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Journal articles on the topic 'End anchorage length'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Gora, Abdurra’uf Mukhtar, Jayaprakash Jaganathan, Mohammed Parvez Anwar, and Hau Y. Leung. "Flexural capacity of bi-directional GFRP strengthened RC beams with end anchorages." International Journal of Structural Integrity 10, no. 2 (2019): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-04-2018-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of experimental and theoretical studies on the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened using externally bonded bi-directional glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites and different end anchorage systems. Design/methodology/approach A series of nine RC beams with a length of 1,600 mm and a cross-section of 200 mm depth and 100 mm width were prepared and externally strengthened in flexure with bi-directional GFRP composites. These strengthened beams were anchored with three different end anchorage system

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2

Zou, Lan Lin, and Xing Lin Zhou. "Experimental Study on Strengthened Bridge Structures with Carbon Fiber Plate." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.997.

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In order to analyze the impact of anchor length, ends anchorage measures, strength of concrete, shear-span ratio, reinforcement ratio and the amount of carbon fiber plate on the bearing capacity of strengthened bridge structures with carbon fiber plate, 11 pieces of rectangle beams are fabricated for flexural experimental study. The experimental results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimens increase different degree as different strengthened schemes: the bearing capacity of rectangle beams with plate end anchorage has increased remarkably; The beams have greater bearing capa

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3

Wagner, Juliane, and Manfred Curbach. "Bond Fatigue of TRC with Epoxy Impregnated Carbon Textiles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9101980.

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For the economical construction of fatigue loaded structures with textile reinforced concrete (TRC), it is necessary to investigate the fatigue behavior of the materials. Since next to the tensile load-bearing behavior, the bond behavior of a material is crucial as well, the present paper deals with the bond fatigue of TRC with epoxy-impregnated carbon textiles. First, static tests are carried out to determine the sufficient anchorage length of the investigated material combination. Afterwards, the influence of cyclic loading on the necessary anchorage length, deformation, stiffness, and resid

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4

Ghoddousi, P., R. Ahmadi, and M. Sharifi. "Fiber pullout model for aligned hooked-end steel fiber." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 9 (2010): 1179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-053.

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The main objective of this study is to derive an analytical model for the pullout behavior of hooked-end steel fiber. The pullout behavior of hooked-end steel fiber comprises a component due to interfacial bond stress at the fiber–matrix interface and a component due to mechanical anchorage at the hook end of the fiber. To study the first component, the effects of hooks on the distributions of the force and stresses along the fiber length are analyzed. Then these results are used, with the concept of bond shear stress versus slip relation between fiber and matrix, to obtain a force component d

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5

Su, Qing Tian, and Dong Fang Wang. "Mechanical Analysis for Anchorage Zone Connecting Main Cable and Main Girger of Self-Anchored Suspension Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2281.

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Self-anchored suspension bridge is a self-balancing system by anchored the main cable at each end of main girder. With complicated configuration and important rule of transferring tension in main cable to main girder, the anchorage region is one of the most critical issues during designing a self-anchored suspension bridge. It is impossible to fully understand the mechanical behavior only by spatial beam and column model but spatial refined model. Because the behavior of anchorage region is greatly influenced by its boundary condition, in this paper, reasonable length of main girder in calcula

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6

Zhuang, Ning, Honghan Dong, Da Chen, and Yeming Ma. "Experimental Study of Aged and Seriously Damaged RC Beams Strengthened Using CFRP Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (October 21, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6260724.

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This paper presents results from experiments on aged and seriously damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with different arrangements of external carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates and end anchorages. Seven RC beams from an old bridge, measuring 250 × 200 × 2300 mm, were tested. All specimens were loaded to yield load to evaluate initial mechanical properties. Then, these seriously damaged specimens were repaired using different CFRP-reinforcing schemes and reloaded to failure. The yield load growth due to CFRP reinforcement ranged from 5% to 36%. Different parameter

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7

Zhao, Zenghui, Qing Ma, Yunliang Tan, and Xiaojie Gao. "Load transfer mechanism and reinforcement effect of segmentally yieldable anchorage in weakly consolidated soft rock." SIMULATION 95, no. 1 (2018): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549718770284.

