Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Encyclopédies et dictionnaires français'
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Yan, Xiaolei. "Dire la Chine en français : ses représentations dans des dictionnaires et encyclopédies (1627-1877)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR006.
Full textThe cultural history study of dictionaries has opened a new field for the research of representations. A retrospection of the extended meaning of the french word “chinois” led us to the present work about representations of China in french dictionaries. With the cultural history of dictionaries as the main theoretical framework, we have studied nine dictionaries whose publication dates cover 250 years. Through observations and analyzes on the formation, the change and the transmission of representations of China, we have uncovered complex influences of multiple factors about the dictionaries on representations, and the significant effect over time of dictionaries on the formation of stereotypes concerning China in the french language
Tallarico, Giovanni Luca. "La dimension interculturelle dans les dictionnaires bilingues italien-français." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070004.
Full textOur thesis aims at exploring the intercultural dimension of Italian-French bilingual dictionaries. The first part represents a theoretical approach to the issue. A definition of the concepts of culture and cross-cultural precedes a study of the relationships between languages and cultures. After that, we have dealt with the following themes : the epistemological status of bilingual lexicography and its relationships with linguistics; the semantic hindrances to equivalence; the peculiarity of translation in bilingual lexicography; the contributions of semantics to lexicography. Special attention is also given to the concepts of semantic, referential and cultural gaps and to the lexical gaps in general. In the last two chapters, the focus shifts to connotation and to some approaches that stress the importance of cultural values in language (keywords, mots à charge culturelle partagée, cultural scripts, the depth dimension of language). The second part of our thesis is a corpus-based study on letter A of four Italian-French contemporary dictionaries (Boch, Garzanti, Hachette-Paravia, Larousse). We have tried, in particular, to emphasize the role and the typology of the gaps occurring in the equivalence, especially of cultural gaps. Then, we focus on culture-bound examples, which show the importance of stereotypes and shared points of view in conveying the meaning of the utterances. Finally, we deal with cultural notes and some false borrowings in Italian, in order to illustrate other aspects of equivalence
De, Nadai Patrick. "De l'image dictionnairique au modèle lexicographique : la systémique lexicale." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080771.
Full textMonolingual language dictionaries contain a lot of informations describing the language they are dealing with. Since this description is based on a given corpus, dictionaries provide a certain 'image' of this language. In order to improve the quality of dictionaries, it would be necessary for lexicographers to have a 'model' providing a description of the language as objective as possible. If language is conceived of as consisting in a 'system' of relations (both lexical and syntactical), the model should present all relations established in the language. The purpose of our work is to propose a method so as to build up such a model, from the informations contained in an extensive dictionary. After having established what a 'language dictionary' and a 'word definition' are, we analyse the definitions of our corpus, in order to extract lexical relations. Then, with these extracted relations, we try to outline a linguistic analysis of the 'prefix' anti-
Leca-Tsiomis, Marie. "Écrire l'Encyclopédie : Diderot, de l'usage des dictionnaires à la grammaire philosophique." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070071.
Full textTo study the Encyclopedie as a dictionary and examine the work of Diderot as a lexicographer as well as a "dictionnariste" are the main lines of this research. Our aim was to follow the writer in one of the most peculiar and often overooked domains of his contribution to the Encyclopedie, namely the "grammar" entries, i. E. The definition of words of the everyday language (langue usuelle). Situating this undertaking in the theoretical perspective of dictionaries at the time of Diderot, we have observed the evolution, in a situation of religious, commercial as well as cultural and political conflicts, of the universal dictionnaries, from Furetiere's to its two paradoxical huguenot and jesuit and we paid special attention to the Trevoux's dictionary; the Trevoux was a working tool for the encyclopedistes, on its critical use was built a great part of the encyclopaedic project. By comparing articles from the Encyclopedie, the Trevoux and chambers' cyclopadia we have underscored the radical breaks introduced by the encyclopedistes. We have shown how the dictionnaire raisonne developed from its terminological origins to a reflection concerning lexical semantics and the importance of Diderot's contribution to this evolution. We have studied Diderot's articles on "philosophical grammar" (about 400 articles), the writer battling with definitions, acceptations and examples while, as a philosopher, graphing with his analysis of signs, ideas and sensations. Diderot's grammar appears as a locus of essential reflections, in it we can find numerous items of the vast questioning which pervade the hidden works and we can see the convergence of a series of philosophical issues and the continuation of certain fundamental dialogues, notably with Rousseau. Diderot's many-faceted art of definition constitutes in fact important step in his thought and in his work
Valency-Lagarde, Patricia. "Vulgarisation médicale et apologétique dans les grandes encyclopédies françaises du XIXe siècle." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120001.
Full textThe detailed study of the medical entries of the main french encyclopedias of the nineteenth century shows that, contrary to all expectations, they include allusions to religion. Some of them take advantage of the medical popularization message to recall the main commandments, beliefs, sacraments and interdicts of christian religion. Others of them, on the contrary, try to convince the reader of the obscurantisme of religion and defend scientism. These allusions to religion are not many ; but they are perfect reflections of relations between medecine and religion in the nineteenth century. They are also perfect reflections of the position on religion that is adopted by these encyclopedias : some encyclopedias are apologetic, some are apologetic but "heretical" and some are critical about religion
Martine, Jean-Luc. "Introduction à l'étude des métaphores de la machine dans la pensée de l'âge classique : l'idée de machine dans le discours des dictionnaires, 1514-1798." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN1391.
