Relevant bibliographies by topics / End use water models

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'End use water models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "End use water models"

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White, S., G. Milne, and C. Riedy. "End use analysis: issues and lessons." Water Supply 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0043.

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Methodologies for end use analysis have been developed by different researchers in the energy and water fields and in different areas in the world over the last 20 years. While there are core features associated with the methodologies and models used, the differences can provide insight into the ways that they might be improved, as well as the differences that may be required in different regions and when models are used for different purposes. In addition to reviewing the field of end use analysis and appliance stock models, this paper will focus on two case studies. The first is the Sydney W
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Cahill, R., J. R. Lund, B. DeOreo, and J. Medellín-Azuara. "Household water use and conservation models using Monte Carlo techniques." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 10 (October 15, 2013): 3957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3957-2013.

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Abstract. The increased availability of end use measurement studies allows for mechanistic and detailed approaches to estimating household water demand and conservation potential. This study simulates water use in a single-family residential neighborhood using end-water-use parameter probability distributions generated from Monte Carlo sampling. This model represents existing water use conditions in 2010 and is calibrated to 2006–2011 metered data. A two-stage mixed integer optimization model is then developed to estimate the least-cost combination of long- and short-term conservation actions
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Cahill, R., J. R. Lund, B. DeOreo, and J. Medellín-Azuara. "Household water use and conservation models using Monte Carlo techniques." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2013): 4869–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-4869-2013.

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Abstract. The increased availability of water end use measurement studies allows for more mechanistic and detailed approaches to estimating household water demand and conservation potential. This study uses, probability distributions for parameters affecting water use estimated from end use studies and randomly sampled in Monte Carlo iterations to simulate water use in a single-family residential neighborhood. This model represents existing conditions and is calibrated to metered data. A two-stage mixed integer optimization model is then developed to estimate the least-cost combination of long
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Sebri, Maamar. "ANN versus SARIMA models in forecasting residential water consumption in Tunisia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 3 (February 15, 2013): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.031.

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Water scarcity and increasing water demand, especially for residential end-use, are major challenges facing Tunisia. The need to accurately forecast water consumption is useful for the planning and management of this natural resource. In the current study, quarterly time series of household water consumption in Tunisia was forecast using a comparative analysis between the traditional Box–Jenkins method and an artificial neural networks approach. In particular, an attempt was made to test the effectiveness of data preprocessing, such as detrending and deseasonalization, on the accuracy of neura
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Rummukainen, M., J. Räisänen, D. Bjørge, J. H. Christensen, O. B. Christensen, T. Iversen, K. Jylhä, H. Ólafsson, and H. Tuomenvirta. "Regional Climate Scenarios for use in Nordic Water Resources Studies." Hydrology Research 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2003.0014.

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According to global climate projections, a substantial global climate change will occur during the next decades, under the assumption of continuous anthropogenic climate forcing. Global models, although fundamental in simulating the response of the climate system to anthropogenic forcing are typically geographically too coarse to well represent many regional or local features. In the Nordic region, climate studies are conducted in each of the Nordic countries to prepare regional climate projections with more detail than in global ones. Results so far indicate larger temperature changes in the
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Lee, Soo-Jin, You-Jeong Kim, Hye-Sun Jin, Sung-Im Kim, Soo-Yeon Ha, and Seung-Yeong Song. "Residential End-Use Energy Estimation Models in Korean Apartment Units through Multiple Regression Analysis." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122327.

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The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical regression model for predicting end-use energy consumption in the residential sector. To this end, housing characteristics were collected through a field survey and in-depth interviews with residents of 71 households (15 apartment complexes) in Seoul, South Korea, and annual data on end-use energy consumption were collected from measurement systems installed within each apartment unit. Based on the data collected, correlativity between the field-survey data and end-use energy consumption was analyzed, and effective independent variables from
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Mateus, Marcos, Ricardo Vieira, Carina Almeida, Miguel Silva, and Filipa Reis. "ScoRE—A Simple Approach to Select a Water Quality Model." Water 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2018): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121811.

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Over the past decades, water quality models have become unique tools in the management of aquatic resources. A consequence of their widespread application is the significant number of models now available. Available methodologies to compare models provide limited support for their choice in the first place, especially to end-users or modelers with limited experience. Here we propose a method to assist in the selection of a particular model from a set of apparently similar models. The method is termed ScoRE, as it grades models according to three main aspects: Scope (aim, simulated processes, c
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Mundi, Gurvinder, Richard G. Zytner, Keith Warriner, Hossein Bonakdari, and Bahram Gharabaghi. "Machine Learning Models for Predicting Water Quality of Treated Fruit and Vegetable Wastewater." Water 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182485.