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Mine disasters, such as large deformation, floor heave, and roof fall, occur extremely easily in weakly consolidated soft rock strata in western China, posing enormous challenges to traditional anchorage support design. To avoid tensile failure of bolts as a result of the superposition effect of stress accumulation, a segmentally yieldable anchorage support, taking into consideration the different failure zones in surrounding rock, is presented in this paper. First, load transfer mechanisms and the process of anchorage failure are analyzed for end anchorage, full-length anchorage, and segmenta

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8

Nigro, Emidio, Antonio Bilotta, Giuseppe Cefarelli, Gaetano Manfredi, and Edoardo Cosenza. "Bond Models for FRP Bars Anchorage in Concrete Slabs under Fire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.533.

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Experimental tests were recently performed to evaluate resistance and deformability of nine concrete slabs reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars in fire situation by varying (a) external loads in the range of the service loads, (b) concrete cover in the range of usual values (30-50mm), (c) bar end shape (straight or bent) and its length at the end of the concrete members, namely in the zone not directly exposed to fire (250-500mm). Experimental results showed the importance of concrete cover in the zone directly exposed to fire for the protection provided to FRP bars, due to its

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9

Li, Biao, Yong Xin Yang, Qing Rui Yue, Bin Wang, Peng Yang Zhang, and Hua Wei Cheng. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of CFRP Tendon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1097.

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According to GB/T 26743-2011, 37 different surface state of 8 mm CFRP tendons are made on the mechanical properties test to determine some mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation rate. The experiment process, experimental method and failure state are introduced in detail. Considering many factors to the experimental results, the results are analyzed from production process, binder type, anchorage length and fiber species. The results showed that stress-strain curves are straight lines and the failure mechanism has brittle fracture characteristics. From th

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10

Hosen, Md Akter, Mohd Zamin Jumaat, and A. B. M. Saiful Islam. "Inclusion of CFRP-Epoxy Composite for End Anchorage in NSM-Epoxy Strengthened Beams." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/812797.

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Nowadays, the use of near surface mounted (NSM) technique strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structural members is going very popular. The failure modes of NSM strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams have been shown to be largely due to premature failure such as concrete cover separation. In this study, CFRP U-wrap end anchorage with CFRP fabrics was used to eliminate the concrete cover separation failure. A total of eight RC rectangular beam specimens of 125 mm width, 250 mm depth, and 2300 mm length were tested. One specimen was kept unstrengthened as a reference; three specimens wer

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11

Islam, Md Mashfiqul, Ashfia Siddique, Alireza Pourhassan, Md Arman Chowdhury, and Jarin Tasnim. "Flexural Capacity Enhancement of Timber Beams Partially Confining the Principal Compression Arch using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 11 (2019): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119851051.

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Timber is widely used as a structural element because of its engineering and mechanical properties. This study focuses on the flexural behavior of timber beams externally reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites at the tension face and the responses of the fundamental principal compression arch because of confinement from end anchorage. Beams of three different types of timber are studied. All the beams had the same length, width, and span length and were tested under four-point loading. Different CFRP lamination techniques were adopted, with and without U-clamp confin

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12

Hsu, Shih Tsung. "A Numerical Study on the Uplift Behavior of Under-Reamed Anchors in Silty Sand." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2013.

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Ground anchors are common to be employed in geotechnical engineering. Under a limited space of an urban district or a restricted thick of an anchored stratum, an under-reamed anchor could meet both the requirements of a short length and a high anchorage capacity. To investigate the anchorage mechanism of the anchor, a series of triaxial tests was performed to obtain the parameters demanded for a constitutive model, SHASOVOD (A continuous strain hardening/ softening and volume dilatancy model for cohesionless soil during stressing). A numerical program was then developed to study the uplift beh

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13

Mongiardini, Mario, Ronald K. Faller, John D. Reid, and Dean L. Sicking. "Dynamic Evaluation and Implementation Guidelines for a Nonproprietary W-Beam Guardrail Trailing-End Terminal." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2377, no. 1 (2013): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2377-07.

