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Journal articles on the topic 'Endemic area'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

MEMARIANI, FARSHID, HOSSEIN AKHANI, and MOHAMMAD REZA JOHARCHI. "Endemic plants of Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province in Irano-Turanian region: diversity, distribution patterns and conservation status." Phytotaxa 249, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.249.1.5.

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Khorassan-Kopet Dagh (KK) floristic province located in northeastern Iran and southern Turkmenistan is one of the important centers of plant endemism in Irano-Turanian region. In order to evaluate the plant endemism, distribution and conservation, we generated an updated and annotated checklist of 356 endemic vascular plant taxa belonging to 112 genera and 36 families of angiosperms. The genera Astragalus and Cousinia have the highest number of endemics and the hemicryptophytes are the dominant life form. On the basis of the available distributional data, mainly from herbarium records and reliable references, we analyzed the distribution patterns and diversity of the endemic taxa. The central part of KK has the highest endemic richness, and the least number of endemics occur in the southern part. Mapping the occurrence data of the endemics revealed 16 main distribution patterns. There are only 24 widespread endemics, and more than half of the endemic taxa are restricted to only one of five geographical zones of the area. Analysis of endemic diversity based on 15ʹ grid cell maps showed that the Central part of Kopet Dagh range, Aladagh and Salook ranges and Golestan National Park are located in the areas with the highest endemic richness. Mapping the beta diversity of the grid cells revealed the vast areas of the Central part, following some areas of the Eastern, Western and Northwestern parts, are highly differentiated by composition of endemic plants. All of the KK endemic taxa were evaluated against the IUCN Red List categories and criteria and a total of 200 endemic taxa were globally classified as threatened including 24 Critically Endangered, 72 Endangered and 104 Vulnerable taxa. Areas with the highest threatened endemics richness are located in Central Kopet Dagh range along Iran-Turkmenistan border, Golestan National Park and adjacent Ghorkhod Protected area, Aladagh and Salook ranges, and the eastern part of Binalood range. Implications of the results in conservation prioritization of the endemic taxa and also of the geographical areas are discussed. As far as possible the taxonomic status of known endemics are critically checked, type specimens of some doubtful taxa are consulted, and representative vouchers of reported species are given. The new species Heliotropium khayyamii Akhani sp. nov. is described and seven taxa are placed as new synonyms: Astragalus salehabadensis Ranjbar & Zarin (= A. basineri Trautv.), A. torbathaydariyehensis Ranjbar & Zarin (= A. basineri), Astragalus ghouchanensis Souzani, Zarre & Maassoumi (= A. sumbari Popov), Cousinia golestanica Attar (= C. stahliana Bornm. & Gauba), Centaurea bojnordensis Ranjbar, Negaresh & Joharchi (= C. sintenisiana Gand.), Cyanus persicus Ranjbar & Negaresh (= C. depressus (M. Bieb.) Soják) and Klasea nana Ranjbar & Negaresh (= K. latifolia (Boiss.) L.Martins). Twenty-five taxa with poor taxonomic evidence are listed separately as doubtful. Distribution maps of almost all known endemics are provided.
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Sigrist, Mário Sérgio, and Claudio José Barros de Carvalho. "Historical relationships among areas of endemism in the tropical South America using Brooks Parsimony Analysis (BPA)." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 4 (December 2009): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000400009.

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Areas of endemism are the smallest units of biogeographical analysis. One of its definitions is that these areas harbor organisms with restricted distributions caused by non random historical factors. The aim of this study was to examine historical relationships among areas of endemism in the Neotropics using Brooks Parsimony Analysis (BPA). We applied BPA to 12 unrelated taxa distributed within two sets of endemic areas in order to: (1) compare the proposed endemic area classifications; (2) examine whether Amazonia and Atlantic Forest are true biogeographic units and, (3) examine whether the inclusion of open area formations influence area relationships of the surrounding forests. General area cladograms revealed a basal split between Amazonian and Atlantic forests, suggesting that these areas have been isolated for a long period of time. All Atlantic forest endemic areas formed a monophyletic cluster, showing a sequence of vicariant events from north to south. The hypothesis that Amazonia is a composite area, made up of different historical units, is herein corroborated. When Cerrado and Caatinga (grasslands and savannas) are included, internal area relationships within Amazonia change, indicating that area classification schemes comprising forests and open formations should be preferred given the complementary history of these areas.
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3

Hernández, Héctor M., and Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa. "Areas of endemism of Cactaceae and the effectiveness of the protected area network in the Chihuahuan Desert." Oryx 45, no. 2 (April 2011): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001079.

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AbstractWe used distribution data of 121 cactus species endemic to the Chihuahuan Desert to test the effectiveness of the region’s protected area network. The analysis of species distribution using a 30′ latitude × 30′ longitude grid facilitated the identification and categorization of areas of endemism. We found a low degree of coincidence between protected areas and the areas of cactus endemism, and only 63.6% of the 121 species occur in protected areas. A complementarity analysis showed that 10 of the protected areas contain the 77 species that occur in protected areas. The four top priority areas protect 65 (84.4%) of these 77 species The 44 unprotected species are mainly micro-endemic and taxonomically distinctive taxa widely scattered in the region. The complementarity analysis applied to these species showed that all of them can be contained in a minimum of 24 grid squares, representing 32.9% of the total area occupied. Their strong spatial dispersion, along with their narrow endemism, is a major conservation challenge. We conclude that the current protected area network is insufficient to protect the rich assemblage of cacti endemic to the Chihuahuan Desert. Conservation efforts in this region should be enhanced by increasing the effectiveness of the already existing protected areas and by the creation of additional protected areas, specifically micro-reserves, to provide refuge for the unprotected species.
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4

Ali, S. I., and M. Qaiser. "A phytogeographical analysis of the phanerogams of Pakistan and Kashmir." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 89 (1986): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000008939.

