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1

Hosokawa, Akira, Naoya Hirose, Takashi Ueda, Tomohiro Koyano, and Tatsuaki Furumoto. "High-Quality End Milling of CFRP – Inclination Milling with High-Helix End Mill –." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 3 (2016): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0372.

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Side milling tests of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) containing thermosetting resin are carried out by TiAlN/AlCrN-coated, H2-free DLC (diamond-like carbon)-coated, and CVD diamond-coated carbide end mills without coolant. Two types of end mills having different helix angles of 30° and 60° are used. The film thickness and surface smoothness are varied for the DLC-coated end mills. The cutting characteristics are evaluated by tool wear and surface integrity (i.e., 3D profiles of the machined surface, generation of fluffing, delamination, and pull-out of the carbon fibers). The cutting
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2

Kogusu, Shinichi, Takakazu Ishimatsu, and Yasuhiko Ougiya. "Rapid Generation of Surface Dimples Using End Milling." International Journal of Automation Technology 1, no. 1 (2007): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2007.p0045.

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Structured surfaces on metal are often employed to enhance lubricating features, reduce the hydrodynamic drag force along wings and also decorate the metal surfaces for architectural ornament. It is important to note that only horizontal movements of a ball-end mill at high feed speed generate the indented surface on metal surfaces. In this paper we propose a technique to estimate the dimples generated on the metal surfaces using a machining center with an oval-end mill. Firstly, a technique to simulate the generating process of the dimples with the machining center is explained. The technique
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3

Nakao, Takeshi. "End surface reflection type surface acoustic wave device." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, no. 4 (2007): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2723993.

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4

Narita, Hirohisa, Keiichi Shirase, Eiji Arai, and Hideo Fujimoto. "Trial Surface-Property Prediction in End-Mill Operation." International Journal of Automation Technology 4, no. 3 (2010): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2010.p0229.

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Because surface precision is an important factor in machined surfaces, we propose a model for predicting surface properties in end-mill operation. Prediction considers cutting edges including a cutting tool movement and rotation and cutter runout and vibration. Experiments confirmed the model’s feasibility.
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5

Perko, Roland, Hannes Raggam, and Peter M. Roth. "Mapping with Pléiades—End-to-End Workflow." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (2019): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172052.

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In this work, we introduce an end-to-end workflow for very high-resolution satellite-based mapping, building the basis for important 3D mapping products: (1) digital surface model, (2) digital terrain model, (3) normalized digital surface model and (4) ortho-rectified image mosaic. In particular, we describe all underlying principles for satellite-based 3D mapping and propose methods that extract these products from multi-view stereo satellite imagery. Our workflow is demonstrated for the Pléiades satellite constellation, however, the applied building blocks are more general and thus also appl
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6

Biondani, Francesco, Giuliano Bissacco, and Hans Nørgaard Hansen. "Surface topography analysis of ball end milled tool steel surfaces." Procedia CIRP 87 (2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.03.002.

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7

Mason, Ralf, Claire A. Jalbert, Patricia A. V. O'Rourke Muisener, et al. "Surface energy and surface composition of end-fluorinated polystyrene." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 94, no. 1-3 (2001): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8686(01)00051-3.

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8

Yang, Jian, Michael Soltz, Heinrich Russell, et al. "Surface Deformation Analysis of End-to-End Stapled Intestinal Anastomosis." Surgical Innovation 19, no. 3 (2011): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350611426566.

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9

Liow, Jong Leng, and Ulrich Frye. "Surfaces Machined by Micro End-Mills at Constant Chip Load." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.232.

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The surfaces of Al6061, machined by 150 μm two flute micro end-mills, were studied to determine their roughness. The surface roughness, Ra, was less than 100 nm but the Ra/Rz ratio ranged from 0.03–0.12. The surface roughness was found to improve with increasing width of cut and to a lesser extent with increasing feed rate. A single pass of the end-mill was found to produce a smoother surface than two passes over the same surface. The surface roughness was found to correspond to the diameter of the end mill and the slope of the secondary cutting edge. To reduce the surface roughness, smaller d
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10

Qin, Yu Xia, Ji Hong Jia, Zhi Wei, Mei Lin Gu, Tong Hui Li, and Yu Tao Wang. "Ball End Milling of Glass with Inclined Cutter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.195.

