Journal articles: 'Encyclopedia table'

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Presley, Lisa. "Book Review: Earth’s Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World’s Geographic Features." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 2 (2015): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n2.178b.

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Authors Joyce Quinn and Susan Woodward combine their decades of research, teaching, and knowledge in Earth’s Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World’s Geographic Features. The entries in this two volume set focus on 460 of the natural geographic features of the earth. The introduction provides a wealth of useful background information, including a table of the geologic time scale, a table of major climate types and descriptions of the earth’s major surface features.

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Wexelbaum, Rachel. "Book Review: At the Table: Food and Family around the World." Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, no. 2 (2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56n2.141a.

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Humans are losing their tradition of the daily family meal. When everyone in the family works multiple jobs or keeps different schedules, when people never learned how to cook, or when there simply is no money to buy enough food, the challenge of keeping a family intact becomes greater. The family dinner, once a daily ritual in countries around the world, has become a historical relic as well as a cultural phenomenon among cultures that can sustain such a tradition. One can publish a book about the challenges of keeping the daily family dinner alive, or one can publish an encyclopedia of the typical daily family dinner traditions of every culture. While Dr. Ken Albala has the expertise and connections to accomplish both feats, he has struggled to do so in his latest edited volume At the Table: Food and Family around the World.

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MOENS, MARIE-FRANCINE. "Using patterns of thematic progression for building a table of contents of a text." Natural Language Engineering 14, no. 2 (2008): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135132490600430x.

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AbstractA text usually contains one or a few main topics, which are split up into subtopics, which in their turn can be further described by more detailed topics. In this article we describe a system that segments a text into topics and subtopics. Each segment is characterized by important key terms that are extracted from it and by its begin and end position in the text. A table of contents is built by using the hierarchical and sequential relationships between topical segments that are identified in a text. The table of contents generator relies upon universal linguistic theories on thetopicandcommentof a sentence and onpatterns of thematic progressionin text. The linguistic theories of topic and comment are modeled both deterministically and probabilistically. The system is applied to English texts (news, World Wide Web and encyclopedia texts) and is evaluated.

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Nelson, Michael L. "Book Review: The World of the Civil War: A Daily Life Encyclopedia." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 3 (2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n3.255b.

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This work is part of Greenwood’s Daily Life Encyclopedias series which addresses the branch of historical scholarship that emphasizes the roles and experiences of ordinary people rather than focusing exclusively on political/military leaders and similar prominent historical figures. Its 230-plus entries are divided into ten categories: “Arts”; “Clothing, Fashion, and Appearance”; “Economy and Work”; “Family Life and Gender Roles”; “Food and Drink”; “Housing and Community”; “Politics and Warfare”; “Recreation and Social Customs”; “Religion and Belief”; and “Science and Technology.” Copies of fifteen primary documents follow the main section. Each section begins with a brief introduction that sets the context, followed by alphabetical entries for each sub-topic. Entries average 2–3 pages. Black and white illustrations are interspersed throughout the text. A table of contents conveniently lists all entries alphabetically under each broad category. Other features include a chronology, “see also” references to related articles, further reading lists for each entry, a selected bibliography, and detailed subject index.

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Liu, Shuang, Hui Yang, Jiayi Li, and Simon Kolmanič. "Preliminary Study on the Knowledge Graph Construction of Chinese Ancient History and Culture." Information 11, no. 4 (2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11040186.

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The domestic population has paid increasing attention to ancient Chinese history and culture with the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the rapid economic growth, and the rapid advancement of information science and technology. The use of information technology has been proven to promote the spread and development of historical culture, and it is becoming a necessary means to promote our traditional culture. This paper will build a knowledge graph of ancient Chinese history and culture in order to facilitate the public to more quickly and accurately understand the relevant knowledge of ancient Chinese history and culture. The construction process is as follows: firstly, use crawler technology to obtain text and table data related to ancient history and culture on Baidu Encyclopedia (similar to Wikipedia) and ancient Chinese history and culture related pages. Among them, the crawler technology crawls the semi-structured data in the information box (InfoBox) in the Baidu Encyclopedia to directly construct the triples required for the knowledge graph, crawls the introductory text information of the entries in Baidu Encyclopedia, and specialized historical and cultural websites (history Chunqiu.com, On History.com) to extract unstructured entities and relationships. Secondly, entity recognition and relationship extraction are performed on an unstructured text. The entity recognition part uses the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-Convolutional Neural Networks-Conditions Random Field (BiLSTM-CNN-CRF) model for entity extraction. The relationship extraction between entities is performed by using the open source tool DeepKE (information extraction tool with language recognition ability developed by Zhejiang University) to extract the relationships between entities. After obtaining the entity and the relationship between the entities, supplement it with the triple data that were constructed from the semi-structured data in the existing knowledge base and Baidu Encyclopedia information box. Subsequently, the ontology construction and the quality evaluation of the entire constructed knowledge graph are performed to form the final knowledge graph of ancient Chinese history and culture.

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Hu, Wanying, Esa Abiso Godana, Meiqiu Xu, Qiya Yang, Solairaj Dhanasekaran, and Hongyin Zhang. "Transcriptome Characterization and Expression Profiles of Disease Defense-Related Genes of Table Grapes in Response to Pichia anomala Induced with Chitosan." Foods 10, no. 7 (2021): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071451.

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Transcriptome analysis (TA) was conducted to characterize the transcriptome changes in postharvest disease-related genes of table grapes following treatment with Pichia anomala induced with chitosan (1% w/v). In the current study, the difference in the gene expression of table grapes after treatment with P. anomala induced with chitosan and that of a control group was compared 72 h post-inoculation. The study revealed that postharvest treatment of table grapes with P. anomala induced with chitosan could up-regulate genes that have a pivotal role in the fruit’s disease defense. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) results also confirmed that GO terms and the KEGG pathways, which have pivotal roles in plant disease resistance, were significantly enriched. The up-regulated genes of the treatment group have a unique function in the fruit’s disease resistance compared to the control group. Generally, most genes in the plant–pathogen interaction pathway; the plant Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway; the plant hormone signal transduction pathway; the pathway of glutathione metabolism; the pathway of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; and the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis were all up-regulated. These up-regulations help the fruit to synthesize disease-resistant substances, regulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhance the fruit cell wall, and enrich hormone signal transduction during the pathogen’s attack. This study is useful to overcome the lags in applying transcriptomics technology in postharvest pathology, and will provide insight towards developing other alternative methods to using bio-pesticides to control postharvest diseases of perishables.

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Huynh, Trung, and Sen Xu. "Gene Annotation Easy Viewer (GAEV): Integrating KEGG’s Gene Function Annotations and Associated Molecular Pathways." F1000Research 7 (March 29, 2018): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14012.1.

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We developed a Gene Annotation Easy Viewer (GAEV) that integrates the gene annotation data from the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) Automatic Annotation Server. GAEV generates an easy-to-read table that summarizes the query gene name, the KO (KEGG Orthology) number, name of gene orthologs, functional definition of the ortholog, and the functional pathways that query gene has been mapped to. Via links to KEGG pathway maps, users can directly examine the interaction between gene products involved in the same molecular pathway. We provide a usage example by annotating the newly published freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia pulex genome. This gene-centered view of gene function and pathways will greatly facilitate the genome annotation of non-model species and metagenomics data. GAEV runs on a Windows or Linux system equipped with Python 3 and provides easy accessibility to users with no prior Unix command line experience.

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Huynh, Trung, and Sen Xu. "Gene Annotation Easy Viewer (GAEV): Integrating KEGG’s Gene Function Annotations and Associated Molecular Pathways." F1000Research 7 (June 28, 2018): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14012.2.