Full textMartinez, Camille. "L'évolution de l'orthographe dans les Petit larousse et les Petit Robert 1997-2008 : une approche généalogique du texte lexicographique." Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/09CERG0415.pdf.
Full textIn each new edition of the two French dictionaries examined in this study, Petit Larousse and Petit Robert, lexicographers consistently introduced new spelling reforms. Implemented according to a predefined metalexicographic approach, a summary of the modifications arisen between 1997 and 2008 reveals clear tendencies in the evolution of French spelling. The descriptive analysis of the 2,146 changes observed leads to questions regarding the place of dictionaries in our society and the role of the lexicographers in the linguistic change
Shen, Feifei. "Les dictionnaires bilingues francais-chinois (1605-1912) : histoire, caractéristiques et typologie." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR083.
Full textOur thesis deals with the cultural history of the French ↔ Chinese bilingual dictionaries. Our aim is to examine the history of dictionaries through their publishers, lexicographers and printers in order to find characteristics of the selected corpus and to establish a typology of the inventoried dictionaries. This study provides ideas for future work on French and Chinese bilingual lexicography. Our work is divided into two parts : historical study and metalexicographical study. In the historical analysis, a reminder of the chinese history is given at the outset to expose a panorama of the study’s context. The following chapters deal with questions concerning the emergence of bilingual dictionaries in China and their development, publishers and printers, and lexicographers. In the metalexicographic part, emphasis is placed on paratexts, macrostructures, nomenclatures and microstructures. Our research has contributed to the study of French and Chinese bilingual lexicographic
Torlo, Antonio. "Diderot et la guerre." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20082.
Full textThe problem of war in didert's thought is seen from three point view: philosophical, technical and political. Not only the personal works by diderot such as the articles he writed for the encyclopedie have been taken into account but also the "dictionnaire raisonne", in the whole. The first part deals rentle the experience of the war in the 18 century for diderot and his contemporanies, the thesis points ont the religions and philosophical thought of the war, before didert's life and during his life; it the thems analysis and discusses which we can find int the "encyclopedie", it points ont the interest given by diderot during his maturity to the condition of the soldier. His denunciation against the war supports the teste of the critic. Of art in the hattle pointing: the emotional shock should stimulate the citizen-spectator to reflect on them. Even if diderot is not personally interested in the military technics, the art of the war has an importanrole in the encyclopedie: howerer in the second part this idea of military technics is rather conservative, in opposition the innovating proposals of a friend of the encyclopediste, the earl of guibert
Testot, Xavier. "La musique dans les dictionnaires et les encyclopédies en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040285.
Full textStudy of the position of music in lexicographical works and encyclopedias dated from the 18th century. Lexicological analysis of works and definitions from these books. Various approaches have been adopted to put forward the following facts and features: the semantic fields; the diachronic and synchronic dimension (original editions and the subsequent ones); the sources and quotations of collective or individual writings, anonymous or not. Four categories of written works have been chosen and are represented by following titles: 1- language dictionaries: the five first editions of the French academy dictionaries (1694, 1718, 1740, 1762 and 1798). 2 - the dictionnaire universel by Antoine Furetière and the six editions by the Jesuits from Trévoux (1704, 1721, 1732, 1743, 1752 and 1771). 3- encyclopaedias: the French encyclopedie by Diderot and d'Alembert; its supplement and the two volumes on music : l'encyclopédie méthodique - musique. 4- specialized dictionaries : the dictionary of music by S. De Brossard, J. J-. Rousseau and J. J. O. De Meude-Monpas. Various lexicons of music and other dictionaries (of language, sciences, etc. . )
Anwandter, Christian. "Littérature et communauté : une cartographie des sens et des savoirs à partir de définitions lexicographiques et terminologiques dans des dictionnaires de langue et des dictionnaires encyclopédiques de spécialité." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070006.
Full textThis thesis studies reference works such as language dictionaries and specialized encyclopedic dictionaries, in order to assess how they define the words « literature » and « community », as well as what type of knowledge do different disciplines reach for, so as to legitimize them as things. The purpose is to understand these two terms considering different ways of defining them lexicographically and terminologically, and also to understand literature and community as products that result from the activity of diverse scientific communities, communities that model dissensions and convergences institutionally and legitimately possible for each term and for their relations
El, Baïdi Chakib. "Etude de l'information macro et micro structurelle de quelques dictionnaires bilingues arabe-français/français-arabe." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081797.
Full textWang, Xinxia. "Dictionnaires bilingues français-chinois : outils linguistiques et didactiques." Paris, INALCO, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INAL0004.
