Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'End schaft'

The aim of this master's thesis are the engineering design of solutions for vertical elevator drive storage systém LLH – Schwerlast. The project is composed of technical report ans drawing documentation. The Technical report deals with storage and handling bar material, methods of control and manipulation of storage systems and structural design. In the structural part are designed draft drive and its main parts. The main parts of drive are checked using structural analysis. The drawing documentation is composed of assembly drawing, manufacturing dravings and welded frame drawing.

Incubation strategies of extinct organisms are largely speculative. Most inferences of nesting behavior are based on comparison with closely related extant taxa. To date the most useful evidence for support of a particular incubation strategy includes water vapor conductance (determined from fossil eggshell) and sedimentary structures, associated with eggs or eggshell, that are interpreted as fossil nests. One such sedimentary structure (MOR 3062) from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, is described along with the microstructure of the associated eggs and eggshell (oospecies Continuoolithus canadensis). The green nest trace truncates red mudstone and differs in sedimentary attributes. Geochemical analysis indicates that the host substrate was highly oxidized compared to the in-filled nesting structure. This is probably due to presence of decaying vegetative debris within the structure. A Continuoolithus canadensis egg removed from MOR 3062, along with Continuoolithus canadensis eggs from the nearby site TM-006, have a water vapor conductance value of 119 mgH ²O/ (day Torr). This equates to a 4.1 times greater mean water vapor conductance in Continuoolithus canadensis than a bird egg of the same mass. American alligator (Alligator mississippensis) eggs have a water vapor conductance rate 4.2 times greater than a bird egg of the same mass. Strong similarities exist between relative water vapor conductance of Continuoolithus canadensis and modern alligators. In addition, characteristics of MOR 3062 suggest the eggs were buried in a mixture of sediment and vegetative debris: therefore, I conclude that Continuoolithus Canadensis eggs were incubated underground, possibly with the aid of heat produced by rotting vegetation.

Classical biological control of weeds is generally considered an effective, safe, and cost effective tool for controlling widespread weeds in natural areas. However, only 60% of releases have become established and, of those, only 50% have led to control. Therefore, understanding the impacts of agents on target weeds across spatial scales, at different insect densities, and over time can give biological control practitioners the knowledge necessary to improve establishment and success rates. My studies characterized the impacts the biological control agent, Mecinus janthinus, on the rangeland weed Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica) at individual plant and plant population scales. Individual plant studies were conducted in a garden and replicated on plants growing in the field, to measure the impact of agents on plant growth and primary physiology. The population study followed operational scale releases of M. janthinus for three to four years using intensive monitoring to characterize L. dalmatica cover, density, and population structure, and weevil establishment and population increase. I also evaluated which parameters were most important to measure to determine establishment and success. In the common garden experiment, M. janthinus injury was found to reduce relative plant growth, as well as root, stem, and reproductive biomass at medium and high adult densities. Trends of reduced photosynthetic, conductance, or transpiration rates with increasing M. janthinus density were observed. In the field experiment, M. janthinus injury led to reduced growth. Gas exchange rates decreased over the season and were lower in plants exposed to high larval and adult herbivore pressure. Field monitoring indicated successful M. janthinus establishment at releases across a range of elevations, slopes, and geographic locations, though high rates of overwintering mortality were observed at all sites. Linaria dalmatica cover was variable within watersheds and patches, and also differed between watersheds. Abundance of L. dalmatica decreased over time based on cover measurements, but did not change over time with respect to density. The proportion of mature L. dalmatica stems decreased over time. The majority of changes in L. dalmatica over time were the same in release and control transects and could not be attributed to M. janthinus.

Resumo: Os polímeros condutores a Base de Tiofeno-Schiff despontam como materiais alternativos para obtenção de eletrodos modificados com potencial aplicação em sensores químicos devido as excelentes propriedades condutoras e quelantes conferidas pelo poli-tiofeno e pelas Bases de Schiff, respectivamente. Neste trabalho, o complexo Tiofeno-Salen foi sintetizado e caracterizado por UV8Vis e FTIR, em seguida, monômeros complexos metálicos-tiofeno-Schiff foram sintetizados com a complexação de cátions metálicos de transição como Ni2+, Cu2+, VO2+, Fe3+, Ru3+ e Ce4+ e novamente caracterizados por UV8Vis e FTIR para comprovar a formação dos monômeros complexos metálicos-tiofeno-Schiff. Filmes poliméricos desses complexos metálicos foram obtidos pela técnica de eletropolimerização anódica e foram caracterizados eletroquimicamente por voltametria cíclica em solução aquosa. Verificou-se a influência de diversas variáveis experimentais tais como solvente, eletrólito de suporte, intervalo de varredura de potenciais, velocidade de varredura de potenciais, concentração do monômero e número de ciclos durante a etapa de eletropolimerização. Os substratos condutores utilizados na etapa de eletropolimerização foram o eletrodo de platina e o eletrodo de carbono vítreo, demonstrando a influência do substrato condutor na etapa de eletropolimerização e verificou-se que o eletrodo de platina apresentou maior eficiência de transferência eletrônica quando comparado ao eletrodo de carbono vítreo devido a natureza amorfa do carbono vítreo para esses filmes poliméricos estudados. Os eletrodos de platina modificados com esses filmes poliméricos foram também utilizados no estudo das suas propriedades eletroquímicas para a detecção de analitos de interesse analítico como L-dopa, ditionito, piridoxina, sulfito, nitrito, L-tiroxina e ácido gálico.
