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1
Lesko, Daniel S. "Encyclopedia Wao." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10791797.
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<p> Junot Diaz’s Pulitzer Prize winning novel, <i>The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao</i>, is examined as an encyclopedic work of literature and science fiction. In chapter one, this exploration focuses on the fuku as a post-colonial explanation of diaspora, utilizing postmemory to pass on a history of the Americas to future generations. Chapter two transitions into a discussion problematizing assimilation and hybridity, specifically focusing on Oscar and Yunior, attempting to define and understand what Diaz, himself, has pronounced as masculine subjectivities within the novel.</p><p>
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Tolley, Rebecca. "American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://www.amzn.com/0761925406.
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Book Summary: American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia is a first-of-its-kind reference, detailing developments in the growing field of men′s studies. This up-to-date analytical review serves as a marker of how the field has evolved over the last decade, especially since the 1993 publication of Anthony Rotundo′s American Manhood. This seminal book opened new vistas for exploration and research into American History, society, and culture. Weaving the fabric of American history, American Masculinities illustrates how American political leaders have often used the rhetoric of manliness to underscore the presumed moral righteousness and ostensibly protective purposes of their policies. Seeing U.S. history in terms of gender archetypes, readers will gain a richer and deeper understanding of America′s democratic political system, domestic and foreign policies, and capitalist economic system, as well as the "private" sphere of the home and domestic life. The contributors to American Masculinities share the assumption that men′s lives have been grounded fundamentally in gender, that is, in their awareness of themselves as males. Their approach goes beyond scholarship which traditionally looks at men (and women) in terms of what they do and how they have influenced a given field or era. Rather, this important work delves into the psychological core of manhood which is shaped not only by biology, but also by history, society, and culture.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Encyclopedias." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-157681.
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Since the inception of printing in Europe in the fifteenth century, encyclopedias have become popular and widespread all over the continent.
During the eighteenth century, dictionaries and other knowledge-communicating books constituted a major part of the book market,
thereby defining everyday knowledge, including information about the
entire world that was cultivated by periodicals and travel logs. Encyclopedias, from the very beginning, have been a varied genre owing to the assorted knowledge produced for different books, which depends on the subject, the target audience, the scope, and the price. General encyclopedias could amount to several volumes, sometimes more than ten, while more specific dictionaries usually comprised only one or two volumes. During the eighteenth century, many encyclopedic works were adapted for different audiences, resulting in many books being translated. This distribution of encyclopedias helped to build the European culture of knowledge we witness today, in which encyclopedias are still a major source of information.
4
Lee, Francis Hyeongwoo. "A web-based universal encyclopedia/dictionary." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1812.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Encyclopedias." Cultural transfers, encounters and connections in the global 18th century / ed. by Matthias Middell. Leipzig 2014, S. 163-181 ISBN 978-3-86583-754-7, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13040.
Full textAbstract:
Since the inception of printing in Europe in the fifteenth century, encyclopedias have become popular and widespread all over the continent.
During the eighteenth century, dictionaries and other knowledge-communicating books constituted a major part of the book market,
thereby defining everyday knowledge, including information about the
entire world that was cultivated by periodicals and travel logs. Encyclopedias, from the very beginning, have been a varied genre owing to the assorted knowledge produced for different books, which depends on the subject, the target audience, the scope, and the price. General encyclopedias could amount to several volumes, sometimes more than ten, while more specific dictionaries usually comprised only one or two volumes. During the eighteenth century, many encyclopedic works were adapted for different audiences, resulting in many books being translated. This distribution of encyclopedias helped to build the European culture of knowledge we witness today, in which encyclopedias are still a major source of information.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Historical Encyclopedia of American Labor." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5627.
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Neverova, S. "Еncyclopedia of Ukraine". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49161.
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«Encyclopedia of Ukraine» is one of the most important and significant works of the twentieth century. This work has a goal-to acquaint us with the history of ancient and modern Ukraine, which during its long journey of formation, experienced a large number of changes. The encyclopedia was created under the auspices of the Scientific Society named after Shevchenko in Europe and contains of two parts: 3 volumes of general part and 10 volumes of dictionary part.
8
Васильєв, Костянтин Костянтинович, Константин Константинович Васильев та Kostiantyn Kostiantynovych Vasyliev. "Новая биографическая энциклопедия". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24679.
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Burback, Kyle. "Expanded and Integrated Entries from the Orthogonal Encyclopedia on Nature." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors149277574680419.
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Bazinet, Geneviève. "Pierre Attaingnant's encyclopedia of sacred music: the 1534 -1539 motet series." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121309.