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Most state departments of transportation use simple adaptations of crashworthy guardrail end terminals, which typically include breakaway posts and an anchor cable, for downstream anchorage systems. The guardrail safety performance for vehicular impacts occurring in close proximity to these simplified, downstream anchorage systems is not well known. Further, the length of need (LON) for the downstream end of these systems has yet to be adequately determined. This research project assessed the safety performance of the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) for impacts occurring in close proximity to a

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14

Hu, Wen Chi, and Shih Tsung Hsu. "Numerical Modeling of Earth Structures: Frictional Anchors in Sand." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.214.

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This research performed a series of triaxial tests on sandy specimens to obtain the parameters needed for a constitutive model. The model is capable to simulate the strain hardening/softening and the volumetric dilation of sandy soil during stressing. The model and the related parameters were then employed in the commercial software FLAC2D to analyze the uplift behavior of various frictional anchors in sandy soil. Analysis results indicate that the friction stress along the fixed end of the anchor with a long fixed length exhibits progressive yielding under not only for a tension but also for

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15

Peterman, Robert J., Julio A. Ramirez, and Jan Olek. "Design of Semilightweight Bridge Girders: Development-Length Considerations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (2000): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-06.

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In a recent study, 25 development-length tests were conducted on rectangular and T-shaped semilightweight beams having design compressive strengths of 48 MPa (7,000 psi) and 69 MPa (10,000 psi). In the rectangular beam tests, the design moment capacity was exceeded in every case. However, in the tests on T-shaped beams, bond failure occurred in some specimens immediately after the formation of a flexure-shear crack. Additional tests were then conducted on similar T-shaped beams having varying amounts of transverse reinforcement near the point load. These tests showed that bond failure could be

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16

Yang, Keun-Hyeok, and Ju-Hyun Mun. "Cyclic Flexural and Shear Performances of Beam Elements with Longitudinal Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars in Exterior Beam-Column Connections." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122353.

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The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the poor anchorage length of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars used for longitudinal reinforcement on the flexural and shear performances of beam elements in exterior beam–column connections made using high-strength materials. Six exterior beam–column connection specimens were tested under reversal cyclic loads applied at the free-end of the beam. The selected strength categories of materials in the beam element were as follows: 35 MPa and 70 MPa for the design compressive strength of concrete, 400 MPa and 600 MPa for the yield s

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17

Sun, Wen Bin, Wei Zhong He, and Yang Jiang. "Bond Strength on the Interface between Concrete and Steel and Development Length of Reinforcing Bars in RC Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.456.

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For the analysis and design of RC structures, there is a fundamental assumption that the strain in an embedded reinforcing bar is the same as that in the surrounding concrete. Therefore, bond forces must be developed on the interface between concrete and steel, such as to prevent significant slip from occurring at the interface. An end anchorage may be considered reliable if the bar is embedded in to concrete a prescribed distance known as the development length of the bar. If in the beam the actual extended length of a bar is equal to or greater than this required development length, no prema

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18

Al-Tamimi, Adil K., Rami Hawileh, Jamal Abdalla, and Hayder A. Rasheed. "Effects of Ratio of CFRP Plate Length to Shear Span and End Anchorage on Flexural Behavior of SCC RC Beams." Journal of Composites for Construction 15, no. 6 (2011): 908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000221.

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19

Jokūbaitis, Aidas, Juozas Valivonis, and Adomas Zubrus. "THE INFLUENCE OF PRESTRESS LOSSES ON THE ANCHORAGE ZONE OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE MEMBER / ĮTEMPTŲJŲ GELŽBETONINIŲ ELEMENTŲ ĮTEMPIŲ NUOSTOLIŲ ĮTAKA INKARAVIMO ZONAI." Engineering Structures and Technologies 6, no. 1 (2014): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2014.957902.

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Article briefly discusses the factors affecting bond between concrete and reinforcement of prestressed concrete member. Behavior of prestressed concrete member during release of reinforcement is discussed. Comparative analysis of equations, which describes relation between strand draw-in and transfer length, is presented. Article analyses distribution of loss of prestress at the anchorage zone of prestressed concrete member. Estimation of rational position of strands at the anchorage zone of flexural prestressed concrete member was performed. Influence of constant and linearly variable stress

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20

Feng, Xiaowei, Nong Zhang, Guichen Li, and Gangye Guo. "Pullout Test on Fully Grouted Bolt Sheathed by Different Length of Segmented Steel Tubes." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4304190.

