Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Encyclopédies et dictionnaires français – Histoire et critique'
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Yan, Xiaolei. "Dire la Chine en français : ses représentations dans des dictionnaires et encyclopédies (1627-1877)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR006.
Full textThe cultural history study of dictionaries has opened a new field for the research of representations. A retrospection of the extended meaning of the french word “chinois” led us to the present work about representations of China in french dictionaries. With the cultural history of dictionaries as the main theoretical framework, we have studied nine dictionaries whose publication dates cover 250 years. Through observations and analyzes on the formation, the change and the transmission of representations of China, we have uncovered complex influences of multiple factors about the dictionaries on representations, and the significant effect over time of dictionaries on the formation of stereotypes concerning China in the french language
Leca-Tsiomis, Marie. "Écrire l'Encyclopédie : Diderot, de l'usage des dictionnaires à la grammaire philosophique." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070071.
Full textTo study the Encyclopedie as a dictionary and examine the work of Diderot as a lexicographer as well as a "dictionnariste" are the main lines of this research. Our aim was to follow the writer in one of the most peculiar and often overooked domains of his contribution to the Encyclopedie, namely the "grammar" entries, i. E. The definition of words of the everyday language (langue usuelle). Situating this undertaking in the theoretical perspective of dictionaries at the time of Diderot, we have observed the evolution, in a situation of religious, commercial as well as cultural and political conflicts, of the universal dictionnaries, from Furetiere's to its two paradoxical huguenot and jesuit and we paid special attention to the Trevoux's dictionary; the Trevoux was a working tool for the encyclopedistes, on its critical use was built a great part of the encyclopaedic project. By comparing articles from the Encyclopedie, the Trevoux and chambers' cyclopadia we have underscored the radical breaks introduced by the encyclopedistes. We have shown how the dictionnaire raisonne developed from its terminological origins to a reflection concerning lexical semantics and the importance of Diderot's contribution to this evolution. We have studied Diderot's articles on "philosophical grammar" (about 400 articles), the writer battling with definitions, acceptations and examples while, as a philosopher, graphing with his analysis of signs, ideas and sensations. Diderot's grammar appears as a locus of essential reflections, in it we can find numerous items of the vast questioning which pervade the hidden works and we can see the convergence of a series of philosophical issues and the continuation of certain fundamental dialogues, notably with Rousseau. Diderot's many-faceted art of definition constitutes in fact important step in his thought and in his work
Shen, Feifei. "Les dictionnaires bilingues francais-chinois (1605-1912) : histoire, caractéristiques et typologie." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR083.
Full textOur thesis deals with the cultural history of the French ↔ Chinese bilingual dictionaries. Our aim is to examine the history of dictionaries through their publishers, lexicographers and printers in order to find characteristics of the selected corpus and to establish a typology of the inventoried dictionaries. This study provides ideas for future work on French and Chinese bilingual lexicography. Our work is divided into two parts : historical study and metalexicographical study. In the historical analysis, a reminder of the chinese history is given at the outset to expose a panorama of the study’s context. The following chapters deal with questions concerning the emergence of bilingual dictionaries in China and their development, publishers and printers, and lexicographers. In the metalexicographic part, emphasis is placed on paratexts, macrostructures, nomenclatures and microstructures. Our research has contributed to the study of French and Chinese bilingual lexicographic
Testot, Xavier. "La musique dans les dictionnaires et les encyclopédies en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040285.
Full textStudy of the position of music in lexicographical works and encyclopedias dated from the 18th century. Lexicological analysis of works and definitions from these books. Various approaches have been adopted to put forward the following facts and features: the semantic fields; the diachronic and synchronic dimension (original editions and the subsequent ones); the sources and quotations of collective or individual writings, anonymous or not. Four categories of written works have been chosen and are represented by following titles: 1- language dictionaries: the five first editions of the French academy dictionaries (1694, 1718, 1740, 1762 and 1798). 2 - the dictionnaire universel by Antoine Furetière and the six editions by the Jesuits from Trévoux (1704, 1721, 1732, 1743, 1752 and 1771). 3- encyclopaedias: the French encyclopedie by Diderot and d'Alembert; its supplement and the two volumes on music : l'encyclopédie méthodique - musique. 4- specialized dictionaries : the dictionary of music by S. De Brossard, J. J-. Rousseau and J. J. O. De Meude-Monpas. Various lexicons of music and other dictionaries (of language, sciences, etc. . )
Merlet, Pauline. "Analyse linguistique du discours lexicographique : le cas des articles homme et femme dans le Grand Robert de la langue française et le Trésor de la langue française." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3029.