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Pierre Attaingnant's fourteen-volume Motet Series (1534-1539) was a monumental achievement in music printing, featuring innovative approaches to organisation and far exceeding the four earlier motet series printed by Petrucci, Antico, and Moderne, in terms of size and structure. Part I of my dissertation provides a historical context for the Series. Chapter 1 reviews the early years of François I's reign, the musical establishments at the court, and the King's own interest in music. Chapter 2 outlines the state of the motet in sixteenth-century France, and the beginnings of music printing. I then compare the four "predecessors" to Attaingnant's Series in Chapter 3 and argue that while there was a loose set of conventions for the printed motet series before 1534, many of the features varied from printer to printer and book to book.Part II offers a first look at the Series as a constructed product and examines four primary facets: the format and layout (Chapter 4), the composers, concordances and markets of the Series (Chapter 5), the rubrics (Chapter 6), and the sources of the texts of the motets (Chapter 7). Through a study of the physical aspects of the Series and the various organisational approaches used by Attaingnant (Chapter 4), I illustrate that, in contrast to its predecessors, Attaingnant's Series was remarkably standardised, and designed as a single, cohesive product. The discussion of the sixty named composers (Chapter 5) examines the distribution of the motets among two principal groups of composers (the famous and the little-known), and draws additional ties between the Series and the French royal court. Investigation of the concordances of the motets by these composers reveals a large number of unica, pointing to the importance of the Series for the preservation of repertoire, including the sole surviving works for a handful of composers whom I call the "Attaingnant Composers." Using the concordances for the motets of a single book combined with details of the six surviving copies of the Series, I examine the market for the Series and suggest potential types of owners for these books, from cathedrals to music collectors.I then narrow my focus to a unique feature of the Series, the use of rubrics in book titles and for individual motets (Chapter 6). Rubrics are short Latin phrases that the printer included to identify potential performance occasions for the motets and the subjects of the motet texts; they link the Series to the liturgy and to devotional Books of Hours. Prompted by the ties of the rubrics to the liturgy and Books of Hours, I investigate the context in which the Series was sold in Paris, specifically the shop in the Rue de la Harpe, and explore a long standing connection between Books of Hours and the shop that previously belonged to Philippe Pigouchet, Attaingnant's father-in-law, and one of the premier printers of Books of Hours in Paris. Chapter 7 provides a comprehensive study of the texts of the 281 motets in which I identify the sources for the texts, and show that they were connected both to the liturgy and to Books of Hours. In the final chapter (8), I revisit the issue of the function of the motet in the sixteenth century in light of my findings, and argue that the format, contents, rubrics, and texts of the Series all point to a multi-purpose function for the motet and the Motet Series as a whole.I conclude that the Series, with its mixture of famous and obscure composers, its broad range of Latin texts and its ties to both the liturgy and Books of Hours, is best understood as an encyclopedia of sacred music, one that reflected what was sung in Paris for all to emulate.<br>La série de quatorze volumes de motets par Pierre Attaingnant (1534-1539) fut une réalisation monumentale dans l'impression de la musique, démontrant des approches novatrices dans son organisation et dépassant de loin, en taille et en structure, les quatre séries de motets imprimées plus tôt par Petrucci, Antico et Moderne. La première partie de ma thèse fournit un contexte historique pour la série de motets. Le premier chapitre passe en revue les premières années du règne de François Ier et les institutions de musique à la cour. Le deuxième chapitre décrit l'état du motet en France au XVIe siècle, et les débuts de l'impression de la musique. Je compare ensuite, au troisième chapitre, les quatre «prédécesseurs» à la série d'Attaingnant et soutiens que bien qu'il y avait un ensemble de conventions vagues pour la série de motets imprimée avant 1534, la plupart des caractéristiques variaient d'un imprimeur à l'autre et d'un livre à l'autre. La deuxième partie offre un premier aperçu de la série d'Attaingnant comme un produit construit et examine quatre aspects principaux: le format et la présentation (chapitre 4), les compositeurs, les concordances et les marchés propres à la série (chapitre 5) ainsi que les rubriques (chapitre 6), et les sources des textes des motets (chapitre 7). Par l'entremise d'une étude des aspects physiques de la série et des différentes approches organisationnelles utilisées par Attaingnant (chapitre 4), j'illustre que la série d'Attaingnant était remarquablement standardisée, et conçu comme un produit unique et cohérent. La discussion des soixante compositeurs nommés (chapitre 5) examine la répartition des motets entre deux principaux groupes de compositeurs (le bien connu et le peu connu), et souligne des liens supplémentaires entre la série et la cour royale française. Une étude des concordances des motets de ces compositeurs révèle un grand nombre d'unica, soulignant l'importance de la série pour la préservation du répertoire, y compris les seules œuvres survivantes pour un petit nombre de compositeurs que j'appelle les «Compositeurs Attaingnant». En utilisant les concordances pour les motets d'un seul livre, ainsi que les détails sur les six exemplaires survivants de la série j'examine le marché pour la série et suggère des types probables de propriétaires de ces livres. Je me concentre ensuite sur une caractéristique unique de la série, l'utilisation de rubriques dans les titres de livres et dans les motets individuelles (chapitre 6). Les rubriques sont de courtes phrases latines que l'imprimeur fournit afin d'identifier les occasions possibles de représentation pour les motets et les sujets des textes de motets, elles lient la série à la liturgie et aux livres d'heures. Poussé par les liens des rubriques à la liturgie et livres d'heures, j'étudie le contexte dans lequel la série a été vendue à Paris, plus précisément la boutique de la rue de la Harpe, et j'explore une connexion de longue date entre les livres d'heures et la boutique qui appartenait auparavant à Philippe Pigouchet, beau-père de Pierre Attaingnant, et l'un des imprimeurs principaux de livres d'heures à Paris. Le chapitre 7 fournit une étude approfondie des textes des 281 motets, dans laquelle j'identifie les sources de ces textes, et je démontre que ces textes étaient liés à la fois à la liturgie et aux livres d'heures. Dans le dernier chapitre (8) je revisite la question de la fonction du motet au XVIe siècle à la lumière de mes conclusions, et affirment que le format, le contenu, les rubriques et les textes de la série indiquent une fonction polyvalente pour le motet et la série dans son ensemble. Je conclus que la série de Pierre Attaingnant, avec son mélange de compositeurs célèbres et obscurs, sa large gamme de texte en latin et ses liens à la fois à la liturgie et aux livres d'heures, est mieux comprise comme une encyclopédie de la musique sacrée qui reflète ce qui était chanté à Paris, permettant l'imitation par tous.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Encyclopedia of American Social Movements, ed. by Immanuel Ness." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5629.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Encyclopedia of National Dress : Traditional Clothing Around the World." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5648.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Der Mehrwert des Wissens." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-151160.
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Als man im späten 17. Jahrhundert begann, Handelslexika herauszugeben, fing für Merkur eine neue Karriere an. So flatterte sein Mantel über dem Dictionnaire de Commerce von Savary. Der Caduccus-Stab mit den beiden sich darum windenden Schlangen (als Symbole des Friedens, der ausgleichenden Ambivalenz oder auch der Wechselseitigkeit) dirigiert das Konzert der im Lexikon arrangierten Informationen, welche die Welt der Waren und des Handels beschrieben und in einer schon damals globalen Perspektive alle Wirtschaftszentren erfassten, komplett mit Markttagen, Währungen, Börsenregeln und Hinweisen auf die lokalen Sitten. Beinahe wäre Merkur in diesen Büchern als Handelsgott professionalisiert worden und hätte nur diese eine Funktion als Beruf erhalten. So sah man das jedenfalls im frühen 18. Jahrhundert: Weil ihn bereits die olympischen Götter "zu einem Patron der Kaufleute und Diebe machten; daher auch noch die Kaufleute von ihm Mercatores und die Kaufmannschafft Mercatura, sollen "genennet werden", leist man einem verbreiteten "Reallexikon" des 18. Jahrhunderts, gleichlautend in den Auflagen von 1727, 1741 und 1762.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Alcohol in Popular Culture: An Encyclopedia, ed. by Rachel Black." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5639.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Encyclopedia of Population, ed. by Paul Demeny and Geoffrey McNicoll." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5626.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Sweet Treats Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5621.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Bücher als Wissensmaschinen." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-160963.
