Journal articles: 'Endemic reef fish'

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Pereira-Filho, Guilherme Henrique, Gilberto Menezes Amado-Filho, Silvia M. P. B. Guimarães, Rodrigo L. Moura, Paulo Y. G. Sumida, Douglas P. Abrantes, Ricardo G. Bahia, Arthur Z. Güth, Renato R. Jorge, and Ronaldo Bastos Francini Filho. "Reef fish and benthic assemblages of the Trindade and Martin Vaz Island group, southwestern Atlantic." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 59, no. 3 (September 2011): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592011000300001.

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The Trindade and Martin Vaz island group (TMVIG) is located at about 1,120 km off the Brazilian coast. Despite its importance, highlighted by the presence of several endemic fish species, the TMVIG lacks detailed information on the structure of fish and benthic assemblages. Presented here is the first quantitative assessment of reef fish and benthic assemblages of the TMVIG in a depth gradient ranging from 5 to 45 m. Additional qualitative information on reef assemblages between 45 and 100 m was obtained using advanced gas diving techniques (TRIMIX) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Similarly to other Brazilian oceanic islands, the TMVIG possesses depauperated fish and benthic assemblages, possibly due to its isolation and small size in comparison to the mainland. Depth was the most important factor affecting the structure of fish assemblages, with the density of most fish species declining with depth. Deep reefs (> 45 m) were characterized by the presence of extensive rhodolith beds and rocky reefs sparsely covered with crustose coralline algae, black coral (Cirripathes sp.) and a few massive or plate-like reef corals. Part-time or obligatory planktivorous fishes (e.g. Cephalopholis furcifer and Clepticus brasiliensis) also dominated deep reefs. Similar characteristics were recorded in mesophotic reef ecosystems across the Western Atlantic. Evidence of overfishing (obtained here and in other recent studies), the presence of four endemic and restricted range fish species, as well as the increase in number of new (and still undescribed) endemic taxa, indicates that the adoption of precautionary conservation measures are urgently needed in order to maintain the fragile and unique ecosystems of the TMVIG.

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Delrieu-Trottin, Erwan, Jeffrey Maynard, and Serge Planes. "Endemic and widespread coral reef fishes have similar mitochondrial genetic diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1797 (December 22, 2014): 20141068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1068.

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Endemic species are frequently assumed to have lower genetic diversity than species with large distributions, even if closely related. This assumption is based on research from the terrestrial environment and theoretical evolutionary modelling. We test this assumption in the marine environment by analysing the mitochondrial genetic diversity of 33 coral reef fish species from five families sampled from Pacific Ocean archipelagos. Surprisingly, haplotype and nucleotide diversity did not differ significantly between endemic and widespread species. The probable explanation is that the effective population size of some widespread fishes locally is similar to that of many of the endemics. Connectivity across parts of the distribution of the widespread species is probably low, so widespread species can operate like endemics at the extreme or isolated parts of their range. Mitochondrial genetic diversity of many endemic reef fish species may not either limit range size or be a source of vulnerability.

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Tenggardjaja, Kimberly A., Brian W. Bowen, and Giacomo Bernardi. "Reef Fish Dispersal in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Comparative Phylogeography of Three Endemic Damselfishes." Journal of Marine Biology 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3251814.

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Endemic marine species at remote oceanic islands provide opportunities to investigate the proposed correlation between range size and dispersal ability. Because these species have restricted geographic ranges, it is assumed that they have limited dispersal ability, which consequently would be reflected in high population genetic structure. To assess this relationship at a small scale and to determine if it may be related to specific reef fish families, here we employ a phylogeographic survey of three endemic Hawaiian damselfishes:Abudefduf abdominalis,Chromis ovalis, andChromis verater. Data from mitochondrial markers cytochromeband control region revealed low but significant genetic structure in all three species. Combining these results with data from a previous study onDascyllus albisellaandStegastes marginatus, all five endemic damselfish species surveyed to date show evidence of genetic structure, in contrast with other widespread reef fish species that lack structure within the Hawaiian Archipelago. Though individual patterns of connectivity varied, these five species showed a trend of limited connectivity between the atolls and low-lying Northwestern Hawaiian Islands versus the montane Main Hawaiian Islands, indicating that, at least for damselfishes, the protected reefs of the uninhabited northwest will not replenish depleted reefs in the populated Main Hawaiian Islands.

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Cowburn, B., J. Graham, M. Schratzberger, J. Brown, L. Henry, E. Clingham, A. Beard, and P. Nelson. "Rocky reefs of St Helena and the tropical Atlantic: how the lack of coral and an isolated oceanic location drive unique inshore marine ecology." Marine Ecology Progress Series 663 (March 31, 2021): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13633.

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This paper presents the first quantitative assessment of the rocky reef ecology of St Helena, a remote island in the central tropical Atlantic. Monitoring data were used to characterise different habitat types found around St Helena. These findings were compared with 9 other locations in the tropical Atlantic, in different biogeographic, oceanic and reef settings, along with the environmental variables known to limit coral reef formation. St Helena’s rocky and boulder reefs had ~50% cover dominated by turf and other filamentous algae, with lower levels of sessile invertebrates (15%) and macroalgae (4%). Both coral and rocky reef comparison locations also showed a dominance of turf and filamentous algae, with higher levels of macroalgae and sessile invertebrates in areas with higher nutrient concentrations (e.g. south-east continental Brazil). Coral growth in St Helena appeared to be limited by cool average sea temperatures of 22°C, which is near, but not below, accepted lower thresholds for reef formation. The main trophic groups of fish found on rocky reefs in St Helena were comparable to other Atlantic rocky and coral reefs, with a dominance of planktivores, mobile invertivores and roving herbivores, with the major difference in trophic structure being driven by more planktivores in oceanic vs. continental versus locations. St Helena’s narrow rocky coastal strip varied little in terms of reef geomorphology, resulting in high homogeneity around the island. However, endemic fish were numerous, demonstrating that isolation has produced a unique tropical Atlantic marine assemblage.

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Fetterplace, Lachlan C., John W. Turnbull, Nathan A. Knott, and Natasha A. Hardy. "The Devil in the Deep: Expanding the Known Habitat of a Rare and Protected Fish." European Journal of Ecology 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eje-2018-0003.

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Abstract The accepted geographic range of a species is related to both opportunity and effort in sampling that range. In deepwater ecosystems where human access is limited, the geographic ranges of many marine species are likely to be underestimated. A chance recording from baited cameras deployed on deep uncharted reef revealed an eastern blue devil fish (Paraplesiops bleekeri) at a depth of 51 m and more than 2 km further down the continental shelf slope than previously observed. This is the first verifiable observation of eastern blue devil fish, a protected and endemic southeastern Australian temperate reef species, at depths greater than the typically accepted depth range of 30 m. Knowledge on the ecology of this and many other reef species is indeed often limited to shallow coastal reefs, which are easily accessible by divers and researchers. Suitable habitat for many reef species appears to exist on deeper offshore reefs but is likely being overlooked due to the logistics of conducting research on these often uncharted habitats. On the basis of our observation at a depth of 51 m and observations by recreational fishers catching eastern blue devil fishes on deep offshore reefs, we suggest that the current depth range of eastern blue devil fish is being underestimated at 30 m. We also observed several common reef species well outside of their accepted depth range. Notably, immaculate damsel (Mecaenichthys immaculatus), red morwong (Cheilodactylus fuscus), mado (Atypichthys strigatus), white-ear (Parma microlepis) and silver sweep (Scorpis lineolata) were abundant and recorded in a number of locations at up to a depth of at least 55 m. This underestimation of depth potentially represents a large area of deep offshore reefs and micro-habitats out on the continental shelf that could contribute to the resilience of eastern blue devil fish to extinction risk and contribute to the resilience of many reef species to climate change

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AGUILAR-PERERA, ALFONSO, and ARMIN TUZ-SULUB. "Occurrence of the Mardi Gras wrasse, Halichoeres burekae (Teleostei: Labridae) in the Alacranes Reef, off northern Yucatan Peninsula." Zootaxa 2298, no. 1 (November 26, 2009): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2298.1.5.