Full textThe bilingual dictionary is a requisite tool for language and culture learning. From the perspective of lexicology, bilingual lexicography, contrastive linguistics and didactics of FLE, the present research is mainly focused on the role that French-Chinese dictionaries play in language learning. To get a better understanding of problems relating to vocabulary teaching and learning as well as to the traditional bilingual dictionaries used by Chinese students, the author has made enquiries from a number of Chinese students and teachers. Statistics show that one of the biggest obstacles in a vocabulary learning for the Chinese students is their difficulty in mobilizing the words they have learned at their disposal to express themselves in a correct and appropriate way. The obstacle, from the perspective of dictionary, lies in the disadvantages of the traditional bilingual dictionaries. In order to overcome the disadvantages of traditional bilingual dictionaries and let French-Chinese dictionaries play a better role in language learning, especially at the level of encoding, the author, inspired by some elements of the Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology (ECL) and the application of the theory, proposes a new bilingual dictionary that puts the emphasis on the paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations between lexical items. The new bilingual dictionary, as well as a new systematic pedagogiy in lexicon, is aimed at helping Chinese students to develop a better lexical competence and a better capacity to use the lexicologygraphical tools
Lecolinet, Thierry. "Termes de la mythologie : évolution de sens et de forme en diachronie." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1026.
Full textThis thesis deals with the method of research for terms in the language. What can be done to look for terms other than through their written form ? Based on a corpus of terms taken from a mythological etymon, this study proposes to present a research system by criteria, as well as bringing those latter to light, terms in the language without going through their written form (the nature of theses terms, where they come from, how they are formed) of these latter as well as their meaning, the field of their usage etc… In order to illustrate this work, a model of a system of electronic research is proposed, this software works on the basis of criteria selected during the research
Castellano, Philippe. "L'Enciclopedia Espasa, 1907-1933 : histoire d'une entreprise d'édition espagnole." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN20010.
Full textThis encyclopaedia of 82 volumes published from 1907 to 1933 together with annual supplements from 1934 to the present day has become a "cultural reservoir" if Spanish society. The history of the various publishers responsible for its publication ("Jose Espasa, editor", "Jose Espasa e hijos", "hijos de J. Espasa" and "Espasa-calpe S. A. ") has been reconstituted in order to place the work in the upsurge of development of the publishing firms in Barcelona at the beginning of the century. Agreements reached with German publishers Brockhaus and Meyer were to lead to the adoption of the Konversations Lexikon format, the adaptation of the text and the reproduction of illustrations. The publisher J. Espasa was to recruit his editors among the best representatives of Barcelona’s cultural institutions and Miguel Utrillo was to ensure the artistic editorship. The analysis of the socio-professional categories of the 646 collaborators shows some main tendencies, in particular the importance of the ecclesiastics. The study of the contents - types of discourse and iconography - of the first 15 volumes reveals a borrowing procedure, be it national (dictionary of the "Real Academia Espanola") or international (for the text and the iconography). In the work is seen the desire to modernize the country. - through Catalan mediation - at the same time as maintaining the established values thanks to the church. The distribution of the work (sold by fascicles or by bound volumes) and the advertising aim primarily at the urban public ; sales will allow "Espasa-calpe S. A" to become the first one publishing house in Spain
Cherifi, Nadir. "Les dictionnaires bilingues français-arabe, arabe-français : de leur traitement lexicographique et dictionnairique." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://www.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0374.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this research is to make a concrete and practical contribution to the still rough knowledge of the bilingual lexicography including both languages : French and Arabic. Indeed, until now, we do not attach enough attention on the French-Arabic, and Arabic-French, bilingual dictionaries, as well as for the methodical aspects they illustrate as for the practical dictionary-making choices. We consult theses dictionaries without testing their limits and shortcomings. Having said that, what are the lexicographic and dictionaric methods recommended in these dictionaries ? What are the essentials characteristics that these dictionaries must have to be able to answer the requirements of the readers ? This study will therefore attempt to describe the lexiographic and dictionaric practices of some bilingual lexicographers, to try to solve some problems bound to the methodology. To learn more about these dictionaries, the bounded corpus of this analysis focuses on three periods : the nineteenth, twentieth and early twenty-first century. The examination of their characteristics and the exploitation of their content reveals that from the dictionaric (dictionnairique) point of view, the lexicographers are not interested enough neither in paratextual elements nor in macrostructural and microstructural semiotics. For example, in the lexicographic prospect, lexicographers do not deal in the same way with the neological processes. Besides, as for phraseology, in this particular case the free phrases, the collocations and the frozen sequences conveying the semantic information, the bilingual lexicographers still too much neglect their organizational aspects in the body of the acticles. As for the definitions, they are very rare. In consequence, the lexicographers do not encode and decode enough the information. Besides, a lot of these dictionaries neglect the importance of the lexicographical speech, so they are less sensitive to the importance of the cultural information. Concerning the iconographic landscape, most of the consulted dictionaries often neglect the importance of the illustration. However, this last one is normally considered as “ […] auxiliary of the idea ”, because the readers always feel “ the need for accurate documents ”. To make better use of the French-Arabic, Arabic-French bilingual dictionaries, it is therefore important and necessary to consider lexicography and practical dictionary-making as two complementary activities
Rey, Christophe. "Analyse et informatisation des articles traitant de l'étude des sons dans le dictionnaire "Grammaire & Littérature" de Nicolas Beauzée et Jean-François Marmontel, issu de l'"Encyclopédie méthodique"." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10084.