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This study deals with the effect of tool–surface inclination on cutting forces in ball end milling .Since glass undergoes almost no elastic deformation, the shape of the cutter in glass machining has a larger influence on surface finish than that of metal machining. Model of geometry and tilt tool milling process is established. A double helix micro-flute ball end mill made of cemented carbide is used in the groove milling tests with radius 0.5mm at a helix angle of 30°. The rotational axis of the tool is inclined to improve the surface finish. The cutting processes are modeled, and 3-directio
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11

Sollapur, Shrishail, Prasanna Raut, Devakant Baviskar, and Dr Mahesh M. Kawade. "An ANN Approach to Determine the Surface Roughness in End Milling Cutter." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 1 (2024): 4360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0124.0333.

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12

Vickers, G. W., and K. W. Quan. "Ball-Mills Versus End-Mills for Curved Surface Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 111, no. 1 (1989): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3188728.

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The use of end-mills for machining low curvature surfaces is examined in relation to the more popular ball-mills. End-mills are shown to give a better match to the required surface geometry and hence reduce the number of surface passes required. They also have a much better efficiency of material removal and longer tool life. It is shown that the use of end-mills for curved surface work can typically reduce the overall cutting time by a factor of twenty-four.
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13

Varga, Ján, Peter Ižol, Marek Vrabeľ, Ľuboš Kaščák, Mário Drbúl, and Jozef Brindza. "Surface Quality Evaluation in the Milling Process Using a Ball Nose End Mill." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (2023): 10328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810328.

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Shaped surfaces are increasingly used in the field of mold-making for casting or injection molding, where future products include shapes with different curvatures. These are surfaces that form convex curves, concave curves, or a combination thereof. Given these machined surfaces, it is important to know the impact of the finishing strategies on these surfaces. This paper deals with the comparison of finishing milling strategies in the production of shaped surfaces and the analysis of different methods for the evaluation of surface topography. In addition, the experimental results evaluate the
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14

Sepanj, M. Hadi, Saed Moradi, Amir Nazemi, Claire Preston, Anthony M. D. Lee, and Paul Fieguth. "From Single Shot to Structure: End-to-End Network-Based Deflectometry for Specular Free-Form Surface Reconstruction." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 10824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142310824.

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Deflectometry is a key component in the precise measurement of specular (mirrored) surfaces; however, traditional methods often lack an end-to-end approach that performs 3D reconstruction in a single shot with high accuracy and generalizes across different free-form surfaces. This paper introduces a novel deep neural network (DNN)-based approach for end-to-end 3D reconstruction of free-form specular surfaces using single-shot deflectometry. Our proposed network, VUDNet, innovatively combines discriminative and generative components to accurately interpret orthogonal fringe patterns and generat
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15

Fala, Nicoletta, Tiffany T. Le, Karen Marais, and Payuna Uday. "Surface Performance of End-Around Taxiways." Air Traffic Control Quarterly 22, no. 4 (2014): 327–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/atcq.22.4.327.

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16

Hutchings, Lian R., Amilcar Pillay Narrainen, Stuart M. Eggleston, Nigel Clarke, and Richard L. Thompson. "Surface-active fluorocarbon end-functionalized polylactides." Polymer 47, no. 24 (2006): 8116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.050.

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17

Mandeville, A., and R. W. Jackson. "Surface mount end-fire antenna package." Electronics Letters 45, no. 7 (2009): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2009.3016.

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18

Yusof, Fatiha Naziera, and Mohd Fauzi Ismail. "Unravelling Tool Edge Trajectory Patterns: Implications on Surface Roughness in End Milling Process." Journal of Mechanical Engineering SI 12, no. 1 (2023): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v12i1.24639.

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This study examines the effect of end milling on surface roughness in modern manufacturing. Mathematical equations simulate and analyse the tool edge trajectory of a two-flute end mill during end milling. The results are refined using MATLAB and watershed segmentation. An aluminium alloy flat bar is end-milled using a CNC milling machine for the experimental phase. Optical 3D surface measurements provide roughness data for analysis. The study shows that higher spindle speeds produce smoother surfaces with improved surface quality. The correlation matrix analysis highlights the significance of
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19

Bhopale, Nandkumar N., Raju S. Pawade, and Suhas S. Joshi. "Surface quality analysis in ball end milling of Inconel 718 cantilevers by response surface methodology." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 4 (2016): 628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415600140.