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Eine Gesamtdarstellung dessen, was man früher "Realenzyklopädien"
nannte, ist jedoch bis heute nicht versucht worden – die Vielfalt der hier versammelten Wissensmaschinen zeigt vielleicht, warum. Die Kultur des Wissens in der Frühen Neuzeit war erheblich komplexer, als das die Annahme von der sich entwickelnden frühmodernen Rationalität oder die Unterstellung eines "Willens zum Wissen" erklärbar machen kann.
Auch die Autoren stehen darum gegenüber den Büchern zurück, die als Wissensmaschinen verstanden und in ihrer enzyklopädischen Leistungskraft befragt werden: Was kann der Leser damit anfangen? Welche Welt wird ihm erschlossen? Was kann er daraus mitnehmen? Von den Autoren wird hier die Erklärung des Buches nicht versucht. Freilich gibt es leidenschaftliche Enzyklopädisten wie Gesner im 16., Bonanni im 17. oder Scheuchzer im 18. Jahrhundert. Weil der Einblick in diese spezielle Art von Büchern aber nur eine Auswahl sein kann – wie
exemplarisch auch immer –, wird die Geistesgeschichte hier der Buchgeschichte nachgeordnet. Was Bücher können, das ist die Frage, und nicht, wer welche Ideen hatte.
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Linhardt, Alex. "The Imaginary Encyclopedia: The Novel and the Reference Work in the Age of Reason." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493327.
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The Imaginary Encyclopedia explores the relationship between aesthetics and epistemology in the eighteenth century by positing a formal analogy between the early novel and the reference work (e.g., Johnson’s Dictionary, Diderot’s Encyclopédie). The dissertation considers that analogy from two reciprocal vantages: first, by conceptualizing the early novel as a particularly elastic type of reference work and, second, by studying the reference work as a cohesive, imagined literary world. The book frames that mirror effect between two theoretical axes: on one hand, Michel Foucault’s The Order of Things, which describes the rational structuration that occurs within all imaginative or creative thought and, on the other hand, Theodor W. Adorno’s work on the influence of folklore and ritual on the development of Enlightenment rationality. The project therefore uses the dynamic between the novel and the reference work as a symbolic gateway to this question: what if we took the processes of imaginative writing to be structurally similar or identical to the processes of rational or scientific inquiry? In answering that troublesome question, The Imaginary Encyclopedia surveys four eighteenth-century writers who experimented with aesthetic form for the purpose of conveying abnormally dense amounts of information. First, it looks at Daniel Defoe’s Journal of the Plague Year as a narrative that embraces encyclopedism, using scientific or referential description to position itself as a contribution to the nascent social sciences. It then moves on to two novelists – Jonathan Swift and Laurence Sterne – who are expressly skeptical of the utility of the reference work but unable to escape its powerful allure as an organizational framework for their fiction. Finally, it concludes with a chapter on James Boswell’s journals, which give contemporary readers a vivid sense of how the interaction between literary writing and encyclopedic writing inhered in the everyday consciousness of eighteenth-century authors. These four readings suggest that the early English novel’s form revolutionized the organization of Enlightenment information, providing an aesthetic medium for syncretic compilation and the means to index subjective experience as though it were a scientific object. In other words, the novel was not merely capable of encyclopedism – as Edward Mendleson famously argued in defending various “epic novels” – but encyclopedic in its very structure.<br>English
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Branch, Jennifer L. "Information-seeking processes of junior high students, a case study of CD-ROM encyclopedia use." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0008/NQ59566.pdf.
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Toleno, Robban Anthony John. "Skilled eating : knowledge of food in Yichu's Shishi liutie, a Buddhist encyclopedia from tenth-century China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52875.
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A common approach in studies of food and religion is to understand food taboos as emerging out of a symbolic system based on notions of the sacred. Religion is understood in this view to construct meaning on the basis of symbolism, which is grounded in sacred authority. In Chinese Buddhist discourse on eating contained in a tenth-century Buddhist encyclopedia, however, in place of food taboos one finds a doctrine of equanimity and moderation in eating. Using the Chinese Buddhist encyclopedia Shishi liutie as source, I argue that Chinese Buddhists framed the morality of eating not by sacral authority but by a notion of skill. This theoretical frame describes Buddhist ethics generally: kuśala (Ch. shan 善) is that which is skillful because it is wholesome, good, virtuous, or meritorious; and akuśala (Ch. bushan 不善) is that which is unskillful, because it is unwholesome or lacking in virtue. Viewing morality as a problem of skill helps explain the variation of interpretations on how to best eat as a Buddhist, which are found in different Buddhist writings. Buddhist teachings on food are provisional forms of knowledge rather than authoritative pronouncements. Most central to Buddhist attitudes on food in the Shishi liutie are proper knowledge and proper attitude––both of which allow individuals to skillfully obtain the benefits of eating while avoiding pitfalls such as gluttony and illness. By highlighting skill over sacral authority, I question the commonly held notion that religious knowledge is by definition fundamentally symbolic. In medieval China, Buddhist knowledge of eating was practical and provisional, evolving with society to meet contemporary needs.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Asian Studies, Department of<br>Graduate
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Bell, Mark W. "The transformation of the encyclopedia : a textual analysis and comparison of the Encyclopaedia Britannica and Wikipedia." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1365173.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the following research question: Are there grammatical textual differences between Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia? Specifically, this study will focus on the articles for "Communism" and "Dwight D. Eisenhower" that appear in the online version of Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia. Using a grammatical textual analysis, the study finds there is little difference grammatically between Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia though they are very different types of systems. There are several different types of textual or contextual methods that could expand on this initial approach to find differences between Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia.<br>Department of Telecommunications
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Anderson, Joanna M. "Book Review of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture Volume 19: Violence . Ed, by Amy Louise Wood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/384.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Der Mehrwert des Wissens: Merkur und andere enzyklopädische Götter." Lucius & Lucius, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12863.
