated, cyclic microfluidics imaging system, high-resolution optics and 3D capability. The raw cyclic encoded 4-color tissue images are decoded using a robust automated decoding algorithm that detects protein sub-cellular localization and quantifies expression level. CosMx SMI produces protein localization maps for each target, which characterizes tissue microenvironment heterogeneity while providing spatial information. Additionally, accurate segmentation of individual cells enables spatial single-cell protein expression analysis, facilitating further mining and analyses of cellular subpopulations. The CosMx protein assay reagents were validated on multi-organ FFPE tissue microarrays and 35 human FFPE cell lines, including overexpression lines for key targets and cellular activation states, such as GITR, CD278, PD-L1, and PD-1. Benchmarking to multiple orthogonal datasets (e.g., the Human Protein Atlas, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, and low-plex IHC) demonstrates that the assay is highly sensitive and specific. CosMx SMI protein assay can be coupled with SMI’s 1000-plex RNA-detection assay; together, such a multi-omics platform can generate an unprecedented information-rich view of spatial biology that could usher in novel discoveries about health and disease. FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Citation Format: Zachary R. Lewis, Tien Phan-Everson, Gary Geiss, Mithra Korukonda, Ruchir Bhatt, Carl Brown, Dwayne Dunaway, Joseph Phan, Alyssa Rosenbloom, Brian Filanoski, Rhonda Meredith, Kan Chantranuvatana, Yan Liang, Emily Brown, Brian Birditt, Giang Ong, Hye Son Yi, Erin Piazza, Vikram Devgan, Nicole Ortogero, Patrick Danaher, Sarah Warren, Michael Rhodes, Joseph Beechem. Subcellular characterization of over 100 proteins in FFPE tumor biopsies with CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3878.
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Zhu, Guoqi, Yan Lai, Fei Chen, et al. "Exploration of the Crucial Genes and Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Atherosclerosis and Abnormal Endothelial Shear Stress." Disease Markers 2022 (August 12, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6306845.
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Background. Abnormal endothelial shear stress (ESS) is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS); however, the genes and pathways between ESS and AS are poorly understood. Here, we screened hub genes and potential regulatory targets linked to the progression of AS induced by abnormal ESS. Methods. The microarray data of ESS and AS were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The coexpression modules related to shear stress and AS were identified with weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Coexpression genes in modules obtained from GSE28829 and GSE160611 were considered as SET1. The results were validated in validation set by differential gene analysis. The limma package in R was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The common DEGs of GSE100927 and GSE103672 were regarded as SET2. Next, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis was assembled, and hub genes were identified using MCODE and ClueGO in Cytoscape. ROC curve analyses were conducted to assess the ability of common hub genes to distinguish samples of atherosclerotic plaque from normal arterial. The expression of common hub gene was verified in ox-LDL-induced foam cells and GSE41571. Results. We identified three gene modules (the blue, tan, and cyan modules) related to AS and three shear stress-related modules (the brown, red, and pink modules). A total of 129 genes in SET1 and 476 genes in SET2 were identified. CCRL2, LGALS9, and PLCB2 were identified as common hub genes and validated in the GSE100927, GSE28829, and GSE41571. ROC analysis indicates the expression of CCRL2, LGALS9, and PLCB2 could effectively distinguish the atherosclerotic plaque and normal arterial. The expression level of CCRL2, LGALS9, and PLCB2 increases with the accumulation of lipid increased. Conclusion. We identified CCRL2, LGALS9, and PLCB2 as key genes associated with abnormal ESS and AS and may provide potential prevention and treatment target of AS induced by abnormal ESS.
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Gu, Shengqing, Wubing Zhang, Xiaoqing Wang, et al. "Abstract LB098: Integrative approaches to modulate antigen presentation and boost cancer immune response." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): LB098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-lb098.
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Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy revolutionized cancer treatment, but patients with impaired MHC-I and/or MHC-II expression show inferior response. We observed differential expression patterns for MHC-I and MHC-II in cancer cells and applied multiple approaches to examine their regulatory mechanisms. To identify the modulators of MHC-I, we combined FACS-based genome-wide CRISPR screens with data-mining from public data. We identified TRAF3, a suppressor of the NFkB pathway, as a negative regulator of MHC-I. The Traf3-knockout gene expression signature is associated with better survival in ICB-naïve patients with cancer and better ICB response. We then screened for drugs with similar transcriptional effects as this signature and identified Second Mitochondria-derived Activator of Caspase (SMAC) mimetics. We experimentally validated that the SMAC mimetic birinapant upregulates MHC-I, sensitizes cancer cells to T cell-dependent killing, and adds to ICB efficacy. In contrast to MHC-I, the expression of MHC-II shows dramatic intra- and inter-sample heterogeneity. To identify the regulators of MHC-II, we conducted data-mining of the transcriptomic and proteomic data from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and multiple melanoma clinical cohorts. We found that a higher cancer-cell-intrinsic MHC-II level is significantly associated with better anti-PD-1 response, and that the Hippo signaling pathway can regulate MHC-II expression in melanoma cells. Our findings provide preclinical rationales for increasing cancer cell MHC-I/MHC-II expression to enhance sensitivity to immunotherapy. Citation Format: Shengqing Gu, Wubing Zhang, Xiaoqing Wang, Peng Jiang, Gordon J. Freeman, Scott J. Rodig, Henry Long, Benjamin E. Gewurz, F. Stephen Hodi, X. Shirley Liu, Myles Brown. Integrative approaches to modulate antigen presentation and boost cancer immune response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB098.