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Wash-waters and wastewaters from the fruit and vegetable processing industry are characterized in terms of solids and organic content that requires treatment to meet regulatory standards for purpose-of-use. In the following, the efficacy of 13 different water remediation methods (coagulation, filtration, bioreactors, and ultraviolet-based methods) to treat fourteen types of wastewater derived from fruit and vegetable processing (fruit, root vegetables, leafy greens) were examined. Each treatment was assessed in terms of reducing suspended solids, total phosphorus, nitrogen, biochemical and che
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Lee, Sanghoon, Dugin Kaown, Eun‐Hee Koh, Kyung‐Seok Ko, and Kang‐Kun Lee. "Delineation of groundwater quality locations suitable for target end‐use purposes through deep neural network models." Journal of Environmental Quality 50, no. 2 (March 2021): 416–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20206.

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Kotowski, Jerzy, Jacek Oko, and Monika Żygadło. "Simulation of water supply networks using modern means of information technology." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400076.

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We present in turn the development of computer technology from the beginning of its creation on our planet. Then we discuss the development of information technology at our university. At the end, we present a selected technical problem which is the task of simulation of the water supply network. We present mathematical models of these issues and algorithms for their solutions requiring the use of a computer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "End use water models"

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Gato, Shirley, and s3024038@rmit edu au. "Forecasting Urban Residential Water Demand." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070202.113452.

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The city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia has been recognised as having high quality drinking water, but like other urban cities in the world, its growing population means increasing water demand. Melbourne is also already on its eight year of dry climatic conditions and is currently experiencing a drought that forced water authorities to impose water restrictions after 20 years of unrestricted supply. The current drought, dwindling supplies and possible impact of climate change highlight the importance of making better use of this precious resource. The Water Resources Strate
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Scheepers, Hester Maria. "Deriving peak factors for residential indoor water demand by means of a probability based end-use model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71639.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The expected peak water demand in a water distribution system (WDS) is an important consideration for WDS design purposes. In South Africa the most common method of estimating peak demand is by multiplying the average demand by a dimensionless peak factor. A peak factor is the ratio between the maximum flow rate (which refers to the largest volume of flow to be received during a relatively short time period, say , expressed as the average volume per unit time), and the average flow rate over an extended time period. The magn
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Zaman, Bushra. "Remotely Sensed Data Assimilation Technique to Develop Machine Learning Models for Use in Water Management." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/584.

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Increasing population and water conflicts are making water management one of the most important issues of the present world. It has become absolutely necessary to find ways to manage water more efficiently. Technological advancement has introduced various techniques for data acquisition and analysis, and these tools can be used to address some of the critical issues that challenge water resource management. This research used learning machine techniques and information acquired through remote sensing, to solve problems related to soil moisture estimation and crop identification on large spat
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Norman, Laura Margaret. "Modeling Land Use Change and Associate Water Quality Impacts in the Ambos Nogales Watershed, US-Mexico Border." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1427%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Hager, Christian Harding. "Ichthyofaunal and dietary analysis of sympatric piscivores in a Chesapeake Bay littoral zone: Including bioenergetic models of growth and diel temperature sanctuary use." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616682.

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The first section of this dissertation describes the ichthyofaunal community of a mesohaline Chesapeake Bay April--November. Fish assemblages were sampled using two seine gears, a small seine that sampled 352 m 2 and a 914m haul-seine that sampled 144,473 m2. The small seine collected 32 finfish species. The larger gear captured 31 finfish species, including 17 that were not sampled by small gear. Sampled diversity was greater but density estimates were similar to those determined previously by other investigators using flume-net, drop-ring, and otter trawl techniques. Nocturnal abundance of l
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Boyd, Timothy David. "The Novel Use of Recombinant Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) to Reverse Cerebral Amyloidosis and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models: Insights from the Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis as a Negative Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3571.

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For many years, it has been known that Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a negative risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been commonly assumed that RA patients’ usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have helped prevent the onset and progression of AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, experiments in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease have looked to inhibit inflammation, and have demonstrated some efficacy against AD-like pathology in these models. Thus many NSAID clinical trials have been performed over the years, but all have proven unsuccessful in AD pat
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Dlamini, Musa V. "Short-Term Water Use Dynamics in Drainage Lysimeters." DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5877.