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SynopsisFour phytogeographical regions of Pakistan are recognised in an analysis of the phanerogams of Pakistan. Among the uniregionals, the most common element is Irano-Turanian (45.6%) followed by Sino-Japancse (10.6%), Saharo-Sindian (9.1%) and Indian (4.5%). Though in terms of the area, the Saharo-Sindian region occupies by far the biggest territory, the density of uniregional elements is lowest in this region. Overall there are only 6 endemic genera and an estimated 372 endemic species in Pakistan out of 4882 species. Highest numbers of uniregional endemics per unit area are met with in the Sino-Japanese region, followed by the Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Sindian region. Most of the endemics (78.22%) are confined to mountainous regions (c. 1200 m or above). Four areas, i.e. Sino-Japanese region of Kashmir (10.21% endemics), N Baluchistan (Irano-Turanian; 9.4% endemics) and Chitral (9.1% endemics), may be recognised as centres of radiation in Pakistan.
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5

Sotoudehmanesh, R., N. Shirazian, A. A. Asgari, and R. Malekzadeh. "Tuberculous peritonitis in an endemic area." Digestive and Liver Disease 35, no. 1 (January 2003): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(02)00010-5.

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6

Moreno-Reyes, Rodrigo, Marleen Boelaert, Salah Badawi, Mohamed Eltom, and Jean B. Vanderpas. "Endemic juvenile hypothyroidism in a severe endemic goitre area of Sudan." Clinical Endocrinology 38, no. 1 (January 1993): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb00967.x.

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7

OGRZEWALSKA, MARIA, DANILO G. SARAIVA, JONAS MORAES-FILHO, THIAGO F. MARTINS, FRANCISCO B. COSTA, ADRIANO PINTER, and MARCELO B. LABRUNA. "Epidemiology of Brazilian spotted fever in the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo, Brazil." Parasitology 139, no. 10 (May 1, 2012): 1283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012000546.

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SUMMARYThe tick-borne bacteriumRickettsia rickettsiiis the aetiological agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). The present study evaluated tick infestations on wild and domestic animals, and the rickettsial infection in these animals and their ticks in 7 forest areas adjacent to human communities in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). The results were compared to ecological traits of each sampled area. Two main tick species,Amblyomma aureolatumandRhipicephalus sanguineus,were collected from dogs. The major ticks found on small mammals and birds wereIxodes loricatusandAmblyomma longirostre, respectively. Both anti-R. rickettsiiantibodies andR. rickettsii-infected ticks were detected on dogs from only 2 areas in the southern part of the SPMA, which were considered to be endemic for BSF; the remaining 5 areas were considered to be non-endemic. Ecologically, the BSF-endemic areas clearly differed from the non-endemic areas by the presence of significantly more degraded forest patches in the former. The present results corroborate historical observations that have indicated that all human cases of BSF in the SPMA were contracted in the southern part of this metropolitan area. However, not all forest patches in the southern part of the SPMA were shown to be associated with BSF endemism.
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8

Hidayah, Nurul, and Dwi Rahmawati. "Bio-physicochemical markers of the Aedes aegypti breeding water in endemic and non-endemic area." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.18883.

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The survival of <em>Aedes aegypti</em> larvae is inseparable from the adequacy of food, including organic substances available in the breeding water. It is very dependent on the level of water markers such as temperature, salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, and pH. The study used quantitative observational analytic with a case-control study design. Case group has consisted of breeding water in endemic area and control group was in non-endemic area. The sample size was 43 samples for each group, collected by purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney test. Larvae mostly presence in endemic area (68.3%) and mostly absent in non-endemic area (85.4%) (<em>p</em>-value = 0.002). Temperature in endemic area mostly in 27-30<sup>o</sup>C (86%) and non-endemic area mostly in &lt;27<sup>o</sup>C or &gt;30<sup>o</sup>C (72.1%) (<em>p</em>-value = 0.000). Salinity in endemic and non-endemic areas has no difference (<em>p</em>-value = 0.266). DO in endemic areas were mostly in 5.02-7.82 mg/l (76.7%). While DO in non-endemic area was mostly in &lt;5.02 mg/l or &gt;7.82 mg/l (95.3%) (<em>p</em>-value = 0.001). The pH &lt;6 or &gt;7.8 is mostly in non-endemic areas (87.8%) and pH 6-7.8 is mostly in endemic areas (63.4%) (<em>p</em>-value = 0.000). Bio-physicochemical markers of breeding sites water have differences between endemic and non-endemic area except salinity. The temperature, salinity, DO, and pH affected the presence of larvae and the most affected is DO marker. While the marker that affected the presence of larvae in the non-endemic area is pH.
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9

Tailor, Dr Hemali Jayantilal, Dr Vasudha Mahendra Bhagat, Dr Peeyush Kumar Saini, and Dr Varsha Mahesh Baldwa. "Cytodiagnosis Of Bancroftian Microfilariae At Various Sites In An Endemic Area." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (June 1, 2012): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/94.