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The ball end milling process is commonly used for generating complex three-dimensional sculptured surfaces with definite curvature. In such cases, variation of surface properties along with the machined surface is not well understood. Therefore, this article investigates the effect of machining parameters on the quality of surface in ball end milling of thin-shaped cantilever of Inconel 718. A distinct variation is also observed in the measured values of deflection of workpiece: surface roughness and surface damage in different regions, that is, fixed end, mid portion and free end of machined
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20

Li, Yan, Hao Liu, and Aili Zhang. "End-to-End Simulation of WCOM IMI Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval." Remote Sensing 11, no. 3 (2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030217.

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The Water Cycle Observation Mission (WCOM) is an Earth science mission focused on the observation of the water cycle global climate change intensity through three different payloads. WCOM’s main payload is an interferometric microwave imager (IMI). IMI is a tri-frequency, one-dimensional aperture synthesis microwave radiometer operating at the L-, S-, and C-bands to perform measurements of soil moisture and ocean salinity. Focusing on sea surface salinity (SSS), an end-to-end simulator of WCOM/IMI has been realized and tested on climatological data. Results indicate a general agreement between
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21

Lin, Kuo Feng, and Wen Feng Hsieh. "Electronic Structures and Surface States of ZnO Finite Well Structures." Solid State Phenomena 151 (April 2009): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.151.208.

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Electronic band structures and surface states were investigated for ZnO finite wells or slabs grown along <0001> and <1-100> directions using tight binding representation. The dangling bonds on two end-surfaces caused surface bands for different directions grown slabs, of which the wavefunctions tend to localize at the end surfaces. The increasing splitting of the degenerate surface bands at the Γ point was observed decreasing with the thickness of the nonpolar [1-100] slab. And, the quantum confinement effect is distinctively enhanced by the extra electron-field induced in the &lt
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22

Mgherony, Abdulwahab, and Balázs Mikó. "The Effect of the Cutting Speed on the Surface Roughness When Ball-End Milling." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 49, no. 2 (2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33927/hjic-2021-14.

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Using freeform surfaces in advanced industries is becoming ubiquitous and widely applied in many fields such as the aerospace, automobile, consumer products as well as the die and mold industries. The ball-end mill is mainly used in machining such surfaces. However, the manufacture of this type of surface is still somewhat difficult when machining using a 3D ball-end milling machine. Due to changes in the surface inclination, the working diameter of the tool also changes. Variations in the working diameter leads to an unstable cutting speed, affecting the roughness homogeneity of the smoothed
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23

Ekici, Cumali, Yasin Ünlütürk, Mustafa Dede, and B. S. Ryuh. "On Motion of Robot End-Effector Using the Curvature Theory of Timelike Ruled Surfaces with Timelike Rulings." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2008 (2008): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/362783.

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The trajectory of a robot end-effector is described by a ruled surface and a spin angle about the ruling of the ruled surface. In this way, the differential properties of motion of the end-effector are obtained from the well-known curvature theory of a ruled surface. The curvature theory of a ruled surface generated by a line fixed in the end-effector referred to as the tool line is used for more accurate motion of a robot end-effector. In the present paper, we first defined tool trihedron in which tool line is contained for timelike ruled surface with timelike ruling, and transition relations
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24

Ben-Yami, Maya, Hilke Oetjen, Helen Brindley, et al. "Emissivity retrievals with FORUM's end-to-end simulator: challenges and recommendations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 6 (2022): 1755–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1755-2022.

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Abstract. Spectral emissivity is a key property of the Earth's surface, of which only very few measurements exist so far in the far-infrared (FIR) spectral region, even though recent work has shown that the FIR is important for accurate modelling of the global climate. The European Space Agency's 9th Earth Explorer, FORUM (Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring) will provide the first global spectrally resolved measurements of the Earth's top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) spectrum in the FIR. In clear-sky conditions with low water vapour content, these measurements will provide
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Udrea, Mircea. "Laser polishing of optical fiber end surface." Optical Engineering 40, no. 9 (2001): 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1390517.