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Li, Tong, Cheng Huang, Jinhui Ma, Ran Ding, Qidong Zhang, and Weiguo Wang. "Identification of Inflammation-Related Genes and Exploration of Regulatory Mechanisms in Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head." BioMed Research International 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4501186.
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Background. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling orthopedic disease, which is impacted by infiltration of immune cells. Thus, the aim of the current research was to determine the inflammation-related biomarkers in ONFH. Methods. GSE123568 dataset with control and steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by limma R package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to explore the co-expression genes and modules. We obtained inflammation-related genes (IRGs) from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Then, the IRGs associated with SONFH (IRGs-SONFH) were screened out and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and hub genes were identified by the MCODE algorithm. Based on the hub genes, we constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Results. We identified 535 DEGs between control and SONFH samples. The WGCNA clearly indicated that the brown module was most significantly associated with SONFH. We identified 25 IRGs-SONFH through WGCNA module genes, DEGs and IRGs. A total of 4 hub genes (CD14, CYBB, NOD2, and TLR1) were identified by Cytoscape. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined that the expressions of the four genes could distinguish SONFH from controls as evidenced by the area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.7. Finally, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network which included 67 lncRNAs, 1 miRNA (hsa-miR-320a), and 1 mRNA (NOD2). Conclusions. Our study identified 4 hub genes as potential inflammation-related biomarkers of SONFH. Moreover, we proposed a ceRNA network of lncRNAs targeting hsa-miR-320a, hsa-miR-320a, and NOD2 as a potential RNA regulatory pathway that controls disease progression in ONFH.
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Breach, Nicholas M. "Grabb's–Encyclopedia of Flaps Strauch Berish, O. Vasconez Luis and J. Hall-Findlay Elizabeth. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Toronto, London, 1990. 0-316-81897-6 (3 Volume Set). Price £325.00. Pp 1824. Ill. 3096." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 1 (1991): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510011494x.
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Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R. P. "ZoologyThe Princeton Encyclopedia of Mammals. Edited by DavidW.Macdonald. Princeton (New Jersey): Princeton University Press. $45.00 (paper). xli 936 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 9780691140698. Originally published by The Brown Reference Group, London (United Kingdom), 2006. 2009." Quarterly Review of Biology 85, no. 3 (2010): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/655092.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Bookreviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 83, no. 1-2 (2009): 121–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002463.
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Afro-Atlantic Dialogues: Anthropology in the Diaspora, edited by Kevin A. Yelvington (reviewed by Aisha Khan)Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660, by Linda M. Heywood & John K. Thornton (reviewed by James H. Sweet)An Eye for the Tropics: Tourism, Photography, and Framing the Caribbean Picturesque, by Krista A. Thompson (reviewed by Carl Thompson)Taíno Indian Myth and Practice: The Arrival of the Stranger King, by William F. Keegan (reviewed by Frederick H. Smith) Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, by David F. Marley (reviewed by Richard L. Kagan) Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age, edited by Christopher Leslie Brown & Philip D. Morgan (reviewed by James Sidbury)Sweet Negotiations: Sugar, Slavery, and Plantation Agriculture in Early Barbados, by Russell R. Menard (reviewed by Kenneth Morgan)Jamaica in 1850 or, The Effects of Sixteen Years of Freedom on a Slave Colony, by John Bigelow (reviewed by Jean Besson) Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism, by Christopher Leslie Brown (reviewed by Cassandra Pybus) Caribbean Journeys: An Ethnography of Migration and Home in Three Family Networks, by Karen Fog Olwig (reviewed by George Gmelch) Afro-Caribbean Immigrants and the Politics of Incorporation: Ethnicity, Exception, or Exit, by Reuel R. Rogers (reviewed by Kevin Birth) Puerto Rican Arrival in New York: Narratives of the Migration, 1920-1950, edited by Juan Flores (reviewed by Wilson A. Valentín-Escobar)The Conquest of History: Spanish Colonialism and National Histories in the Nineteenth Century, by Christopher