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10

Dölarslan, Melda, Ebru Gül, and Sabit Erşahin. "Endemic Vascular Plants of Marble and Serpentine Parent Materials in Semiarid Grassland." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 6 (June 25, 2018): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i6.693-698.1703.

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Endemism is an important criterion for identification of floristic regions and determination of floristic properties of these regions. Turkey is one of the world’s major countries in terms of endemism over 3.000 endemic plant species. This study was carried out in order to determine the floristic composition and endemic plant species on the serpentine and marble (metamorphic rocks) parent material in semi-arid garssland in Çankırı-Eldivan. For this reason plant samples were collected in different growing season in 2014 (month of between April- September), approximately 4ha (Marble, 3.88 ha; Serpentine, 0.08 ha) area in Çankırı-Eldivan. Study area is located A4 square according to the grid system of P.H. Davis (1965-1988) and Irano-Turanian region in phytogeographic respect. As a result of the plant sampling carried out in the area; 16 families, 27 genera, 31 species determined in serpentine parent material. Among of these plants 9 of them are endemic plant. Endemism rate of the serpentine area is 29%. In addition, 20 families, 58 genera, 72 species of plants have been identified in marble parent material and 14 plant taxa of these species endemic. Endemism ratio is 19%. Results of this study showed that parent material effects of plant diversity and endemism ratio.
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11

Halilaj, Haxhi, Lirika Kupe, Avdyl Bajrami, Pirro Icka, Xhavit Mala, and Robert Damo. "Endemic plants in the flora of Shutman (Sharri Mountain), Kosovo – an analysis of phytogeographical elements and life forms." Natura Croatica 30, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20302/nc.2021.30.1.

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This paper aims to present the diversity of endemic plants in the Shutman area and an analysis of chorological groups and life forms. The flora of Shutman comprises 31 endemic plant species. Among them, there are 20 Balkan endemics, 1 stenoendemic and 5 sub-endemic species. They belong to 20 genera and 13 families. The richest among the endemics are families Asteraceae and Caryophyllaceae, both with 4 species. All endemics are herbaceous perennials. Hemicryptophytes dominate among life forms, accounting for 58.06%. Most of the species are Balkan floristic elements (20 species or 64.52%), followed by Southeast European and South European floristic elements, both with 3 taxa (9.68%). A total of 27 species have national or international conservation status. Reporting of Ranunculus degenii Kümmerle & Jav. for the first time in Shutman makes this area the second distribution record of this plant in Kosovo.
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12

Amori, Giovanni, and Luca Luiselli. "A scale-dependent ‘functional’ assessment of the concept of endemism." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 127, no. 4 (May 21, 2019): 900–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz059.

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Abstract Whether a species can be defined as ‘endemic’ or not is very controversial in theoretical terms, because the concepts of ‘endemism’ and ‘area of endemism’ remain much debated among scientists. We propose that it is necessary to consider the body size scale of an organism and the breadth of its distributional range if we want to define a given species as ‘endemic’ or not. Thus, for instance, Madagascar can be an appropriate area of endemism for animals as large and vagile as the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox), but it is much too large to be considered an ecologically appropriate ‘area of endemism’ for small-sized frogs with limited dispersal abilities. Instead, for these small species it is ecologically more appropriate to consider given forest regions within Madagascar as ‘areas of endemism’. Therefore, we propose a five-step approach in order to define whether a given species can be considered endemic or not within a set of potential candidate species, and we offer a suite of practical examples (African squirrels, African Artiodactyla and a family of freshwater turtles from the Americas) to elucidate the designated concept. We define the new concept presented herein as ‘scale-dependent functional endemism’. The new concept has the benefits of including the ‘ecological characteristics’ of the target species in the concept of ‘endemism’ and being easily repeated, because it is based on rather objective criteria.
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13

M. Driessen, Michael, and Stephen A. Mallick. "The vertebrate fauna of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 3 (2003): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030187.

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The Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area encompasses an area of 1.38 million hectares, or approximately 20% of the island state of Tasmania. The World Heritage Area plays a significant role in the conservation of Tasmania's fauna and natural biological processes. The area supports 30 species of terrestrial mammal including three endemic species (91% of total Tasmanian species), 120 species of terrestrial bird including 10 endemic species (76% of state total), 14 species of terrestrial reptile including seven endemic species (67% of state total), seven species of frog including three endemic species (64% of state total), 16 species of freshwater fish including four endemic species (64% of state total), and 68 species of marine fish including one endemic species (14% of state total). A number of vertebrate species are entirely restricted to the World Heritage Area (Moss Froglet, Pedra Branca Skink, Mountain Skink, Pedder Galaxias, Swamp Galaxias and Western Paragalaxias, while the migratory Orange-bellied Parrot breeds only within the World Heritage Area. A number of other species have the majority of their Tasmanian range within the World Heritage Area (Broad-toothed Rat, Ground Parrot, Southern Emu-wren, Tasmanian Tree Frog, Northern Snow Skink, Southern Snow Skink, Bathurst Harbour Skate and the Clarence Galaxias). The World Heritage Area also supports a range of threatened mammal, bird, reptile and fish species. Of the 44 species of introduced vertebrates which have established feral populations in Tasmania, only seven species (16% of state total) have a significant presence within the World Heritage Area and pose a potential threat to the area's integrity. The diversity and endemism of the vertebrate fauna of the World Heritage Area reflects the Gondwanan origins of much of the fauna of western Tasmania, the repeated glaciation of the area during the Pleistocene, and subsequent pulses of speciation among certain taxa.
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14

Fakhriadi, Rudi, and Asnawati Asnawati. "Analisis Perbedaan Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Keberadaan Jentik Aedes Aegypti di Kelurahan Endemis dan Kelurahan Sporadis Kota Banjarbaru." Journal of Health Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases 4, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jhecds.v4i1.327.