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Als man im späten 17. Jahrhundert begann, Handelslexika herauszugeben, fing für Merkur eine neue Karriere an. So flatterte sein Mantel über dem Dictionnaire de Commerce von Savary. Der Caduccus-Stab mit den beiden sich darum windenden Schlangen (als Symbole des Friedens, der ausgleichenden Ambivalenz oder auch der Wechselseitigkeit) dirigiert das Konzert der im Lexikon arrangierten Informationen, welche die Welt der Waren und des Handels beschrieben und in einer schon damals globalen Perspektive alle Wirtschaftszentren erfassten, komplett mit Markttagen, Währungen, Börsenregeln und Hinweisen auf die lokalen Sitten. Beinahe wäre Merkur in diesen Büchern als Handelsgott professionalisiert worden und hätte nur diese eine Funktion als Beruf erhalten. So sah man das jedenfalls im frühen 18. Jahrhundert: Weil ihn bereits die olympischen Götter "zu einem Patron der Kaufleute und Diebe machten; daher auch noch die Kaufleute von ihm Mercatores und die Kaufmannschafft Mercatura, sollen "genennet werden", leist man einem verbreiteten "Reallexikon" des 18. Jahrhunderts, gleichlautend in den Auflagen von 1727, 1741 und 1762.
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Mahler, Claudia. "Helmut Volger (Hrsg), A Concise Encyclopedia of the United Natiions, Den Haag-London-New York/ [rezensiert von] Claudia Mahler." Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5494/.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Bücher als Wissensmaschinen." GTA-Verl, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13155.
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Eine Gesamtdarstellung dessen, was man früher "Realenzyklopädien"
nannte, ist jedoch bis heute nicht versucht worden – die Vielfalt der hier versammelten Wissensmaschinen zeigt vielleicht, warum. Die Kultur des Wissens in der Frühen Neuzeit war erheblich komplexer, als das die Annahme von der sich entwickelnden frühmodernen Rationalität oder die Unterstellung eines "Willens zum Wissen" erklärbar machen kann.
Auch die Autoren stehen darum gegenüber den Büchern zurück, die als Wissensmaschinen verstanden und in ihrer enzyklopädischen Leistungskraft befragt werden: Was kann der Leser damit anfangen? Welche Welt wird ihm erschlossen? Was kann er daraus mitnehmen? Von den Autoren wird hier die Erklärung des Buches nicht versucht. Freilich gibt es leidenschaftliche Enzyklopädisten wie Gesner im 16., Bonanni im 17. oder Scheuchzer im 18. Jahrhundert. Weil der Einblick in diese spezielle Art von Büchern aber nur eine Auswahl sein kann – wie
exemplarisch auch immer –, wird die Geistesgeschichte hier der Buchgeschichte nachgeordnet. Was Bücher können, das ist die Frage, und nicht, wer welche Ideen hatte.
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Holmberg, Linn. "The forgotten encyclopedia : the Maurists' dictionary of arts, crafts, and sciences, the unrealized rival of the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88359.
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In mid-eighteenth century Paris, two Benedictine monks from the Congregation of Saint-Maur – also known as the Maurists – started compiling a universal dictionary of arts, crafts, and sciences. The project was initiated simultaneously with what would become one of the most famous literary enterprises in Western intellectual history: the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d’Alembert. The latter started as an augmented translation of Ephraim Chambers’s Cyclopaedia, but it was constructed with another French dictionary as its ideological counterpart: the Jesuits’ Dictionnaire de Trévoux. While the Encyclopédie eventually turned into a controversial but successful best-seller, considered as the most important medium of Enlightenment thought, the Benedictines never finished or published their work. After a decade, the manuscripts were put aside in the monastery library, and were soon forgotten. For about two hundred and sixty years, the Maurists’ dictionary material has largely escaped the attention of researchers, and its history of production has been unknown. This dissertation examines the history and characteristics of the Maurists’ enterprise. The manuscripts are compared to the Encyclopédie and the Dictionnaire de Trévoux, and the project situated within its monastic environment of production, the history of the encyclopedic dictionary, and the Enlightenment culture. The study has an interdisciplinary character and combines perspectives of History of Science and Ideas, History of Monasticism, History of Encyclopedism, and History of the Book. The research procedure is distinguished by a microhistorical approach, where the studied materials are analyzed in a detailed manner, and the research process included in the narrative. The dissertation shows that the Maurists early found themselves in a rival situation with the embryonic Encyclopédie, and that the two projects had several common denominators that distinguished them from the predecessors within the genre. At the same time, the Maurists were making a dictionary unique in the eighteenth century, which assumed a third position in relation to the works of the encyclopédistes and the Jesuits. The study provides new perspectives on the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d’Alembert, the intellectual activities of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, as well as the editor in charge of the Maurist dictionary: Dom Antoine-Joseph Pernety, otherwise known for his alchemical writings.
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Hoffmann, Saul <1988>. "WIKIPEDIA IN TEACHING: IMPROVING AUTONOMY IN RESEARCH, CRITICAL SENSE, AND COLLABORATIVE ABILITIES IN STUDENTS, MAKING THEM CONTRIBUTE TO THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8107.
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Wikipedia funziona e non sappiamo come sia possibile. Se ci riesce, è solo grazie alla sua “anarchia funzionale” da formicaio, data dagli utenti che quotidianamente correggono, contribuiscono e controllano i suoi articoli. Questo lavoro si concentra sulle possibili interazioni del triangolo studenti-insegnante-Wikipedia, considerando che fino ad oggi il mondo accademico si è mostrato scettico verso Wikipedia.
Da un punto di vista teorico, viene data una lista di possibili modi di contribuire a Wikipedia da parte di studenti universitari con esempi di attività pratiche. Queste includono, ma non sono limitate a, scrivere nuovi articoli, controllarne di esistenti, tradurre dalla versione in una lingua ad un'altra, creare contenuti audio-visivi e disegnare infografiche.
Per un approccio più empirico, è stato realizzato un progetto presso l'Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, con due coorti di studenti a cui è stata data la possibilità di scegliere di contribuire a Wikipedia come parte di un loro esame.
Per offrire una visione completa, questo lavoro affronta sia i problemi incontrati durante la preparazione e l'esecuzione dell'attività, che i risultati generali.
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Pianca, Luca <1995>. "SMART WORKING ENCYCLOPEDIA Theoretical and practical suggestions to embrace these new working modalities with the support of a real case study." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18732.
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L'obiettivo della tesi è fornire degli spunti teorici e pratici per poter implementare un'efficace progetto di Smart Working.
Nei primi capitoli verrà presentata l'analisi approfondita dei principali driver dello Smart Working, nonché Behaviours, Bytes and Bricks, la quale verrà successivamente arricchita e valorizzata dall'analisi qualitativa del caso reale Amadori.