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26

KORETA, Noriyuki, Hiroyuki SAKAI, Hiroaki EZAKI, and Noriaki NAGAYOSI. "Surface Integrity in Ball Nose End Milling." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2007.4 (2007): 7A101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2007.4.7a101.

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27

Narrainen, Amilcar Pillay, Nigel Clarke, Stuart M. Eggleston, Lian R. Hutchings, and Richard L. Thompson. "Surface adsorption of polar end-functionalised polystyrenes." Soft Matter 2, no. 11 (2006): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b608688h.

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Yuan, Yanjie, Xiubing Jing, Kornel F. Ehmann, and Dawei Zhang. "Surface roughness modeling in micro end-milling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 95, no. 5-8 (2017): 1655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1278-x.

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29

Murat, Michael, and Gary S. Grest. "Polymers end-grafted onto a cylindrical surface." Macromolecules 24, no. 3 (1991): 704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00003a012.

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Fenley, Sérgio R. "End periodic surface homeomorphisms and 3-manifolds." Mathematische Zeitschrift 224, no. 1 (1997): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00004576.

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31

Han, Shi Guo, Jun Zhao, and Xiao Feng Zhang. "Surface Topography and Roughness Simulations for 5-Axis Ball-End Milling." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.471.

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In five-axis high speed milling of freeform surface with ball-end cutters, unwanted machining results are usually introduced by some error effects. Hence precise modeling and simulation of milled sculptured surfaces topography and roughness is the key to obtain optimal process parameters, satisfactory surface quality and high machining efficiency. In this paper, a predictive model for sculptured surface topography and roughness of ball-end milling is developed. Firstly, a mathematical model including both the relative motion of the cutter-workpiece couple and some influential factors on machin
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Barun, Kumar. "An Anatomical and Topographic Study to Discover the Nutrient Foramen of the Clavicle." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13, no. 4 (2021): 146–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14201856.

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<strong>Aim:</strong>&nbsp;The aim of the present study was to determine the nutrient foramen of clavicle an anatomical and topographic.&nbsp;<strong>Methods:</strong>&nbsp;The study material consisted of 120 dry human clavicles of unknown age and sex, without any deformity or fracture, which were collected from the Department of Anatomy, Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, India. All the bones were macroscopically observed using magnifying hand lens for the number, position and direction of the nutrient foramina. The nutrient foramina were identified by the presen
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Wei, Zhao Cheng, Min Jie Wang, Wu Chu Tang, and Liang Wang. "Tool Deflection Error Regularization and Compensation in End Milling of Contour Surfaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 1341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1341.

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This paper presents a new approach of tool deflection error regularization and compensation in end milling of contour surfaces. The material removal rate (MRR) is adopted as the dominant factor of surface dimensional error. A mathematics model of determining the MRR in generalized contour surfaces machining is proposed. Feedrate scheduling methodology is applied to regulate a constant MRR along curved tool path. The expectation with the constant MRR is that it will potentially produce a constant surface dimensional error. Thus, the compensation can be conveniently achieved by offsetting the no
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34

Tsao, Chung Chen. "Cutting Performance and Predictive Models for End Milling Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.646.

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End milling is considered to be one of the most commonly applied for both roughing and finishing operations to make flat surfaces, slots and pockets in precision molds and dies. Predictive models were developed for cutting force, flank wear and surface roughness in end milling aluminum alloy by regression analysis. The correlation coefficients for cutting force, flank wear and surface roughness equations were 91.6 %, 89.8 % and 79.6 %, respectively. The goal of these predictive equations is to become a good assistant to the researcher in understanding the machining process. Through the analysi
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Beňo, Jozef, Jozef Stahovec, and Marek Vrabel'. "Investigation of the Surface Quality when End–Ball–Milling Form Surfaces with Sequence of the Radii Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 474 (January 2014): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.474.224.

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This paper deals with a methodology of identifying surface quality when endball milling form surfaces which are applied in tool making. This methodology was developed for the 3D milling process and it consists of following parts as design of the samples, surface milling and checking surfaces with different sequence of radii ratio. That sequence was used to model real form surfaces applied in tool making. Based on the defined measurability of the surface roughness, two milling strategies have been applied to produce radii sequence. In order to prevent undesired cusp formation in the 3D milling,
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NATSU, Wataru, Kazuki TAKIGUCHI, Tomohiko ICHIKAWA, and Zuyuan YU. "1115 Micro-Probe Fabrication Utilizing Abnormal Wear on Tool End-Surface in Micro-EDM." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2015.8 (2015): _1115–1_—_1115–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2015.8._1115-1_.