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Dengue Fever (DF) or Dengue Haemorrahagic Fever (DHF) is one of the few infectious diseases that become health problems in the world especially developing countries. Data obtained from Banjarbaru City Health Office found a trend of increasing the incidence of DHF. Last data of 2015 was recorded as many as 182 cases. Of 20 urban villages in Banjarbaru there are 10 outbreaks that menajdi Endemis dengue disease area and 10 outbreaks that became sporadic areas of dengue disease. Dengue fever prevention has a fairly complex problem. But the best way to prevent this disease is by eradicating mosquito larvae The purpose of this study is to see the factors that affect the presence of larva Aedes aegypti in endemic areas and sporadic dengue areas. The design of this study was observational analytic using cross sectional method with 100 samples of house at endemic and sporadic dengue. Data analysis was bivariate with chi-square and multivariate test with logistic regression test with 95% confidence degree. The result of bivariate and multivariate test showed that in the endemic area the related factors were knowledge and community action regarding EMN with larva Aedes aegypti (p <0,05). In the sporadic area of ​​DHF the corresponding variable was community education with the presence of larvae Aedes aegypti (p <0.05). While other variables are not significantly related to the presence of larva Aedes aegypti in endemic and sporadic dengue areas.
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15

Omokehinde, T. R., M. A. El Esnawi, S. Jagboto, and R. Arogundade. "Hemoptysis in TB Endemic Area. Think Again!" Qatar Medical Journal 2011, no. 2 (December 2011): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2011.2.22.

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16

Lober, Robert M., Anand Veeravagu, and Harminder Singh. "Brain tuberculoma in a non-endemic area." Infectious Disease Reports 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/idr.2013.e1.

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Brain tuberculoma has previously accounted for up to a third of new intracranial lesions in areas endemic with tuberculosis, but is unexpected in the United States and other Western countries with improved disease control. Here we show the importance of considering this diagnosis in at-risk patients, even with no definitive pulmonary involvement. We describe a young man who presented with partial seizures and underwent craniotomy for resection of a frontoparietal tuberculoma. He subsequently completed six months of antituberculosis therapy and was doing well without neurological sequelae or evidence of recurrence five months after completion of therapy. With resurgence of tuberculosis cases in the United States and other Western countries, intracerebral tuberculoma should remain a diagnostic consideration in at-risk patients with new space occupying lesions. Mass lesions causing neurological sequelae can be safely addressed surgically and followed with antituberculosis therapy.
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17

Roberts, Amity L., Ashley E. Schneider, Renee L. Young, Steven H. Hinrichs, and Peter C. Iwen. "Strongyloides stercoralisInfection in a Non-Endemic Area." Laboratory Medicine 44, no. 4 (November 2013): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/lmi9k52dihxtdsyu.

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18

DATTA, PRATIBHA, ERIC FROST, ROSANNA PEELING, SAJ MASINDE, SYLVIE DESLANDES, CHARLES ECHELU, ISAAC WAMOLA, and ROBERT C. BRUNHAM. "Ophthalmia Neonatorum in a Trachoma Endemic Area." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 21, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199401000-00001.

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19

Bodur, Hürrem, Ayse Erbay, Esragül Akinci, Aylin C¸olpan, Mustafa A. C¸evik, and Neriman Balaban. "Neurobrucellosis in an Endemic Area of Brucellosis." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 35, no. 2 (February 2003): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0036554021000027000.

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20

Pinheiro, Ronald Feitosa, Sabrina P. Santiago, Adrilena Lopes, Vítor N. Araújo, and Sílvia M. Magalhães. "Pulmonary leukostasis mimicking tuberculosis in endemic area." Leukemia Research 34, no. 5 (May 2010): e128-e129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2009.11.011.

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21

Serrano, J. A., A. N. Dorado, Y. Chacon, N. Fortuny, and R. Valdez. "Mycetomas in the Endemic Area of Argentina." Current Fungal Infection Reports 14, no. 2 (June 2020): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00382-7.

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22

Cvitković, Ante, Igor Ivić-Hofman, and Dragana Jurić. "Upper urothelium carcinomas in Croatian endemic area." Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 125, no. 17-18 (August 9, 2013): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-013-0412-5.

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23

Amori, Giovanni, Luigi Boitani, Giuliano Milana, Luigi Maiorano, and Luca Luiselli. "Endemism and diversity in European montane mammals: macro-ecological patterns." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 128, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz081.