Il lettore potrà quindi trarre ispirazione tanto dagli spunti teorici affrontati dalla letteratura, quanto dalle considerazioni pratiche emerse dall'analisi del caso reale.
Infine, verrà anche proposta una road map per poter implementare nella propria organizzazione tali nuovi dinamiche lavorative, cosicchè chiunque interessato possa avere una guida schematica e riassuntiva per avviare un progetto di Smart Working.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Enzyklopädien des 18. Jahrhunderts digital." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-149028.
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Durch Digitalisierung und Bereitstellung im Internet rücken jetzt die Nachschlagewerke näher an die Leser und Schreiber heran. Orientierung beim Schreiben geben neben den gedruckten Werken längst auch Online-Dienste wie Wikipedia, während die Lektüre zugleich von Fachportalen und einschlägigen Hypertexten gesteuert wird, die immer weniger dazu auffordern, den Schreibtischstuhl zu verlassen. Die Kultur des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens mag gleich bleiben, ihre Medien ändern sich entscheidend, wenn sie digital werden.
30
Tolley-Stokes, Rebecca. "Annotated Bibliography." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5760.
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Feigl, Florian, and Otmar Wagner. "Die Enzyklopädie der Performancekunst." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-60757.
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Die Enzyklopädie der Performancekunst ist keine weitere Geschichte der Performancekunst. Der empirische und strikt materialistische Zugang zielt darauf ab, einen kompletten und systematischen Überblick zu geben über Materialien und ihren Gebrauch in der Performancekunst sowie Handlungen
und ihre spezifischen Qualitäten in der Performancekunst.
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Maneval, Béatrice. "L'utilisation de ressources partagées dans l'apprentissage : un changement du rapport au savoir ? : Le cas de Wikipedia." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3005.
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C'est face à la montée fulgurante de l'informatique pour tous que débute cette thèse. L'usage des nouvelles technologies se propage dans tous les domaines. L'éducation est bien sûr concernée par ce phénomène.C'est ainsi que nous remonterons le temps aux débuts de l'éducation en retraçant les évolutions qui l'ont affectée. Ceci nous permettra de mieux comprendre comment les bouleversements d'aujourd'hui s'intègrent dans notre système actuel. Nous étudierons tout particulièrement l'encyclopédie Wikipedia, véritable phénomène de société par sa gestion innovante. Comment est-elle appréhendée dans l'enseignement ? Notre étude essaiera d'apporter des éclaircissements dans ce domaine. L'encyclopédie est-elle exploitée par la population enseignante dans leurs pratiques professionnelles ? Cet espace collaboratif occupe-t-il toute sa place dans le monde de l'éducation ? Ces questionnements nous permettront d'élaborer notre plan d'étude. Il nous conduira en conclusion vers les modalités d'intégration de ces nouveaux espaces de ressources partagées dans l'enseignement<br>The genesis of this thesis is the lightning rise of Information Technology. The use of new technologies is spreading in every field. Education is of course affected by this trend.This is why we will go back in time to the early stages of education by observing its evolution.This will allow us to better understand how today's changesfit into our current system. We will study with particular interest the Wikipedia encyclopedia, a genuine phenomenon of our time by his innovative approach. How is it utilized in teaching? Our study will attempt to bring light to such areas.How is the encyclopedia utilized in education, and particularly by teachers?Does this collaborative field occupy all its place in the world of education?These questions will allow us to develop our study plan. It will as a conclusion lead us towards the integration modes of these new shared-resource fields in teaching
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Nasologie." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-161141.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Der Aufbau der Wissenswelt." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-149015.
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Im Spannungsfeld zwischen der gültigen Repräsentation des aktuellen Wissensstandes und der allgemeinen Verständlichkeit für den nichtakademischen Leser stellt die enzyklopädische Literatur des 18. Jahrhunderts eine Praxis der Wissenserstellung und Wissensvermittlung dar, die an ihren Formen selbst studiert werden muss. Nach einer kurzen Erläuterung
des Ansatzes (1.) werden nachfolgend diese Wissensformen als gattungsgenerierend (2.) und, am Beispiel von Zedlers Universal-Lexicon (3.), als textgenerierend für das allgemeine Wissen beschrieben.
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Santos, Alexandre Henrique da Silva dos. "Organizando a Terra: Nicolas Desmarest e o verbete Geografia Física na Enciclopédie de Diderot e D\'Alembert." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-06122018-122256/.
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Esta dissertação discute o verbete Geografia Física, elaborado por Nicolas Desmarest e publicado na Encyclopédie de Diderot e DAlembert em 1757, o qual apresenta uma proposta de se fazer e pensar Geografia diferente das interpretações comumente aceitas pela História da Geografia para o pensamento geográfico do século XVIII. Elaborado pelo homem de letras Nicolas Desmarest, no seio do Iluminismo e do enciclopedismo francês, este trabalho analisou o verbete no contexto deste movimento e das tradições científicas que teorizaram a Terra e seus fenômenos na primeira metade do século XVIII. Diante da discussão realizada, constatou-se a existência de uma legítima Geografia teorizada pelas Luzes e propagada pela Encyclopédie, bem como o papel central assumido por Nicolas Desmarest para o desenvolvimento deste saber. Além disso, revelou a existência de uma importante controvérsia científica entre a Geografia Física e a Teoria da Terra, a qual foi debatida por Nicolas Desmarest e Buffon no limiar do nascimento das chamadas Geologia e Geografia modernas.<br>In this work we discuss about the article Physical Geography, that was created by Nicolas Desmarest and published in the Diderot and DAlemberts Encyclopedia in 1757. The article introduced a proposal to do and to think Geography different from what is commonly accepted by the History of Geography to the 18th century geographical thought. It was elaborated by the man of letters Nicolas Desmarest, in the middle of the Enlightenment and the French encyclopedism. This work analyzed the article in the context of this movement and in the scientific traditions that theorized the Earth and its phenomena in the 18th century first half. In front of this discussion, we noted the existence of a genuine Geography theorized by the Enlightenment and propagated by the Encyclopedia, which Nicolas Desmarest assumed a central position to the development of this knowledge. Furthermore, this work revealed an important scientific controversy between the Physical Geography and the Theory of the Earth that was discussed by Nicolas Desmarest and Buffon, in the dawn of so-called modern Geology and Geography.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Zur Systematisierung des Wissens in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-149270.