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37

Ponomarev, B. B., and S. H. Nguyen. "Evaluation of Surface Roughness in Five-Axis Ball-End Milling." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 05 (722) (May 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-5-21-31.

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Unlike three-axis machining, five-axis machining allows the end tool or workpiece to be oriented at any angle relative to the machine axis OZ. It can be achieved by changing the values of the tool tilt angle and lead angle relative to the surface normal in the contact zone of the tool surface and the workpiece, taking into account the direction of the table feed. The article presents experimental results of analyzing the influences of tool orientation on transverse roughness during ball end milling using 2-flute and 4-flute 8 mm diameter mills. The analysis the arithmetic mean deviation of the
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Yang, Shucai, Song Yu, and Chunsheng He. "The Surface Integrity of Titanium Alloy When Using Micro-Textured Ball-End Milling Cutters." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010021.

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Processing certain kinds of micro-textures onto the surface of tools can improve their wear resistance, reduce the friction between them and machined surfaces, prolong their service life and improve their processing efficiency. When milling titanium alloy with ball-end milling cutters, the cutting force and the cutting heat causes plastic deformation and a concentration of stress on workpiece surfaces, damaging their surface integrity. In this paper, we report on a test involving the milling of titanium alloy, where a micro-texture was placed onto the front of a ball-end cutter and the surface
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Cui, Youzheng, Fengjuan Wang, Qingming Hu, and Wei Zhang. "Study on Antifatigue Crack Growth Characteristics of Ball-End Milling Bionic Surface." Coatings 12, no. 3 (2022): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12030327.

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The surface morphology of parts has an important influence on service performance, such as wear resistance, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. For example, the fatigue fracture resistance of the surface of the automobile cover mold directly determines the quality of the workpiece and the service life of the mold. In nature, the pit-shaped non-smooth form of the surface of certain organisms has good fatigue resistance. Using laser processing and other methods to prepare a pit-shaped bionic non-smooth surface on the surface of the part is an effective method to improve the fatigue res
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Liu, Qi, Jian Cheng, Zhirong Liao, et al. "Fractal Analysis on Machined Surface Morphologies of Soft-Brittle KDP Crystals Processed by Micro Ball-End Milling." Materials 16, no. 5 (2023): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051782.

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The micro-defects on KH2PO4 (KDP) optic surfaces are mainly repaired by the micro-milling technique, while it is very easy to introduce brittle cracks on repaired surfaces, as KDP is soft and brittle. To estimate machined surface morphologies, the conventional method is surface roughness, but it fails to distinguish ductile-regime machining from brittle-regime machining directly. To achieve this objective, it is of great significance to explore new evaluation methods to further characterize machined surface morphologies. In this study, the fractal dimension (FD) was introduced to characterize
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Fabian, Michal, Peter Ižol, Dagmar Draganovská, and Miroslav Tomáš. "Influence of the CAM Parameters and Selection of End-Mill Cutter when Assessing the Resultant Surface Quality in 3D Milling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 474 (January 2014): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.474.267.

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The paper deals with the effects of CAM data needed to produce desired quality of shaped surfaces in forming dies making. In general, the input CAM data have strong influence to the final surface quality. The shaped surfaces 3D milling has been modeled as end ball milling of the surfaces with defined inclination. The end ball milling is the most common way to finish shaped surfaces. Directions of the milling tools motion and applied cutting conditions have been used to simulate data when setting milling strategies. The resultant machined surface quality has been identified in terms of the surf
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Бишутин, Сергей, Sergey Bishutin, Алла Козленкова, and Alla Kozlenkova. "PECULIARITIES IN ROUGHNESS FORMATION OF CONJUGATE CYLINDRICAL AND END SURFACES OF PARTS AT GRINDING WITH ONE TOOL." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2019, no. 6 (2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5d10851f643d17.66485210.