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Abstract Mountains are important landforms with regard to both biodiversity and evolution of endemism. We analysed macro-ecological patterns of distribution and endemism of European montane (i.e. with at least 70% of their range inside mountain areas) mammals. The landscape of the study area was characterized by three environmental variables: land cover, land-use and elevation. For each species, we collected spatially explicit information on the extent of occurrence, level of endemicity, conservation status, habitat preferences, elevation range and all the available presence points. Montane species accounted for 25.5% of the total (N = 66), whereas lowland species (N = 193) accounted for 74.5% of the total European mammals. There was a significantly lower mean range in size of montane species compared to non-montane species. There was a negative correlation between the number of species and elevation, and a negative correlation between median elevation of the range of a given species and its extent of occurrence. The highest peak in the percentage of species present in each altitudinal band was observed at lower elevations in the lower altitude mountain chains. There was a significantly negative correlation between elevation and Simpson’s index of habitats, but species richness increased significantly with Simpson’s index of habitat diversity. A total of 122 species (40.7%) were European endemics, with the frequencies of endemic species not being different between montane areas and overall. A logistic regression model showed that, for a given species, being montane also enhanced the probability of being endemic to Europe. Montane species are especially concentrated in the Caucasus, along the Turkish coast of the Black Sea. The area of the various mountain chains did not influence either the number of montane species or the number of montane species that are strictly endemic to that mountain chain. A total of 45 endemic montane species were recorded for the study region, with only ten being of conservation concern according to IUCN criteria.
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Triana, Dessy, Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, and Budi Mulyaningsih. "Resistance Status of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) on Malathion in Bengkulu City." Unnes Journal of Public Health 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v7i2.20153.

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Abstract Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito as the main vector and Aedes albopictus as secondary vector. In 2016, Bengkulu City was one of 3 cities that experiencing DHF outbreaks in Indonesia. Insecticides malathion have been used since 1990 in bulk in DHF control programs in Bengkulu City and have not had an evaluation report on Aedes sp. vulnerability to malathion. The purpose of this research was to know the resistance status of Ae albopictus mosquitoes from endemic and sporadic areas of DHF in Bengkulu City to malathion. The sample of the study was the Ae. albopictus adult female mosquitoes which collected from endemic and sporadic areas of DHF in Bengkulu City with ovitrap installation. The resistance test was performed by CDC Bottle Bioassay method with malation 96% and 50 μg/ml diagnostic dose of. The results of this study showed 1% mortality on endemic area and 5% on sporadic area. Aedes albopictus of both areas were resistant to malathion. Keywords: Ae. albopictus, bottle bioassay, malathion. Abstrak Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dan ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai vektor utama dan Aedes albopictus sebagai vektor sekunder. Pada tahun 2016, Kota Bengkulu merupakan 1 dari 3 kota yang mengalami KLB DBD di Indonesia. Insektisida malation telah digunakan sejak tahun 1990 secara massal dalam program pengendalian DBD di Kota Bengkulu dan belum memiliki laporan evaluasi mengenai kerentanan Aedes sp terhadap malation. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. albopictus dari daerah endemis dan sporadis DBD Kota Bengkulu terhadap malation. Sampel penelitian adalah nyamuk betina dewasa Ae. albopictus yang dikoleksi dari daerah endemik dan sporadis DBD Kota Bengkulu dengan pemasangan ovitrap. Uji kerentanan dilakukan dengan metode CDC Bottle Bioassay dengan malation 96% dan dosis diagnostik 50 µg/ml. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mortalitas 1% untuk daerah endemis dan 5% untuk daerah sporadis. Aedes albopictus kedua daerah telah resisten terhadap malation. Kata Kunci: Ae. albopictus, bottle bioassay, malation.
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Supriyadi, Supriyadi, and Retno Wijayanti. "GENETIC VARIATION OF LEAFHOPPER, Nephotettix virescens DISTANT ACTIVE TRANSMITTERS FROM ENDEMIC AND NON ENDEMIC AREAS OF RICE TUNGRO DISEASE BASED ON RAPD MARKER." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 14, no. 1 (January 13, 2014): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11425-31.

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ABSTRACTGenetic variation of leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens Distant active transmitters from endemic and non endemic areas of rice tungro disease based on RAPD marker. Leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) plays an important role as a vector of rice tungro virus. However, the characters of N. virescens as a vector from endemic and non-endemic areas of tungro disease in Indonesia have not been well characterized and also available information is limited. The objective of this research was to study the character of N. virescens active transmitter from endemic and non-endemic of areas tungro disease based on RAPD markers. The N. virescens were collected from endemic area of Klaten (Central Java), Sleman (Yogyakarta) and non endemic area of Purwodadi (Central Java) Ngawi (East Java), and Pacitan (East Java). The N. virescens active transmitters were identified by their ability to transmit the virus based on Standard Evaluation System for Rice Tungro Virus, issued by IRRI. The genetic variations of N. virescens active transmitters were determined by using RAPD-PCR marker. Result of the research showed that three primers, OPB01, OPB10 and OPC08 amplified successfully of DNA template of N. virescens through RAPD-PCR technique. Based on the dendrogram, there were initial facts of possible genetic differences between the populations of N. virescens from endemic and non endemic areas of rice tungro disease. The N. virescens from endemic area of Klaten and Sleman are similar genetically but different from the N. virescens non endemic of Purwodadi, Pacitan and Ngawi.
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Kartamihardja, Endi Setiadi. "PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN ENDEMIK DI PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN ZONA WALLACEA DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT." Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.6.1.2014.43-53.