Full textJuanals, Brigitte. "Mutations de l'accès à l'information, du livre aux dispositifs hypermédias en réseau sur l'internet : une approche comparative appliquée à l'évolution des encyclopédies : du livre au disque compact, jusqu'aux outils de recherche et aux flux de données en réseau." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030063.
Full textGalopin, Laurence. "Répertoire et analyse des dictionnaires techniques bilingues et multilingues (comprenant le Français et le Grec moderne)." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30040.
Full textKalonji, M. T. Zezeze. "Sémiotique de la lexicographie bilingue en Afrique francophone : le cas Français-Ciluba : (problématique, analyse des dictionnaires et préalables pour un modèle minimal fonctionnalisé)." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131022.
Full textThe aim of this study is: - to set up a general "problematique" of the bilingual lexicography in franco- phone africa, through the french-ciluba case study. The dictionary is so re- placed in its origins, its various ideological understatements, its sociolo- gical preables: which means to explore the fundamentals of the lexicographic discourse in an african franco-lubaphone context. - to analyse the whole range of the existing bilingual dictionaries and lexi- cons , their elaboration as well as their macro- and microstructural shapa, in order to define their linguistic and cultural functionality in comparison with the monolingual dictionaries, and above all to get acquainted with the various lexicographic techniques. - to display a morpho-lexical analysis of the "word" in ciluba language, a graphic unit for the lexicographic text, but the phonological, morphological and morpho-semantical aspects of which have to be isolated for an efficient lexical and semantical analysis of the luba lexicon or the interlinguistic translation. - to conclude in, with the theorical preables for a functionalized model of the bilingual dictionary. As these preables are based on the "problemati- que" and the study the bilingual dictionaries, they provide for the theori- cal elements for the building of dictionaries in the francophone african context. Following the preables is, as an illustration, a lexicographic pro- cessing of a sample of the "nomenclature"
Khmelevskaya, Inna. "Étude comparative des termes des jeux sportifs en français et en russe et composition du dictionnaire franco-russe." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002412460204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis research aims at creating a French-Russian dictionary of sport games' terms but also at examining of sports' terminology in linguistic and epistemological aspects. We approach this terminology which is not explored as profoundly as it deserves, as a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon, from sociolinguistic and cultural point of view, but most of all, in the context of intercultural communication. We start our research by establishing specific features of the sport games' term; we study the functioning of the term in the discourse and define the sources of the enrichment of the terminology; then we realise a comparative analysis of French and Russian terms in order to establish the equivalence necessary for the construction of the dictionary, and raise the principal questions concerning it's microstructure. Our research results in creation of the program of the French-Russian dictionary of sport games' terms
Mabrak, Sami. "La macrostructure et la microstructure des dictionnaires historiques : etude analytique et comparative de la macrostructure et de la microstructure des dictionnaires historiques français, anglais et arabe." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2089.
Full textOur thesis is part of the field of lexicography and more precisely of contemporary lexicography. Our study analyses historical dictionaries as a research object. As for the subject of the thesis, it concerns the constitution of the macrostructure and the development of the microstructure for historical dictionaries, which are: the French Historical Dictionary (RH), the English Historical Dictionary (OED) and the Arabic Historical Dictionary (DHLA). The first two are alread published while the third is in progress.Our study has two main goals. First of all it analyses the divergent and convergent elements between macrostructure and microstructure of both RH and OED historical dictionaries. Then it examines these elements and determines those which are applicable in the constitution of macrostructure and the development of DHLA microstructure. To do this, we have chosen the analysis of a corpus mainly from RH and OED dictionaries. We have also appealed to a secondary corpus constituted from general language dictionaries.Our study has affirmed that the three historical dictionaries adopt three different approaches to constitute their macrostructure: etymological for the RH and lexical for the OED, while the DHLA has opted for a complex approach. However these three approaches are implemented by applying three criteria namely, diachronic criterion, orthographical criterion, and etymological criterion. Our study also confirmed that putting main entrances in order directly impacts on the secondary entrances order.As for the microstructure, the three dictionaries elaborate the definition of their entrances by adopting a relatively similar model, built upon three types of information: morphological information, semantic information and contextual information
Hwang, Bin-Ru. "La rétroconversion des dictionnaires anciens et leur consultation sur version électronique : problèmes et méthodes. Le cas du "Dictionaire (sic) critique de la langue française de l'abbé J.-F. Féraud (1787)." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO2003.
Full textTondji-Simen, René. "Problématique des marques d'usage dans des dictionnaires monolingues et bilingues du français et de l'anglais." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq21521.pdf.
Full textSarfati, Georges-Elia. "Pragmatique du langage et lexicographie (le statut et le traitement de l'aspect pragmatique du langage dans les dictionnaires de langue francaise)." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0334.