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We developed a Gene Annotation Easy Viewer (GAEV) that integrates the gene annotation data from the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) Automatic Annotation Server. GAEV generates an easy-to-read table that summarizes the query gene name, the KO (KEGG Orthology) number, name of gene orthologs, functional definition of the ortholog, and the functional pathways that query gene has been mapped to. Via links to KEGG pathway maps, users can directly examine the interaction between gene products involved in the same molecular pathway. We provide a usage example by annotating the newly published freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia pulex genome. This gene-centered view of gene function and pathways will greatly facilitate the genome annotation of non-model species and metagenomics data. GAEV runs on a Windows or Linux system equipped with Python 3 and provides easy accessibility to users with no prior Unix command line experience.

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Huynh, Trung, and Sen Xu. "Gene Annotation Easy Viewer (GAEV): Integrating KEGG’s Gene Function Annotations and Associated Molecular Pathways." F1000Research 7 (May 9, 2019): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14012.3.

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We developed a Gene Annotation Easy Viewer (GAEV) that integrates the gene annotation data from the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) Automatic Annotation Server. GAEV generates an easy-to-read table that summarizes the query gene name, the KO (KEGG Orthology) number, name of gene orthologs, functional definition of the ortholog, and the functional pathways that query gene has been mapped to. Via links to KEGG pathway maps, users can directly examine the interaction between gene products involved in the same molecular pathway. We provide a usage example by annotating the newly published freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia pulex genome. This gene-centered view of gene function and pathways will greatly facilitate the genome annotation of non-model species and metagenomics data. GAEV runs on a Windows or Linux system equipped with Python 3 and provides easy accessibility to users with no prior Unix command line experience.

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QI, Changsong, Sai Ge, Zhi Peng, et al. "Genomic aberration of chromatin regulatory BAF complex as predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): 4035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.4035.

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4035 Background: SNF/SWI, a large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin, and critical to tumor initiation and progression. Here, we analyzed the predictive utility of the mutations of the SNF/SWI members involved in BAF and PBAF complexes, and sought to explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: Clinical, genomic, transcriptional, and immunohistochemical data from immunotherapeutic cohort (MSKCC, n=185), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE, n=92), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n=925), and 3D Medicines database (3DMed, n=1812) were analyzed to explore the predictive effect of genomic aberration of BAF complex on the benefit from immunotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. Results: In the MSKCC cohort involving 185 patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, the mutation of any member involved in BAF complex ( ARID1A, ARID1B, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, and SMARCD1) was significantly associated with prolonged OS of ICI treatment (HR 0.53, 95%CI 0.31-0.90, P=0.019), instead of the mutations of PBAF members including PBRM1 and ARID2. In addition, BAF mutation was not linked with better prognosis in TCGA database, indicating its predictive, not prognostic efficacy of immunotherapy. BAF-mutated samples exhibited higher tumour mutational burden (TMB, P<0.05, Table), and increased mRNA expression of immune-related genes including chemokines and granzyme A. In the 3DMed cohort where tumour samples received both genomic sequencing and PD-L1 immunohistochemical staining, BAF mutation was associated with higher PD-L1 positive rate in tumour cells (P<0.05, Table). Conclusions: Genomic aberration of members in chromatin regulatory BAF complex may serve as a predictive, not prognostic biomarker of ICI benefit in patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, partially underlying the mechanisms including higher mutational burden, transcription of immune-related genes, and protein-level PD-L1 expression. [Table: see text]

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Dong, Yang, Yue Ding, Pu-Zhao Liu, et al. "Investigation of the Material Basis Underlying the Correlation between Presbycusis and Kidney Deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine via GC/MS Metabolomics." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/762092.

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Objective. To investigate the correlation between presbycusis and kidney deficiency as defined by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its material basis from the perspective of metabolism.Methods. Pure-tone audiometry was used to test auditory function. A kidney deficiency symptom scoring table was used to measure the kidney deficiency accumulated scores of the research subjects. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to measure the metabolites in the urine samples from 11 presbycusis patients and 9 elderly people with normal hearing.Results. Hearing loss in the elderly was positively correlated with kidney deficiency score in TCM. There were significant differences in urine metabolite profile between the presbycusis patients and the controls. A total of 23 differentially expressed metabolites were found. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were related to glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, theN-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor pathway, and theγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor pathway.Conclusion. Glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, NMDA receptors, and GABA receptors may be related to the pathogenesis of presbycusis and may be the material basis underlying the correlation between presbycusis and kidney deficiency in TCM.

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Gaimster, David. "Encyclopedia of Historical Archaeology. Edited by Charles E Orser Jr. 260mm. Pp xvi plus 607, 31 figs, 1 table. London: Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0415215447. £95." Antiquaries Journal 84 (September 2004): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000358150004600x.

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Sonkin, Dmitriy, Catherine Regnier, Xianhui Rong, et al. "Identification of pSTAT5 gene signature in hematologic malignancy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 7111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.7111.

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7111 Background: The JAK/STAT pathway is an important signaling pathway downstream of multiple cytokine and growth factor receptors. Receptor-associated JAKs are activated following receptor-ligand binding. Activated JAKs phosphorylate STAT proteins, which then dimerize and translocate to the nucleus where they modulate the expression of target genes. Dysregulated JAK/STAT signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple human malignancies. Activating mutations in JAK2 and the associated activation of STAT5 in myeloproliferative neoplasia is one example of the involvement of this pathway in human cancer. Additionally, overactivated JAK/STAT signaling has been suggested as a survival mechanism in several human cancers. Given the importance of JAK/STAT dysregulation in human diseases, it is important to identify patients with an overactivated JAK/STAT pathway for possible treatment with JAK inhibitors. Thus, we developed a gene signature assay to detect overactivated JAK/STAT5 signaling. Methods: The cancer cell line encyclopedia (CCLE) and associated gene-expression data were used to correlate the activation status of STAT5 with the induction of a set of STAT5 target genes. First, we used 27 tumor cell lines of hematologic lineage, with predetermined phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5) status, to derive STAT5 activation gene signatures. Next, the putative gene signatures were validated against a different set of 13 hematologic tumor cell lines. Results: With this approach, a collection of 7 target genes were identified (PIM1, CISH, SOCS2, ID1, LCN2, EPOR, and EGR1) whose expression significantly correlated with pSTAT5 status in the 40 hematologic tumor cell lines (P < .0001), either together or in specific subsets of 4 and 6 genes (Table). Conclusions: These 4-, 6-, and 7-gene signatures can be used to stratify or select for a patient population with activated JAK/STAT5 signaling that could potentially benefit from treatments targeting the JAK/STAT5 signaling pathway. [Table: see text]

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Zhang, Yiwen, Xiaoxia Zhang, Zumin Xing, et al. "circStrn3 is involved in bone cancer pain regulation in a rat model." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 52, no. 5 (2020): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmaa018.

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Abstract Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a common chronic pain that is caused by a primary or metastatic bone tumor. More detailed molecular mechanisms of BCP are warranted. In this study, we established a BCP rat model. The von Frey hair test, body weight, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were employed. We screened differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) between the BCP group and sham group. The results revealed that 850 DECs were significantly up-regulated and 644 DECs were significantly down-regulated in the BCP group. Furthermore, we identified 1177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) significantly up-regulated and 565 DEGs significantly down-regulated in the BCP group. Gene Ontology annotation of all 1742 DEGs revealed that biological regulation of metabolic processes, cellular processes, and binding were the top enriched terms. For Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, phagosome, HTLV-I infection, proteoglycans in cancer, and herpes simplex infection were significantly enriched in this study. In addition, we identified four selected circRNAs, chr6:72418120|72430205, chr20:7561057|7573740, chr18:69943105|69944476, and chr5:167516581|167558250, by quantitative real time PCR. chr6:72418120|72430205 (circStrn3) was selected for further study based on expression level and the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network table. Western blot analysis suggested that knockdown of circStrn3 could effectively induce Walker 256 cell apoptosis. In summary, our study provided a more in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BCP.