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<p>Perairan umum daratan yang meliputi ekosistem danau, waduk, sungai, rawa banjiran dan rawa merupakan Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Republik Indonesia. Zona Wallacea yang meliputi Pulau Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara, masing-masing didominasi oleh ekosistem danau dan embung (waduk). Keanekaragaman ikan di perairan umum daratan zona Wallacea sebagian besar termasuk spesies ikan endemik yang tidak ditemukan di perairan Paparan Sunda dan Sahul. Ancaman terhadap kelestarian sumber daya ikan endemik merupakan isu sentral yang harus segera ditanggulangi. Keunikan sumber daya ikan endemik di zona Wallacea memerlukan model pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan tersendiri yang tidak dapat disamakan dengan model pengelolaan sumber daya ikan di Paparan Sunda dan Sahul. Langkah-langkah pengelolaan sumber daya ikan endemik dalam rangka pemanfaatannya bagi pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat meliputi: pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan endemik sebagai ikan hias potensial; pelestarian sumber daya ikan endemik melalui penetapan kawasan konservasinya; pengendalian spesies ikan asing invasif; pengembangan pembenihan ikan endemik dan restocking; revitalisasi kearifan lokal dan pengembangan ko-manajemen.</p><p> </p><p>Inlandwaters ecosystems which covering lakes, reservoirs, rivers, swamps and floodplains area is Regional Fisheries Management of Republic of Indonesia. Wallacea zone which includes the island of Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara dominated by lakes ecosystems and small reservoirs, respectively. Fish diversity in inland waters of Wallacea zone mostly dominated by endemic fish species that are not found in the inlandwaters of Sundaland and Sahulland. The threat to the conservation of endemic fish resources is a central issue that must be addressed. The uniqueness of endemic fish resources in Wallacea zone requires a management models that may not be equal with a management model of fish resources in Sundaland or Sahulland. A management measure of endemic fish resources in Wallacea zone for economic development of the society should include: utilization of endemic fish resources as an ornamental fish potential; preservation of endemic fish resources through the establishment of conservation areas; controlling invasive alien species; development of endemic fish hatcheries and restocking; revitalization of local knowledge and the development of fisheries co-management.</p>
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Prakoeswa, Cita Rosita Sigit, Nanny Herwanto, Ratna Wahyuni, Iswahyudi Iswahyudi, Dinar Adriaty, Indropo Agusni, and Shinzo Izumi. "Genotyping Analysis of Mycobacterium leprae isolated in Water Environment of Leprosy Endemic Places in Lamongan, East Java." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 3, 2017): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1144.

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Finding of Mycobacterium leprae from water of leprosy endemic areas were reported. East Java Province is ranked number eight as the endemic area of leprosy in Indonesia and Lamongan district is the local area with the highest new cases reported. To study the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae infection in endemic areas, it is important to detect the distribution of Mycobacterium leprae in the environment and population, also to analyze the genetic variation pattern. Keywords: endemic; environment; genotyping; leprosy; Mycobacterium leprae.
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Hira, Charanjeet K., Kulprakash Partal, and KS Dhillon. "Dietary selenium intake by men and women in high and low selenium areas of Punjab." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 1 (February 2004): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003513.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the selenium intake of adults residing in high and low selenium areas of rural Punjab.Design:All food samples consumed by the subjects were collected and analysed for selenium content. Based on food intake data and selenium content of foods, the selenium intake of the subjects was calculated. Hair, fingernails and urine samples from a sub-sample of subjects were collected and analysed for selenium.Setting:Three villages from the selenium-endemic area of Nawan Shahr District and two villages from the non-endemic area of Ludhiana District, Punjab, India, were covered.Subjects:Forty families from each of the two areas, with one adult male and one adult female in the age range of 20–40 years, were surveyed. Thus a total of 80 men and 80 women constituted the study sample.Results:In the selenium-endemic area, the average selenium intake of both men and women was more than nine times that in the non-endemic area and exceeded the maximum tolerable limit in more than 60% of men. Mean selenium content of the hair, nails and urine of both men and women was tens of times higher than in the non-endemic area.Conclusions:High selenium intake in the endemic area resulted in high selenium content in the hair, nails and urine of men and women. In addition, clinical symptoms of selenium toxicity were also observed in some of the subjects. Selenium intake in the non-endemic area was marginally below the suggested value. Based on the study results, steps need to be taken to educate the public in the endemic area to avoid selenium toxicity.
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Karetsos, George, Alexandra D. Solomou, Panayiotis Trigas, and Konstantinia Tsagari. "The vascular flora of Mt. Oiti National Park and the surrounding area in Greece." Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 10 (November 8, 2018): 435–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/65/2018-jfs.

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This paper presents the first comprehensive checklist of vascular plants for an especially important area for biodiversity, namely National Park “Ethnikos Drymos Oitis” – Natura 2000 site (GR2440004) and the surrounding area in Greece. This list includes a total of 1,153 plant taxa, including 79 endemic taxa and two local endemic species (Allium lagarophyllum Brullo, Pavone &amp; Tzanoudakis and Veronica oetaea Gustavsson). It is noteworthy that 551 plants are new records for the flora of Mt. Oiti. A total of 67 taxa are protected by national and international legislation, while 52 orchid taxa are also protected by the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Veronica oetaea, a priority species of Annex II of the Directive 92/43, is also protected by the Berne Convention. The high plant species diversity and endemism make Mt. Oiti National Park an important area with high conservation value, thus providing baseline information which could be utilized for further research.
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Goldblatt, P., J. C. Manning, and D. Snijman. "Cape plants: corrections and additions to the flora. 1." Bothalia 35, no. 1 (August 29, 2005): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v35i1.367.