Abstract: Conducting polymers of the Thiophene-Schiff Bases emerge as alternative materials to obtain modified electrodes with potential applications in chemical sensors due to the excellent conductive chelating properties conferred by the poly-thiophene and the Schiff Bases, respectively. In this work, the complex Thiophene-Salen was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR, then monomers complex metals8thiophene8Schiff were synthesized with the complexation of cations of transition metals such as Ni2+, Cu2+, VO2+, Fe3+, Ru3+ and Ce4+ and again characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR to confirm the formation of monomer-metal complexes with thiophene-Schiff. Polymer films of these complexes were obtained by anodic electropolymerization technique and were characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry in aqueous solution. There was the influence of different experimental variables such as solvent, supporting electrolyte, potential scan range, potential scan rate, monomer concentration and number of cycles during the electropolymerization. The conductive substrates used in the electropolymerization were platinum electrode and a glassy carbon electrode, demonstrating the influence of the conductive substrate in the electropolymerization and was found that the platinum electrode showed a higher electron transfer efficiency when compared to the carbon electrode vitreous due to amorphous nature of glassy carbon for these polymer films studied. The platinum modified electrodes with these polymer films were also used to study their electrochemical properties for the detection of analytes of analytical interest as L-dopa, dithionite, pyridoxine, sulphite, nitrite, L-thyroxine and gallic acid presented higher apllication as chemical sensors for these analytes.
Orientador: Marcos Fernando de Souza Teixeira
Coorientador: Luiz Humberto Marcolino Junior
Banca: Lúcio Angnes
Banca: Homero Marques Gomes
Mestre

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the use of Promethean interactive boards when teaching math in a third grade classroom and its impact on students' knowledge of and self-confidence toward math. 1. Does the students' working knowledge of math increase when they are regularly involved in using the Pro-board for problem-solving, cooperative learning, and differentiated instruction? 2. Does students' self-confidence and enjoyment of learning math increase with the use of Pro-boards and cooperative groups? CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. The goal of this literature review is to show the following: · The connection between how students learn and the use of technology, particularly the use of interactive white boards (IWBs). · To report on the teaching and learning approaches that best support the learning of Native American students. · To report on the teaching and learning approaches that best support the learning of children of poverty. · To point out the views of state and federal government agencies regarding the use of technology in the classroom, especially for mathematics.

Quartz and pyrite samples from Pliocene-recent, sub-economic orogenic gold mineralisation in the Southern Alps and Mesozoic economic deposits in the Otago Schist Belt have been analysed for noble gases and halogens. Palaeo-hydrothermal fluids preserved in fluid inclusions were released by crushing and analysed by mass spectrometry. Helium isotope measurements confirm the absence of a mantle-derived fluid component in gold-bearing veins from the Southern Alps and at the large gold deposit at Macraes in Otago. A possible minor mantle helium component is observed in veins within 10km of the Alpine Fault that do not contain gold. Halogen ratios support the absence of mantle-derived fluid and support the presence of a crustal fluid derived from sediments, indicated by high I/Cl ratios. Mixing trends between 40Ar/36Ar and Cl/36Ar indicate mixing between a meteoric-derived fluid or air and crust-derived fluid in all sample types. A correlation between 40Ar/36Ar and 132Xe/36Ar shows that xenon is also sourced from the crustal fluid. Despite a strong crustal-radiogenic Ar signal in some samples, measured neon isotope ratios are atmosphere like. Noble gas elemental ratios show strongly fractionated 20Ne/36Ar away from air-saturated water and air values in deeper formed veins, suggesting air contamination is not dominant. Evidence for the presence of a significant trapped vapour phase is provided by calculated noble gas concentrations in water. Formation of this vapour phase using a two-stage model of de-gassing of meteoric water, and subsequent partial re-dissolution by a Rayleigh fractionation process could account for fractionated 20Ne/36Ar and atmospheric neon isotope ratios. In the Southern Alps, three main types of mineralisation can be identified by noble gas and halogen properties. Deep forming veins contain the most gold and are characterised by 20Ne/36Ar greater than air, 132Xe/36Ar ratios up to 75 times the air value, indicating metamorphic and meteoric fluid components. Some deep ankeritic type veins that display evidence of a CO2-rich component fluid show the highest 20Ne/36Ar ratios. Shallow, late veins have 20Ne/36Ar between air-saturated water and air values, and lower xenon and iodine contents. These veins formed from a boiling rock-exchanged meteoric fluid with a minor metamorphic fluid component and contain less gold. The characteristics of the Nenthorn deposit in Otago are similar to those of the shallow Alpine veins. The economically significant Macraes deposit possibly formed from a meteoric component and a strong metamorphic fluid component derived from the original sediments. This is indicated by the highest levels of excess xenon (relative to air) determined in this study. There is some potential for xenon to be used to fingerprint gold bearing fluids sourced from similar metasedimentary piles in orogenic belts.