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In order to evaluate the anchorage performance of rebar bolt sheathed by different length of segmented steel tubes, a total of eight groups of pullout tests were conducted in this study. The steel tubes, segmented by 5 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, utilized in current study were bonded together by a high performance two-component adhesive to form standard 30 cm long steel tube. Unlike axial stress distribution in bolt, the axial stress distribution in steel tube showed exponential decrease trend from tube-clamp end to bolt-clamp end; thus a series of interesting results were observed. For

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21

Jiang, Shi Yong, Yong Ye, and Wei Fei. "Experiment on the Bonding Performance of BFRP Bars Reinforced Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.993.

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Through the pull-out test methods, the concrete strength、reinforcement diameter Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastics Bars、the anchorage length、 stirrup rate and other factors on the bonding properties of the BFRP reinforced concrete is analyzed. The BFRP bars and reinforcing steel bars bonding properties is compared. BFRP reinforced concrete bond failure mode has two types .As the concrete strength increases, the bond strength of the BFRP reinforced concrete increased. With the increase BFRP bars diameter and shear lag relationship, the cohesive force of the BFRP reinforced concrete decrease accor

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22

Čítek, David, Jan L. Vítek, Jiří Kolísko, Petr Huňka, and Stanislav Řeháček. "Assessment of Bond Behavior of UHPC and Prestressing Strands." Advanced Materials Research 1000 (August 2014): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.247.

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Ultra High Performance Concrete - UHPC is a relatively new type of composite material with outstanding features (high compressive strength, high tensile strength and high durability). Also the bond strength between steel reinforcement and UHPC is better than that in ordinary concrete. This fact needs to be quantified, because no standard prescribes the bond behavior of UHPC and design of UHPC in general. The main aim of the experimental research was to determine the average bond stress between prestressing strands and different types of UHPC. The second aim was to show very significant increas

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23

Nishiyama, M., H. Mugurama, and F. Watanabe. "Hysteretic restoring force characteristics of unbounded prestressed concrete framed structure under earthquake load." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 22, no. 2 (1989): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.22.2.112-121.

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An analytical method, by which hysteretic restoring force characteristics of unbonded prestressed concrete framed structure can be statically pursued on the basis of material properties, is presented. The bond-slip relationship between concrete and prestressing tendon is taken into account, and thus the method covers unbonded members and bonded members. For verifying the propriety of the analytical method, the experiment is carried out on a portal frame with an unbonded prestressed concrete beam of 4.2 m in length and reinforced concrete columns of 1 m in height. High intensity reversed cyclic

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24

Aguilar-Pérez, Luis Antonio, José Israel Sánchez-Cruz, Juan Alejandro Flores-Campos, and Christopher René Torres-SanMiguel. "Numerical and Experimental Assessment of a Novel Anchored for Intramedullary Telescopic Nails Used in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Fractures." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125422.

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Osteogenesis Imperfecta (IO) is a bone disease mainly characterized by the low bone density that produces common fractures in children around 0–7 years. The use of metal implants is a typical treatment of this disease. The intramedullary telescopic nail (ITN) was inspired by the progressive growth in the long bones such as the femur or humerus during children’s aging. This work shows an experimental assessment of the ITN’s, focusing on their fixation; the proposed improvements in the design of the intramedullary nail studied include the separation of the element into two parts for telescopic e

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25

Schanack, Frank, Galo Valdebenito, and Jorge Alvial. "Seismic Damage to Bridges during the 27 February 2010 Magnitude 8.8 Chile Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 1 (2012): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3672424.

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The 27 February 2010 Chile earthquake is currently the fifth-strongest earthquake measured in the world. Despite this fact, the damage to the road infrastructure can be classified as moderate. Of the 6,000 state bridges in the affected region, only about 30 bridges had to be closed to traffic. This paper includes the most pertinent results of a field investigation of the seismic damage to 100 bridges. The majority of the bridges exhibited only minor damage such as concrete spalling, expansion joint damage, and settlement of the embankment. However, severe damage was reported in 19 bridges, inc

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26

Arevalo Gomez, Roger. "Measurement and analysis of vibrations - evaluation of the criteria of acceptance ISO Standard 10816-6." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 13, no. 26 (2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.196.