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Die folgenden Überlegungen verdanken sich dem Versuch, die Wissenschaftsgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts durch die Wissensgeschichte zu unterlaufen, und die akademische Disziplinierung der Erkenntnisweisen durch einen Blick auf die tatsächlich produzierten Enzyklopädien zu durchkreuzen. Der Blick auf die Universität fällt entsprechend kritisch aus.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Encyclopedia of The U.S. Census: From The Constitution To The American Community Survey ed. by Margo J. Anderson, Constance F. Citro, and Joseph J. Salvo." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5643.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Über den Körper sprechen in Enzyklopädien." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-149383.
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Im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert ist die Rede der Enzyklopädisten - gemeint sind damit alle, wohl mehrere hundert alphabetisch geordneten und umfangsstarken Wissenswerke vor und nach der französischen "Encyclopedie" (1751- 1765) - erkennbar darin unterschiedlich, je nachdem, an welches Publikum sie sich richten. Dabei kann man vom Beispiel der französischen Akademie ausgehen und vermutungsweise zwei Haupttypen unterscheiden, nämlich das allgemeine Publikum und die Fachleserschaft. Einen charakteristischen Fall scheinen medizinische Enzyklopädien abzugeben, denn bei medizinischen Artikeln kann man sogar davon sprechen. dass die unterschiedlichen Redeweisen enzyklopädischer Werke zwei Körper konstituieren: den ärztlichen Behandlungsgegenstand und den Körper des Bürgers. Während der eine Objekt von Praktiken ist, akkumuliert der andere anatomische und chirurgische Kenntnisse als theoretisches Wissen. Die therapeutische Wirkung der Lektüre ist entsprechend verschieden. Für den Arzt bedeutet eine fachliche Auskunft immer auch eine mögliche Handlungsanweisung, für den Laien reduziert sich der praktische Anwendungsnutzen auf präventive Maßnahmen oder lediglich auf ein Verständnis ärztlicher Kunst. Der Unterschied ist einfach zu beobachten, wenn man die beiden Textsorten - den Fachartikel und den des allgemeinen Wissens - auseinander hält. Das soll im Folgenden am Beispiel einer medizinischen Enzyklopädie geschehen, deren Artikel die fachsprachlichen Vermittlungs- und Lesetechniken überschreiten und eine allgemeinbildende Wissensartikulation auch im Bereich des medizinischen Wissens durchsetzen wollen. Es handelt sich um das kurz vor der berühmten "Encyclopedie" von Diderot und d' Alembert veröffentliche "Medical Dictionary" von Robert James.
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Denubila, Rodrigo Valverde [UNESP]. "A enciclopédia aberta de Agustina Bessa-Luís: uma escrita entre parênteses." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154159.
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-13<br>Esta pesquisa fundamenta-se na hipótese de entender a obra da escritora portuguesa Agustina Bessa-Luís como uma enciclopédia aberta. Faz-se necessário, em vista disso, discutir o modo pelo qual a enciclopédia se estrutura e quais temas-chave privilegia. Frisa-se, aqui, que o termo “aberta”, no título deste trabalho, especifica a estética da incompletude ou a poética do inacabado. Justificando a segunda parte do título, nossa reflexão tem também por objetivo identificar traços da composição da escritora portuguesa a partir da concepção de uma escrita entre parênteses, representativa da multiplicação como qualificador do seu método composicional. Estruturalmente, identificamos esse fenômeno pela presença de diferentes níveis narrativos e, consequentemente, de cadeias de sentidos. Sendo assim, procura-se refletir sobre a pluralidade, como Agustina Bessa-Luís vale-se deste aspecto para estabelecer a modalização de vozes, de verdades e de conhecimentos e, assim, dar forma a sua enciclopédia ficcional construída em mais de sessenta obras. Esta pesquisa de doutorado toma como corpus três romances, a saber: A Corte do Norte (1987), Um cão que sonha (1997) e A Ronda da Noite (2006), com algumas incursões pelo texto ficcional paradigmático da autora em foco: A Sibila (1954).<br>This research is based on the hypothesis of understanding the work of the Portuguese writer Agustina Bessa-Luís as an open encyclopedia. It is therefore necessary to discuss the way in which the encyclopedia is structured and which main topics it privileges. It is emphasized here that the term “open”, in the title of this work, specifies the aesthetics of incompleteness or the poetics of the unfinished. Justifying the second part of the title, our reflection also aims to identify traces of the composition of the Portuguese writer from the conception of a writing in parentheses, representative of multiplication as qualifier of its compositional method. Structurally, we identify this phenomenon by the presence of different narrative levels and, consequently, of chains of meanings. Thus, we try to reflect on the plurality, as Agustina Bessa- Luís uses this aspect to establish the modalization of voices, truths and knowledge and, thus, give shape to her fictional encyclopedia constructed in more than sixty works. This doctoral research takes as corpus three novels, namely: A Corte do Norte (1987), Um cão que sonha (1997) and A Ronda da Noite (2006), with some incursions by the paradigmatic fictional text of the author in focus: A Sibila (1954)
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Morelen, Diana M. "Children's Depression Inventory-2." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/445.
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Book Summary: This Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of individual differences within the domain of personality, with major sub-topics including assessment and research design, taxonomy, biological factors, evolutionary evidence, motivation, cognition and emotion, as well as gender differences, cultural considerations, and personality disorders. It is an up-to-date reference for this increasingly important area and a key resource for those who study intelligence, personality, motivation, aptitude and their variations within members of a group.
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WATANABE, Chikafumi. "BOOK REVIEW: Karl H. Potter (ed.), Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies Volume IX: Buddhist Philosophy from 350 to 600 A.D., Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (first Indian edition), 2003, 762 Pp., Rs. 1295. (Hardback)." 名古屋大学大学院文学研究科インド文化学研究室 (Department of Indian Studies, Graduate School of Letters, Nagoya University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19294.