Full textA the junction of the semantic theory and the discourse analysis, the purpose of this work is to construct a processes for a linguistic analysis of lexicographical discourse, from a corpus consists of the entries man and woman in the GR and the TLF, in a confrontative perspective. The first part consist in showing the specificity of the corpus we study, by describing the lexicographical métadiscursive mechanisms, from the viewpoint of the lexicographical theory presented in the preface of each dictionary. The second part consist in linking together the characteristics of lexicographical description we have studied and the postulates of the semantics of possible argumentatives, to construct the argumentative signification of the words woman and man
Laignelet, Marion. "Associer analyse syntaxique et analyse discursive pour le repérage automatique d’informations potentiellement obsolescentes dans des documents encyclopédiques." Toulouse 2, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461579.
Full textThe question of document updating arises in many areas. It is central to the field of encyclopaedia publishing : encyclopaedias must be constantly checked in order not to put forward wrong or time-altered information. We describe the implementation of a prototype of an aid to updating. Its aims is to automatically locate zones of text in which information might be obsolescent. The method we propose takes into account various linguistic and discursive cues calling on different levels of analysis. As obsolescence is a non-linguistic phenomenon, our hypothesis is that linguistic and discursive cues must be considered in terms of combinations. Our corpus is first manually annotated by experts for zones of obsolescence. We then apply automatic tagging of a large number of linguistic, discursive and structural cues onto the annotated corpus. A machine learning system is then implemented to bring out relevant cue configurations in the obsolescent segments characterized by the experts. Both our objectives have been achieved : we propose a detailed description of obsolescence in our corpus of encyclopaedic texts as well as a prototype aid to updating. A double evaluation was carried out : by cross validation on the corpus used for machine learning and by experts on a test corpus. Results are encouraging. They lead us to an evolution of the definition of obsolescent segments, first, on the basis of the "discoveries" emerging from our corpora and also through interaction with the needs of the experts with respect to an aid to updating. The results also show limits in the automatic tagging of the linguistic and discursive cues
Louis, Sylvain. "Edition critique du livre sept de la traduction par Jean Corbechon du De proprietatibus rerum de Barthélémy l'Anglais." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUEL394.
Full textVentura, Simone. "Il volgarizzamento occitanico del De proprietatibus rerum di Bartolomeo Anglico (Paris, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, ms. 1029) : edizione interpretativa del prologo in versi Palaytz de Savieza e del libro XV, De las proensas." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030150.
Full textThe occitan encyclopedia Elucidari de las proprietatz de totas res naturals is a vernacular rendering of the De proprietatibus rerum, a latin work compiled in the middle of the XIIIth century by the Franciscan friar Barthelemy the Englishman. Composed in the years 1355 to 1360, the occitan version was requested by Gaston III Febus (1331-1391), count of Foix and Bearn. The work in question is known in only one manuscript, ms. 1029 of the Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve in Paris. This dissertation consists in the critical edition and commentary of the verse prologue, entitled Le Palaytz de Savieza, book III (De anima), XV (De provinciis et lapidibus) and XVI (De lapidibus). The edition itself follows an introduction where the historical and cultural context of that translation is clearly set out and where we proceed to a detailed linguistic study, in which we conclude that the text is written in a south Languedocian dialect (Toulouse, Pays de Foix) marked by Gascon influences. This dissertation finally includes a bibliography, a glossary, and in appendix a table with the rubrics of the books edited, the latin text of the book on the soul as well as a glossar
Loguercio, Sandra Dias. "Dictionnaires bilingues et pédagogie de la lecture : vers un dictionnaire français-portugais d'appui à la compréhension écrite et à l'apprentissage du vocabulaire en français langue étrangère." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030053/document.
Full textThis study is based on the teaching model of reading French as a foreign language by university students who are beginners in this language in Brazil. After presenting the essential topics of this didactic approach and the issues related to the teaching-learning process when reading in a foreign language, in which the lexical acquisition plays a major role, we present the basics of lexicology and lexical semantics, and finally we portray the works developed in pedagogical lexicography, in which we place this study. Regardless of its dissemination among Latin America students and of its continuous reformulation to account for new learning situations, this teaching method contains some gaps. The gaps refer to a critical issue for a large number of readers: the lack of lexical knowledge. This issue relates not only to a lack of vocabulary knowledge, but also to the ability of word learning. In this study, this question has been further studied based on two experimental researches. The first one, using a more prospective approach, aims at identifying the role of the dictionary–especially bilingual dictionaries–in the reading process and the effects of dictionary use in the construction of meaning. The second one compares the use of two lexicographic instruments: a bilingual dictionary and a pedagogical dictionary for learners of French as a foreign language. Both researches yield important information about the integration of a lexical study with this teaching model; additionally, they are complemented by the analysis of the dictionaries available to this target audience. In this way, we can set methodological principles to build a pedagogical dictionary that helps students in reading activities and that supports vocabulary acquisition on the basis of functional lexicography
Baker, Craig Alexander. "Etude et édition critique de la version longue du "Bestiaire" attribué à Pierre de Beauvais." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040084.