Traveling Women and Consuming Place in Eighteenth-Century Travel Letters and Journals considers how various women-authored travel narratives of the long eighteenth century employ food in the construction of place and identity. Chronologically charting the letters and journals of Delarivier Manley, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Janet Schaw, and Frances Burney, I argue that the “critical food moments” described in their letters and journals demonstrate material, cultural, and social implications about consumption. My interdisciplinary project is located at the intersection of three seemingly divergent topics: food studies, human geography, and women-authored travel narratives. Approaching “place” as a way of being-in-the-world, my project traces the connection between verbal constructions of place and issues of identity, national and gender, across the eighteenth century. Looking at what I term “critical food moments” during travel allows us particular insight into how food simultaneously serves a literal (intended for consumption) and a figurative (used as a literary topic and device) function, and how tropes of food—such as digestion—function as lexicons which offer women writers opportunities to better understand and criticize the nation and their own identities within the nation. I argue that food-centered moments allow us to better understand the lived experiences of women traveling in the eighteenth century, to analyze how material and sensory conditions influenced and shaped women’s understandings of themselves and their positions (places) in the world. Taken together, these four women authors represent a wide-range of perspectives from various social and economic backgrounds, and yet, what they have in common is crucial: a connection with the food, communities, and places they travel.

Information asymmetries between patients and physicians may provide the suppliers of medical services with the opportunity to induce demand. The thesis of "supplier-induced demand" is tested for ambulant services with two German Panel Data sets. The results show that there is no statistically significant correlation between physician-density and the demand for physician office visits. The implications of the findings are considered. Informationsasymmetrien zwischen Patienten und Ärzten ermöglichen es letzteren, die Nachfrage nach ihren eigenen Leistungen über das effiziente Ausmaß hinaus auszudehnen. Die diesen Sachverhalt be-schreibende These der "angebotsinduzierten Nachfrage" wird empirisch mit deutschen Paneldaten unter-sucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß kaum von einer statistisch signifikanten Beziehung zwischen der Arztdichte und der Inanspruchnahme ambulanter ärztlicher Leistungen gesprochen werden kann. Die möglichen wirtschaftspolitischen Implikationen werden im Schlußteil des Beitrags diskutiert.