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Scotta, Larissa. "DA ENCICLOPÉDIA ENQUANTO UM CÍRCULO QUE SE FECHA À WIKIPÉDIA ENQUANTO UMA REDE QUE ABRE: UM GESTO INTERPRETATIVO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9789.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In this research we promote a reflection about the passage that we believe to exist from an (illusory) totality of knowledges discursively constructed in encyclopedias
regarding versions spatially limited of this technological instrument to an impossibility of construction of this totality on Wikipedia virtual site, considered for many subjects as the complete encyclopedia . From an intermediate theoretical position between French Discourse Analysis and History of Ideas, we believe that, even though a discourse about the Wikipedia circulates signifying it as the encyclopedia where the numerical totality of knowledges could be stored , due to Wikipedia to be open to collaborative edition and to introduce itself as a indefinitely open net, make impossible any attempt of apprehension of all . In order to problematize around these questions, initially, we give a brief overview concerning of total knowledge utopia found in fullness on the Library of Alexandria, for the reason what we understand that such utopia is constitutive of the imaginary about encyclopedia. After this overview, we looked for understanding what is being considered as an encyclopedia in the course of time. Following, we focus the Wikipedia and the discourse that circulates about it. Bearing in mind what we discussed with reference to what an encyclopedia is and about the Wikipedia configuration, we propose to deem the encyclopedia as a closed circle and the Wikipedia as an open net.<br>O problema de pesquisa sobre o qual nos propomos a refletir nesta dissertação tem como foco a passagem que entendemos existir de uma totalidade (ilusória) dos
saberes construída discursivamente nas enciclopédias, que se daria nas versões limitadas espacialmente de tal instrumento tecnológico, para uma impossibilidade de se construir uma totalidade como esta em um sítio virtual como o da Wikipédia,
considerada por muitos sujeitos a enciclopédia completa . Colocando-nos em uma posição teórica de entremeio da Análise de Discurso de orientação francesa com a
História das Idéias, a nossa interpretação é a de que, embora esteja circulando um discurso sobre a Wikipédia o qual a significaria como a enciclopédia em que a totalidade numérica dos saberes poderia ser abarcada, o próprio fato de a Wikipédia ser aberta à edição colaborativa e, portanto, apresentar-se como uma rede que se abre indefinidamente, impossibilitaria qualquer tentativa de apreensão do todo .
Para problematizarmos em torno desta questão, inicialmente fazemos uma breve incursão à utopia do saber total que se apresenta em sua plenitude na Biblioteca de Alexandria, pois entendemos que tal utopia faz parte da constituição do imaginário de enciclopédia e, após tal incursão, buscamos compreender o que vem sendo considerado uma enciclopédia ao longo dos tempos. Posteriormente, centramo-nos
na Wikipédia e neste discurso que estaria circulando sobre ela. A partir do que apresentamos relativamente ao que seja uma enciclopédia e à configuração da Wikipédia, propomos conceber a enciclopédia enquanto um círculo que se fecha e
a Wikipédia enquanto uma rede que se abre .
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Zur Systematisierung des Wissens in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts." Göttingen, 2008. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12780.
Full textAbstract:
Die folgenden Überlegungen verdanken sich dem Versuch, die Wissenschaftsgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts durch die Wissensgeschichte zu unterlaufen, und die akademische Disziplinierung der Erkenntnisweisen durch einen Blick auf die tatsächlich produzierten Enzyklopädien zu durchkreuzen. Der Blick auf die Universität fällt entsprechend kritisch aus.
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Goisis, Orsola. "Diderot e l'Encyclopédie : antropologia, educazione, politica." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0078/document.
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Diderot et l'Encyclopédie se propose d'enquêter sur le rapport entre ladimension anthropologique et la dimension politique: en d'autres mots,d'enquêter sur le lien qui se trouve entre une épistémologie matérialiste, et doncune nouvelle conception de l'être physiologiquement et matériellementdéterminé, et la transformation sociopolitique que l’Encyclopédie propose; unetransformation qui se concrétise au moyen de relations qui s'entrecroisent, àcaractère théorétique et cognitif (renvois), ou à caractère matériel (de l'organe àl'organisation, lutte aux corporations, division du travail, solidarité).L’hypothèse qui meut l'étude et qui, peut-être, en représente l'aspect leplus original, est l’identification de la présence d'un projet éducatif très vaste quipermettrait de maintenir ensemble, dans la pensée du philosophe de Langres,plan anthropologique et plan politique, en leur donnant, un “sens abouti” et enles empêchant de plonger dans le désespoir que le non-systématisme du procédédiderotien suscite parfois; un tel projet éducatif viserait, en paraphrasant lesThèses sur Feuerbach, à “éduquer aux éducateurs”, à faire d'eux des hommeséclairés dans une perspective de “perfectibilité matérialisée”<br>My research examines the relationship between Diderot's early philosophical works and the Encyclopédie, specifically investigating the link between its anthropological and political dimensions. In other words, in my research I look at the connection between a materialist epistemology, which features a new conception of the 'human being” as a physically and physiologically determined entity, and the socio-political transformations suggested by the Encyclopédie. These transformations involve a series of intersecting relations of both theoretical-cognitive (renvois) and material nature (e.g. the shift from “organ” to “organization”, the fight to guilds, the division of labor, and the concept of solidarity).The interpretative contribution of this thesis lies in the identification of an educational project, which ties both anthropological and political aspects, and which is concerned with the materialistic education of the Third State. Quoting the Theses on Feuerbach, this educational project seems to show the necessity for educators to be enlightened too.According to this new interpretation, the Encyclopédie can no longer be considered a mere intellectual effort, and can finally become a true "revolutionary practice", a "Pensée en action". In this way, the Encyclopédie symbolizes the culmination of those organic cycles preceding every revolution (Venturi 1939), as well as a reference for those men who need take part in the "Progress" (in the mechanical sense) after the "revolution". As a result, the Encyclopédie develops into a praxis against the system, whose beating heart is represented by its relational and dialectical dimensions, which are able to generate new foundations for social life and new ways to think of politics
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Enzyklopädien des 18. Jahrhunderts digital: Einführung." de Gruyter, 2008. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12763.
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Durch Digitalisierung und Bereitstellung im Internet rücken jetzt die Nachschlagewerke näher an die Leser und Schreiber heran. Orientierung beim Schreiben geben neben den gedruckten Werken längst auch Online-Dienste wie Wikipedia, während die Lektüre zugleich von Fachportalen und einschlägigen Hypertexten gesteuert wird, die immer weniger dazu auffordern, den Schreibtischstuhl zu verlassen. Die Kultur des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens mag gleich bleiben, ihre Medien ändern sich entscheidend, wenn sie digital werden.
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Proust, Jacques. "Diderot et l'"Encyclopédie" /." Paris : A. Michel, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36962057f.
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Goisis, Orsola. "Diderot e l'Encyclopédie: antropologia, educazione, politica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425351.