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Turfgrass water use (seasonal turfET) and crop coefficients were determined and a mathematical soil-water balance model for non-weighing drainage lysimeters, which simulates the occurrence (timing and amount) of drainage, was developed. Pairs of non-weighing drainage lysimeters were used to determine crop coefficients for turfgrass in four locations in the state of Utah: Logan Golf and Country Club, Murray Golf Course, Brigham Young University (Spanish Fork) Experiment Farm, and Sunbrook Golf Course (St. George). Daily weather data including air temperature, relative humidity, average wind tra
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Kane, Dellwyn. "Hydrograph separation using end member mixing models in the Oona Water river catchment, Co Tyrone." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529518.

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Smith, Kimberly C. (Kimberly Carolyn). "Evaluating PC-based water quality models as tools for land use planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70200.

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Meeuwig, Jessica Jane. "All water is wet : predicting eutrophication in lakes and estuaries." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35918.

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Coastal eutrophication, defined as an increase in algal biomass (as chlorophyll (Chl)) is of increasing international concern. Although coastal eutrophication will likely increase as coastal populations grow, few models exist to support its management. Lake eutrophication has also long been recognized as an important environmental concern. However, effective lake eutrophication management exists, supported by regression and mass-balance models. Traditionally, these "Vollenweider" models link land-use to Chl via total phosphorus (TP), the nutrient considered to be limiting Chl. However, based o
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Books on the topic "End use water models"

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E, Meena Hubert, ed. Dar es Salaam water demand: An end-use perspective. [Dar es Salaam]: Centre for Energy, Environment, Science, and Technology, 1998.

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California. Department of Water Resources. Division of Planning. Central Valley future water supplies for use in DWRSIM. [Sacramento]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Water Resources, Division of Planning, 1995.

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Chowdhury, Nasima Tanveer. The relative efficiency of water use in Bangladesh agriculture. Kathmandu: South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics, 2010.

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Keely, Joseph Francis. The use of models in managing ground-water protection programs. Ada, Okla: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Queen, Rob. End-use efficient, environmentally friendly water-softening device: Independent assessment report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2007.

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G, Cleveland Theodore, American Water Resources Association, and Boyle Engineering Corporation, eds. Advances in the development and use of models in water resources. Herndon, VA: AWRA, 1995.

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Bernier, L. Application of the water use analysis model to the Richelieu River Basin. Sainte-Foy, Quebec: Inland Waters Directorate, Quebec Region, Water Planning and Management Branch, 1990.

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The end of country. New York: Random House, 2011.

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Tate, Donald M. Alternative futures of Canadian water use, 1981-2011. [Ottawa]: Inquiry on Federal Water Policy, 1985.

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Tate, Donald M. Alternative futures of Canadian water use, 1981-2011. Hull: Inland Waters Directorate, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "End use water models"

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Novotny, Vladimir, and Andrea Capodaglio. "Use of Water Quality Models." In Remediation and Management of Degraded River Basins, 35–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57752-9_2.

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Nicks, A. D. "The Use of USLE Components in Models." In Modelling Soil Erosion by Water, 377–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58913-3_28.

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Siderius, Christian, Robel Geressu, Martin C. Todd, Seshagiri Rao Kolusu, Julien J. Harou, Japhet J. Kashaigili, and Declan Conway. "High Stakes Decisions Under Uncertainty: Dams, Development and Climate Change in the Rufiji River Basin." In Climate Risk in Africa, 93–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61160-6_6.

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AbstractThe need to stress test designs and decisions about major infrastructure under climate change conditions is increasingly being recognised. This chapter explores new ways to understand and—if possible—reduce the uncertainty in climate information to enable its use in assessing decisions that have consequences across the water, energy, food and environment sectors. It outlines an approach, applied in the Rufiji River Basin in Tanzania, that addresses uncertainty in climate model projections by weighting them according to different skill metrics; how well the models simulate important climate features. The impact of different weighting approaches on two river basin performance indicators (hydropower generation and environmental flows) is assessed, providing an indication of the reliability of infrastructure investments, including a major proposed dam under different climate model projections. The chapter ends with a reflection on the operational context for applying such approaches and some of the steps taken to address challenges and to engage stakeholders.
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Rudra, R. P., W. T. Dickinson, and G. J. Wall. "Problems Regarding the Use of Soil Erosion Models." In Modelling Soil Erosion by Water, 175–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58913-3_13.

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Olesen, Emma T. B., Marleen L. A. Kortenoeven, and Robert A. Fenton. "Use of Genetic Models to Study the Urinary Concentrating Mechanism." In Sodium and Water Homeostasis, 43–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3213-9_3.