Podizanje novih zasada i povećanje kapaciteta preradegrožđa povećava količinu otpada sa kojim se suočavaindustrija proizvodnje vina i rakije. Najbolji i najodgovornijinačin upravljanja otpadom je njegovo dalje iskorišćenjekao nusproizvoda. U ovoj disertaciji sagledavana je mogućnost iskorišćenjanusproizvoda iz različitih faza proizvodnje u vinarijama idestilerijama za dobijanje semenki grožđa koje sukorišćene za proizvodnju hladno presovanog ulja. Hipotezase zasniva na činjenici da semenke grožđa raznih sorti izrazličitih faza proizvodnje vina (bela, roze ili crvena vina),odnosno, rakije mogu imati sasvim različit hemijski sastav ikvalitet koji svakako može da se reflektuje na kvalitet,bioaktivne komponente i održivost hladno presovanog ulja.Ovakav proizvod, obzirom da je dobijen hladnimpresovanjem, može biti veoma atraktivan za potrošače,zbog svojih specifičnih senzorskih i nutritivnihkarakteristika.Za potrebe izrade disertacije prikupljeni su nusproizvodii pripremljeni su uzorci iz vinarija i destilerija fruškogorskogvinogorja. Dobijene su semenke i proizvedeno hladnopresovano ulje od semenki crnog grožđa sorte Merlot,belog grožđa sorte Italijanski rizling i belog grožđa sorteSila, kao autohtone sorte vinove loze. Hladno presovanaulja su proizvedena od semenki grožđa koje nisu prošlenikakav tretman, odnosno dobijene su nakon presovanja,prilikom proizvodnje belih (Italijanski rizling i Sila) i roze(Merlot) vina, zatim od semenki koje su prošle procesfermentacije prilikom proizvodnje crvenih vina (Merlot) i odsemenki koje su prošle proces fermentacije i destilacijeprilikom proizvodnje rakije (Merlot, Italijanski rizling i Sila).Pored navedenih semenki i ulja, pripremljen je i prosečanproizvodni uzorak koji predstavlja uzorak dobijen od svihprikupljenih semenki. Kao uporedni uzorci korišćeno jenerafinisano i rafinisano ulje od semenki grožđa nabavljenona tržištu. Za realizaciju postavljenog cilja, rad na izvođenju ovedisertacije obuhvatio je različite faze. U prvoj faziprikupljene su semenke grožđa i ispitivane su njihovetehničko-tehnološke karakteristika i kvalitet. Zatim su odnavedenih semenki proizvedena hladno presovana ulja.U sledećim fazama, ovako dobijena uja, zajedno sauzorkom nerafinisanog i rafinisanog ulja od semenkigrožđa sa tržišta ispitivana su sa aspekta senzorskog inutritivnog kvaliteta i praćene su razlike u održivosti ulja.Izvršena je senzorska analiza, određivane su frakcijepigmenata, karotenoidi i hlorofili, merena je transparencija,a parametri boje ulja određivani su i instrumentalno.Nutritivni kvalitet ulja sagledavan je na osnovu sadržaja isastava bioaktivnih komponenti, pre svega tokoferola itokotrienola, fenola i sterola. Budući da ova jedinjenjaispoljavaju značajne antioksidativne aktivnosti izvršeno je iispitivanje antiradikalske aktivnosti uzoraka. Odživost uljaod semenki grožđa sagledana je na osnovu početnogkvaliteta i oksidativnog stanja, kao i rezultata ubrzanihtestova, kao što je Rancimat test, Schaal-oven test ifluorescentni test.Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, može se konstatovati dasu svi dobijeni uzorci semenki imali dobru skladišnu vlagu,koja, obzirom na mali sadržaj ulja u semenkama, može daosigura čuvanje semenki u dužem periodu. Sadržaj ulja usemenkama, pored uticaja sorte vinove loze, zavisi i oduticaja procesa kome su podvrgnute semenke prepresovanja (fermentacija, destilacija).Senzorska analiza ulja od semenki grožđa pokazala jeznačajne razlike u karakteristikama koje su posledica nesamo načina dobijanja ulja (hladno presovano ili rafinisano), sorte vinove loze, već i postupka dobijanja,porekla i kvaliteta semenki grožđa. Uslovi kojima susemenke grožđa izložene u toku alkoholne fermentacije iposebno destilacije utiču na formiranje specifične aromehladno presovanog ulja. I pored toga što se pojavljujeizuzetno širok spektar različitih aroma, mirisa i ukusa u uljui što postoje značajne razlike u aromi ulja u zavisnosti odsorte grožđa, moguće je prepoznati da li je hladnopresovano ulje dobijeno od semenki grožđa bezfermentacije, posle fermentacije ili posle destilacije.Takođe, sa aspekta boje ulja može se kazati da rafinisanoulje od semenki grožđa ima svetlo žutu boju sazelenkastom nijansom, dok su hladno presovana uljaintenzivnijih boja i kreću se od žuto-zelenkaste, prekozelenkasto žute i svetlo zelenkaste do tamno zelene. Većiudeo zelene boje imaju hladno presovana ulja od semenkigrožđa dobijenih posle destilacije.U radu je pokazano da sadržaj pigmenata (karotenoida ihlorofila) u velikoj meri zavisi od porekla semenki.Postupak fermentacije doprinosi povećanju sadržajapigmenata, dok postupak destilacije, zbog visokihtemperatura ima negativan efekat.Transparencija uzoraka hladno presovanih ulja odsemenki grožđa proizvedenih za potrebe disertacije kretalase od 32,8% do 53,8%.Sadržaj nezasićenih masnih