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Hanaoka, Mimi. "The World in a Book: Al-Nuwayri an the Islamic Encyclopedic Tradition." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, no. 3 (2018): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i3.482.

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Elias Muhanna’s The World in a Book: Al-Nuwayri and the Islamic Ency- clopedic Tradition is an erudite, scrupulously researched, and eminently readable book that marks a significant contribution to studies in Arabic lit- erature, Mamluk history, and the production and circulation of knowledge in the medieval Islamicate world. Muhanna successfully analyzes—over the course of 232 pages with almost a dozen images and as many tables—the monumental, 31-volume encyclopedic compendium that consists of over two million words, titled Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab (The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition), composed by Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī, an Egyptian bureaucrat and scholar, during the early fourteenth century. Muhanna’s goals are to consider why al-Nuwayrī composed his ambi- tious work; to analyze the disciplines al-Nuwayrī’s work encompassed and the models, sources, and methods that guided its composition; and to trace its reception among al-Nuwayrī’s contemporaries as well as its later recep- tion in Europe and the Islamicate world. Centering these questions on The Ultimate Ambition, Muhanna analyzes Arabic encyclopedism, a phenom- enon that reached its zenith in Egypt and Syria during the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. Muhanna challenges the argument that the rise in encyclopedism re- flected anxiety about the Mongol invasions and fears about the obliteration of civilization’s knowledge and heritage. He instead argues that encyclope- dists such as al-Nuwayrī were motivated by various factors, “chief among them the feeling of an overcrowding of authoritative knowledge in Cairo and Damascus, the great school cities of the empire” (3) which, coupled with the expansion of higher education and the migration patterns of scholars in West and Central Asia, meant that there were “new texts available for study and prompting the formation of new genres and knowledge practices” (3). The story of al-Nuwayrī is, thus, a story about the production, reception, and transmission of knowledge. Muhanna’s primary raconteurs are schol- ars of Mamluk history and historiography, Islamicate literature, and studies in the transmission of knowledge, including T. Bauer, J. Berkey, A. Blair, M. Chamberlain, L. Guo, K. Hirschler, H. Kilpatrick, D. Little, L. Northrup, C. Petry, J. Schmidt, M. van Berkel, and G. van Gelder. The World in a Book is both sweeping and specific, and it considers al-Nuwayrī’s compendium directly—not merely as a source to reconstruct Mamluk history—and assesses why encyclopedism surged during the thir- teenth through fifteenth centuries. Amongst the genres of medieval Arabic Islamicate literature to which scholars have directed their attention during the past several decades—such as adab, poetry, mirrors for princes, histo- ries, chronicles, hadith collections, and pilgrimage manuals—relatively few have studied Arabic encyclopedism. Chapter 1, “Encyclopedism in the Mamluk Empire,” explores why al-Nuwayrī compiled his work. Muhanna offers a useful distinction be- tween “encyclopedism and encyclopedia” (pp. 11-13) and grounds his ap- proach in encyclopedism, which is the idea that there is a “spectrum…upon which we might situate a variety of works belonging to different premodern genres and possessing different principles of order, structure, focus, agen- da, audience, and modes of reading” (12). The merit of this approach is that it casts a wider, less restrictive net, since “reading these texts as tokens of a similar knowledge practice rather than members of a common genre per- mits us to see the continuities between strategies of knowledge-ordering that cut across different bibliographical categories” (12). Given the fluc- tuating and complex notions of genre—the genre of medieval Arabic and Persian tārīkh, for example, encompasses a heterogeneous variety of texts, from local histories, chronicles, biographical dictionaries, and often some combination of all of the above—encyclopedism is a compelling conceptual approach to this body of literatures. Muhanna argues that while al-Nuwayrī himself situated his work within the tradition of adab, his inspirations and sources belonged to other genres, which lead to the rise of this hybrid genre of encyclopedism. Al-Nuwayrī was an esteemed copyist who directly ad- dressed the scribal arts in The Ultimate Ambition, which “both described the expectations of the scribe and provided the content of his education: it styled itself as an encyclopedic guide for an encyclopedic education” (21). Chapter 2, “Structures of Knowledge,” offers a 30,000ft view of al-Nu- wayrī’s work, including its arrangement, structure, and overall composi- tion, and compares it to other Mamluk encyclopedic texts and to earlier adab works. This chapter is particularly useful to scholars who want an introduction into The Ultimate Ambition and Arabic encyclopedism, which Muhanna argues was itself a mélange of other extant genres: the work is “not recognizably a literary anthology, a cosmographical compendium, a chronicle, a pharmacopia, or a scribal manual, but an amalgam of all of these genres” (49). Chapter 3, “Sources of Knowledge,” contextualizes al-Nuwayrī’s com- pendium by situating it within the scholarly milieu of centers of learning within the Mamluk Empire, particularly Cairo and Damascus, during the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. By situating al-Nuwayrī within the Nā- siriyya madrasa in Cairo and the intellectual, familial, and professional connections he cultivated and from which he benefitted, the author brings a granular depth to al-Nuwayrī and his work. This chapter is of particular interest to scholars of the production and circulation of knowledge. In Chapter 4, “Encyclopedism and Empire,” Muhanna turns to the im- perial and administrative scaffolding of the Mamluk Empire. The author argues that since compilers like al-Nuwayrī were part of the Mamluk bu- reaucracy, they “were particularly attuned to the processes of centralization and consolidation that transformed the politics of their time (4),” and wrote for an audience that reflected the nexus between literary encyclopedism and the imperial Mamluk state. Muhanna considers administrative knowl- edge and scholarly knowledge as separate but related spheres, arguing that “gathering vast quantities of information, collating sources, and synthe- sizing diverse types of knowledge represented the core activities of both the administrator and the large-scale compiler… a career in bureaucracy helped develop the skills of archiving and itemization that any compiler would have possessed…What set the two domains apart, however, was a difference in the types of knowledge that were valued. The world of admin- istration was one of contemporary, mutable information” (104). Muhanna’s more important argument in this chapter, however, is his claim about the unique position of Mamluk bureaucrats to be curators of knowledge and practices in the Mamluk Empire. He argues, “The common thread uniting the diverse professionals that comprised the administra- tion…was the importance attached to gathering data in the service of the state… By virtue of their access to demographic, financial, historical, and legal materials about the empire’s subjects, institutions, and communities, the bureaucratic class was in a unique position to shape the politics of their day in a manner that no other professional group could achieve” (104). As a bureaucrat-turned-scholar and an expert copyist, al-Nuwayrī embodied the related spheres of knowledge gathering, organization, and transmission in Mamluk Cairo. Chapter 5, “Working Methods,” delves into the manuscript tradition and reconstructs the composition history of al-Nuwayrī’s work. Muhanna addresses the strategies of collation, edition, and the management of sourc- es involved in the production of large compilations during the Mamluk period. The Chapter 6, “The Reception of the Ultimate Ambition,” addresses the literary afterlife of al-Nuwayrī’s work by discussing its reception in the Islamicate world and in Europe, with particular attention to the Dutch re- ception. By considering reception history of al-Nuwayrī’s work, Muhanna’s brief but engaging final chapter considers the impact of Mamluk encyclo- pedism in shaping the way Islamicate thought was perceived both within Europe and the Islamicate world. Muhanna’s appendices will prove valuable to scholars. “Appendix A: The Contents of the Ultimate Ambition” is extremely useful for those who do not share Muhanna’s patience to delve into the 31-volume work itself. In Appendix B, Muhanna compares the tables of contents of the two editions of The Ultimate Ambition: that of the standard Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya edition, which was begun in 1923 but only completed in 1997, which is dif- ficult to access; and the more recent Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya edition, pub- lished in Beirut in 2004, which is more widely available. The 11 figures that Muhanna intersperses throughout his book are attractive additions to his work, but it is the 13 tables that showcase Muhanna’s service to organize, divide, and categorize the sources, focusing primarily on al-Nuwayrī’s Ulti- mate Ambition itself. Some of these tables include: identifying The Ultimate Ambition’s chapter word counts for the Cairo and Beirut editions; outlining the arrangement of seven classical adab encyclopedias; and identifying and listing the sources of The Ultimate Ambition in its books 1, 3, and 4. These are valuable sources that the author has produced to help scholars and stu- dents make better sense and use of al-Nuwayrī’s massive tome. The World in a Book is a valuable contribution to studies in Arabic lit- erature, Mamluk history, and the production and circulation of knowledge in the medieval Islamicate world. Specialists will benefit most from this work, but its excellent readability makes it a valuable volume for graduate and undergraduate students as well as those interested in the production of knowledge in the Middle East more broadly. Mimi HanaokaAssociate Professor of Religious StudiesUniversity of Richmond