Full textThe thesis constitutes a systematic analysis of the status of the pragmatic aspect of language and the ways dealt with in the primary french language dictionaries. It is outlined according three major plies of research. The first section seeks an internal epistemological approach wich allows to show that the representationalist philosophy of language determins the principal orientations of lexicographical works. The second section advanced a theoretical rewiew of the question and establishes the guidelines towards lexical pragmatics. The third section sets out a methodological survey of lexicographical data. A serie of research allows for the definition of the major theoretical and practical steps to be taken towards a dictionary of speech acts
Laignelet, Marion. "Associer analyse syntaxique et analyse discursive pour le repérage automatique d’informations potentiellement obsolescentes dans des documents encyclopédiques." Toulouse 2, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461579.
Full textThe question of document updating arises in many areas. It is central to the field of encyclopaedia publishing : encyclopaedias must be constantly checked in order not to put forward wrong or time-altered information. We describe the implementation of a prototype of an aid to updating. Its aims is to automatically locate zones of text in which information might be obsolescent. The method we propose takes into account various linguistic and discursive cues calling on different levels of analysis. As obsolescence is a non-linguistic phenomenon, our hypothesis is that linguistic and discursive cues must be considered in terms of combinations. Our corpus is first manually annotated by experts for zones of obsolescence. We then apply automatic tagging of a large number of linguistic, discursive and structural cues onto the annotated corpus. A machine learning system is then implemented to bring out relevant cue configurations in the obsolescent segments characterized by the experts. Both our objectives have been achieved : we propose a detailed description of obsolescence in our corpus of encyclopaedic texts as well as a prototype aid to updating. A double evaluation was carried out : by cross validation on the corpus used for machine learning and by experts on a test corpus. Results are encouraging. They lead us to an evolution of the definition of obsolescent segments, first, on the basis of the "discoveries" emerging from our corpora and also through interaction with the needs of the experts with respect to an aid to updating. The results also show limits in the automatic tagging of the linguistic and discursive cues
Dumet, Marianne. "Transposition de l'encyclopédie : de l'imprimé au multimédia : application à la cible jeunesse." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081409.
Full textMultimedia encyclopaedias are, almost always, the result of a paper-multimedia transposition. Beyond the technological transfer, the process of transposition poses the question of content adaptation. In effect, the editorial logic of the two media differs fundamentally. This starting problem allows us to reflect on the contribution of multimedia resources and the modifications they demand in the manner in which information is presented and apprehended. From the industrial point of view, these changes are a constraint, but from the editorial point of view, they lead to the emergence of a new encyclopaedic medium which has its own value for the user. We manage to show that it is children's encyclopaedias which best justify the multimedia transposition. If the multimedia encyclopaedia aimed at children remains today very close to the printed encyclopaedia, this is because a profound adaptation of the content is not economically profitable for the publisher. The other reason is epistemological; it is difficult to stray from the conventional form normally given to an encyclopaedic work. Nevertheless, we attempt to provide solutions which combine overall multimedia innovation with an industrial production process. However, the most convincing solution is undoubtedly the editorial transformation of the multimedia children's encyclopaedia into an educational activity and entertainment space; the printed encyclopaedia would retain its status as a pure reference tool. Our reflections are directly applied to a real case of multimedia adaptation. From the initial idea of commercialising discoveries, we describe and analyse the stages of conception and production of this transposed encyclopaedia, highlighting methodological elements which could be useful to any multimedia encyclopaedia transposition
Lee, Kwang Ae. "Théories lingistiques et lexicographie à propos du Dictionnaire du français contemporain." Montpellier 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON30039.
Full textMen, Chandevy. "Le vocabulaire de l'architecture khmère : dictionnaire illustré, lexique français-khmer et khmer-français." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20086.
Full textIn Cambodia, exceptional archaeological heritage site was revealed. Tangible and intangible, preservation proves difficult. From the nineteenth century, scientists have established a work memory on culture, history, archaeology, evolution of architecture and styles. Then the years of war have destroyed much of the social structure in the country. Actually, education faces the challenge of stabilizing a contemporary national identity around a memory, a culture and a common language. In this logic, this thesis tries to contribute to the preservation of this heritage and its transmission to the young generations. It is devoted to the vocabulary of Khmer architecture. It characterizes the specificities of various construction and religion space, through Brahman or Buddhist temples and monasteries, then the civil space, through traditional housing. It discusses the methodological difficulties on the reliability of information related to the ancient terminology. It issues the logical choice, the meaning and the precision of the notions. It addresses the backing of architectural culture to language, strongly rooted in Khmer culture, as well as the close relationship between the history of the building and that the society. Without pretending to exhaustive, many literary and familiarly words abandoned, lost and many words related to architectural design, spatial characterization, and usages on site were found or recovered. An illustrations effort, in the form of drawings and original sketches, help better understanding of the technical and operational contexts. The focus was placed on the precision and clarity of text, in French and Khmer
Girardin, Chantal. "Images de l'usage et attitudes sociales dans les dictionnaires classiques." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080963.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study hour the system of marks of usage is determined in the first monolingual french dictionnaires in the 17th century by examining their inheritences from earlier french-latin dictionarie. It attempts to elicit the real meaning of these marks, which meaning, enables us to relate the dictionaries to the "doctrine du bon usage", to the theory of "l'honnete homme", and, more generalty, to the contemporary state of knowledge. We thus consider four dictionaries : a french-latin dictionary, dictionnaire royal augmente (1671) of pomey ; and the first three monolingual dictionaries : dictionnaire francois (1680) of richelet, dictionnaire universel (1690) of furetiere and dictionnaire de l'academie (1694), writhin the context of french society at that time. We try to show how the marks depend upon the author's choices and goals. Finally, this work relates the formal characteristics of the dictionaries of their time to their vision of the world, to their implicit ideology, and to the public they are address to
Gavriilidou, Zoé. "Etude comparée des suites NN en français et en grec : élaboration d'un lexique bilingue." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131024.