kiselina u svim uzorcimaulja od semenki grožđa veći je od 90%, pri čemudominantnu masnu kiselinu čini linolna, omega-6, masnakiselina.Sadržaj tokotrienola je veći od sadržaja tokoferola u uljima od semenki grožđa, a dominantni tokoferol je alfatokoferol.Njegov sadržaj je veći u uzorcima ulja dobijenimiz semenki nakon fermentacije i destilacije.Sadržaj fenolnih jedinjenja, u zavisnosti od sorte, uproseku je nešto viši u hladno presovanim uljima dobijenimod crvene sorte grožđa, ali uočava se i značajan porast(akumulacija) fenola u hladno presovanim uljima dobijenimiz semenki grožđa nakon procesa fermentacije i destilacije.Najveći pojedinačni sadržaju u ulju od semenki grožđa imaursolna kiselina, a pored nje značajniji sadržaj, madamnogo manji, pokazuju rezveratrol, kemferol i vanilinskakiselina.Najzastupljeniji steroli ulja semenki grožđa su β-sitosterol sa udelom od 62,59-69,74%, stigmasterol saudelom od 12,13-15,00% i kampesterol sa udelom od 6,59-11,94% u ukupnim sterolima. Na sadržaj fitosterola uuljima od semenki grožđa nemaju uticaja procesifermentacije i destilacije kojima su podvrgnute semenkepre preosvanja.U radu je dokazan negativan uticaj procesa fermentacijei destilacije kojima su povrgnute semenke grožđa naantiradikalski potencijal dobijenih ulja. Antiradikalskipotencijal ulja od semenki grožđa zavisi i od sorte vinoveloze, kao i od načina dobijanja ulja (hladno presovano ilirafinisano).Procesi fermentacije i destilacije utiču i na osnovnihemijski kvalitet dobijenih hladno presovanih ulja na načinda dovode do povećanja kiselinskog i peroksidnog broja.Hladno presovana ulja od semenki grožđa pokazujudobru oksidativnu stabilnost. Rancimat test je pokazao razlike u indukcionom periodu hladno presovanih ulja odsemenki grožđa kao posledicu razlike u sorti, kao i unačinu dobijanja semenki. Proces fermentacije utiče napovećanje, a proces destilacije na smanjenje indukcionogperioda.Na osnovu svih dobijenih rezultata istraživanja može sekonstatovati da su hladno presovana ulja od semenkigrožđa pokazala različit nutritivni kvalitet i oksidativnustabilnost, zbog specifičnih razlika koje su posledica razlikau sorti i poreklu semenki, tj. zbog specifičnog efektafermentacije i destilacije na semenke od kojih je uljeproizvedeno, čime je i potvrđena hipoteza.
Raising new plantations and increasing the grapeprocessing capacity increases the amount of waste facedby the wine and brandy industry. The best and mostresponsible way of waste management is its furtherexploitation as by-products.In this dissertation, the possibility of using by-products from different stages of production in wineries and distilleries forobtaining grape seeds, which were used for the productionof cold pressed oil, was examined. The hypothesis isbased on the fact that grape seeds of various varietiesfrom different stages of wine production (white, rose or redwine), that is, brandy can have a completely differentchemical composition and quality that can certainly bereflected on the quality, bioactive components and stabilityof cold pressed oil.Such a product, as it is obtained by cold pressing, canbe very attractive to consumers, due to its specific sensoryand nutritional characteristics.For the needs of the dissertation, the by-products werecollected and samples were prepared from the wineriesand distilleries of the Fruška Gora vineyard. Seeds wereobtained and cold pressed oil produced from Merlot grapeseed, as representatives of red grape varieties, ItalianRiesling, as representatives of white grape varieties andSila, as new white grape varieties. Cold pressed oils wereproduced from grape seeds that did not undergo anytreatment, that is, they were obtained after pressing, duringthe production of white (Italian Riesling and Sila) and rose(Merlot) wines, then from the seeds that were fermentedduring the production of red wines (Merlot ) and seeds thathave undergone fermentation and distillation processduring the production of brandy (Merlot, Italian Riesling andSila). In addition to the mentioned seeds and oils, anaverage production sample was prepared, which is asample obtained from all collected seeds. Unrefined andrefined grape seed oil purchased on the market was usedas comparative samples. For realization of the set goal, the work on theperformance of this dissertation encompassed differentphases. In the first phase, grape seed were collected andtheir technical and technological characteristics and qualitywere examined. Then cold-pressed oils were producedfrom these seeds.In the following phases, the resulting ear, together with asample of unrefined and refined grape seed oil from themarket, were examined from the aspect of sensory andnutritional quality and differences in oil stability wereobserved. Sensory analysis was performed, pigmentatefractions, carotenoids and chlorophylls were