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The Mardi Gras wrasse, Halichoeres burekae, is a planktivorous fish considered to be endemic to the Gulf of Mexico and recently described. It was previously known only from the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary (USA) and Veracruz, (Mexico). We recorded Halichoeres burekae (initial female [50–70 mm TL] and terminal male [60–90 mm TL] phases) in the Alacranes Reef, a reef platform located off northern Yucatan Peninsula, southern Gulf of Mexico. This fish is relatively common in shallow (2 m) and deep (25 m) waters in the Alacranes Reef, where it forms small (15 individuals) to large (200 individuals) aggregations. This record represents a range extension for H. burekae and indicates a general lack of knowledge about the southern Gulf of Mexico reef fish fauna.

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chadwick, nanette e., and michael arvedlund. "abundance of giant sea anemones and patterns of association with anemonefishin the northern red sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 5 (October 2005): 1287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405012440.

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patterns of distribution and abundance of giant sea anemones and anemonefish were compared among coral reefs along the coastline of sinai in the northern red sea. the sea anemones varied widely in abundance between reef areas containing different habitat types. they were rare on steep reef slopes with abundant coral cover (=low-density anemone sites, 0.09–0.68 anemones per 1000 m2 of reef area), but were common at a site containing patch reefs interspersed with sand (=high-density anemone site, 6.00–8.11 anemones per 1000 m2). distributions of the endemic two-band anemonefish (amphiprion bicinctus) varied significantly between the two main host anemone species. at the high-density site, individuals of the sea anemone heteractis crispa either did not contain anemonefish, or were occupied by single juvenile fish as shown in previous studies. at low-density sites h. crispa usually hosted clusters of juvenile anemonefish. in contrast, individuals of the sea anemone entacmaea quadricolor hosted either single adult fish (high-density site) or pairs of breeding adults (low-density sites), frequently in addition to some juvenile fish. mechanisms that prevent anemonefish from reaching adult size and forming breeding pairs in h. crispa may include high fish mortality above a size threshold because this host cannot adequately protect them from predation when they become large, active emigration of fish to e. quadricolor as described in previous reports, and/or environmentally-controlled cessation of fish growth. we conclude that in the northern red sea, individuals of h. crispa potentially serve as nurseries for anemonefish.

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Raman, Rajendra, Sarah Coppes, Tessa Hellingman, and Casper Laclé. "Junctional bradycardia caused by ciguatera intoxication." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 5 (May 2019): e229354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-229354.

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Ciguatera is a common but underreported tropical disease caused by the consumption of coral reef fish contaminated by ciguatoxins. Gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms predominate, but may be accompanied by cardiovascular features such as hypotension and sinus bradycardia. Here, we report an unusual case of junctional bradycardia caused by ciguatera in the Caribbean; to our knowledge, the first such report from the region. An increase in global sea temperatures is predicted to lead to the spread of ciguatera beyond traditional endemic areas, and the globalisation of trade in coral reef fish has resulted in sporadic cases occurring in developed countries far away from endemic areas. This case serves as a reminder to consider environmental intoxications such as ciguatera within the differential diagnosis of bradycardias.

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Delrieu-Trottin, E., S. Planes, and J. T. Williams. "When endemic coral-reef fish species serve as models: endemic mimicry patterns in the Marquesas Islands." Journal of Fish Biology 89, no. 3 (June 22, 2016): 1834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13050.

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Fernández-Cisternas, Italo, Jorge Majlis, M. Isidora Ávila-Thieme, Robert W. Lamb, and Alejandro Pérez-Matus. "Endemic species dominate reef fish interaction networks on two isolated oceanic islands." Coral Reefs 40, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): 1081–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02106-w.

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Delrieu-Trottin, Erwan, J. T. Williams, Philippe Bacchet, Michel Kulbicki, Johann Mourier, René Galzin, Thierry Lison de Loma, Gérard Mou-Tham, Gilles Siu, and Serge Planes. "Shore fishes of the Marquesas Islands, an updated checklist with new records and new percentage of endemic species." Check List 11, no. 5 (October 4, 2015): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.5.1758.

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Expedition Pakaihi I Te Moana was conducted in 2011 to the Marquesas Islands, lying between 07°50ʹ S and 10°35ʹ S latitude and 138°25ʹ W and 140°50ʹ W longitude. The expedition combined extensive col-lections and visual censuses of the shore fish fauna. A total of 74 species are added as new records for the Marquesas Islands; the coastal fish fauna of the Marquesas Islands is increased from 415 to 495 species and the number of endemic species is increased from 48 to 68 species. This increases the per-centage of species-level endemism for the Marquesas Islands to 13.7%, ranking as the third highest region of endemism for coral reef fishes in the Indo-Pacific. Only two other peripheral regions, the Hawai’ian Islands and Easter Island, have higher values.

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Fairclough, DV. "Partitioning of marine transition zone reefs among temperate, sub-tropical and tropical fishes is related more to depth and habitat than temperature." Marine Ecology Progress Series 672 (August 19, 2021): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13778.

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Changes in fish communities as oceans warm and cool and competition for space between established and novel species can be evaluated in biogeographic transition zones such as the west coast of Australia. At ~30° S in this region, a cool anomaly occurred in the 2000s, between marine heatwaves. Over 2 yr of that anomaly, surveyed reef fishes were 57% temperate, 18% sub-tropical and 25% tropical. The most numerous fishes included a wrasse, herring, bullseye, drummer and damselfish. Based on similarities in the composition of fishes, 7 significant clusters of reefs were identified along a gradation from deep, exposed reefs to shallow, protected lagoonal reefs. Endemic sub-tropical and temperate wrasses and damselfishes typified all reefs. Some of these were ubiquitous over exposed and lagoonal reefs and others prevalent in only one reef type, demonstrating habitat preferences and partitioning among closely related species. This was reflected in the differing order of importance of fishes that typified different reefs. Linear modelling indicated that abiotic (depth, distance from shore) and biotic factors (e.g. algae) explained most of the variation in the fish communities among reefs. Additional variation, particularly within lagoonal reefs, was related to relief, turf and corals, rather than water temperature. Occurrence and reproductive activity of a group of tropical/sub-tropical wrasses and damselfish in some lagoonal reefs with abundant tropical habitats (e.g. corals) suggested that they supported novel communities during cool anomalies. Better predictions of future change and interactions between existing and novel species with environmental cycles requires knowledge of species-specific habitat relationships and biology.

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Goldsworthy, DS, BJ Saunders, JRC Parker, and ES Harvey. "Spatial assemblage structure of shallow-water reef fish in Southwest Australia." Marine Ecology Progress Series 649 (September 10, 2020): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13445.