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Wild, Stefan. "A Tale of Two Encyclopedias." Die Welt des Islams 38, no. 1 (1998): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570060982598217.

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Штейнберг, В., та Н. Манько. "ОТ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНИКИ К ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОМУ ИСКУССТВУ". Vestnik Bishkek Humanities University, № 50 (15 січня 2020): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35254/bhu.2019.50.51.

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Аннотация: В статье рассматривается содержательное различие педагогической техники, педагогической технологии и педагогического искусства; представлены характеристики дидактических многомерных инструментов логико-смыслового типа. Предоставлены определения основных терминов «педагогическая техника», «педагогическая технология» и «педагогическое искусство» по Интернет-энциклопедии. В виде таблицы подробно дается сопоставление уровней различных видов деятельности: искусство, технологии и техники. Отмечается, что дидактические многомерные инструменты – логико-смысловые модели – поддерживают выполнение универсальных учебных действий; выполняют функции дидактических регулятивов, навигаторов в содержании знаний и деятельности. То есть уровневая иерархия «педагогическая техника –педагогическая технология – педагогическое искусство» в контексте инструментальной дидактики соответствует сущностной специфике технологии. Ключевые слова: педагогическая техника, педагогическая технология, педагогическое искусство, визуальные дидактические инструменты. Аннотация. Макалада педагогикалык техниканын, педагогикалык технологиянын жана педагогикалык искусствонун мазмундук айырмачылыгы каралат; логикалык – маанилик типтеги дидактикалык көп ченемдүү куралдардын мүнөздөмөлөрү берилген. “Педагогикалык техника”, “педагогикалык технология” жана “педагогикалык искусство” сыяктуу негизги терминдердин Интернет-энциклопедия боюнча аныктамалары берилген. Ишмердүүлүктүн ар кандай түрлөрү таблица түрүндө так салыштырылып берилген: искусствонун, технологиянын жана техниканын. Дидактикалык көп ченемдүү каражаттар – логикалык-маанилик моделдер – универсалдуу окуу ишмердүүлүгүн аткарууну ишке ашырары; билимдин мазмунун жана ишмердүүлүктү дидактикалык жөнгө салуучу жана багыттоочу функцияларды аткаруусу белгиленет. Башкача айтканда “педагогикалык техника – педагогикалык технология – педагогикалык искусство” деңгээлдик иерархиясы инструменталдык дидактиканын контекстинде технологиянын маңыздык өзгөчөлүгүнө шайкеш келет. Түйүндүү сөздөр: педагогикалык техника, педагогикалык технология, педагогикалык искусство, көрүнөө дидактикалык каражаттар. Annotation: The article discusses the substantive difference educational technology, educational technology and educational art; characteristics of didactic multidimensional logical-semantic type tools. Definitions provided basic terms “pedagogical technology”, “pedagogical technology” and "pedagogical art" on the Internet encyclopedia. Table view comparison of the levels of various activities is given in detail: art, technology. It is noted that didactic multidimensional tools - logical-semantic models – support performance of universal educational activities; perform functions didactic regulations, navigators in the content of knowledge and activities. That is, the level hierarchy "pedagogical technique –Pedagogical technology - pedagogical art ”in the context instrumental didactics corresponds to the essential specificity technologies. Keywords: pedagogical technique, pedagogical technology, pedagogical art, visual didactic tools.

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"Herald of the RAS", Board of the journal. "150th anniversary of periodic table of chemical elements." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 6 (2019): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873896561-562.

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The United Nations declared 2019 the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, coinciding with the 150th anniversary of the Periodic Law, opened in 1869 by the great Russian scientist-encyclopedist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834–1907).

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Hong, Jun, Likun Hou, Wei Zhang, et al. "Improving differential diagnosis of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung cancer via a transcriptomic, biological pathway-based ridge regression model." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (2021): 3065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.3065.

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3065 Background: In clinics, it can be challenging to make correct diagnosis of LCNEC, Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), if tissues, like needle biopsies, are insufficient or morphology was poorly preserved. In this study, a reliable classifier was constructed based on transcriptome data and machine learning (Ridge regression) to improve the diagnostic accuracy for LCNEC and SCLC. Methods: RNA-Seq data obtained from 3 public cohorts were collected as training set, including 60 NSCLC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 66 LCNEC cases from Julie George et al., Nature Communications 2018, and 33 SCLC cases from Julie George et al., Nature 2015. Another 80 NSCLC, 30 LCNEC and 15 SCLC cases published by Martin Peifer et al., Nature Genetics 2012 were used as validation set. Additionally, RNA-Seq data of 27 borderline samples which were hard to make diagnosis based on histology and Immunohistochemistry were used to test the accuracy of the prediction model. Results: 13,959 genes mapped to 186 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were included. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) algorithm was used to enrich and score each KEGG pathway. A prediction model based on GSVA score of each pathway was constructed via Ridge regression. This GSVA Score Model achieved ROC-AUC 0.949 and concordant rate of 0.75 for the entire prediction efficiency. Of the 27 borderline samples which were hard to make confirmed diagnosis, 17/27 (63.0%) were predicted as LCNEC, 7/27 were predicted as SCLC, and the remainder were predicted as NSCLC. While only 8 (29.6%) cases with LCNEC were diagnosed by pathologists, which was significantly lower than the results predicted by the model. Furthermore, cases with model predicted LCNEC had a significant longer disease-free survival than that with model predicted SCLC (median DFS,59 months for LCNEC vs 5 months for SCLC, p = 0.0043), which was in parallel with currently known prognostic difference of these two types of neuroendocrine tumors. Conclusions: This GSVA algorithm-based prediction model was able to make accurate diagnosis of LCNEC and SCLC. And it may provide valuable information for clinics to choose optimal therapeutic approach for patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.[Table: see text]

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Melssen, Maria C. "Sources: The Brain, the Nervous System, and Their Diseases." Reference & User Services Quarterly 54, no. 4 (2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.54n4.79b.

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Jenniefer L. Hellier's The Brain, the Nervous System, and Their Diseases fulfills its purpose as a single, comprehensive resource that covers all aspects of the brain, nervous system, and the diseases effecting these organ systems. The text is easy to navigate: entries are listed alphabetically and by topic. A detailed index is also provided at the end of volume 3. The 333 entries vary in length from several paragraphs to multiple pages and include "see also" references and lists of further readings. Images, tables, charts, and graphs are provided when available. A list of recommended resources at the end of the encyclopedia provides only eight resources; however, each entry's own list of further readings makes up for the brevity of this list.