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Stöckle, Claudio O., Armen R. Kemanian, and Cristián Kremer. "On the Use of Radiation- and Water-Use Efficiency for Biomass Production Models." In Response of Crops to Limited Water, 39–58. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/advagricsystmodel1.c2.

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Nadal-Sala, D., T. F. Keenan, S. Sabaté, and C. Gracia. "Forest Eco-Physiological Models: Water Use and Carbon Sequestration." In Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change, 81–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28250-3_5.

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Westerhoff, Paul, and John Crittenden. "Urban Infrastructure and Use of Mass Balance Models for Water and Salt." In The Water Environment of Cities, 49–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84891-4_4.

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Gamboa, Reynato Andal, Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam, and Then Yih Shyong. "Cost Benefit Opportunity for End Use Segment Using Lighting Retrofit at Taylor’s University." In Practical Examples of Energy Optimization Models, 53–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2199-7_4.

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Leavesley, G. H., L. E. Hay, R. J. Viger, and S. L. Markstrom. "Use of a priori parameter-estimation methods to constrain calibration of distributed-parameter models." In Water Science and Application, 255–66. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ws006p0255.

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Conference papers on the topic "End use water models"

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Fu, Yang, and Wenyan Wu. "Behaviour interventions for water end use: An integrated model." In 2014 20th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconac.2014.6935498.

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Blokker, E. J. M., and J. H. G. Vreeburg. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Residential Water Demand: A Stochastic End-Use Model." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)34.

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Musgrove, Rachel. "An End-Use Integrated Agent-Based Model to Simulate Consumer Demand for a Water Utility." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412947.253.

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Carlevaro, Fausto, Stefano Cioncolini, Marzia Sepe, Ilaria Parrella, Carmine Allegorico, Laura De Stefanis, Mariagrazia Mastroianni, and Ernesto Escobedo. "Use of Operating Parameters, Digital Replicas and Models for Condition Monitoring and Improved Equipment Health." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76849.

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Several operating parameters for the control and protection of the units are acquired by the control and protection systems used in industrial applications. The use of these parameters in conjunction of physical models, empirical models and transfer functions (that represent digital replicas of the engine) allows for a broader scope of condition monitoring, taking into account the wing to wing process which spans from data acquisition to end user actionable insight. This paper describes 3 specific cases: 1) an algorithm based on the performance model of the overall GT used to monitor the axial
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Raneda, Albert, Mikko Siuko, and Tapio Virvalo. "Torque Control of a Water Hydraulic Vane Actuator Using Pressure Feedback." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39348.

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In this paper the torque control properties of a water hydraulic rotary actuator are theoretically and experimentally studied and the results are analyzed and compared with oil hydraulics. If the same performance levels can be achieved with water and oil hydraulics, water as the pressure medium is preferred in applications where external oil leakage is not allowed or applications that take place in fire hazardous environments. The analysis carried out in this paper uses a linear model of the hydraulic drive which is first verified against experimental tests. The linear model allows to study th
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Leishear, Robert A. "Dynamic Pipe Stresses During Water Hammer: II — A Vibration Analysis." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1269.

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Dynamic pipe stresses result from pipe vibrations created by water hammer. Current vibration theory was adapted to derive equations that describe the pipe stresses in a pipe wall which occur at a distance from the pipe end. These original equations describe the stresses in a pipe expansion mode, which is sometimes referred to as a breathing mode. The breathing mode was assumed to result from a moving shock wave traveling along the length of a pipe, and the shock was modeled using a step pressure wave, using the classic single degree of freedom vibration equations. Pipe stresses affected by bot
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Lyon, Geoff, Amip Shah, and Alan McReynolds. "Developing Resource Consumption Insights From Campus-Scale Water Monitoring Infrastructures." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88688.

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Water consumption at many commercial campuses is a significant portion of resource expenditure, often with limited or no visibility into the individual branch or point of use locations, all of which summate to provide utility based reporting and invoicing, mostly on a monthly basis. In this paper, we present a case study where a commercial campus’ water distribution system is being instrumented to obtain a more granular measure of water usage. Measurement granularity is improved both in the time domain, transitioning from monthly to hourly or more frequent reporting, and in the spatial domain
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Sheldon, Seth, and Ory Zik. "Water Scarcity: An Energy Problem." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88241.