determined,transparency was measured, and oil color parameterswere also determined instrumentally. The nutritive oilquality was examined based on the content andcomposition of bioactive components, primarily tocopherolsand tocotrienols, phenols and sterols. Since thesecompounds exhibit significant antioxidant activities, theantiradical activity of the samples was also tested. Thestability of grape seed oils was examined based on theinitial quality and the oxidative state, as well as the resultsof accelerated tests, such as Rancimat test, Schaal-ovenand fluorescence test.On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concludedthat all the obtained seed samples had good storagemoisture, which, given the small content of oil in the seeds,can ensure the storage of seeds for a longer period. Thecontent of oil in the seed, in addition to the influence of thegrape variety, depends on the influence of the process towhich the seeds are subjected to pressing (fermentation,distillation). Sensory analysis grape seed oils showed significantdifferences in characteristics that are due not only to themethod of obtaining oil (cold pressed or refined), grapevarieties, but also the method of obtaining, the origin andquality of grape seed. The conditions for grape seedsexposed during fermentation and especially distillationaffect the formation of a specific cold pressed oil. Althoughan extremely wide range of different flavors, odors andflavors in oil appear, and there are significant differences inthe aroma of the oil, depending on the grape variety, it ispossible to recognize whether the cold-pressed oil isderived from the grape seed without fermentation, afterfermentation or after distillation. Also, from the aspect of oilcolor it can be said that refined grape seed oil has a lightyellow color with a greenish shade, while cold pressedgrape seed oils have more intense colors range fromyellowish-greenish, over greenish yellow and light greenishto dark green. A higher proportion of green color has coldpressed grape seed oils obtained after distillation.The thesis has shown that the content of pigments(carotenoids and chlorophyll) depends to a great extent onthe origin of the seed. The fermentation processcontributes to increasing the content of pigments, while thedistillation process has a negative effect due to hightemperatures.Transparency of cold pressed grape seed oils producedfor the dissertation ranged from 32.8% to 53.8%.The content of unsaturated fatty acids in all samples ofgrape seed oil is greater than 90%, with the dominant fattyacid being linoleic, omega-6, fatty acid. The content of tocotrienols is higher than the content oftocopherols in grape seed oils, and the dominanttocopherol is alpha-tocopherol. Its content is higher in oilsamples obtained from the seed after fermentation anddistillation.The content of phenol compounds, depending on thevariety, is somewhat higher in cold pressed oils obtainedfrom red grape varieties, but there is also a significantincrease in accumulation of phenol in cold pressed oilsobtained from the grape seed after the fermentation anddistillation process. The largest individual oil content ofgrape seeds has ursolic acid, and besides it, significantcontent, although much smaller, shows rezveratrol,kemferol and vanillinic acid.The most prevalent sterols of grape seed oils are β-sitosterol with a share of 62.59-69.74%, stigmasterol with ashare of 12.13-15.00% and campesterol with a share of6.59-11.94% in total sterols. Fermentation and distilationprocesses, to which the seeds have been exposed, haveno effect on the content of phytosterols in grape seed oils.The paper has shown the negative influence of thefermentation and distillation process, to which the seedshave been exposed, onto the antiradical potential of theobtained oils. The antiradical potential of grape seed oilsdepends on grape varietes, as well as on the way oil isobtained (cold pressed or refined).Processes of fermentation and distillation also affect thebasic chemical quality of obtained cold pressed oils in sucha way as to increase the acid and peroxide values.Cold pressed grape seed oils show good oxidative stability. The Rancimat test showed differences in theinduction period of cold pressed grape seed oils as a resultof the variation in the variety, as well as in the method ofobtaining the seed. The fermentation process affects theincrease, and the process of distillation decreases theinduction period.Based on all the obtained results, it can be concludedthat cold pressed grape seed oils showed differentnutritional quality and oxidative stability due to specificdifferences resulting from differences in variety and seedorigin, i.e. due to the specific effect of fermentation anddistillation processes on the seeds from which the oil wasproduced, thus confirming the hypothesis.