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The paper reports the study of peculiarities in the roughness formation of conjugate cylindrical and end surfaces of machinery at their simultaneous grind-ing with the disk periphery and the end. &#x0D; The analytical dependences for the computation of altitude and step parameters of surface roughness at simultaneous grinding with disk periphery and butt are obtained the authenticity of which is confirmed in the course of experimental investigations. It is defined that altitude and step roughness parameters of cylindrical surfaces and end surfaces conjugate with them after their simultaneous g
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Vient, Jean-Marie, Ronan Fablet, Frédéric Jourdin, and Christophe Delacourt. "End-to-End Neural Interpolation of Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Suspended Sediment Concentrations." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (2022): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14164024.

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The characterization of suspended sediment dynamics in the coastal ocean provides key information for both scientific studies and operational challenges regarding, among others, turbidity, water transparency and the development of micro-organisms using photosynthesis, which is critical to primary production. Due to the complex interplay between natural and anthropogenic forcings, the understanding and monitoring of the dynamics of suspended sediments remain highly challenging. Numerical models still lack the capabilities to account for the variability depicted by in situ and satellite-derived
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Kumar, Jatish, Xingzhan Wei, Steven Barrow, Alison M. Funston, K. George Thomas, and Paul Mulvaney. "Surface plasmon coupling in end-to-end linked gold nanorod dimers and trimers." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, no. 12 (2013): 4258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp44657c.

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Pafitanis, Georgios, Damjan Veljanoski, Ali M. Ghanem, and Simon Myers. "Intimal Surface Suture Line (End-Product) Assessment of End-to-Side Microvascular Anastomosis." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 5, no. 7 (2017): e1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000001409.

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Li, Xuemei, Ting Song, and Xilin Guo. "DNA methylation detection with end-to-end nanorod assembly-enhanced surface plasmon resonance." Analyst 140, no. 18 (2015): 6230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an01015b.

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Oşan, Andrei, Mihai Bănică, and Vasile Năsui. "Processing of convex complex surfaces with toroidal milling versus ball nose end mill." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817801003.

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The paper aims to analyse the processing of convex complex surfaces with toroidal milling cutters compared to spherical milling cutters. As comparison terms, surface roughness and processing time are taken into account. The main purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of the toroidal milling tool that can be replaced in case of spherical milling cuts to improve the working time as well as the surface quality, these terms playing an important role in the processing of convex complex surfaces.
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Elber, G., and R. Fish. "5-Axis Freeform Surface Milling Using Piecewise Ruled Surface Approximation." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 3 (1997): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831117.

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This paper presents a 5-axis side milling scheme for freeform surfaces based on automatic piecewise ruled surface approximation. With this scheme, resulting surface finish is accurate and pleasing, and has a smaller scallop height compared to ball-end milling. The ruled surface approximation can be made arbitrarily precise resulting in an overall fast milling operation that satisfies tight tolerances, and smoother surface finish. The class of surfaces that can take advantage of this type of 5-axis milling operation includes both convex and saddle-like (hyperbolic) shapes.
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Reddy, Moola Mohan, Alexander Gorin, K. A. Abou-El-Hossein, and D. Sujan. "Surface Roughness Model when Machining Aluminum Nitride Ceramic with Two Flute Square End Micro Grain Solid Carbide End Mill." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.282.

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This research presents the performance of Aluminum Nitride ceramic in end milling using two flute square end micro grain solid carbide end mill under dry cutting. Surface finish is one of the important requirements in the machining process. This paper describes mathematically the effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness in end milling process. The quadratic model for the surface roughness has been developed in terms of cutting speed, feed rate, and axial depth of cut using the response surface methodology (RSM). Design of experiments approach was employed in developing the surface rou
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Yu, Xiaoqiang, Ping Wang, and Zexu Zhang. "Learning-Based End-to-End Path Planning for Lunar Rovers with Safety Constraints." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030796.

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Path planning is an essential technology for lunar rover to achieve safe and efficient autonomous exploration mission, this paper proposes a learning-based end-to-end path planning algorithm for lunar rovers with safety constraints. Firstly, a training environment integrating real lunar surface terrain data was built using the Gazebo simulation environment and a lunar rover simulator was created in it to simulate the real lunar surface environment and the lunar rover system. Then an end-to-end path planning algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning method is designed, including state spac
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