Full textIn this phd thesis we have tried to investigate double noun constructions (dncs) e. G. Question-cle 'key question'. @@@@@-@@@@@@@ 'frame-law' in french and greek. Our aim was to arrive to an automatic treatment of this kind of constructions. We also elaborated a bilingual electronic dictionary (french-greek) of dncs. We first undertook a general linguistic description of dncs from a morphological, syntactic and semantic point of view. The first chapter deals with the notion of compounding and lexicalization in french and greek. In the second chapter we examine the notion of head, the origin of the model and the presence of hyphen between n1 and n2. In the third chapter we propose a categorization of dnc which presents three branches : coordinative, attributive and complementive constructions. Each class presents distinct semantic and syntactic properties. This categorization together with the formalization of information concerning dncs is necessary for their automatic treatment. The fourth and fifth chapters describe the proposed categorisation in detail. In the sixth chapter we present the structure of our data base. The seventh chapter deals with the syntactic behavior of predicative dncs. In the eighth chapter we present non predicative dnc. S the ninth chapter describes dncs from a semantic point of view. Finally, the tenth chapter contains a didactic or teaching approach to dncs. The theoretical framework of lexicon-grammar elaborated by m. Gross has helped us to describe - in a formalized way - the syntactic behavior of predicative dncs. We have also used the theoretical model of object classes proposed by g. Gross in order to describe non-predicative dncs. The same model makes it possible to formulate rules concerning productivity and semantic compatibility between the first and second elements of dncs. Finally, we studied metaphorical dncs in terms of prototype theory
Merlet, Pauline. "Analyse linguistique du discours lexicographique : le cas des articles homme et femme dans le Grand Robert de la langue française et le Trésor de la langue française." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3029.
Full textA the junction of the semantic theory and the discourse analysis, the purpose of this work is to construct a processes for a linguistic analysis of lexicographical discourse, from a corpus consists of the entries man and woman in the GR and the TLF, in a confrontative perspective. The first part consist in showing the specificity of the corpus we study, by describing the lexicographical métadiscursive mechanisms, from the viewpoint of the lexicographical theory presented in the preface of each dictionary. The second part consist in linking together the characteristics of lexicographical description we have studied and the postulates of the semantics of possible argumentatives, to construct the argumentative signification of the words woman and man
Wurbel, Nathalie. "Dictionnaires et bases de connaissances : traitement automatique de données dictionnairiques de langue française." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30035.
Full textBelleil, Claude. "Reconnaissance, typage et traitement des coréférences des toponymes français et de leurs gentilés par dictionnaire électronique relationnel." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT2100.
Full textDias, loguercio Sandra. "Dictionnaires bilingues et pédagogie de la lecture : vers un dictionnaire français-portugais d'appui à la compréhension écrite et à l'apprentissage du vocabulaire en français langue étrangère." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957934.
Full textLoguercio, Sandra Dias. "Dictionnaires bilingues et pédagogie de la lecture : vers un dictionnaire français-portugais d'appui à la compréhension écrite et à l'apprentissage du vocabulaire en français langue étrangère." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030053/document.
Full textThis study is based on the teaching model of reading French as a foreign language by university students who are beginners in this language in Brazil. After presenting the essential topics of this didactic approach and the issues related to the teaching-learning process when reading in a foreign language, in which the lexical acquisition plays a major role, we present the basics of lexicology and lexical semantics, and finally we portray the works developed in pedagogical lexicography, in which we place this study. Regardless of its dissemination among Latin America students and of its continuous reformulation to account for new learning situations, this teaching method contains some gaps. The gaps refer to a critical issue for a large number of readers: the lack of lexical knowledge. This issue relates not only to a lack of vocabulary knowledge, but also to the ability of word learning. In this study, this question has been further studied based on two experimental researches. The first one, using a more prospective approach, aims at identifying the role of the dictionary–especially bilingual dictionaries–in the reading process and the effects of dictionary use in the construction of meaning. The second one compares the use of two lexicographic instruments: a bilingual dictionary and a pedagogical dictionary for learners of French as a foreign language. Both researches yield important information about the integration of a lexical study with this teaching model; additionally, they are complemented by the analysis of the dictionaries available to this target audience. In this way, we can set methodological principles to build a pedagogical dictionary that helps students in reading activities and that supports vocabulary acquisition on the basis of functional lexicography
Bramati, A. G. "Les compléments prépositionnels des verbes français et italiens : problèmes théoriques et études contrastives." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/142731.