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Bioregional categorisation of the Australian marine environment is essential to conserve and manage entire ecosystems, including the biota and associated habitats. It is important that these regions are optimally positioned to effectively plan for the protection of distinct assemblages. Recent climatic variation and changes to the marine environment in Southwest Australia (SWA) have resulted in shifts in species ranges and changes to the composition of marine assemblages. The goal of this study was to determine if the current bioregionalisation of SWA accurately represents the present distribution of shallow-water reef fishes across 2000 km of its subtropical and temperate coastline. Data was collected in 2015 using diver-operated underwater stereo-video surveys from 7 regions between Port Gregory (north of Geraldton) to the east of Esperance. This study indicated that (1) the shallow-water reef fish of SWA formed 4 distinct assemblages along the coast: one Midwestern, one Central and 2 Southern Assemblages; (2) differences between these fish assemblages were primarily driven by sea surface temperature, Ecklonia radiata cover, non-E. radiata (canopy) cover, understorey algae cover, reef type and reef height; and (3) each of the 4 assemblages were characterised by a high number of short-range Australian and Western Australian endemic species. The findings from this study suggest that 4, rather than the existing 3 bioregions would more effectively capture the shallow-water reef fish assemblage patterns, with boundaries having shifted southwards likely associated with ocean warming.

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Leite, Jonas R., Pedro H. C. Pereira, Eduardo G. Sanches, Rodrigo L. Moura, and Mauricio Hostim-Silva. "Bird-like complex nesting behaviour by the Brazilian-endemic reef fish Gramma brasiliensis." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 6 (2018): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17091.

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Nesting is a common behaviour associated with reproduction in several taxa. Nevertheless, this important parental care behaviour is rarely reported for reef-associated fish. The present study provides the first description of bird-like complex nesting behaviour of the endangered basslet (Gramma brasiliensis). Males were observed building nests using macroalgae thalli around holes and depressions, in coralline substrate. Algae were used to camouflage the nest entrance and to form a cushioned bed for egg laying. Nesting is a critical aspect of the reproductive strategy of G. brasiliensis, so, this behaviour is a key factor for the management measures implications on the conservation of the species.

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Bender, M. G., S. R. Floeter, F. P. Mayer, D. A. Vila-Nova, G. O. Longo, N. Hanazaki, A. Carvalho-Filho, and C. E. L. Ferreira. "Biological attributes and major threats as predictors of the vulnerability of species: a case study with Brazilian reef fishes." Oryx 47, no. 2 (April 2013): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531100144x.

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AbstractGlobal biodiversity declines and increasing rates of extinction necessitate the assessment and prediction of the vulnerability of species to extinction. Here, we examine the relationships between conservation status and ecological traits of reef fish species of the Brazilian biogeographical province. We used binomial tests and a logistic regression to address two questions. Do biological attributes differ between threatened and non-threatened fishes? Which combination of traits and impacts exerts greater influence on species threat status? Of the 559 species, 36 are categorized as threatened (compiled from global, national and local Red Lists). Three species are categorized as Critically Endangered, seven as Endangered and 26 as Vulnerable. Our analyses revealed that Elasmobranchii, sex-changing bony fishes and endemic species are the most vulnerable reef fishes in Brazilian waters. Body size and trophic category were identified as good predictors of the vulnerability of a species to extinction. Small-bodied species that are exploited by the ornamental trade and have complex reproductive strategies are also of concern. Such combinations of attributes could be of value in predicting which reef fish species elsewhere have a high risk of extinction.

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Morais, R. A., J. Brown, S. Bedard, C. E. L. Ferreira, S. R. Floeter, J. P. Quimbayo, L. A. Rocha, and I. Sazima. "Mob rulers and part-time cleaners: two reef fish associations at the isolated Ascension Island." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 4 (August 8, 2016): 799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001041.

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Isolated oceanic islands may give rise not only to new and endemic species, but also to unique behaviours and species interactions. Multi-species fish interactions, such as cleaning, following, mob-feeding and others are understudied in these ecosystems. Here we present qualitative and quantitative observations on cleaning and mob-feeding reef fish associations at the isolated Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Cleaning interactions were dominated by juveniles of the facultative fish cleanersBodianus insularisandPomacanthus paru, with lesser contributions ofChaetodon sanctaehelenae, Thalassoma ascensionisand the cleaner shrimpLysmata grabhami. Two types of feeding mobs were consistently identified: less mobile mobs led by the surgeonfishAcanthurus bahianusandA. coeruleusand the more mobile mobs led by the African sergeantAbudefduf hoefleri. This is the first record ofA. hoeflerifrom outside of the Eastern Atlantic and also the first report of this species displaying mob-feeding behaviour. The principal follower of both mob types was the extremely abundantMelichthys niger, but the main aggressor differed:Stegastes lubbocki, a highly territorial herbivore, was the main aggressor ofAcanthurusmobs; andChromis multilineataa territorial fish while engaged in egg parental care, was the principal aggressor towardsAbudefdufmobs. Our study enhances the scarce information on reef fish feeding associations at the isolated Ascension Island and at oceanic islands in the Atlantic in general.

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Freitas, Matheus O., Marília Previero, Jonas R. Leite, Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho, Carolina V. Minte-Vera, and Rodrigo L. Moura. "Age, growth, reproduction and management of Southwestern Atlantic’s largest and endangered herbivorous reef fish, Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes, 1840." PeerJ 7 (August 30, 2019): e7459. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7459.

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The Brazilian-endemic greenbeack parrotfish, Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes, 1840, is the largest herbivorous reef fish in the South Atlantic. Following the sharp decline of large carnivorous reef fishes, parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarinae) were progressively targeted by commercial fisheries in Brazil, resulting in a global population decline of 50% for S. trispinosus. Most of its remnant population is concentrated in the Abrolhos Bank, where the present study was conducted. We present novel information on age, growth and the reproductive cycle of S. trispinosus, based on 814 individuals obtained from commercial fisheries’ landings and scientific collections, between 2010 and 2013. Sex ratio was biased toward females (1:8), and spawning occurred year-round with discrete peaks in February-March and June-December. Increment analysis indicated annual deposition of growth rings in otoliths, which presented 1–22 rings. The asymptotic length at which growth is zero (L∞) was estimated from a Bayesian logistic regression at 85.28 cm, growth rate (K) at 0.14 year−1, and the theoretical age at zero size (t0) at 0.16. Subregional demographic structuring was detected, with predominance of slower-growing individuals in shallower inshore reefs and predominance of faster-growing and older individuals in deeper offshore sites. We demonstrate that S. trispinosus is highly vulnerable to over-exploitation due to its large size, long live and slow-growth, and review the management measures proposed since its Red List assessment in 2012.

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Saha, Shilpi, Shamsunnahar, Subrina Sehrin, Anirban Sarker, Kazi Ahsan Habib, and Mohammad Abdul Baki. "First distributional record of sixteen Coral associated fish species from Saint Martin’s island, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 48, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i2.52368.