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During the reception and / or delivery tests of a ship, vibration measurement and analysis is made to the propulsion line in order to evaluate and predict the condition of the machinery. The values taken during the measurement of the vibrations are evaluated with the acceptance criteria provided by the standards. International Standard ISO 10816-6 (1995) focuses on reciprocating machinery with power of greater than 100kW, is used by both analysts and manufacturers of propulsion machinery for ships. Through this work, we intend to evaluate the acceptance criteria of this norm in boats smaller t

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27

Salles, L. S., and J. T. Balbo. "Experimental continuously reinforced concrete pavement parameterization using nondestructive methods." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 9, no. 2 (2016): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952016000200007.

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ABSTRACT Four continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) sections were built at the University of São Paulo campus in order to analyze the pavement performance in a tropical environment. The sections short length coupled with particular project aspects made the experimental CRCP cracking be different from the traditional CRCP one. After three years of construction, a series of nondestructive testing were performed - Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) loadings - to verify and to parameterize the pavement structural condition based on two main properties: the elasticity modulus of concrete

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28

Mutinelli, Sabrina, and Mauro Cozzani. "Rapid maxillary expansion in contemporary orthodontic literature." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 6 (May 30, 2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.183148.

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We have reviewed our retrospective research about rapid maxillary expansion performed in the early mixed dentition to summarize the results of different studies regarding maxillary dental arch width variation and crowding improvement in light of contemporary literature. The aim is to define the effects of treatments followed until the end of dental arch growth. In all studies, a Haas expander anchored to the deciduous dentition was used. The samples consisted of treated patients with and without a lateral crossbite and homogeneous untreated individuals as controls. Two additional control group

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29

Zhang, Ming-yi, Zheng Kuang, Xiao-yu Bai, and Xiao-yu Chen. "Pullout Behavior of GFRP Anti-Floating Anchor Based on the FBG Sensor Technology." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (December 27, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6424791.

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Building anti-floating anchors have been increasingly used in recent years, but conventional steel anchors under service conditions are easily subjected to chemical erosion. Glass fiber reinforcement polymer (GFRP) is a promising solution to this problem. In this study, field pullout tests were conducted on three full instrumented GFRP anti-floating anchors in weathered granite. Specifically, the GFRP anchors during pultrusion were innovatively embedded with bare fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to monitor the axial force distribution along depth. It was found that the embedded FBG could reli

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30

Chen, Zongping, Jiyu Tang, Xingyu Zhou, Ji Zhou, and Jianjia Chen. "Interfacial Bond Behavior of High Strength Concrete Filled Steel Tube after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures and Cooled by Fire Hydrant." Materials 13, no. 1 (2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010150.

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For the engineering structure in case of fire, a fire hydrant is generally used for extinguishing the fire. This paper presents an experimental investigation on interfacial bond behavior of high-strength concrete-filled steel tube (HSCFST) after exposure to elevated temperatures and cooled by fire hydrant using the pull-out test of 22 specimens. According to the experimental study, the failure mechanism of HSCFST exposed to elevated temperatures and water-cooling (ETWC) was revealed, the influence of various parameters on the bond behavior was analyzed, and the calculation formula of the bond

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31

Sicking, Dean L., John R. Rohde, and John D. Reid. "Design and Development of Steel Breakaway Posts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1720, no. 1 (2000): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1720-07.

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The current generation of NCHRP Report 350-compliant guardrail terminals all use wooden breakaway posts in the terminal section. The first two end posts are typically breakaway cable terminal posts inserted into steel foundation tubes that are joined with a ground strut to provide the anchorage capacity. Wood is readily available and inexpensive, but it also has many drawbacks. The quality of the wood and the associated breaking forces vary widely. The strength of a wooden post is affected by many factors, including post size, ring density, knot location and size, cracks and checks, species, a

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32

Köroğlu, Mehmet Alpaslan. "Artificial neural network for predicting the flexural bond strength of FRP bars in concrete." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 26, no. 1 (2019): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2017-0155.