Full textThe prologue of the Long Version of the Bestiary attributes this work to Pierre de Beauvais. Through the study of texts that can be surely attributed to Pierre, one may determine the period of his activity with relative precision (1180-1218) and identify certain characteristic work habits. Chronological indications and the relationship between the two versions of the Bestiary indicate that the Short Version dates from before 1206 and is surely by Pierre. A careful examination of the sources of the Long Version (Le Lucidaire, The Letter of Priester John, and Gossouin de Metz's Image du monde) and the manner in which they are treated, on the other hand, leads to conclude that the second redaction dates from 1246-1260 and is not by Pierre. This conclusion is confirmed by the comparative study of the two works, which reveals important differences. While focusing on the two versions of the Bestiary, I have also sought to situate the bestiary with regards to the other branches of medieval learning, especially the encyclopedia and biblical exegesis. Although close to these two genres, the bestiary possesses its own specificity and cannot be assimilated to either. My edition constitutes the first critical edition of this version of the text. It is based on the five known and accessible manuscript witnesses, as well as on an in-depth study of the manuscript tradition, from the Physiologus and the Short Version to the Bestiary of Love by Richard de Fournival. The edition is followed by copious textual notes, indices of animals and proper names, and a glossary. A transcription of the Malines manuscript, the best witness of the Short Version, is provided in an appendix. My new edition and study of the text are intended to allow for a better understanding of this important work and of its place in the intellectual and artistic evolutions that marked the 13th century
Koutchevsky, Alexandre. "A l'échelle des mots : l’écriture théâtrale brève en France (1980-2007)." Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370565/fr/.
Full textFor a long time, forms of short drama have been written and performed in a utilitarian, amusing or experimental context. Without these functions disappearing, the place of short texts seems to have evolved, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, in the context of French life in the years 1980-2007. Buoyed by the « authors comeback » movement, new brief dramatic art forms are invented on the page as on the stage. This thesis intends to investigate the most salient aspects from the stylistic angle of brevity
Bisconti, Valentina. "Le sens en partage. Les outils linguistiques et approches théoriques de la signification [fin XIXe- XXe siècles]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030163.
Full textThe constant strain between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to signification proves to be one of the major dynamics of the history and the historicity of linguistic ideas. Hence what matters is to bring out the permeability, the effects of continuity and the possible breaking points between dictionaries as linguistic tools and the theoretical approaches that look into meaning. The period considered here provides an understanding of the various forms of this interaction in the medium term. First, this study shows how French monolingual lexicography in the second half of the 19th century contributes to making meaning an object of study. As a matter of fact dictionaries prove to play a heuristic role which reveals the theoretical problems raised by semantic description. From the empirical evidence collected in the context of that description of language, late 19th-century linguists seek to come to a synthesis of observations. A new reading of the debate surrounding the institutionalization of semantics in the 19th century then shows that a lexicographer’s dilemmas are likely to end up in theoretical deadlocks. Nevertheless, the faults found in linguistic tools trigger off further reflection and suggest new hypotheses. Finally, this study aims to trace back the dissipation of the interaction between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to meaning, during the 20th century, thanks to different research perspectives which take on linguistic tools as the model for language, for semantic competence, or as an experimental field
Guérard, Françoise. "Le dictionnaire monolingue dans l'apprentissage du français à l'école élémentaire. Histoire et rôle pédagogique, de la monarchie de Juillet à nos jours." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865517.
Full textTorlo, Antonio. "Diderot et la guerre." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20082.
Full textThe problem of war in didert's thought is seen from three point view: philosophical, technical and political. Not only the personal works by diderot such as the articles he writed for the encyclopedie have been taken into account but also the "dictionnaire raisonne", in the whole. The first part deals rentle the experience of the war in the 18 century for diderot and his contemporanies, the thesis points ont the religions and philosophical thought of the war, before didert's life and during his life; it the thems analysis and discusses which we can find int the "encyclopedie", it points ont the interest given by diderot during his maturity to the condition of the soldier. His denunciation against the war supports the teste of the critic. Of art in the hattle pointing: the emotional shock should stimulate the citizen-spectator to reflect on them. Even if diderot is not personally interested in the military technics, the art of the war has an importanrole in the encyclopedie: howerer in the second part this idea of military technics is rather conservative, in opposition the innovating proposals of a friend of the encyclopediste, the earl of guibert
Besnaci, Mohammed. "La contextualisation dans la lexicographie bilingue : le cas du dictionnaire français-arabe." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20015.
Full textStarting from the idea that the translator mostly works on words in sentences, and not on lexical units out of any discursive usage, and also from the fact that the bilingual dictionary is a tool of translation, we can wonder about the situation of contextualization in the French-Arabic dictionary. The present work, based on different approaches of analysis, does not only focus on the organizational, quantitative and qualitative levels of the lexicographic context in microstructure, but also deals with the linguistic functioning, the relation with the extralinguistic parameter, and its dynamics from the contrastive point of view