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The Bangladeshi reef fish species have not been studied thoroughly. An attempt has been made for taxonomic identification of coral-associated fish through morphological studies. Mostly dead and few live fishes were collected from local fishermen, fish landing zone, and fish markets in St. Martin’s Island, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, from October 2015 to July 2016, visiting seven times. Samples were also obtained from local boys who collected fishes by using hook and line. The study recorded the first occurrence of 16 coral-associated fish species such as Caesio cuning, Lethrinus ornatus, Upeneus suahelicus, Upeneus asymmetricus, Scarus taeniopterus, Scarus zufar, Bodianus neilli, Parapercis clathrata, Parapercis diplospilus, Pomadasys furcatus, Siganus fuscescens, Acanthopagrus berda, Gerres erythrourus, Lagocephalus spadiceus, Psettodes bennettii, and Heteroconger perissodon. Among them, Parapercis clathrata, Parapercis diplospilus belongs to the family Pinguipedidae before, no species was recorded under this family from Bangladesh and a rare and endemic species, Scarus zufar, of the Arabian Sea off Dhofar (Zufar), Oman in the Western Indian Ocean, was recorded for the first time in the Northern Indian Ocean in the northeastern part of Bay of Bengal. This study increased the number of coral-associated fish from 240 to 256 species and the number of families from 54 to 55 in the coral reef ecosystem of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 263-288, 2020

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Delrieu‐Trottin, Erwan, Laura Brosseau‐Acquaviva, Stefano Mona, Valentina Neglia, Emily C. Giles, Cristian Rapu‐Edmunds, and Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo. "Understanding the origin of the most isolated endemic reef fish fauna of the Indo‐Pacific: Coral reef fishes of Rapa Nui." Journal of Biogeography 46, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13531.

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Lobel, Phillip S., Lisa K. Lobel, and John E. Randall. "Johnston Atoll: Reef Fish Hybrid Zone between Hawaii and the Equatorial Pacific." Diversity 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12020083.

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Johnston Atoll is isolated in the Central Pacific Ocean (16°45′ N 169°31′ W) about 1287 km (800 miles) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii and 1440 km (900 miles) north of the equatorial Line Islands, Kiribati. The labrid species, Thalassoma lutescens, has a wide range of distribution in the equatorial Pacific. The related species, Thalassoma duperrey, is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The pelagic larvae of both species dispersed to Johnston Atoll, where we found a mix of adult phenotypes representing a range of hybridization events over generations. A hybrid acanthurid was also documented. In addition, the arrival and colonization of two pomacentrid (damselfish) species to the atoll was observed in 1999. These pomacentrid sister-species, Abudefduf abdominalis and A. vaigiensis, have become established populations with subsequent hybridization. The biogeography of the Johnston Atoll coral reef fish population shows some degree of local population retention. It is also evident that this biogeographic isolation is periodically compromised by large ocean current oscillations in the equatorial and central Pacific Ocean that bring larval fishes from either Hawaii or the Line Islands, and may distribute Johnston Atoll originating larvae elsewhere as well. The reef fauna and oceanography of this atoll provides the circumstances for improving scientific insight into marine fish speciation and island biogeography.

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Crean, A. J., S. E. Swearer, and H. M. Patterson. "Larval supply is a good predictor of recruitment in endemic but not non-endemic fish populations at a high latitude coral reef." Coral Reefs 29, no. 1 (November 14, 2009): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0566-9.

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MOURA, RODRIGO L., and KENYON C. LINDEMAN. "A new species of snapper (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Brazil, with comments on the distribution of Lutjanus griseus and L. apodus." Zootaxa 1422, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1422.1.2.

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Snappers of the family Lutjanidae contain several of the most important reef-fishery species in the tropical western Atlantic. Despite their importance, substantial gaps exist for both systematic and ecological information, especially for the southwestern Atlantic. Recent collecting efforts along the coast of Brazil have resulted in the discovery of many new reef-fish species, including commercially important parrotfishes (Scaridae) and grunts (Haemulidae). Based on field collecting, museum specimens, and literature records, we describe a new species of snapper, Lutjanus alexandrei, which is apparently endemic to the Brazilian coast. The newly settled and early juvenile life stages are also described. This species is common in many Brazilian reef and coastal estuarine systems where it has been often misidentified as the gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus, or the schoolmaster, L. apodus. Identification of the new species cast doubt on prior distributional assumptions about the southern ranges of L. griseus and L. apodus, and subsequent field and museum work confirmed that those species are not reliably recorded in Brazil. The taxonomic status of two Brazilian species previously referred to Lutjanus, Bodianus aya and Genyoroge canina, is reviewed to determine the number of valid Lutjanus species occurring in Brazil. Twelve species of Lutjanus are now recognized in the western Atlantic, eight of which occur in Brazil (one endemic). A key for the identification of all western Atlantic Lutjanus species and their known distributional ranges is also provided.

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van der Meer, Martin H., John B. Horne, Michael G. Gardner, Jean-Paul A. Hobbs, Morgan Pratchett, and Lynne van Herwerden. "Limited contemporary gene flow and high self-replenishment drives peripheral isolation in an endemic coral reef fish." Ecology and Evolution 3, no. 6 (April 29, 2013): 1653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.584.

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De Medeiros, Paulo Roberto, and Ana Maria Alves De Medeiros. "Physical, biological and human-induced effects on the reef fishes of Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil." Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências Exatas e da Natureza 1, no. 1 (May 26, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29215/pecen.v1i1.175.

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Vários fatores têm o potencial de influenciar a distribuição e a composição das comunidades de peixes recifais. Entre os mais importantes estão a rugosidade, a exposição às ondas, a cobertura do substrato e as atividades humanas. O presente estudo avaliou a influência desses fatores nos peixes recifais de áreas com um gradiente de restrição a atividades humanas no arquipélago Fernando de Noronha, nordeste do Brasil e determinou suas importâncias relativas para a ecologia de peixes recifais. A rugosidade não influenciou a riqueza de peixes, mas influenciou o número de indivíduos, de jovens e de espécies residentes, enquanto a cobertura bêntica não pareceu ser um determinante importante para quaisquer das variáveis de peixes avaliadas. Esses resultados sugerem que a disponibilidade de abrigo (proteção física) é mais limitante que a disponibilidade de alimento (i.e. cobertura bêntica). Além disso, hidrodinamismo apresentou valores relativamente baixos, porém, influenciando negativamente os peixes. As atividades recreativas, apesar de aparentemente não-impactantes, tiveram um efeito negativo na abundância de peixes, com a área parcialmente protegida (Atalaia) mostrando uma estrutura semelhante à área não-protegida (Porto). Esses resultados sugerem que a presença humana, mesmo em áreas fiscalizadas, pode interferir na estrutura dos peixes recifais. É necessário uma proposta de gestão e de práticas de turismo de baixo impacto especialmente nas áreas parcialmente protegidas e não-protegidas. Palavras chave: Oceano Atlântico, cobertura bêntica, peixes recifais, hidrodinamismo, turismo. Abstract: Several factors have the potential to influence the distribution and composition of reef fish communities. Amongst the most important are rugosity, wave exposure, substrate cover and human activities. The present study evaluated the influence of these factors on reef fishes from sites following a gradient of human-induced effects on the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, northeast Brazil and determined their relative importance to reef fish ecology. Rugosity did not influence fish richness, but had a positive influence on number of individuals, juveniles and endemic species, whereas benthic cover did not seem to be an important determinant for any fish variable evaluated. These results suggest that availability of shelter (physical protection) is more limiting than availability of food (i.e. benthic cover). Furthermore, water flow showed somewhat low values, but even so, had negative effects on fish numbers. Recreational activities, albeit seemingly non-impacting, had a negative effect on fish abundance with the partially protected site (Atalaia) showing a similar community structure to the unrestricted site (Porto). These results suggest that human presence, even when supervised, may interfere on reef fish structure. Low-impact tourism practices are required especially in partially protected and unprotected areas.Key words: Atlantic Ocean, benthic cover, reef fishes, hydrodynamics, tourism.