Full textKosolritthichai, Wiroj. "Elaboration d'un outil pédagogique informatisé intégrant les collocations pour un public de Français Langue Etrangère." Grenoble 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE39061.
Full textMalique, Isabelle. "Les renvois lexicographiques : Le cas du vocabulaire de l'écologie dans le grand Larousse en 5 volumes et dans le Robert électronique." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131022.
Full textThe whole research lies on a double corpus: the vocabulary of ecology - the life of the species in their own environment - in the grand larousse en 5 volumes and in the robert electronique. The corpus is the first step of the research work. Its observation is the beginning of all analysis and of all considerations. Two types of cross-references appeared : the "renvoi formel lexicographique" ( formal lexicographic cross-reference) and the "renvoi potentiel linguistique ( potential linguistic cross-reference). The first category of cross-reference has this particularity to bring the reader to another entity of the dictionary. It always has an explicit formalation, so it can be noticed in the text of the article. The second category of cross-references isn't an opposition of the fisrt one, but another level of the analysis of the different articles. The "renvoi potentiel linguistique" is a concept used by the reader to understand the different parts of the article. It is the mental way that permitts to understand the linguistic meaning pf the article, by its different fields (phonetics, etymology, definition, language register, etc. . . ) the third step of the analysis leads to a metalinguistic evaluation of what has been found concerning the two types of cross-references. A third category of crossreference appears : the "renvoi potentiel metalinguistique" ( potential metalinguistic cross-reference). With this concept the reader understands the metalinguistic meaning of the article by its different fields
Siarri-Mesana, Charlotte. "Les mots nouveaux attestés entre 1990 et 2012 dans le Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique 2012 : une étude lexicologique et lexicographique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3147/document.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to study how neology manifests itself in a french language dictionary. I have chosen to work on the electronic version of the "Nouveau Petit Robert", since it is the epitome of a reference dictionary. I studied the new attested words that were added between 1990 and 2012 in the "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012. This fairly recent attestation period was chosen in order to observe the influence of new technologies on the lexicon.To build up our corpus it was necessary to enter the period between 1990 and 2012 as a search criteria. In doing so, the corpus of this study is now composed of 477 new attested words added between 1990 and 2012.This work intends to bring out the formation modes of these new words as well as the experience areas to which they are linked. A portion of this study was also dedicated to lexicography. In this section the lexicographical particularities of the "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012 are highlighted by comparing a few words extracted from its corpus with the same words in two other dictionaries : "Le Petit Larousse Illustré" 2016 and the "Wiktionnaire".The most efficient formation modes for the corpus’ words are those pertaining to the internal matrix with a total of 266 words, as well as those pertaining to the external matrix with a total of 186 words.The corpus’words belonging to the internal matrix are the most numerous, and it indicates that the lexicon renews itself on its own.There is a distinct decline of the social sciences in favor of technical sciences to be observed
Liu, Jing. "Étude comparative de deux dictionnaires d'apprentissage français-chinois Larousse compact. Dictionnaire de la langue française avec explications bilingues (2001) et Dictionnaire français-chinois (2003)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2528.
Full textHilal, Alaa. "Le statut du terme dans le dictionnaire général : l’exemple du dictionnaire monolingue français, monolingue arabe et bilingue français-arabe." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20032.
Full textThis research aims to study the status - place and treatment - of scientific and technical terms in general dictionaries. General dictionaries concentrate on words (or general language lexicon) whereas specialised dictionaries focus on terms (or specialised language lexicon). However, general dictionaries include, in addition to words, a large number of terms. These terms, which are simultaneously included in both dictionaries types, are the subject of this study. Thus, it proposes to examine the following aspects of the term: macrostructural - choice and location - and mircostructual - labelling, definition and exemplification as well as the term’s equivalent in the Arabic bilingual dictionaries. The terms which are used in this research are from various domains. They are extracted from a trilingual English-French-Arabic corpus which consists of texts published by the UN. The status of these terms is analysed according to two monolingual french dictionaries, two monolingual arabic dictionaries and two bilingual french-arabic dictionaries
Franjié, Lynne. "Etude sémantique et traductologique de verbes arabes dans les dictionnaires bilingues : le Larousse (arabe-français) et le H. Wehr (arabe-anglais)." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/franjie_l.
Full textSéfrioui, Yasmina. "Traitement des unités lexicales à charge culturelle dans les dictionnaires bilingues français-anglais : le domaine de l'éducation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34898.
Full textAsmi, Mohamad Jamal. "L'élaboration du vocabulaire de base de l'arabe moderne : contribution à la mise en œuvre d'un dictionnaire bilingue arabe/français à vocation pédagogique." Paris, INALCO, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INAL0001.