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AbstractThe bond strength between fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars and concrete is one of the most significant aspects of composite behaviour for rebars and concrete. In this study, a database of 408 beam type specimens consisting of beam end specimens, beam anchorage specimens and splice beam specimens was compiled from the current literature and used to develop a simple prediction using the artificial neural network (ANN). The data used for modelling were organised in a format of eight input parameters that include FRP type, cover bar surface, confinement, bar diameter (db), concrete co

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33

Ali, MS Mohamed. "Analytical models to predict structural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams bonded with prestressed fibre-reinforced polymer laminates." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 4 (2017): 532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217732666.

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The strengthening of reinforced concrete members with prestressed fibre-reinforced polymer laminates has been investigated by researchers due to major improvements in member serviceability characteristics. Currently, analytical models generally employ mostly empirical procedures in predicting member behaviour, and as a result, the analytical results exhibit poor correlation to experimental investigations. In this article, an analytical model is developed using new and existing theoretical techniques to critically analyse strengthened reinforced concrete beams for a range of loading scenarios t

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34

Wang, Peng, Nong Zhang, Jiaguang Kan, Zhengzheng Xie, Qun Wei, and Wenhao Yao. "Fiber Bragg Grating Monitoring of Full-bolt Axial Force of the Bolt in the Deep Strong Mining Roadway." Sensors 20, no. 15 (2020): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154242.

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With the increase of mining depth and strength, the evolution of bolt axial force is increasingly becoming important for ensuring the reliability and safety of support. To improve the problem of the existing coal mine roadway pressure-monitoring method, whereby it is difficult to continuously monitor the axial force of the bolt over a long period of time, a full rod fiber bragg grating (FBG) force-measuring bolt and system were designed based on the principle of fiber grating sensing. It was found that a trapezoidal groove is a relatively better groove. The linearity between the center wavelen

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35

Zhang, Zhiqiang, Yin Liu, Junyang Teng, Heng Zhang, and Xin Chen. "An Investigation into Bolt Anchoring Performance during Tunnel Construction in Bedded Rock Mass." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072329.

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The anchor bolt is a key point of tunnel design in bedded rock mass. The previous theory of anchorage support falls does not fulfil engineering requirements, and the stability of bedded rock must be addressed by empirical methods. To investigate the bolt anchoring performance for bedded rock mass under different anchoring methods, the rock failure mode under shear and tensile stresses in bedded rock was examined in this paper. The results showed that bolt anchoring for rock is achieved mainly through the bonded restoration of surrounding rock near the drill holes by means of an anchoring agent

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36

Panizza, Matteo, Enrico Garbin, Maria Rosa Valluzzi, and Claudio Modena. "Experimental Study of the Bond of FRP Applied to Natural Stones and Masonry Prisms." Key Engineering Materials 624 (September 2014): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.624.453.

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Compared to more traditional techniques, the application of Externally Bonded-Fibre Reinforced Polymers (EB-FRP) represents a viable alternative for the strengthening of masonry structures, also in case of Cultural Heritage buildings where strict requirements need to be met, aimed at minimizing the impact of the intervention. Since the FRP-to-masonry bond behaviour strongly affects design and effectiveness of such interventions, several investigations have been carried out in recent years to study this phenomenon, generally based on the longer experience developed for concrete substrates. Mort

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Iraqi, Driss, Isabelle Duchesne, and Jacques-André Rioux. "Growth and Potential of Root Regeneration of Trees Grown in Cupric Hydroxide-coated Fabric." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 794F—794. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.794f.

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The most widespread deformation observed in container production is root circling. Consequently, root circling often reduces growth, root regeneration, and tree anchorage at transplanting time. The objectives of this study were to test the effectiveness of Cu(OH)2 lined containers on restriction of root tips, tree growth, and potential root regeneration (PRR). Two species were used in this study: Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Acer saccharinum. Species were grown for one season in containers lined with one of six combinations of polymer (P) (0, 30, and 60 g·m–2) and copper (Cu) (0%,0.4%, and 0.8%)

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Bunge, R. P., M. B. Bunge, and M. Bates. "Movements of the Schwann cell nucleus implicate progression of the inner (axon-related) Schwann cell process during myelination." Journal of Cell Biology 109, no. 1 (1989): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.1.273.