On montre, qu'il est possible d'alkyler avec une bonne énantiosélectivité des énolates prochiraux au moyen d'agents électrophiles à nucléofuges chiraux dérivés du d(+)-glucose. La glycine est ainsi transformée en alanine avec excès énantiomère atteignant 75%. Mise en évidence du rôle des substituants R2 et R3 de l'imine dérivée de l'aminoacide. C'est ainsi qu'en encombrant la région syn de la base de Schiff, les excès énantiomères passent de 0 à 70%. De même des modifications de la structure de l'agent d'alkylation ont permis d'attribuer des centres d'asymétrie importants dans le phénomène de l'induction

U disertaciji je predložen metod za proračun kompleksnih kratkih spojeva u aktivnim, neuravnoteženim distributivnim mrežama velikih dimenzija. Predloženim metodom je moguće proračunavati kompleksne kratke spojeve sa proizvoljno izabranim brojem čvorova i brojem faza zahvaćenih kratkim spojem, bez prethodnog komplikovanog izvođenja uslova kratkog spoja. Različiti kratki spojevi se definišu jednostavnom inspekcijom. Pored toga, svi elementi distributivne mreže su modelovani dovoljno preciznim modelima, uključujući i savremene distribuirane energetske izvore. Posebna pažnja je posvećena ovim elementima i izvođenju njihovoh modela pogodnim za proračune kratkih spojeva mreža velikih dimenzija, s obzirom da ti modeli do sada nisu bili razvijeni, a broj ovih uređaja u distributivnim mrežama je sve veći. Predloženim metodom je moguće proračunavati neuravnotežene sisteme u nesimetričnim režimima pre kratkog spoja, a proračun se vrši u domenu simetričnih komponenti. Ova činjenica čini predloženi metod izuzetno brzim i pogodnim za “on-line mode” distributivnog menadžment sistema. Numerički rezultati na nekoliko reprezentativnih mreža jasno prikazuju prednost predloženog metoda u odnosu na postojeće metode za proračune kratkih spojeva distributtivnih mreža.
In this dissertation a calculation method for quantifying the impact of complex short-circuits on active unbalanced distribution systems is proposed. Unlike previous distribution system short-circuit calculations, the proposed method is capable of solving complex short-circuits with an arbitrary number of faulted busses and phases, without predefining the boundary (fault) conditions. Different short-circuits are defined by simple inspection of these faults. Moreover, all distribution system elements are appropriately modeled and integrated in the proposed method, including electronically coupled distributed energy resources (DERs). The development of new models for these DERs, suitable for on-line calculations of large-scale systems, is specially stressed as these models have not been developed yet. Finally, the proposed calculation procedure is capable of solving unbalanced systems, including mutually coupled sections, in unsymmetrical pre-fault states, and it is performed in the sequence domain. This makes the proposed method particularly fast and suitable for online distribution system analysis. The computation results show the advantages of the proposed method relative to previous short-circuit calculation methods, regarding both the required calculation time and the accuracy.

Les propriétés électrochimiques des complexes co-base de Schiff (phenylene-bis(salicylideneiminoto)-co, ou Co(II)saloph, et n-methylenepropylene-bis-(salicylideneiminoto)-co, ou co-selnmedpt) et de tetraphenylporphine-co, ou CoTPP, sont utilisées pour étudier la réduction électroassistée d'halogénures organiques, Rx, avec un catalyseur fixe sur support conducteur, en milieu organique. On étudie: 1) la réduction du chlorure de benzyle électrocatalysée par des électrodes de graphite modifiées par du co-saloph et 2) l'oxydation par l'oxygène moléculaire du di-tert-butylphenol, électrocatalysée par des films de polypyrrole contenant la porphyrine mntcpp.

Mass spectrometry is a versatile analytical tool for chemical and biomolecule identification, quantitation, and structural analysis. Tandem mass spectrometry further expands the applications of mass spectrometry, making it more than a mere detector. With tandem mass spectrometry, the mass spectrometer is capable of probing reaction mechanisms, monitoring reaction processes, and performing fast analysis on complex samples. In tandem mass spectrometry, after activation the precursor ions fragment into small fragment ions through one or more pathways, which are affected by the ion’s inherit property, the ion type, and the activation method. To obtain complementary information, one can alter the fragmentation pathway by changing the ion via ion charge manipulation and covalent modification to the ion. Gas-phase ion/ion reactions provide an easy approach to changing ion type and facile modification to the analyte ions. It has been extensively used for spectrum simplification and analyte structural studies. In this dissertation, ion/ion reaction facilitated mass spectrometry methods are studied, and explorations into the method development involving front-end mass spectrometer are discussed.
The first work demonstrates a special rearrangement reaction for gas-phase Schiff-base-modified peptides. Gas-phase Schiff-base modification of peptides has been applied to facilitate the primary structural characterization via tandem mass spectrometry. A major or minor fragment pathway related to the novel rearrangement reaction was observed upon in-trap collisional activation of the gas-phase Schiff-base-modified peptides. The rearrangement reaction involves the imine of the Schiff base and a nucleophile present in the polypeptide. The occurrence of the rearrangement reaction is affected by several factors, such as ion polarity, identity of the nucleophile in the peptide (e.g., side chains of lysine, histidine, and arginine), and the position of the nucleophile relative to the imine. The rearrangement reaction does not affect the amount of structural information that can be obtained by collisional activation of the Schiff-base-modified peptide, but when the rearrangement reaction is dominant, it can siphon away signal from the structurally diagnostic processes.