Schmidt-Nowara (reviewed by Aline Helg)Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World, edited by Pamela Scully & Diana Paton (reviewed by Bernard Moitt) Gender and Democracy in Cuba, by Ilja A. Luciak (reviewed by Florence E. Babb) The “New Man” in Cuba: Culture and Identity in the Revolution, by Ana Serra (reviewed by Jorge Duany) Lydia Cabrera and the Construction of an Afro-Cuban Cultural Identity, by Edna M. Rodríguez-Mangual (reviewed by Brian Brazeal) Worldview, the Orichas, and Santeria: Africa to Cuba and Beyond, by Mercedes Cros Sandoval (reviewed by Elizabeth Pérez)The 1812 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle against Atlantic Slavery, by Matt D. Childs (reviewed by Manuel Barcia) Caliban and the Yankees: Trinidad and the United States Occupation, by Harvey R. Neptune (reviewed by Selwyn Ryan) Claims to Memory: Beyond Slavery and Emancipation in the French Caribbean, by Catherine A. Reinhardt (reviewed by Dominique Taffin) The Grand Slave Emporium, Cape Coast Castle and the British Slave Trade, by William St. Clair (reviewed by Ray A. Kea) History of the Caribbean, by Frank Moya Pons (reviewed by Olwyn M. Blouet) Out of the Crowded Vagueness: A History of the Islands of St Kitts, Nevis & Anguilla, by Brian Dyde (reviewed by Karen Fog Olwig) Scoping the Amazon: Image, Icon, Ethnography, by Stephen Nugent (reviewed by Neil L. Whitehead)
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Kendall, John. "The Jim Crow Encyclopedia2009159Edited by Nikki L.M. Brown and Barry M. Stentiford. The Jim Crow Encyclopedia. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press 2008. , ISBN: 978 0313 341 816 £125, $225 2 vols Milestones in African‐American History." Reference Reviews 23, no. 4 (2009): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120910958359.
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Phillips, Richard A., Igor Kraev, and Sigrun Lange. "Protein Deimination and Extracellular Vesicle Profiles in Antarctic Seabirds." Biology 9, no. 1 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9010015.
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Pelagic seabirds are amongst the most threatened of all avian groups. They face a range of immunological challenges which seem destined to increase due to environmental changes in their breeding and foraging habitats, affecting prey resources and exposure to pollution and pathogens. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for the assessment of their health status is of considerable importance. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) post-translationally convert arginine into citrulline in target proteins in an irreversible manner. PAD-mediated deimination can cause structural and functional changes in target proteins, allowing for protein moonlighting in physiological and pathophysiological processes. PADs furthermore contribute to the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play important roles in cellular communication. In the present study, post-translationally deiminated protein and EV profiles of plasma were assessed in eight seabird species from the Antarctic, representing two avian orders: Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels) and Charadriiformes (waders, auks, gulls and skuas). We report some differences between the species assessed, with the narrowest EV profiles of 50–200 nm in the northern giant petrel Macronectes halli, and the highest abundance of larger 250–500 nm EVs in the brown skua Stercorarius antarcticus. The seabird EVs were positive for phylogenetically conserved EV markers and showed characteristic EV morphology. Post-translational deimination was identified in a range of key plasma proteins critical for immune response and metabolic pathways in three of the bird species under study; the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, south polar skua Stercorarius maccormicki and northern giant petrel. Some differences in Gene Ontology (GO) biological and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for deiminated proteins were observed between these three species. This indicates that target proteins for deimination may differ, potentially contributing to a range of physiological functions relating to metabolism and immune response, as well as to key defence mechanisms. PAD protein homologues were identified in the seabird plasma by Western blotting via cross-reaction with human PAD antibodies, at an expected 75 kDa size. This is the first study to profile EVs and to identify deiminated proteins as putative novel plasma biomarkers in Antarctic seabirds. These biomarkers may be further refined to become useful indicators of physiological and immunological status in seabirds—many of which are globally threatened.
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Revel, Jean-Paul. "Evolution and Revolution in Microscopy - I." Microscopy Today 00, no. 9 (1992): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500070899.