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Ginak, Elena. "The «D.I. Mendeleev’s Periodic System of the Elements» Mural Near the Mendeleev Institute for Metrology in Saint Petersburg: How Metrologists Celebrated the 100th Anniversary of the Scientist." Substantia 5, no. 2 (2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/substantia-1028.

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This article is timed to the celebration of the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, declared by the UN and UNESCO in connection with the 150th anniversary of the discovery by D. I. Mendeleev of the Periodic Law of Chemical Elements (1869). The article highlights the metrological activity of D. I. Mendeleev and tells about how in the scientific metrological center, he created the Main Chamber of Weights and Measures. Now the D.I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM) preserves the memory of the life and activities of the great Russian scientist and encyclopedist. Based on the research carried out in the archives of St. Petersburg and the funds of Metrological Museum, the article for the first time details the history of the formation of the Mendeleev memorial complex on the territory of VNIIM. The contribution of the institute metrologists to the creation of such famous sights of St. Petersburg as the monument to D. I. Mendeleev (sculptor I. Ya. Ginzburg, 1932) and the mural (mosaic) «D. I. Mendeleev Periodic system of elements» (1935) on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the scientist is shown. All peripteries, related to the installation of the monument - table are described: a selection of options for the arrangement of elements, decoration, manufacturer and manufacturing techniques, coordination with various organizations, solving financing issues.

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Xia, Liu, Zhang, and Guo. "GEDS: A Gene Expression Display Server for mRNAs, miRNAs and Proteins." Cells 8, no. 7 (2019): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8070675.

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High-throughput technologies generate a tremendous amount of expression data on mRNA, miRNA and protein levels. Mining and visualizing the large amount of expression data requires sophisticated computational skills. An easy to use and user-friendly web-server for the visualization of gene expression profiles could greatly facilitate data exploration and hypothesis generation for biologists. Here, we curated and normalized the gene expression data on mRNA, miRNA and protein levels in 23315, 9009 and 9244 samples, respectively, from 40 tissues (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GETx)) and 1594 cell lines (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and MD Anderson Cell Lines Project (MCLP)). Then, we constructed the Gene Expression Display Server (GEDS), a web-based tool for quantification, comparison and visualization of gene expression data. GEDS integrates multiscale expression data and provides multiple types of figures and tables to satisfy several kinds of user requirements. The comprehensive expression profiles plotted in the one-stop GEDS platform greatly facilitate experimental biologists utilizing big data for better experimental design and analysis. GEDS is freely available on http://bioinfo.life.hust.edu.cn/web/GEDS/.

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Karpenko, Svitlana. "ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE UKRAINIAN FOLK TALE IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 20th CENTURY: FORMATION OF A NEW SCHOOL OF TALE SCIENCE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 29 (2021): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2021.29.2.

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The last third of the 20th century in folklore is marked by the revival of methodology and editorial practice. International experience in studying fairy tales (creation of indexes, dictionaries, and theoretical research) had a positive effect on the development of Ukrainian storytelling, in particular its international character, but negatively created an atmosphere of national inferiority of Ukrainian science, inability to discover something new and original in its own folklore. The basis for writing our study was the work of Ukrainian storytellers (I. Berezovskyi, M. Gyrak, M. Zinchuk, L. Dunaevska), dating from the last third of the 20th century. The study also uses fairy tale works of domestic and foreign scientists in their consistent and logical interaction; points to the international issues raised by scholars in relation to the study of folk tales, its genre basis and poetics. Based on the review of collections of fairy tales, conclusions are made about the dynamics of improving the methodology of recording and publishing fairy tale narratives. Giving an assessment of the state of development of Ukrainian science of fairy tales, we can state: 1) Ukrainian storytelling of the last third of the 20th century developed in theoretical and practical aspects. The appearance of multi-volume collections of fairy tales by M. Gyrak and M. Zinchuk, as well as serial editions by L. Dunaevska laid the foundations for further theoretical research; 2) the participation of Ukrainian storytellers in international projects of indexes of plots and motives of fairy tales testified the high level of methods of studying the genre. The work of scientists has contributed to the emergence not only of textbooks, indexes and encyclopedias, but also university departments; 3) L. Dunaevska's theoretical works formed a new school of fairy tale studies, which focuses on the international context.

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Gerasimov, Igor V., та Yaser H. Akel. "Medical Terms in the Arabic Manuscript Kitāb al-mi’a fi al-ṭibb (“Hundred Books on the Skills of Medicine”) by Abu Sahl Isa b. Yahya al-Masihi (the 11th Century)". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 13, № 2 (2021): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.205.

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The article is based on the manuscript “Hundred books on skills of Medicine” by Abu Sahl al-Masihi from the collection of the Oriental Department of the Gorky Library of St. Petersburg State University (Ms. O 667). The author of this written monument was regarded as the teacher of Ibn Sina (Avicenna). The text of Abu Sahl al-Masihi is an encyclopedic medical treatise of the XI century. It consists of one hundred “books”, each of which is a separate and independent chapter dedicated to a specific problem of theoretical or practical medicine. The article presents an analysis of Arabic medical terms found in the table of contents to the first book. They can be divided into four categories: borrowings from other languages, obsolete terms, terms found in the Qur’an, and terms with Arabic roots. The authors of the article cited fragments of Quranic texts as an illustration of the early origin of some terms for physiological states. The medical knowledge and traditions of the Arabs played a decisive role in the development of Arab-Muslim medieval medicine. Medical terms of the Arabs, introduced into scientific circulation in the early Middle Ages, are actively used in modern Arabic. The results of the lexical analysis of medical terminology from the first “book” of the treatise reflect the scale of the phenomenon called Arab-Muslim medieval medicine.

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Janzen, Olaf U. "The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime HistoryHattendorfJohn B. (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History. 4 vols.; Oxford and New York: The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History Oxford University Press [www.oup.com], 2007. xxiv + 2836 pp., illustrations, photographs, maps, tables, topical outline of entries, directory of contributors, index. £275, US $495, cloth; ISBN 978-0-19-513075-1." International Journal of Maritime History 20, no. 1 (2008): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140802000118.

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Mazer, Cary M. "Shakespeare at Stratford. Series edited by Robert Smallwood, Susan Brock, and Russell Jackson. London: Arden Shakespeare, 2002; King Richard III. By Gillian Day. xiii + 259 pp. $24.99; Shakespeare at Stratford. Series edited by Robert Smallwood, Susan Brock, and Russell Jackson. London: Arden Shakespeare, 2002; The Merchant of Venice. By Miriam Gilbert. xiii + 183 pp. $24.99; Shakespeare at Stratford. Series edited by Robert Smallwood, Susan Brock, and Russell Jackson. London: Arden Shakespeare, 2002; The Winter's Tale. By Patricia E. Tatspaugh. xiii + 240 pp. $24.99." Theatre Survey 45, no. 1 (2004): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557404400088.

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Scholars preparing production histories of individual Shakespeare plays have long been faced with the challenges of structuring their studies. The scholar can choose to write a straightforward one-actor-or-production-after-another monograph (Rosenberg on Othello, Ripley on Julius Caesar and Coriolanus, Bartholomeuz on Macbeth and The Winter's Tale, etc.), a transhistorical encyclopedic scene-by-scene and line-by-line collation (Rosenberg on King Lear, Macbeth, and Hamlet), a transhistorical interlineated text (Bratton and Hankey's Shakespeare in Production editions, under a variety of different series titles and publishers), or an exemplary-production snapshot album (Mulryne and Bulman's Shakespeare in Performance series).