Efforts have also been put into the method development of peptide and protein aggregation detection via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). People have studied peptide and protein aggregation processes to understand the mechanism of amyloid-related diseases and to control the quality of the peptide and protein pharmaceuticals. ESI-MS is suitable for solution aggregation studies because of its compatibility with solution samples and the straightforward result of the analyte’s oligomeric state on the mass spectrum. However, peak overlap issue and nonspecific aggregation in the ESI process can obscure the result. Here, the application of proton transfer ion/ion reaction to the analyte has been found useful to reduce or eliminate the peak overlap issue. A statistical model based on Poisson statistics has been proposed to deal with the ESI-induced nonspecific aggregation in the droplet and to differentiate the solution-phase aggregation from the droplet-induced aggregation. Factors that affect the accuracy of the statistical model have been discussed with MATLAB simulations.
In the era of biological system studies, sample complexity is a challenge every analytical chemist has to face. The analysis of complex sample can be facilitated by the combination of separation techniques outside the mass spectrometer (such as differential mobility spectrometry (DMS)) and ion structure probing techniques inside the mass spectrometer (such as tandem mass spectrometry and gas-phase ion/ion reactions). Here the coupling method between DMS and ion/ion reaction is developed and tested with model peptide systems to demonstrate its possible application in complex sample characterization such as isomer identification.

The Franciscan Complex forms the structurally complicated, locally chaotic basement of the Northern and Central California and southwestern Oregon Coast Ranges. It is an accretionary wedge formed during the Late- Jurassic-Tertiary subduction along the west coast of North America. In northern California, the Franciscan is subdivided into three belts, the Western, Central, and Coastal belts, which show a zonation in age, metamorphic “grade”, and structural style. Franciscan mélanges are present in the Central belt, as well as the Diablo Range --a tectonic window within the structurally overlying Great Valley Group--, and the Nacimiento Block, where the study area is located. One of the best exposures of Franciscan mélange, where contact relationships between blocks and matrix can be observed, crops out along 6 km of seacliffs near San Simeon. Boudinaged blocks of graywacke, greenstone, chert, and much rarer blueschist and graphite-schist are ix dispersed in the shale matrix. Block sizes range from 10 cm to 15 m. The discovery of interlayered blueschist and graphite-schists, and the presence of lawsonite in some graphite-schists demonstrates that these two lithologies were metamorphosed together. Graphite-schist blocks in the Franciscan have not been reported prior to this study. Two main mineral assemblages were recognized among the studied 34 mafic blueschist blocks: 1) Lws + Na-amp + Pmp + Phe + Ttn + Chl recrystallized at ~5 kbar and 200-250°C, and 2) Lws + Na-amp + Pmp + Phe + Ttn + Ep + Chl, which recrystallized under slightly higher temperatures but similar pressures (300-350°C, at 5 kbar). A pre-blueschist facies metamorphic event under greenschist facies conditions is recorded by calcic cores overprinted by Na-amp rims in about half of the blocks. Sodic amphibole rims with a higher Fe3+ content probably developed due to the breakdown of epidote during a decrease in T. These mafic blueschists followed a counterclockwise P-T path. Remnants of “actinolitic rinds”, which are reaction zones formed when the blocks were in contact with serpentine, were found associated with nine of the studied mafic blueschist blocks. Such rinds were thought to be unique to better-studied Franciscan high-T blocks. Graphite-schist blocks (30 studied) contain Qtz + Phen + Ab + Gr, and are of two types. One type has relict sedimentary textures with a weak foliation defined by graphite and pressure solution seams. The other type has a compositional layering with layers containing well recrystallized quartz. Nine of these blocks also contain lawsonite within the more graphitic layers. The geochemistry of the blueschist blocks indicates that they were derived from the MORB-like oceanic crust, and seamounts underplated during the initiation of subduction. The mainly mafic protolith contained a small volume of interlayered sediment, as indicated by the presence of associated metasedimentary graphite-schists. Blueschist facies conditions were attained at the bottom of the overriding plate during the initial states of Franciscan subduction (150-155 Ma). Mafic material continued to be underplated, and low-T dynamic blueschist-facies metamorphism continued to form until at least ~137 Ma. A model is proposed in which exhumation was facilitated by normal faulting near the surface driven by gravitational collapse driven by decrease in subduction plate dip around 80 Ma that is known to have caused the Laramide orogeny. During this time, blueschist and graphite-schist blocks were plucked from the bottom of the hanging wall, incorporated into the shaleand water-rich shear zone at the plate interface, and exhumed during the upward flow of mélange driven by the movement of the downgoing plate. Blocks were extended and boudinaged, and metasomatically altered in the cataclastic zones that developed along necks and margins of the blocks during upwelling and the dewatering that led to final compaction near the surface.
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