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Comprising an area of ± 90 000 km:, less than 5% of the land surface of the southern African subcontinent, the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is one of the world’s richest areas for plant species diversity. A recent synoptic flora for the Region has established a new base line for an accurate assessment of the flora. Here we document corrections and additions to the flora at family, genus and species ranks. As treated in Cape plants, which was completed in 1999. the flora comprised 173 families (five endemic), 988 genera (160 endemic: 16.2%), and 9 004 species (6 192 endemic: 68.8%). Just four years later, a revised count resulting from changes in the circumscriptions of families and genera, and the discovery of new species or range extensions of species, yields an estimate of 172 families (four endemic), 992 genera (162 endemic: 16.3%) and 9 086 species (6 226: 68.5% endemic). Of these, 948 genera and 8 971 species are seed plants. The number of species packed into so small an area is remarkable for the temperate zone and compares favourably with species richness for areas of compa­rable size in the wet tropics. The degree of endemism is also remarkable for a continental area. An unusual family compo­sition includes, in descending order of size, based on species number. Asteraceae. Fabaceae. Iridaceae. Ericaceae. Aizoaceae, Scrophulariaceae. Proteaceae. Restionaceae, Rutaceae. and Orchidaceae. Disproportionate radiation has resulted in 59.1% of the species falling in the 10 largest families and 74.6% in the largest 20 families. Thirteen genera have more than 100 species and the 20 largest genera contribute some 31.5% of the total species number.
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Tajima, Kazuo, Suketami Tominaga, Taizan Suchi, Hisao Fukui, Haruko Komoda, and Yorio Hinuma. "HTLV-I carriers among migrants from an ATL-endemic area to ATL non-endemic metropolitan areas in Japan." International Journal of Cancer 37, no. 3 (March 15, 1986): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910370309.

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JACQUES, ELIANE DE LIMA. "Four New Brazilian species of Begonia (Begoniaceae)." Phytotaxa 381, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.11.

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Four new species of the genus Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Brazil are described and illustrated. Begonia itingae, B. mamedeana, and B. tripicoensis are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, an area with high species richness and endemism; B. rivularis is endemic to the central region of this country.
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Giulietti, Ana M., Tereza C. Giannini, Nara F. O. Mota, Maurício T. C. Watanabe, Pedro L. Viana, Mayara Pastore, Uiara C. S. Silva, et al. "Edaphic Endemism in the Amazon: Vascular Plants of the canga of Carajás, Brazil." Botanical Review 85, no. 4 (October 8, 2019): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12229-019-09214-x.

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Abstract Amazonia is one of the most diverse biomes worldwide, and, as well as luxuriant forest, it includes mountain areas which, despite their small surface area, display fascinating endemism. In these regions, the specificity of edaphic factors is mirrored by a highly specialised, isolated flora adapted to survive adverse conditions. The Serra dos Carajás in the Brazilian state of Pará is one of world’s largest iron ore reserves. Known locally as canga, this ironstone formation occupies an area of 115.9 km2, and supports campo rupestre of canga vegetation on outcrops that are mostly in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás (FLONA of Carajás) and Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF). The recent publication of the Flora of the cangas of Carajás lists 856 species of seed plants and 186 species of ferns and lycophytes. This project assessed the canga endemic species growing in the region, and further expeditions guided by SDM were carried out in order to ascertain their distribution outisde the area. Departing from an initial list of 58 putative endemics, the final list comprises 38 species of vascular plants (c. 4% of the local flora). These are distributed in 31 genera and 22 families, including three monotypic genera: Carajasia (Rubiaceae), Monogereion and Parapiqueria (Asteraceae). From these, 24 are classified as Rare Species for Brazil and seven as Highly Restricted Endemic (EEO < 100 km2). An illustrated account is provided, as well as further SDM to detect other possible areas of distribution based on the studied species. The knowledge generated is aimed at directing appropriate conservation plans for the area.
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Timukhin, I. N. "Level of endemism in high-mountain flora of isolated Fisht-Oshten massif and Black Sea Chain." Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, no. 133 (December 18, 2019): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2019-133-122-131.

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For the first time the level of endemism in high-mountain flora of north-west edge of uplands of the Caucasus was estimated. A uniquely high level of endemism in Fisht-Oshten Massif and Chernomorskaya (Black Sea) Chain was observed: 28.4% (342 species) with predominance of Caucasian (9.2%), Pan Caucasian (7.4%) and West-Caucasian (5.1%) endemics. Colchis and North Colchis endemics total take 5.8%, and together with local endemics riches the third position. The level of endemism of alpine species is one of the highest in the Caucasus and is 43.2% (276 species). The levels of endemism revealed general trends, depending on the remoteness of local flora from the main diaspora on the Fisht-Oshten massif and the current area of the meadow belt. These trends are visible for endemics of all ranks, with the exception of the West Caucasian endemic, whose number is higher in the eastern part of Black Sea Chain and is falling sharply to the west part.
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Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. "Brucella epididymo-orchitis: a consideration in endemic area." International braz j urol 32, no. 3 (June 2006): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-55382006000300011.

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Mori, Toshifumi, Sayo Matsumoto, Yoshitaka Imoto, Hirohiko Shinomiya, Satoshi Wada, Tetsu Tomonari, Tatsuya Taniguchi, Shinji Kitamura, Naoki Muguruma, and Tetsuji Takayama. "Scistosomiasis Japonicum found in an area not endemic." Kanzo 55, no. 5 (2014): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.55.254.

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37

Gonçalves-Coêlho, Thiago D., and Matheus D. G. Coêlho. "Neurocysticercosis in Paraiba, northeast Brazil: an endemic area?" Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 54, no. 4 (December 1996): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1996000400003.