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Disney, Hill and Baker in their 1928 booh on the Origin and Development of the Microscope, quote the 1829 article on Optics of the London Encyclopedia as saying; “Microscopes, though but toys compared with telescopes, nevertheless deserve to be rendered as perfect as possible; for they yield not to them in the quantity and variety of rational amusement which they are capable of introducing to us (though not of the sublime description of the wonders of the heavens). Compound microscopes, though not so much to be depended upon for the purposes of discovery and philosophical investigation as single lenses, are still the best adapted for recreation”. It is hard to imagine that this was written at about the time when Robert Brown of motion fame, was discovering the celt nucleus (1831), the repository of the genetic code and thus arguably laying the foundations for all of modern biology. The sentence quoted might be taken to suggest that there was no evolutionary connection between hand lenses and compound microscopes, since as late as the 1830s the two still competed.In trying to follow the evolution of microscopes it is trite to state that lenses had to come first. It was known for a long time that objects seen through a glass bulb full of water appeared enlarged, but the water was thought the important factor and it was not until the time of Alhazen (962-1038) that the action of a lens was understood. Roger Bacon (1242-1292) wrote “if one looks at letters and other minute things though the medium of a crystal or glass or other lens put over the letters... he will see the letters much better and they will appear much larger to him... and therefore this instrument is useful to old men and to those having feeble sight” Spectacles seem to have been invented by Salvano d'Aramento degli Arrtati of Florence who died in 1317, the secret process of how to make them being revealed by a contemporary, Alessandro della Spina of Pisa. The use of lenses in visualizing small objects made slow progress at first but eventually led to “macroscopy”, in the form of spectacles and then to microscopy.
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Navarro-Sigüenza, Adolfo G. "The Princeton Encyclopedia of Birds. Edited by Christopher Perrins. Princeton (New Jersey): Princeton University Press. $35.00 (paper). 656 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978‐0‐691‐14070‐4. [Originally published by The Brown Reference Group, London (United Kingdom), 1993.] 2009." Quarterly Review of Biology 85, no. 4 (2010): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/656888.
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Zheltikov, Aleksei. "The optics encyclopedia: basic foundations and practical applications, volume 1: A–F. Edited by Th. G. Brown, K. Creath, H. Kogelnik, M. A. Kriss, J. Schmit and M. J. Weber. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weinheim, 2004. 749 pages." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 37, no. 4 (2006): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1434.
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Zheltikov, Aleksei. "The Optics Encyclopedia: basic foundations and practical applications, Volume 4: O–S. Th. G. Brown, K. Creath, H. Kogelnik, M. A. Kriss, J. Schmit and M. J. Weber (eds). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weinheim, 2004, pp. 749." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 38, no. 1 (2006): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1560.
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Zheltikov, Aleksei. "The Optics Encyclopedia: Basic Foundations and Practical Applications, Volume 2: G–L. Th. G. Brown, K. Creath, H. Kogelnik, M. A. Kriss, J. Schmit and M. J. Weber (Eds.). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Winheim, 2004, 749 pages, (five volumes)." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 37, no. 9 (2006): 954–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1525.
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Wangai, A. W., B. Mandal, H. R. Pappu, and S. Kilonzo. "Outbreak of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Tomato in Kenya." Plant Disease 85, no. 10 (2001): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.10.1123b.
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Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) of the genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae (1), causes an economically important virus disease in tomato in several parts of the world. The virus has a wide host range that includes numerous crops and weeds and is transmitted by at least seven species of thrips. Tomato crops in the Subukia, Bahati, and Kabazi areas of the Nakuru District in Kenya were affected by a disease suggestive of TSWV infection during the November 1999 to March 2000 tomato-growing season. Farmers reported up to 80% losses of their potential yields. Characteristic symptoms were noticed on fruits, especially when they were green. Distinct concentric rings on fruits, which later turned into brown, uneven ripening, were the most visible symptoms. Foliage did not develop pronounced symptoms, but mild bronzing was observed in a few cultivars. However, foliage senesced prematurely, starting with older leaves. Foliar symptoms were mistaken for blight infection, and as a result, excessive fungicides were applied that failed to manage the disease. To test for TSWV infection, tomato leaf samples collected from the fields were tested initially with a TSWV test kit (HortiTech, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, UK), and the results were confirmed by double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with antibodies from Agdia Inc. (Elkhart, IN). Further molecular characterization was done using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaves of tomato cv. Money Maker using the RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). Using primers 5′ TTAAGC AAGTTCTGTGAG 3′ and 5′ ATGTCTAAGGTTAAGCTC 3′ specific to the nucleoprotein (N) gene of TSWV, the N gene was amplified by RT-PCR (2). A 777-bp product of the expected size was obtained from symptomatic plants, whereas no amplification was obtained from noninfected tomato. The PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T Easy (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced. A search of GenBank revealed a sequence identity of 95 to 99% with the N genes of known TSWV isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report TSWV infection of tomato in Kenya. Considering its wide host range, future surveys should be directed toward estimating its incidence in tomato and other TSWV-susceptible crops, such as Irish potatoes, pepper, peanut (groundnut), beans, and a wide variety of ornamental cut flowers in Kenya. References: (1) J. W. Moyer. Tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae). Pages 1803–1807 in: Encyclopedia of Virology. A. Granoff and R. G. Webster, eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1999. (2) Jain et al. Plant Dis. 82:900, 1998.