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Allison, C., C. Muller, A.-R. Childs, W. Froneman, LA Bailey, and WM Potts. "When cooling is worse than warming: investigations into the thermal tolerance of an endemic reef fish, Boopsoidea inornata." African Journal of Marine Science 43, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232x.2021.1922501.

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Milicich, MJ, and JH Choat. "Do Otoliths record changes in somatic growth rate? Conflicting evidence form a laboratory and field study of a temperate Reef Fish, Parika scaber." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 5 (1992): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9921203.

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Otolith increment widths in a temperate reef fish, Parika scaber (Pisces:Monacanthidae), have been shown to vary in different months and to correlate with changes in somatic growth rate. This results in the persistence of a constant otolith-size/fish-size relationship. In the present study, the response of otolith growth to laboratory-induced changes in body growth was determined over a 10-day period in December 1985. Juveniles were subjected to two ranges of temperature (19-21�C and 24-26�C) and three feeding levels (fully fed, partially fed, and starved) of a diet consisting of larvae of Opifex fuscus, an endemic mosquito. Fish were individually tagged to ensure that changes in growth rate and any associated changes in otolith microstructure could be accurately determined for any individual. Fully fed fish grew more slowly during treatment than they did prior to treatment, and starved fish did not grow at all. Partially fed fish exhibited a size-hierarchy effect, with larger fish increasing in body size at the expense of smaller individuals. No temperature effect on growth rate was recorded. In contrast to the results from an associated field study, otoliths of fully fed fish continued to increase at the same daily width despite the induced alteration in growth rate. Thus, otoliths were disproportionately large compared with estimates from the field. However, otoliths of starved fish were not as large as predicted from a continual production of daily rings at a constant width. Daily ring deposition may have ceased at different times during the experiment for the starved fish, depending on body size. Alternatively, deposition may have continued, but at a spacing that was not detectable by light microscopy. We conclude that adequate validation of response of otolith growth to changes in somatic growth is necessary before individual growth histories can be back-calculated. This is true even where strong evidence from the field suggests that back-calculation is possible.

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Fierro-Arcos, D., JR Marín Jarrín, O. Aburto-Oropeza, ES Harvey, E. Rastoin-Laplane, and P. Salinas-de-León. "Mangrove fish assemblages reflect the environmental diversity of the Galapagos Islands." Marine Ecology Progress Series 664 (April 15, 2021): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13628.

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Mangroves are important habitats for a variety of ecologically, commercially and culturally important fishes. However, little is known about their role within the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), and particularly in the Galapagos Archipelago, the westernmost limit for mangroves in the Americas, and the only oceanic islands in the TEP where mangroves are present. We describe patterns of fish composition in the 2 Galapagos bioregions where mangroves are present and assess potential environmental factors influencing fish community composition. Underwater Visual Census and Stereo Baited Remote Underwater Video stations (stereo-BRUVS) were used to sample fish communities. We identified 35029 fish representing 93 species, 67 genera and 36 families. Pomacentridae, Mugilidae, Haemulidae and Lutjanidae were the most common families. Juveniles made up 43% of the fish, 30 species were of importance to local artisanal fisheries and 80% of species were associated with reef habitats, suggesting mangroves in Galapagos may provide nursery habitats for economically valued species. Fish assemblage composition varied across bioregions, with 6 taxa responsible for driving these differences, including species of economic importance: Lutjanus novemfasciatus and Mycteroperca olfax. Species richness was 17% higher in the Central-Southeastern than in the Western region; while higher species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou’s evenness were detected with BRUVS than through visual censuses. Our results highlight the role of mangroves as a habitat for a unique fish community composed of young, endemic and commercially important species, whose composition is likely driven by the isolation of the islands and its location in a convergence zone.

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Cure, Katherine, Jean-Paul A. Hobbs, and Euan S. Harvey. "High recruitment associated with increased sea temperatures towards the southern range edge of a Western Australian endemic reef fish Choerodon rubescens (family Labridae)." Environmental Biology of Fishes 98, no. 4 (September 13, 2014): 1059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-014-0339-3.

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Vanderploeg, Henry A., Thomas F. Nalepa, David J. Jude, Edward L. Mills, Kristen T. Holeck, James R. Liebig, Igor A. Grigorovich, and Henn Ojaveer. "Dispersal and emerging ecological impacts of Ponto-Caspian species in the Laurentian Great Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-087.

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We describe, explain, and "predict" dispersal and ecosystem impacts of six Ponto-Caspian endemic species that recently invaded the Great Lakes via ballast water. The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and quagga mussel, Dreissena bugensis, continue to colonize hard and soft substrates of the Great Lakes and are changing ecosystem function through mechanisms of ecosystem engineering (increased water clarity and reef building), fouling native mussels, high particle filtration rate with selective rejection of colonial cyanobacteria in pseudofeces, alteration of nutrient ratios, and facilitation of the rapid spread of their Ponto-Caspian associates, the benthic amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, which feeds on zebra mussels. The tubenose goby,Proterorhinus marmoratus, which does not feed on zebra mussels, has not spread rapidly. Impacts of these benthic invaders vary with site: in some shallow areas, habitat changes and the Dreissena [Formula: see text] round goby [Formula: see text] piscivore food chain have improved conditions for certain native game fishes and waterfowl; in offshore waters, Dreissena is competing for settling algae with the native amphipod Diporeia spp., which are disappearing to the detriment of the native deep-water fish community. The predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi may compete with small fishes for zooplankton and increase food-chain length.

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Ricart, Aurora M., Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza, Carlos González-Salas, Marco Ortiz, Amílcar L. Cupul-Magaña, and Mehdi Adjeroud. "Coral reef fish assemblages at Clipperton Atoll (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and their relationship with coral cover." Scientia Marina 80, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04301.12b.

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Clipperton Atoll, one of the most isolated coral reefs worldwide, is of great scientific interest due to its geomorphology and high levels of endemism. This study explored the reef fish assemblage structure of Clipperton Atoll and its relationship with live coral cover. Nine stations were sampled at three sites and three depths (6, 12 and 20 m) around the reef, measuring fish species richness and biomass and hermatypic coral cover (at genus level). We evaluated variation in species richness, biomass and diversity of fish assemblages among sites and depths, as well as the relationship between the entire fish assemblage composition and live coral cover. The results showed that species richness and biomass were similar among sites, but differed across depths, increasing with depth. In contrast, diversity differed among sites but not among depths. Multivariate analyses indicated that fish assemblage composition differed among sites and depths in relation to changes in cover of coral of the genera Pocillopora, Porites, Pavona and Leptoseris, which dominate at different depths. The results showed that fish species richness and diversity were low at Clipperton Atoll and that, in isolated coral reefs with a low habitat heterogeneity and low human disturbance, live coral cover has a significant influence on the spatial variation of the reef fish assemblages. This study highlights the importance of coral habitat structure in shaping coral reef fish assemblages.

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Pyle, Richard L. "Assessing Undiscovered Fish Biodiversity on Deep Coral Reefs Using Advanced Self-Contained Diving Technology." Marine Technology Society Journal 34, no. 4 (January 1, 2000): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.34.4.11.