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Using the connection between water and energy as a case study, we present a model that uses the effects of geospatial and temporal context on embedded energy to approximate resource sustainability for water. First, the basic steps of calculating the energy intensity for a given location are discussed. Intensity is presented in units of energy per volume of water. In the case of supplying fresh water, energy intensity depends upon the quality of the original resource, its location relative to the end use location, and the type of technology in use to move and treat the water. Pumping, and conve
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Summe, Alexander M., Douglas P. Munson, Kenneth Oliphant, and Sarah Chung. "Long Term Performance of PE4710 Materials in Disinfectant Treated Nuclear Raw Water Systems." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97477.

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Degradation of service water systems is a major issue facing nuclear power plants and many plants will require repair or replacement of existing carbon steel piping components. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been used in non-safety service water systems for over ten years and has demonstrated superior performance. However, there still exist knowledge gaps around material properties, inspectability, and long-term performance. Specifically, there is a lack of insight on the aging of HDPE piping in disinfectant treated service water systems. This paper summarizes the methodology and results
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Yamamoto, Marcio, Tomo Fujiwara, Shigeo Kanada, Masao Ono, Satoru Takano, and Joji Yamamoto. "Experimental Analysis of Reduced-Scale Jumper for Deep-Sea Mining." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95990.

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Abstract In the Deep-Sea Mining, the seafloor mining tool is connected to the subsea slurry pump by a piece of flexible pipe named jumper. The jumper’s shape is similar to a steep-wave flexible riser. Compared to a flexible riser, the jumper is a reinforced hose and has a shorter length. Numerous studies shed light on the dynamic behavior of flexible riser; however, all studies were carried out by the way of numerical analysis. We carried out, in the Deep-Sea Basin, an experiment using 1/5 reduced scale model of the jumper. Unhappily, the model’s bending stiffness had to be distorted. During t
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Reports on the topic "End use water models"

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Jenicek, Elisabeth, Noah Garfinkle, Andy Hur, Bjorn Oberg, Nicholas Bartholomew, Sara Buchhorn, Kelly Chen, Lindsey Miller, and Munira Mithaiwala. Water Use Intensity at U.S. Army Facilities : An Investigation into Factors That Influence Potable Water End Use. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (U.S.), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/28040.

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Koomey, J. G., C. Dunham, and J. D. Lutz. The effect of efficiency standards on water use and water heating energy use in the US: A detailed end-use treatment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180643.

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Sezgen, O., and J. G. Koomey. Technology data characterizing water heating in commercial buildings: Application to end-use forecasting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/272538.

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Basch, Ethan, and Antonia Bennett. Development of Pain End Point Models for Use in Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials and Drug Approval. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613282.

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Fisher, Diane C., Camilla Dunham Whitehead, and Moya Melody. National and Regional Water and Wastewater Rates For Use inCost-Benefit Models and Evaluations of Water Efficiency Programs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/927324.

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Pratt, R., and B. Ross. Measured electric hot water standby and demand loads from Pacific Northwest homes. End-Use Load and Consumer Assessment Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10105371.

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Marinshaw, Richard J., and Hazem Qawasmeh. Characterizing Water Use at Mosques in Abu Dhabi. RTI Press, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.mr.0042.2004.

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In areas where Muslims constitute much of the population, mosques can account for a significant portion of overall water consumption. Among the various uses of water at mosques, ablution (i.e., ritual cleansing) is generally assumed to be the largest, by far. As part of an initiative to reduce water consumption at mosques in Abu Dhabi, we collected data on ablution and other end uses for water from hundreds of mosques in and around Abu Dhabi City. This paper takes a closer look at how water is used at mosques in Abu Dhabi and presents a set of water use profiles that provide a breakdown of mos
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Day, St John, Tim Forster, and Ryan Schweitzer. Water Supply in Protracted Humanitarian Crises: Reflections on the sustainability of service delivery models. Oxfam, UNHCR, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6362.

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UNHCR estimates that the average time spent by a refugee in a camp is 10 years, while the average refugee camp remains for 26 years. WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) is a crucial component of humanitarian response and longer-term recovery. Humanitarian agencies and host governments face many challenges in protracted situations and complex long-term humanitarian crises. One key issue is how water supplies should be managed in the long term. Who is best placed to operate and manage WASH services and which delivery model is the most viable? At the end of 2019, there were 15.7 million refugees
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Bitew, Menberu, and Rhett Jackson. Characterization of Flow Paths, Residence Time and Media Chemistry in Complex Landscapes to Integrate Surface, Groundwater and Stream Processes and Inform Models of Hydrologic and Water Quality Response to Land Use Activities; Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171150.

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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understan
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