Full textOur objective in this work es very precise : to give to students of Arabic as a foreign language a linguistic instrument which corresponds to their needs : a selective dictionary with a pedagogical purpose which limits itself to the most useful lexical units with a view to the learning of the basic language system of modern Arabic. As a matter of fact, the teaching of modern languages has experienced throughout the world during about the last 25 years immense changes due in particular to the development of two recent sciences, linguistics and informatics. We have tried to show in this work the most important findings and their effects on the teaching of modern languages in general and of Arabic in particular. This study has enabled us to put into place our methodology concerning the production of a dictionary grouping the fondamental vocabulary destined to the teaching of Arabic : a simple every day vocabulary, understandable by any Arabic speaking person which corresponds to the immediate lexical needs of the users. This dictionary would interest a large and varied public : 1. Arabian countries : schools (example : primary school children) 2. France : a. Introduction to Arabic at University. B. Students of secondary education having chosen Arabic as a foreign language. 3. A public of Arabian origin : pupils or students born in France (commonly called " second generation" speaking French but whose mother tongue is Arabic)
Bernardon, de Oliveira Kátia. "Emprunts et adaptations. Portugais (Brésil et Portugal) & Français." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100011/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to understand the phenomenon of loanwords and their phonological adaptations. The research was based on consulting the Brazilian newspaper of the nineteenth century 'A Gazetinha', whose use of French words is common. Thus, we start with a written corpus, which makes us think about the role of orthography in loanword adaptations. After our research in the literature about loanwords, we focused on two aspects: the phonological adaptation of French words in Portuguese and the link between etymology and loanwords. This work contributes to the description of the Portuguese lexicon and its phonology from the process of adaptation of French loans. In addition, we contribute to the description of Portuguese vocabulary from their etymological dictionaries and monolingual. Our assumptions are that the orthography and knowledge of French play a role in the adaptation process; Portuguese and Brazilian speakers may show differences to adapt the French words; European and Brazilian vocabulary may show differences related with words of French origin. Our methodology for assessing the phonological adaptation involves the application of a test based on the article The influence of orthography on loanwords adaptations of Vendelin & Peperkamp (2006). The test has been adapted to our subject and applied to Brazilian and Portuguese speakers to compare the results. We analyze six French phonemes in this work. The test results on phonological adaptations show that there is no difference in choice of adaptation between European and Brazilian speakers at the phonological level. Adaptations are always to the target language, Portuguese. However, orthography and knowledge of French appear to be related and active factors in the process when the speaker is needed. The subtle differences in adaptation are only on the phonetic level, obeying the phenomena of Portuguese.Concerning the second aspect studied- the relation between etymology and loanwords-, we use as a research method the consultation of etymological and monolingual dictionaries of Portuguese to establish a framework for discussion comparing their information about the origins of words. After a data analysis, we verify that the information is quite contrasting, which prevents easy reading to any reader, not just to linguists. Our conclusion is that dictionaries are not a source of research with compelling information and other studies and discussions are still needed
Louis, Sylvain. "Edition critique du livre sept de la traduction par Jean Corbechon du De proprietatibus rerum de Barthélémy l'Anglais." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUEL394.
Full textIsmail, Ramia. "Les réseaux de sens issus des racines dans les dictionnaires arabes et arabes-français : une question de traductologie appliquée." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20113.
Full textThe thesis in general is relevant to Arabic studies. It is related to an intersection of two disciplines of the science of language: translation studies and bilingual lexicography. The last mentioned is linked to the translation itself also the meaning issue, more particular, the original text. It represents the crossing point of complex relations between science of translation and lexicography, this issue that we’ll try to solve in the actual work, it will be more about the translation of the Arabic language to the French language and the analyzing of semantic relations of the original text which is the Arabic language in this case. The problem of the bilingual dictionaries Arabic-French is the problem that we’ll look into during all the work of the thesis. That is why we gave a lot of thinking about the necessity of the original language to be confronted by itself according to what Jacobson (1963) has called “intralingual translation”. So we tried to study the lexical data of the language, by analyzing the data of the Arabic language itself while counting on the information given by the monolingual dictionaries that we have chosen. It is known that the bilingual dictionary related to Arabic language has appeared a while after the monolingual dictionary. The Arabic lexicography also known by its richness and its medieval production diversity between the 8th and the 18th centuries. Plus, the Arabic lexicography was not used as it should be and there was not a lot of studies of the subject. The goal of the first part is to use the translation perspective in a hand, and the lexicography from another hand, the object is to introduce the theoretical part in general, the bilingual lexicographical approach, from the semantic analysis of monolingual dictionary in developing the bilingual dictionary. The second part focuses on a study of the monolingual lexicography Arabic to determine its relationship with the bilingual Arabic lexicography. The third and final part focuses on bilingual dictionaries reconsidered in the case of Arabic dictionaries. These dictionaries are indeed led by the necessity to consider two major characteristics of the vocabulary of the language, which is structured around two major areas of semantic families "crossed": Formal roots and their by-roots and grammatical senses associated with morphological syllabic patterns
Heo, Jin Yeong. "Pour un dictionnaire bilingue coréen-français d'enseignement/apprentissage : principe d'élaboration et propositions d'utilisation didactique." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030070.
Full textMahrazi, Mohand. "Principes et méthodes pour l'élaboration d'un dictionnaire terminologique français-berbère dans le domaine de l'électrotechnique." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39013.
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