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Due primarily to limitations of existing technology, deep (60‐150 m) coral reefs have remained largely unexplored. In 1989 I began developing the use of mixed-gas SCUBA and other ‘technical’ diving techniques as a tool for ichthyological investigation of coral reefs at depths of 60‐150 m, and have since conducted initial exploratory expeditions to the Cook Islands, Papua New Guinea, and the Patau Islands. These expeditions yielded over 200 fish specimens, comprising more than 100 species representing 20 different families. Among these are more than fifty new species, three-quarters of which belong to the families Labridae, Gobiidae, and Serranidae, and the rest are among 9 other families. The number of new species within each family parallels that of the overall deep-reef species assemblage, except for Apogonidae with a total of 7 collected species, none of which were new. Analysis of specimens and videotape surveys of the ichthyofauna at one 90-m site in Patau suggests that as many as 70% of the species inhabiting this depth are undescribed. New species assemblages on deep reefs show comparatively low distributional overlap (both between different island groups, and between sites within each island group), suggesting higher rates of geographic endemism than for shallow-reef assemblages. Based on these and other observed patterns, conservative extrapolations suggest as many as 2,000 or more coral-reef fish species await discovery on deep coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific.

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Yalindua, Fione Yukita, Teguh Peristiwady, and Putri Saphira Ibrahim. "Update on New Species and Record of Fishes in the Coral Triangle Region for the Last 10 Years (2008-2019)." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 59230. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.59230.

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Updated data is an essential requirement for carrying out research, planning, and policy briefs. The Coral reef triangle region is one of the areas with the highest diversity of marine biota and the discovery of new species in this area are increasing every year, much of this information is already available. However, most of the data is not available per region and is still scattered. This study aims to create a checklist and assessment of new species and a new record of fishes from this region over the last ten years based on several aspects, including species composition, pattern of distribution, endemicity, and depth using every source of the report and secondary literature data. The current new species and a new record of fish in the last decades combined consists of 360 species (268 new species and 92 new records). The most speciose group of family dominated by Gobiidae (93), followed by Labridae, Pomacentridae and Serranidae (18), Apogonidae (17), Dasyatidae (15), and the rest were ranged from 1-9 species per family. More than half of new species and new records are found in Indonesia, followed by the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Island. The result shows that cryptobenthic Families especially Gobiidae from genus Trimma and eviota are dominated the trend of new species and new record discovery and it is expected to rise over time while there will also be an emergence of some possibly new endemic species from major and rare families from the eastern part of Indonesia (West Papua and Papua New Guinea). Thus, the eastern part of Indonesia (Papua, Maluku, Aru Sea, and Papua New Guinea) and the northern part of Indonesia (North Sulawesi and Philippine) are suitable for exploration for marine biodiversity discovery research in the future.

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Boland, Raymond C., K. David Hyrenbach, Edward E. DeMartini, Frank A. Parrish, and John J. Rooney. "Comparing mesophotic and shallow reef fish assemblages in the 'Au'au Channel, Hawaii: fish size, feeding guild composition, species richness, and endemism." Bulletin of Marine Science 96, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0031.

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Mesophotic (30–150 m) reef fish assemblages in the 'Au'au Channel, between the Hawaiian Islands of Maui and Lanai, were compared visually with neighboring shallow (<30 m depth) reef fish assemblages for differences in structure. Between 2007 and 2011, approximately 7000 mesophotic and 4000 shallow reef fishes were identified, sized (standard length), and assigned to seven foraging guilds. The shallow water zone had more species than the mesophotic zone (99 vs 80, respectively). Mesophotic planktivores and two herbivore species were significantly larger than their shallow reef counterparts. Shallow reef fish assemblages had a higher Chao1 estimated species richness for herbivores and corallivores but not the other five foraging guilds. The differences between mesophotic and shallow fish assemblages indicate that both have unique communities of high conservation importance.

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L. Jokiel, Paul, and Ku'ulei S. Rodgers. "Ranking coral ecosystem "health and value" for the islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago." Pacific Conservation Biology 13, no. 1 (2007): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc070060.

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An evaluation of the "health" and "value" of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) in relation to the main eight Hawaiian Islands (MHI) was undertaken as part of the process for evaluating the NWHI for possible designation of this area as a National Marine Sanctuary. Biological information for the NWHI region is very limited due to its extreme Isolation, but sufficient data on five important biological Indicators were developed for both the NWHI and the MHI. These Include: reef fish biomass, reef fish endemics, total living coral cover, population of the endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal Monachus schauinsandi, and the number of female Green Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas nesting annually on each island. These diverse data sets were used in a simple Integrated scoring and ranking scheme for all the islands of the archipelago. The resulting composite scoring is essentially an index of biological integrity. The final result graphically demonstrates the value of the NWHI in a manner easily understood by the public, government decision makers and managers. Further, the contrast of the NWHI to the MHI illustrates the diminished condition of reefs close to human population within the Hawaiian Archipelago. This approach proved to be very useful in the Integration of diverse data sets.

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LUIZ JR., OSMAR J., ALFREDO CARVALHO-FILHO, CARLOS E. L. FERREIRA, SERGIO R. FLOETER, JOÃO LUIZ GASPARINI, and IVAN SAZIMA. "The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation." Zootaxa 1807, no. 1 (June 23, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1807.1.1.

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A check-list containing 196 species of reef fishes recorded at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park is presented. Most of them occur along the tropical western Atlantic or occur on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. A minor part ranges to the temperate rocky reefs of Patagonia or are endemics to southeastern Brazil. Moringua edwardsi, Antennarius multiocellatus, Scorpaena dispar, Aulostomus strigosus, Lutjanus buccanella, Mulloidichthys martinicus and Halichoeres penrosei have here their ranges extended southwards to the São Paulo coast. Basic data on species abundance at the study site, distribution of species between habitat types, trophic structure, feeding symbiotic associations, and conservation are commented upon.

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Pyle, Richard L., Raymond Boland, Holly Bolick, Brian W. Bowen, Christina J. Bradley, Corinne Kane, Randall K. Kosaki, et al. "A comprehensive investigation of mesophotic coral ecosystems in the Hawaiian Archipelago." PeerJ 4 (October 4, 2016): e2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2475.

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Although the existence of coral-reef habitats at depths to 165 m in tropical regions has been known for decades, the richness, diversity, and ecological importance of mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) has only recently become widely acknowledged. During an interdisciplinary effort spanning more than two decades, we characterized the most expansive MCEs ever recorded, with vast macroalgal communities and areas of 100% coral cover between depths of 50–90 m extending for tens of km2in the Hawaiian Archipelago. We used a variety of sensors and techniques to establish geophysical characteristics. Biodiversity patterns were established from visual and video observations and collected specimens obtained from submersible, remotely operated vehicles and mixed-gas SCUBA and rebreather dives. Population dynamics based on age, growth and fecundity estimates of selected fish species were obtained from laser-videogrammetry, specimens, and otolith preparations. Trophic dynamics were determined using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analyses on more than 750 reef fishes. MCEs are associated with clear water and suitable substrate. In comparison to shallow reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago, inhabitants of MCEs have lower total diversity, harbor new and unique species, and have higher rates of endemism in fishes. Fish species present in shallow and mesophotic depths have similar population and trophic (except benthic invertivores) structures and high genetic connectivity with lower fecundity at mesophotic depths. MCEs in Hawai‘i are widespread but associated with specific geophysical characteristics. High genetic, ecological and trophic connectivity establish the potential for MCEs to serve as refugia for some species, but our results question the premise that MCEs are more resilient than shallow reefs. We found that endemism within MCEs increases with depth, and our results do not support suggestions of a global faunal break at 60 m. Our findings enhance the scientific foundations for conservation and management of MCEs, and provide a template for future interdisciplinary research on MCEs worldwide.