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My research examines the relationship between Diderot's early philosophical works and the Encyclopédie, specifically investigating the link between its anthropological and political dimensions. In other words, in my research I look at the connection between a materialist epistemology, which features a new conception of the 'human being” as a physically and physiologically determined entity, and the socio-political transformations suggested by the Encyclopédie. These transformations involve a series of intersecting relations of both theoretical-cognitive (renvois) and material nature (e.g. the shift from “organ” to “organization”, the fight to guilds, the division of labor, and the concept of solidarity).
The interpretative contribution of this thesis lies in the identification of an educational project, which ties both anthropological and political aspects, and which is concerned with the materialistic education of the Third State. Quoting the Theses on Feuerbach, this educational project seems to show the necessity for educators to be enlightened too.
According to this new interpretation, the Encyclopédie can no longer be considered a mere intellectual effort, and can finally become a true "revolutionary practice", a "Pensée en action". In this way, the Encyclopédie symbolizes the culmination of those organic cycles preceding every revolution (Venturi 1939), as well as a reference for those men who need take part in the "Progress" (in the mechanical sense) after the "revolution". As a result, the Encyclopédie develops into a praxis against the system, whose beating heart is represented by its relational and dialectical dimensions, which are able to generate new foundations for social life and new ways to think of politics.<br>La mia ricerca verte sul rapporto fra la filosofia del primo Diderot e il progetto enciclopedico e indaga il nesso fra dimensione antropologica e dimensione politica: quale sia, detto altrimenti, il legame che intercorre fra un’epistemologia materialista, e dunque, una nuova concezione dell’essere fisiologicamente e materialmente determinata, e la trasformazione socio-politica che l’Encyclopédie propone, una trasformazione che si concretizza per mezzo di relazioni intersecanti, sia di carattere teoretico e cognitivo (renvois), sia di carattere materiale (dall’organo all’organizzazione, lotta alle corporazioni, divisione del lavoro, solidarietà).
Ritengo, e forse questo rappresenta l’aspetto più “originale” dell’interpretazione proposta in questo lavoro di tesi, che quel che tiene insieme piano antropologico e piano politico e che permette di dare loro un “senso compiuto” senza cadere nello sconforto che la a-sistematicità diderottiana talvolta suscita, sia la presenza di un ampissimo progetto educativo o, parafrasando le Tesi su Feuerbach, di un progetto tutto volto ad “educare gli educatori”, a fare di loro uomini éclairés in una prospettiva di perfectibilité materialisée.
Così intesa l’Encyclopédie si svincola dall’interpretazione che la vuole una gigantesca impresa intellettuale, per divenire vera e propria “prassi rivoluzionaria”, “pensée en action”, il simbolo del punto culminante di un ciclo organico che precede ogni rivoluzione (Venturi 1939), mezzo, forma, base materiale in cui gli uomini si sarebbero riconosciuti, dopo “le rivoluzioni”, per riprendere a lavorare al “progresso” (in senso meccanico).
Una prassi nemica dei sistemi, il cui cuore pulsante è rappresentato dalla dimensione relazionale e dialettica a partire dalla quale è possibile scorgere nuovi fondamenti per il vivere sociale ed una nuova prospettiva per pensare la politica.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Nasologie: Versuch über eine Wissenschaft des 18. Jahrhunderts." Trzeba miec nosa / Rita Boemke ... (Hrsg.). Bad Salzdetfurth 2007, S. 36 - 45 ISBN 3-922805-93-0, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13166.
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Mattebo, Robin. "Citation needed : the perceived credibility of Wikipedia among high education students." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-209053.
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This thesis is called “Citation needed – the perceived credibility of Wikipedia among higheducation students”. The purpose of this thesis is to discover the opinions about the credibilityof Wikipedia among high education students. The assumption is that students are aware ofbeing source criticizing and do not directly cite Wikipedia in academic works. The main research question is: what are the views of the perceived credibility of theinformation on Wikipedia among high education students? The theoretical framework is made out of previous research specific related to Wikipediabut also theories around memory creation, assessment of sources and credibility. The method used is qualitative, with semi-structured interviews. The material consists ofinterviews with nine participants. Their answers are transcribed and presented in themes andthen analyzed. The main results are that the perceived credibility of the information on Wikipedia amongthe students is that it is fairly credible and their views of the encyclopedia are that it is fastupdated and neutral. They also believe that Wikipedia isn’t for academic usage so in allaspects the students do not make a thoroughly assessment of the encyclopedia’s credibility. Further implications are that Wikipedia would be ruined if anyone tried to make itacademic. Wikipedia fulfills an educational tool for the public even though it is not alwayscorrect. It is important to be reminded that Wikipedia contains errors but no other source iscompletely flawless either. In that sense it would be smarter to start a new encyclopedia, ifthere is such a need, perhaps open for professors only and would in the end only containvetted information, however mostly/only in academic fields. The length of the thesis is 56 pages in total and approximately 21 000 words. Keywords: Wikipedia, encyclopedias, source criticism, credibility, Nationalencyclopedin,students, in-depth interviews.
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Hassan, Samer. "Measuring Semantic Relatedness Using Salient Encyclopedic Concepts." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84212/.
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While pragmatics, through its integration of situational awareness and real world relevant knowledge, offers a high level of analysis that is suitable for real interpretation of natural dialogue, semantics, on the other end, represents a lower yet more tractable and affordable linguistic level of analysis using current technologies. Generally, the understanding of semantic meaning in literature has revolved around the famous quote ``You shall know a word by the company it keeps''. In this thesis we investigate the role of context constituents in decoding the semantic meaning of the engulfing context; specifically we probe the role of salient concepts, defined as content-bearing expressions which afford encyclopedic definitions, as a suitable source of semantic clues to an unambiguous interpretation of context. Furthermore, we integrate this world knowledge in building a new and robust unsupervised semantic model and apply it to entail semantic relatedness between textual pairs, whether they are words, sentences or paragraphs. Moreover, we explore the abstraction of semantics across languages and utilize our findings into building a novel multi-lingual semantic relatedness model exploiting information acquired from various languages. We demonstrate the effectiveness and the superiority of our mono-lingual and multi-lingual models through a comprehensive set of evaluations on specialized synthetic datasets for semantic relatedness as well as real world applications such as paraphrase detection and short answer grading. Our work represents a novel approach to integrate world-knowledge into current semantic models and a means to cross the language boundary for a better and more robust semantic relatedness representation, thus opening the door for an improved abstraction of meaning that carries the potential of ultimately imparting understanding of natural language to machines.