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Although it has been known for several decades that peripheral myelin is formed from an extended, spiraled, and compacted sheet of Schwann cell (SC) plasma membrane, the mechanism by which this unique spiraling is accomplished remains unknown. We have studied the movements of SC nuclei before, during, and subsequent to myelin formation (over periods of 24-72 h) to determine if this nuclear motion (noted in earlier reports) would provide useful insights into the mechanism of myelinogenesis. We used rodent sensory neuron and SC cultures in which initiation of myelinogenesis is relatively synchro

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Wyka, Tomasz P., Marcin Zadworny, Joanna Mucha, Roma Żytkowiak, Kinga Nowak, and Jacek Oleksyn. "Biomass and nitrogen distribution ratios reveal a reduced root investment in temperate lianas vs. self-supporting plants." Annals of Botany 124, no. 5 (2019): 777–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz061.

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Abstract Background and Aims The reliance on external support by lianas has been hypothesized to imply a reduction in the biomass cost of stem construction and root anchorage, and an increased investment in leaves, relative to self-supporting plants. These evolutionary trade-offs have not been adequately tested in an ontogenetic context and on the whole-plant scale. Moreover, the hypothesis may be extended to other potentially limiting resources, such as nitrogen (N.) Methods Plants belonging to five con-familiar pairs of temperate liana/shrub species were cultivated in 120 L barrels and seque

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Warren, Derek T., Qiuping Zhang, Peter L. Weissberg, and Catherine M. Shanahan. "Nesprins: intracellular scaffolds that maintain cell architecture and coordinate cell function?" Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 7, no. 11 (2005): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399405009294.

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Nesprins are a recently discovered family of ubiquitously expressed intracellular proteins. Through alternative transcriptional initiation, termination and splicing, two genes – nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 (also known as syne-1 and syne-2) – give rise to many protein isoforms that vary markedly in size. The largest of these isoforms comprise a C-terminal transmembrane domain (the KLS domain) linked by a spectrin-repeat rod domain to an N-terminal paired, actin-binding, calponin-homology domain. This structure suggests that they are well suited to orchestrate signalling between cell membranes and t

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Fürst, D. O., M. Osborn, R. Nave, and K. Weber. "The organization of titin filaments in the half-sarcomere revealed by monoclonal antibodies in immunoelectron microscopy: a map of ten nonrepetitive epitopes starting at the Z line extends close to the M line." Journal of Cell Biology 106, no. 5 (1988): 1563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.5.1563.

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mAbs specific for titin or nebulin were characterized by immunoblotting and fluorescence microscopy. Immunoelectron microscopy on relaxed chicken breast muscle revealed unique transverse striping patterns. Each of the 10 distinct titin antibodies provided a pair of delicate decoration lines per sarcomere. The position of these pairs was centrally symmetric to the M line and was antibody dependent. The results provided a linear epitope map, which starts at the Z line (antibody T20), covers five distinct positions along the I band (T21, T12, T4, T1, T11), the A-I junction (T3), and three distinc

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"Structural Performance of Grouted Sleeve Splice Connectors with Grooves Under Axial Tensile Load for Precast Concrete Structure." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 4 (2020): 564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d7319.049420.

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This study explains the performance of the proposed grouted sleeve connector with internal Grooves within the sleeve beneath incremental tensile load until failure. In this study, a series of twelve grouted sleeve splice with grooves (GSSG) were tested experimentally beneath incremental tensile load until failure to determine their feasibilities. The connector utilized mild steel pipe as sleeve where the sleeve comprises internal grooves with differing height and width .The mild steel pipe and the grooves are utilized to confine and strengthen the grout and the two dis continued bars joined en

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Komini, Chrysoula, Irini Theohari, Andromachi Lambrianidou, Lydia Nakopoulou, and Theoni Trangas. "PAPOLA contributes to cyclin D1 mRNA alternative polyadenylation and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation." Journal of Cell Science 134, no. 7 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.252304.

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ABSTRACT Poly(A) polymerases add the poly(A) tail at the 3′ end of nearly all eukaryotic mRNA, and are associated with proliferation and cancer. To elucidate the role of the most-studied mammalian poly(A) polymerase, poly(A) polymerase α (PAPOLA), in cancer, we assessed its expression in 221 breast cancer samples and found it to correlate strongly with the aggressive triple-negative subtype. Silencing PAPOLA in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells reduced proliferation and anchorage-independent growth by decreasing steady-state cyclin D1 (CCND1) mRNA and protein levels. Whereas the length

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