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Vagts, Detlev F. "Encyclopedia of Public International Law (5 vols., including indices and tables). Edited by Rudolf Bernhardt. Amsterdam, Lausanne, New York: Elsevier Science, 1992-2001 (projected). NLG 4,226; $2,486." American Journal of International Law 95, no. 3 (2001): 726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2668521.

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Evans, S. K., and V. Lundblad. "A nuclear tale of two yeasts." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 10 (2001): 1798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.10.1798.

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The Yeast Nucleus edited by P. Fantes and J. Beggs Oxford University Press (2000) 338 pages. ISBN 0–19-963772-5?32.50 Without question, numerous studies in yeast and mammals have revealed a striking commonality of underlying mechanisms that govern basic biological operations. Perhaps the most famous example from recent years has been the recognition that genes required for maintaining the yeast genome play a critical role in preventing cancer in humans. However, examining the molecular differences - the variations on a common theme, so to speak - can also be useful for understanding core biological processes. These ideas are the foundation for The Yeast Nucleus, a valuable contribution to Oxford University Press's ‘Frontiers in Molecular Biology’ series. The textbook compares and contrasts various nuclear processes in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), pointing out the similarities - and differences - that make these two somewhat unrelated yeasts the dominant model systems for studying fundamental eukaryotic processes. Each of the nine chapters is an authoritative review written by experts in the field. The opening chapter surveys the technologies that have propelled efforts to elucidate the functions of the ~6000 predicted protein-encoding genes in S. cerevisiae; this chapter includes sections on bioinformatics, genome-wide transcription and proteome analysis. The next four chapters - covering DNA replication, the mitotic cell cycle, cell cycle checkpoints and nuclear division - form a well-integrated quartet that describes the complex molecular and genetic pathways governing faithful chromosome replication and segregation. The cell cycle chapter, in particular, is presented from a unique perspective: rather than focusing on the physiological changes that occur at each stage, it instead illustrates the molecular machines (i.e. the cyclin-dependent kinases) that propel the cell cycle. The fifth chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on RNA polymerase II transcription in S. cerevisiae that incorporates sections on general transcription factors, coactivators and repressors. It also includes a brief synopsis of the effects of chromatin on transcription, which creates a nice segue to the following chapter on the structure of chromatin at centromeres and telomeres. The final two chapters, on pre-mRNA splicing and nuclear transport of RNA and proteins, focus mainly on the mechanisms identified in budding yeast. The only obvious shortcoming with respect to the scope of this textbook is that it fails to include in-depth discussions of DNA repair and recombination. This publication has several attributes that make it an excellent reference source. First, it is a comprehensive review that weaves a great deal of supplementary information into each chapter. It not only is extensively referenced, but also frequently includes citations to reviews and to yeast database websites for further details. Second, the book is well written and readable. Each chapter is organized in a logical sequence - for example, the chapter on DNA replication starts with origin recognition and ends with Okazaki fragment processing. Furthermore, although the descriptions of genetic and molecular pathways are often encyclopedic, extensive summary tables and/or simple diagrams supplement the discussions and assist the reader in grasping the information. The value of such summary tables can be greatly appreciated when navigating through the maelstrom of mismatched S. cerevisiae and S. pombe CDC and RAD gene nomenclature. Lastly, there is an overall congruity that pulls together the topics of the separate chapters and relates them to one another. For instance, examples of genome-wide analyses are highlighted in several chapters to convey the practicality and usefulness of this approach, and the chapters on splicing and nuclear transport both include small sections that link these activities to other nuclear processes that have been discussed. It is important to note, however, that a complete understanding of many of the sections will require prior knowledge of fundamental genetic principles and molecular biology techniques; for this reason, the book may be better suited to the more advanced reader. The Yeast Nucleus is designed to stimulate thinking - not only about the similarities and differences between the budding and fission yeasts, but about whether comparable mechanisms might be used in other organisms as well. To achieve this goal, it goes beyond a comparative analysis of the two yeasts, and draws parallels with bacteriophage, viral and a variety of metazoan systems when applicable. The result is a well-integrated view that succeeds in providing a foundation for provoking thought about the unity of basic biological mechanisms. Moreover, each chapter concludes with an insightful look at the future direction of the field. In these regards, this publication will serve as a fabulous guidebook for experts as well as students.

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Kamp, Kathryn. "Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Susan T. Evans, David Webster, editors. Garland, New York, 2001. xliv + 948 pp., figures, tables, bibliographies, indices. $95.00 (cloth)." Latin American Antiquity 12, no. 3 (2001): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971642.

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Mattar, Philip. "Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East, edited by Avraham Sela. 815 pages, maps, tables. New York, NY: Continuum Publishing Company, 1999. $125.00 (Cloth) ISBN 0-8264-1053-7." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 35, no. 1 (2001): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400042255.

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Lin, Shu-Kun. "Encyclopedia of Algorithms. Edited by Kao, Ming-Yang, Springer-Verlag GmbH, 2008; 1220 pages, 183 figures, 38 tables; Hard Cover. Price: € 309.- / CHF 479.50.- ISBN 978-0-387-30770-1." Algorithms 2, no. 4 (2009): 1301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a2041301.

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Schmidt, Peter R. "Encyclopedia of Precolonial Africa: Archaeology, History, Languages, Cultures, and Environments. Joseph O. Vogel, editor. 1997. Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, California. 605 pp., 70 figures, 24 tables, bibliography, index. $125.00 (cloth)." American Antiquity 63, no. 4 (1998): 719–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694131.

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Baatz, Simon. "James R. Grossman, Ann Durkin Keating and Janice L. Reiff (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. xxix + 1152pp. 475 halftones. 442 maps. 10 tables. $65.00." Urban History 33, no. 2 (2006): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926806333792.

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Harrison, Brian F. "Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory. Edited by Ian Tattersall, Eric Delson, and John Van Couvering. New York and London: Garland Publishing. 1988. xxxvi + 603 pp., figures, tables. $87.50 (cloth)." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78, no. 4 (1989): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330780416.

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Trusov, Nikita V., Sergey A. Apryatin, Andrej N. Timonin, Vladimir A. Shipelin, Ivan V. Gmoshinski, and Dmitriy B. Nikityuk. "Comparative evaluation of the effect of resveratrol and carnitine on the full transcriptomic profile of liver tissue in mice with different sensitivity to the development of alimentary obesity." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 54 (2021): 83–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/54/5.