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Neurocysticercosis is the central nervous system infestation by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of Taenia solium. It is related to poor hygiene habits and sanitation; although Northeast is poorest Region of Brazil, it has been always stated as a non-endemic area. After the installation of computed tomography (CT) service, the incidence of neurocysticercosis began to raise in neurology services in Campina Grande PB, a city where people from the interior Paraíba can find specialized medical facilities. We analyse 5,883 CT record of the TomoHPI Computed Tomography Service from August 1993 to December 1995, observing 1.02% suggestive neurocysticercosis cases and classified them according to sex and age, precedence and socioeconomic condition. Distribution of cases according to age is homogeneous until the age of 50 (mean: 28.36 years old). Men and women are equally affected. Urban areas inhabitants represented 83.33%. Residents of Campina Grande represented 48.33% and 48.34% were residents of cities around Campina Grande (until 50 Km around) and other cities of Paraíba State. Fifty-eight patients were dependent to public health care system. We conclude that neurocysticercosis seems to be endemic in Paraíba State, demanding a more detailed study to determine its incidence/prevalence.
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Maffei, C., A. Marracino, F. Di Stanislao, P. Pauri, M. Clementi, and P. E. Varaldo. "Psittacosis in a highly endemic area in Italy." Epidemiology and Infection 99, no. 2 (October 1987): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880006790x.

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SUMMARYIn one locality in Italy where the incidence of psittacosis has increased rapidly since 1980, a hospital-based study and a seroepidemiological survey were carried out in order to define the clinical and epidemiological features of psittacosis in that area.Registers of the Virology Unit of the University of Ancona, Italy, were reviewed and all hospitalized patients with a serological diagnosis of psittacosis were identified. A total of 76 cases were found and studied. A presumptive bird source was identified in 80% of 62 patients, on whom a detailed investigation had been possible. Poultry represented the most frequent probable source of infection. Clinically, the predominant pattern of illness was a moderately severe lower respiratory tract infection, with chest X-rays showing pulmonary shadowings in 68 patients (89%).In the seroepidemiological study, 51 out of 143 subjects were exposed to birds (35·7%), but only 7 out of 90 urban adult blood donors (7·3%) were positive for chlamydial antibodies using the microimmunofluorescence test.
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Eichenfield, Andrew H., Donald P. Goldsmith, Jorge L. Benach, Avron H. Ross, Franklin X. Loeb, Robert A. Doughty, and Balu H. Athreya. "Childhood Lyme arthritis: Experience in an endemic area." Journal of Pediatrics 109, no. 5 (November 1986): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80688-6.

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Ek, Börje, Sven Johnsson, and Bertil von Porat. "Iodide Repletion Test in an Endemic Goitre Area." Acta Medica Scandinavica 173, no. 3 (April 24, 2009): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1963.tb17414.x.

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Jones, D., and John Weir. "Indonesia—Conserving Biodiversit the Endemic Bird Area Approach." Emu - Austral Ornithology 98, no. 2 (June 1998): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu98020.

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Belhassen-García, Moncef, Angela Romero-Alegria, Virginia Velasco-Tirado, Montserrat Alonso-Sardón, Amparo Lopez-Bernus, Lucia Alvela-Suarez, Luis Perez del Villar, et al. "Study of Hydatidosis-Attributed Mortality in Endemic Area." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (March 14, 2014): e91342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091342.

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Mallewa, Macpherson, Anthony R. Fooks, Daniel Banda, Patrick Chikungwa, Limangeni Mankhambo, Elizabeth Molyneux, Malcolm E. Molyneux, and Tom Solomon. "Rabies Encephalitis in Malaria-Endemic Area, Malawi, Africa." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 1 (January 2007): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1301.060810.

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Bhadauria, D., A. Goel, A. Kaul, R. K. Sharma, A. Gupta, V. Ruhela, A. Gupta, H. Vardhan, and N. Prasad. "Cryptosporidiuminfection after renal transplantation in an endemic area." Transplant Infectious Disease 17, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tid.12336.

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Mallick, Mamata Guha, Sanjay Sengupta, Anjali Bandyopadhyay, Jayati Chakraborty, Suchandra Ray, and Debasish Guha. "Cytodiagnosis of Filarial Infections from an Endemic Area." Acta Cytologica 51, no. 6 (2007): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000325858.

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46

Braddy, C. M., R. L. Heilman, and J. E. Blair. "Coccidioidomycosis After Renal Transplantation in an Endemic Area." American Journal of Transplantation 6, no. 2 (February 2006): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01169.x.

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ELEM, B., and P. S. PATIL. "Haemospermia: Observations in an Area of Endemic Bilharziasis." British Journal of Urology 60, no. 2 (August 1987): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1987.tb04957.x.

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Ulu-Kilic, Aysegul, Merve Sefa Sayar, Ediz Tütüncü, Figen Sezen, and Irfan Sencan. "Complicated brucellar spondylodiscitis: experience from an endemic area." Rheumatology International 33, no. 11 (November 4, 2012): 2909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-012-2555-5.

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BÄHRE, M. "Frequency of thyroid in an endemic goiter area." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 3_Suppl (August 1987): S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.114s157a.

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Leelahapongsathon, K., W. Horpiencharoen, S. Thongyuan, S. Kasemsuwan, and T. Pinyopummintr. "Rapid community dog assessment in rabies endemic area." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 79 (February 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.098.

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