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Friedlander, Alan M., Mary K. Donovan, Edward E. DeMartini, and Brian W. Bowen. "Dominance of endemics in the reef fish assemblages of the Hawaiian Archipelago." Journal of Biogeography 47, no. 12 (September 23, 2020): 2584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13966.

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Luiz, Osmar J., Thiago C. Mendes, Diego R. Barneche, Carlos G. W. Ferreira, Ramon Noguchi, Roberto C. Villaça, Carlos A. Rangel, João L. Gasparini, and Carlos E. L. Ferreira. "Community structure of reef fishes on a remote oceanic island (St Peter and St Paul’s Archipelago, equatorial Atlantic): the relative influence of abiotic and biotic variables." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 8 (2015): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14150.

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This study investigates the reef fish community structure of the world’s smallest remote tropical island, the St Peter and St Paul’s Archipelago, in the equatorial Atlantic. The interplay between isolation, high endemism and low species richness makes the St Peter and St Paul’s Archipelago ecologically simpler than larger and highly connected shelf reef systems, making it an important natural laboratory for ecology and biogeography, particularly with respect to the effects of abiotic and biotic factors, and the functional organisation of such a depauperate community. Boosted regression trees were used to associate density, biomass and diversity of reef fishes with six abiotic and biotic variables, considering the community both as a whole and segregated into seven trophic groups. Depth was the most important explanatory variable across all models, although the direction of its effect varied with the type of response variable. Fish density peaked at intermediate depths, whereas biomass and biodiversity were respectively positively and negatively correlated with depth. Topographic complexity and wave exposure were less important in explaining variance within the fish community than depth. No effects of the predictor biotic variables were detected. Finally, we notice that most functional groups are represented by very few species, highlighting potential vulnerability to disturbances.

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Kane, Corinne, Randall K. Kosaki, and Daniel Wagner. "High levels of mesophotic reef fish endemism in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands." Bulletin of Marine Science 90, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2013.1053.

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Kosaki, Randall K., Richard L. Pyle, Jason C. Leonard, Brian B. Hauk, Robert K. Whitton, and Daniel Wagner. "100% endemism in mesophotic reef fish assemblages at Kure Atoll, Hawaiian Islands." Marine Biodiversity 47, no. 3 (May 26, 2016): 783–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0510-5.

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ZAJONZ, UWE, EDOUARD LAVERGNE, SERGEY V. BOGORODSKY, FOUAD NASEEB SAEED, MOTEAH SHEIKH AIDEED, and FRIEDHELM KRUPP. "Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen." Zootaxa 4636, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 1–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4636.1.1.

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The Socotra Archipelago, located in the eastern Gulf of Aden, has a unique marine environment which combines tropical and ‘pseudo-temperate’ elements. Studies on the fish biogeography of the archipelago, partially framed in regional studies, have substantially outpaced critical elementary research on the archipelago’s fish diversity. The present study seeks to close this gap and identifies the Socotra Archipelago as a major hotspot of coastal fish diversity in the Indian Ocean. The archipelago supports unique coastal fish assemblages which are predominantly composed of coral-associated (“reef”) species, in spite of the limited biogenic reef frameworks. A Preliminary Checklist comprises 682 species with confirmed records and a “Working List” includes an additional 51 records, totalling 733 faunal records in 108 families. The family Labridae is the most speciose, followed by Gobiidae, Pomacentridae, Serranidae and Chaetodontidae. The species richness of the archipelago is the highest when compared to adjacent Arabian ecoregions. The richness of the Acanthuridae, Chaetodontidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae and Pseudochromidae stand out as particularily high, and the richness of several families is as high as or higher than in the entire Red Sea. The total archipelagic richness is extrapolated at up to 875 species based on incidence-based richness models and expert opinion. Inshore fish inventories, covering 497 species, found between 14 and 132 species per site (x̄ = 66). Site diversity decreased across the archipelago from west to east and from north to south. Total fish diversity was highest around Socotra Island, followed by Abd al-Kuri & Kal Farun and Darsa & Samha. Occurrence frequencies were very unevenly distributed and dominated by Pomacentrus caeruleus and Thalassoma lunare, whilst many species were infrequent. The fish assemblages are dominated by species from the Indo-West Pacific and the north-western Indian Ocean. The assemblages are rich in rare species and hybrids, and include a low number of endemics (4–5), and a high number of species with far-reaching and Western Indian Ocean ranges.

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DeMartini, EE, and AM Friedlander. "Spatial patterns of endemism in shallow-water reef fish populations of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands." Marine Ecology Progress Series 271 (2004): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps271281.

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Parnell, Nicholas F., and J. Todd Streelman. "The macroecology of rapid evolutionary radiation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1717 (January 5, 2011): 2486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1950.

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A long-standing debate in ecology addresses whether community composition is the result of stochastic factors or assembly rules. Non-random, over-dispersed patterns of species co-occurrence have commonly been attributed to competition—a particularly important force in adaptive radiation. We thus examined the macroecology of the recently radiated cichlid rock-fish assemblage in Lake Malawi, Africa at a spectrum of increasingly fine spatial scales (entire lake to depth within rock-reef sites). Along this range of spatial scales, we observed a signal of community structure (decreased co-occurrence of species) at the largest and smallest scales, but not in between. Evidence suggests that the lakewide signature of structure is driven by extreme endemism and micro-allopatric speciation, while patterns of reduced co-occurrence with depth are indicative of species interactions. We identified a ‘core’ set of rock-reef species, found in combination throughout the lake, whose depth profiles exhibited replicated positive and negative correlation. Our results provide insight into how ecological communities may be structured differently at distinct spatial scales, re-emphasize the importance of local species interactions in community assembly, and further elucidate the processes shaping speciation in this model adaptive radiation.

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Pereira, Pedro H. C., Marcus Santos, Daniel L. Lippi, and Pedro Silva. "Ontogenetic foraging activity and feeding selectivity of the Brazilian endemic parrotfishScarus zelindae." PeerJ 4 (October 12, 2016): e2536. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2536.

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Parrotfish are fundamental species in controlling algal phase-shifts and ensuring the resilience of coral reefs. Nevertheless, little is known on their ecological role in the south-western Atlantic Ocean. The present study analysed the ontogenetic foraging activity and feeding selectivity of the Brazilian endemic parrotfishScarus zelindaeusing behavioural observation and benthic composition analyses. We found a significant negative relationship between fish size and feeding rates forS. zelindaeindividuals. Thus, terminal phase individuals forage with lower feeding rates compared to juveniles and initial phase individuals. The highest relative foraging frequency ofS. zelindaewas on epilithic algae matrix (EAM) with similar values for juveniles (86.6%), initial phase (88.1%) and terminal phase (88.6%) individuals. The second preferred benthos for juveniles was sponge (11.6%) compared with initial (4.5%) and terminal life phases (1.3%). Different life phases ofS. zelindaeforaged on different benthos according to their availability. Based on Ivlev’s electivity index, juveniles selected EAM and sponge, while initial phase and terminal phase individuals only selected EAM. Our findings demonstrate that the foraging frequency of the endemic parrotfishS. zelindaeis reduced according to body size and that there is a slight ontogenetic change in feeding selectivity. Therefore, ecological knowledge of ontogenetic variations on resource use is critical for the remaining parrotfish populations which have been dramatically reduced in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.