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Specialized food products and biologically active food supplements enriched with minor biologically active substances are considered as a useful supplement in the treatment of obesity and other nutrition-dependent diseases. Biologically active substances of food can have a complex effect on the expression of a large number of genes, which can affect the results of a therapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the nutrigenomic mechanisms of the effect of biologically active substances - l-carnitine and resveratrol on the expression of liver genes of DBA/2J mice and DBCB tetrahybrid, differing in genotype and sensitivity to the development of diet-induced obesity, using the method of full transcriptomic profiling of liver tissue. We carried out the experiment on male DBA/2J mice and the hybrid of the 2nd generation DBCB, obtained by crossing 4 lines of mice (DBA/2J, BALB/c, CBA/ lac and С57Black/6J). Mice for the experiment were obtained from Stolbovaya nursery, Federal State Budgetory Scientific Institution Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Moscow region, Russia). We worked with animals in accordance with international recommendations (Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes adopted on September 22, 2010; Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Eighth Edition / Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals; Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR); Division on Earth and Life Studies (DELS); National Research Council of the National Academies. Washington: The National Academies Press. 2011).The mice were divided into four groups with an equal number of 8 individuals. During 65 days, animals of the 1st (control) groups received a balanced semi-synthetic diet and purified drinking water, the 2nd groups received a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet with a high fat content (30% by of dry matter of the diet) and replacing drinking water by 20% fructose solution, 3rd groups - high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet with the addition of resveratrol at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, 4th groups - high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet with the addition of l-carnitine at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. Full transcriptome analysis was performed using the Gene Expression Hybridization Kit (Agilent Technologies, USA) on SurePrint G3 Mouse GE 8×60K Microarray Kit microarrays. Differential gene expression was expressed as base 2 logarithm of increasing or decreasing fluorescence (log2 FC) compared to control groups, separately for DBA/2J and DBCB mice. Chip scan data and calculation of differential expression values were exported to the “R” IDE and bioinformatics analysis was performed with quantile normalization and further analysis in the limma package. The packages AnnotationDbi, org.Rn.eg.db, pathview, gage, gageData were used to identify metabolic pathways among the genes, metabolic pathways and functions of biological systems presented in the international database Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and to visualize them. To visualize the results at all stages, the standard “R” graphics and additional packages ggplot2, ggrepel, and gplots were used. Liver morphology was studied by light microscopy after staining with hematoxyline-eosine (See Fig. 1). We revealed differential expression for at least one of the intergroup comparisons in the amount of │log2FC│≥0.5 (towards both enhancement and attenuation) and at a p-value ≤ 0.05 for 415 transcripts, of which 311 were identified with proteins or RNA with a known function (See Tables 1-3). Consumption of a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet was reflected in differential expression of 62 genes in DBA/2J mice and 97 in DBCB mice. In DBA/2J mice fed on a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, supplementation with resveratrol and l-carnitine caused a differential expression of 26 genes each. At the same time, only 2 genes (Pklr, Tkfc) responded to resveratrol and l-carnitine in mice of this strain. In DBCB tetrahybrid mice, resveratrol consumption corresponded to differential expression of 147 genes, and l-carnitine consumption corresponded to 221 genes. 61 genes from DBCB mice responded to both supplements, and the number of genes simultaneously targeted by high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets, resveratrol and l-carnitine was 10 (See Fig. 2). The gene expression profiles in DBA/2J and DBCB mice formed two separate clusters, the differences within which, determined by the composition of the diets, were less significant than the interstrain differences (See Fig. 3). Differential expression values in DBCB and DBA mice responding to HFCD and both supplements correlated negatively (See Fig. 4). The consumption of a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet in DBA/2J mice resulted in significant changes in 4 metabolic pathways, and in DBCB mice, in addition, in 5 more metabolic pathways. Resveratrol consumption did not cause significant changes in DBA/2J mice, and in tetrahybrid mice it affected mmu04512 ECM-receptor interaction. L-carnitine supplementation caused significant changes in mmu00830 Retinol metabolism only in DBCB mice (See Table 4). Consumption of a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet produced similar changes in the mmu00830 Retinol metabolism pathway in both mice (See Fig. 5). In metabolic pathway mmu03320 PPAR signaling pathway DBA/2J and DBCB mice showed positive differential expression of the PPARγ gene and negative Scd1. At the same time, only DBCB mice in this metabolic pathway are characterized by activation of the RXR gene expression and suppression of FABP, and the direction in changing Cyp4a1 in both mice is opposite (See Fig. 6). Changes in the metabolic pathway mmu00590 Arachidonic acid metabolism characterized by the imbalance in the expression of Cyp4a and Cyp2 isoforms, which are responsible for the synthesis of various hydroxy and epoxy derivatives of arachidonic acid, is characteristic only of DBCB mice (See Fig. 7). Thus, the experiments performed revealed both a certain similarity and differences in the response of the transcriptome of DBA/2J and DBCB mice to the consumption of a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, resveratrol and l-carnitine. The mechanisms that determine the direction of changes induced in the transcriptome of mice (and in coupled phenotypic changes) are, apparently, in the intervention of the studied dietary factors in key metabolic pathways, such as the PPAR signaling pathway, the metabolism of retinoids and eicosanoids. The data obtained indicate the importance of an adequate choice of a in vivo model of obesity and metabolic syndrome in preclinical studies of biologically active substances, in diet therapy and the enrichment of specialized food products with them.

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Yakubovich, Ilya. "The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient Languages. Edited by Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xx + 1182 + 51 figs. + 98 tables + 5 maps. $160." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 68, no. 1 (2009): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/598066.

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Brentjes, Sonja. "Elias Muhanna, The World in a Book. Al-Nuwayri and the Islamic Encyclopedic Tradition, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 11 figures, 13 tables, 2 appendices, index, 214 pp., ISBN: 9780691175560." Der Islam 97, no. 2 (2020): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/islam-2020-0041.

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Dhillon, Jaapna, Jose Godoy-Lugo, and Rudy Ortiz. "Blood Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Diet-Induced Changes in Metabolic Pathway Gene Expression." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab050_005.

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Abstract Objectives This study explored the effects of diet-induced (almonds vs. crackers) changes on blood transcriptome profiles of young adults. Methods Young adults (age: 18–22 years) were randomly assigned to consume either almonds (2 oz./d, n = 13) or an isocaloric control snack of graham crackers (325 kcal/d, n = 10) daily for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks after intervention. Total leukocyte RNA was extracted and sequenced. Gene expression profiling was carried out using a 3′ Tag-RNA-Seq protocol. Barcoded sequencing libraries were prepared using the QuantSeq FWD kit for multiplexed sequencing. Data were preprocessed, STAR aligned, and count tables generated using the QuantSeq FWD-UMI pipeline. Differential expression (DE) analysis was conducted on the time x diet model using the limma-voom packages in R. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on the DE p-values was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test in R. P-values were adjusted for false discovery rate correction (FDR). Results Out of 13,018 filtered genes, 69 were differentially expressed (FDR &lt; 0.1). Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2), diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKA), and glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) genes were upregulated with almond consumption. GOT2 plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles, DGKA is involved in lipid metabolism, and GCDH is involved in lysine degradation and tryptophan metabolism. Cracker consumption resulted in greater upregulation of TGF-beta activated kinase 1 gene (MAP3K7) binding protein 3 (TAB3) gene which is involved in the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway and a greater downregulation in the immunoglobulin superfamily member 8 (IGSF8) gene. Enrichment analyses indicate gene annotations to 341 KEGG pathways. Thermogeneic and ribosomal pathways were significantly enriched (FDR &lt; 0.1). Pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation, sphingolipid signaling, and tryptophan, propanoate, and starch and sucrose metabolism were also differentially enriched (P &lt; 0.05, FDR &lt; 0.3). Conclusions These findings indicate that diet (almond vs cracker) potentially alters metabolism through changes in gene transcription. The implications of these findings and associations with health and disease outcomes need to be investigated further. Funding Sources NIH

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Prokop, Krzysztof R. "[Recenzja]: Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Christian East (second edition, revised and expan-ded), edited by Edward G. Farrugia S.J., Pontifical Oriental Institute (Pontificio Istituto Orientalne), Rome 20152, ss. XXXVIII + 2006 (mapy, tabele)." Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne 2018, no. 110 (2018): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/abmk.2018.110.28.

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James, N. "Americas - Peter N. Peregrine & Melvin Ember (ed.). South America (Encyclopedia of Prehistory 7). xxvii+326 pages, 7 maps. 2002. New York (NY): Kluwer Academic/Plenum; 0-306-46261-3 hardback $200. - George SaboIII , Luis Fewando Restrepo & Linda Jones. First encounters: Native Americans & Europeans in the Mississippi Valley. CD-ROM PC Windows 95/98/2000/NT. 2000. Fayetteville (AR): Arkansas Archaeological Survey [free to ‘educators’]. - Michael D. Coe & Rex Koontz. Mexico from the Olmecs to the Aztecs (5th ed.). 248 pages, 154 figures, 19 colour plates, 1 table. 2002. London: Thames & Hudson; 0-500-28346-X paperback £9.95." Antiquity 76, no. 293 (2002): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00119817.

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Mbye, Helen. "Archaeology of Food: an encyclopedia (2 vols). Edited by Karen Bescherer Metheny and Mary C Beaudry. 265mm. Pp 702, 71 b&w ills, 2 tables. AltaMira Press, Lanham, USA, 2015. ISBN 9780759123649. £130 (hbk)." Antiquaries Journal 96 (August 8, 2016): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581516000548.

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Yao, Hongyan, Danli Xin, Zongyi Zhan, and Zijing Li. "Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Comparatively Predict the Active Ingredients and Molecular Targets of Compound Xueshuantong Capsule and Hexuemingmu Tablet in the Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (March 5, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6642600.

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Background. Compound Xueshuantong capsule (CXC) and Hexuemingmu tablet (HXMMT) are two important Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) frequently used to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), especially when complicated with vitreous hemorrhage (VH). However, a network pharmacology approach to understand the therapeutic mechanisms of these two CPMs in PDR has not been applied. Objective. To identify differences in the active ingredients between CXC and HXMMT and to comparatively predict and further analyze the molecular targets shared by these CPMs and PDR. Materials and methods. The differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) between normal retinal tissues in healthy individuals and active fibrovascular membranes in PDR patients were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The active ingredients of CXC and HXMMT and the targets of these ingredients were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. The intersections of the CPM (CXC and HXMMT) targets and PDR targets were determined. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed, and the ingredient-target networks, protein-protein interaction networks, and KEGG-target (KEGG-T) networks were constructed. Results. CXC contains 4 herbs, and HXMMT contains 19. Radix salviae is the only herb common to both. CXC had 34 potential therapeutic targets in PDR, while HXMMT had these 34 and 10 additional targets. Both CPMs shared the following main processes: response to reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, regulation of blood vessel diameter and size, vasoconstriction, smooth muscle contraction, hemostasis, and blood coagulation. The shared pathways included the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Conclusions. Both CXC and HXMMT include components effective at treating PDR and affect the following main processes: response to reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, regulation of blood vessels, and blood coagulation. Radix salviae, the only herb common to both CPMs, contains many useful active ingredients. The PDR-CXC and PDR-HXMMT networks shared 34 common genes (RELA, HSPA8, HSP90AA, HSP90AB1, BRCA, EWSR1, CUL7, HNRNPU, MYC, CTNNB1, MDM2, YWHAZ, CDK2, AR, FN1, HUWE1, TP53, TUBB, EP300, GRB2, VCP, MCM2, EEF1A1, NTRK1, TRAF6, EGFR, PRKDC, SRC, HDAC5, APP, ESR1, AKT1, UBC, and COPS5), and the PDR-HXMMT network has 10 additional genes (RNF2, VNL, RPS27, COPS5, XPO1, PARP1, RACK1, YWHAB, and ITGA4). The top 5 pathways with the highest gene ratio in both networks were the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Additional pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway were enriched with HXMMT targets. Thus, HXMMT has more therapeutic targets shared by different active ingredients and more abundant gene functions than CXC, which may be two major reasons why HXMMT is more strongly recommended than CXC as an auxiliary treatment for new-onset VH secondary to PDR. However, the underlying mechanisms still need to be further explored.

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Boullata, Issa J. "Cyril Glassé. The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Third Edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2008. viii + 718 pages, color photos, maps, charts, genealogical tables, chronology, bibliography. Cloth US$99.95 ISBN 978-0-7425-6296-7." Review of Middle East Studies 43, no. 2 (2009): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2151348100000732.

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Kauffman, George B. "Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition. Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz andMary Howe-Grant (Editors). Wiley-Interscience: New York, NY, 2001. Figs., tables. xxxvi + 2196 pp., paperback, 21.2 � 27.7 cm. $325.00. ISBN 0-471- 41961-3." Chemical Educator 7, no. 6 (2002): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897020633a.

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Boullata, Issa J. "Cheryl A. Rubenberg, ed. Encyclopedia of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2010. Three volumes, xii + 1837 pages, maps, tables. Glossary, chronology, contributors, index. Cloth US$395 ISBN 978-1-58826-686-6." Review of Middle East Studies 45, no. 2 (2011): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2151348100002809.

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Schwaller, John F. "Colonial Mexico - The Florentine Codex: An Encyclopedia of the Nahua World in Sixteenth-Century Mexico. Edited by Jeanette Favrot Peterson and Kevin Terraciano. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2019. Pp. 241. Figures. Tables. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $50.00 cloth." Americas 77, no. 3 (2020): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2020.47.

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Muschiolik, G. "The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology. Second Edition. Edited byA. L. Brody andK. S. Marsh. XII and 1023 pages, numerous figures and tables. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto 1997. Price: 150.00 £." Food / Nahrung 41, no. 6 (1997): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19970410625.

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Baumeister, H. "Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology and Molecular Medicine. Volume 2: Denaturation of DNA to Growth factors. Edited by R. A. Meyers. XIV and 474 pages, numerous figures and tables. VCH, Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo 1996. Price: 490.00 DM." Food / Nahrung 41, no. 1 (1997): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19970410133.

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Ameriks, Karl. "Hegel's Aesthetics: New Perspectives on its Response to Kant and Romanticism." Hegel Bulletin 23, no. 1-2 (2002): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200007916.

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Above all else, Hegel can be said to be the master of context, the philosopher who insisted that properly understanding anything involves putting it in its full context, reconstructing its development and its relation to all that is around it. From the beginning of his career, Hegel did not hesitate to put into its place the work of his fellow philosophers; his analysis, critique, and supersession of them occurred all at once, and culminated when he located them within his Phenomenology of Spirit and the final system of his Encyclopedia. Long after Hegel's own era, and even after the sharp decline in the appeal of his specific system and of ambitious systematic philosophy in general, a looser form of Hegel's contextual approach remains very popular, and with good reason. Without giving in entirely to this approach, it is hard to resist the temptation to turn the tables on Hegel himself a bit. Hence, in casting a philosophical glance at the specific phenomenon of Hegel's own aesthetics, in an attempt to begin to evaluate just a few of its most distinctive characteristics (in part 2), I will proceed by first offering a sketch of how I believe his philosophy as a whole should be situated in the context of its own age and the development of German philosophy in general (in part 1).Of course, my own interpretive perspective has its own context, external and internal. The external context is furnished by two other accounts providing slants on Hegel's aesthetics, slants that I believe are very understandable but in the end inadequate. The first of these slants is given by what I will call the “standard account,” which buys into most of Hegel's own characterization of his aesthetics (like his philosophy in general) as largely a welcome “objective” corrective to the supposedly “subjective” approach of Kant and the allegedly even more radically “subjectivistic” and arbitrary approach of the German Romantics. The second slant is to be found in Jean-Marie Schaeffer's recent book, Art of the Modern Age: Philosophy of Art from Kant to Heidegger. Schaeffer accepts much of the standard account, but he goes on to argue in an original way that the main aesthetic tradition of Germany — after Kant, from the early Romantics to Hegel and others until Heidegger — shares a large set of influential and highly questionable “speculative” presumptions, and that the sharing of this speculative approach is far more significant — and unfortunate — than whatever incidental differences can be found between various figures within this tradition.

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Baumeister, H. "Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology and Molecular Medicine. Volume 3: Heart failure, Genetic Basis of to Mammalian Genome. Edited byR. A. Meyers. XIV and 522 pages, numerous figures and tables. VCH, Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo 1996. Price: 490.00 DM." Food / Nahrung 41, no. 2 (1997): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19970410236.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Encyclopedia table'

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