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Hodge, Jennifer R., Charmaine I. Read, Lynne van Herwerden, and David R. Bellwood. "The role of peripheral endemism in species diversification: Evidence from the coral reef fish genus Anampses (Family: Labridae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62, no. 2 (February 2012): 653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.007.

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Bejoy, M., N. P. Anish, B. J. Radhika, and G. M. Nair. "In vitro Propagation of Ochlandra wightii (Munro) Fisch.: An Endemic Reed of Southern Western Ghats India." Biotechnology(Faisalabad) 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2012.67.73.

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Campbell, Matthew A., D. Ross Robertson, Marta I. Vargas, Gerald R. Allen, and W. O. McMillan. "Multilocus molecular systematics of the circumtropical reef-fish genus Abudefduf (Pomacentridae): history, geography and ecology of speciation." PeerJ 6 (August 14, 2018): e5357. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5357.

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We investigated a pantropical sub-family and genus of damselfishes, the sergeant-majors (Pomacentridae: Abudefdufinae: Abudefduf), to identify the tempo and mechanisms of speciation in the lineage. We examined sequence capture data from 500 loci and 20 species, with multiple individuals sampled from across the geographic ranges of widespread species. Utilizing a maximum likelihood framework, as well as a time-calibrated Bayesian phylogeny, the following key questions are addressed: What is the historical tempo of speciation? What are the relative contributions of vicariant, peripatric and parapatric speciation to sergeant-major diversity? How is speciation related to major variation in trophic ecology? The approximately 20 species of sergeant-majors fall into three main lineages. The ancestral condition appears to be benthivory, which is predominant in two lineages comprising six species. The remaining species of sergeant-majors, of which there are at least 15, fall within a clade composed entirely of planktivores. This clade is sister to a benthivore clade that included one species, Abudefduf notatus, in transition to planktivory. Most speciation of sergeant-majors, which appeared ∼24 million years ago, occurred in the last 10 million years. Present distributional patterns indicate vicariant speciation precipitated by the closure of land barriers between both sides of the Atlantic and the Pacific, and the emergence of land between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Within this backdrop, frequent oscillations in sea level over the last 10 million years also appear to have generated conditions suitable for both peripatric and vicariant speciation, and most speciation within the genus appears linked to these changes in sea level. Diversification within the genus has been concentrated in planktivorous seargeant-majors rather than benthivores. The root cause is unclear, but does not appear to be related to differences in dispersal potential, which is greater in the planktivorous species, due to the ability of their post-larval juveniles to raft with floating debris. This elevated speciation rate in planktivores and their propensity to form local endemics may reflect relaxation of selective pressures (e.g., on crypticity) that limit speciation in benthivorous sergeant-majors. Finally, our data allow us to clarify relationships of geminate sergeant-major species, indicating that there are subdivisions within the Atlantic for both benthivore and planktivore geminate pairs that may have misled previous studies.

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Pratchett, Morgan S., Line K. Bay, Peter C. Gehrke, John D. Koehn, Kate Osborne, Robert L. Pressey, Hugh P. A. Sweatman, and David Wachenfeld. "Contribution of climate change to degradation and loss of critical fish habitats in Australian marine and freshwater environments." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 9 (2011): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10303.

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Australia’s aquatic ecosystems are unique, supporting a high diversity of species and high levels of endemism; however, they are also extremely vulnerable to climate change. The present review assesses climate-induced changes to structural habitats that have occurred in different aquatic ecosystems. Climatic impacts are often difficult to discern against the background of habitat degradation caused by more direct anthropogenic impacts. However, climate impacts will become more pronounced with ongoing changes in temperature, water chemistry, sea level, rainfall patterns and ocean currents. Each of these factors is likely to have specific effects on ecosystems, communities or species, and their relative importance varies across different marine and freshwater habitats. In the Murray–Darling Basin, the greatest concern relates to declines in surface water availability and riverine flow, owing to declining rainfall and increased evaporative loss. On the Great Barrier Reef, increasing temperatures and ocean acidification contribute to sustained and ongoing loss of habitat-forming corals. Despite the marked differences in major drivers and consequences of climate change, the solution is always the same. Greenhouse-gas emissions need to be reduced as a matter of urgency, while also minimising non-climatic disturbances. Together, these actions will maximise opportunities for adaptation by species and increase ecosystem resilience.

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AMIDON, FRED, RICHARD J. CAMP, ANN P. MARSHALL, THANE K. PRATT, LAURA WILLIAMS, PAUL RADLEY, and JUSTINE B. CRUZ. "Terrestrial bird population trends on Aguiguan (Goat Island), Mariana Islands." Bird Conservation International 24, no. 4 (April 2, 2014): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000021.

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SummaryThe island of Aguiguan is part of the Mariana archipelago and currently supports populations of four endemic species, including one endemic genus, Cleptornis. Bird population trends since 1982 were recently assessed on the neighbouring islands of Saipan, Tinian, and Rota indicating declines in some native species. Point-transect surveys were conducted in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assess population densities and trends on Aguiguan. Densities for six of the nine native birds—White-throated Ground-dove Gallicolumba xanthonura, Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris, Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons, Golden White-eye Cleptornis marchei, Bridled White-eye Zosterops conspicillatus and Micronesian Starling Aplonis opaca—and the non-native bird—Island Collared-dove Streptopelia bitorquata—were significantly greater in 2008 than in 1982. No differences in densities were detected among the surveys for Mariana Fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla, and Micronesian Myzomela Myzomela rubratra. Three federally and locally listed endangered birds—Nightingale Reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinius, Mariana Swiftlet Collocalia bartschi, and Micronesian Megapode Megapodius laperous)—were either not detected during the point-transect counts, the surveys were not appropriate for the species, or the numbers of birds detected were too small to estimate densities. The factors behind the increasing trends for some species are unknown but may be related to increased forest cover on the island since 1982. With declining trends for some native species on neighbouring islands, the increasing and stable trends on Aguiguan is good news for forest bird populations in the region, as Aguiguan populations can help support conservation efforts on other islands in the archipelago.

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Klanten, O. Selma, Michelle R. Gaither, Samuel Greaves, Kade Mills, Kristine O’Keeffe, John Turnbull, Rob McKinnon, and David J. Booth. "Genomic and morphological evidence of distinct populations in the endemic common (weedy) seadragon Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Syngnathidae) along the east coast of Australia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): e0243446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243446.

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The common or weedy seadragon, Phyllopteryx taeniolatus, is an iconic and endemic fish found across temperate reefs of southern Australia. Despite its charismatic nature, few studies have been published, and the extent of population sub-structuring remains poorly resolved. Here we used 7462 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify the extent of population structure in the weedy seadragon along the temperate southeast coast of Australia. We identified four populations, with strong genetic structure (FST = 0.562) between them. Both Discriminant Analysis of Principle Components (DAPC) and Bayesian clustering analyses support four distinct genetic clusters (north to south: central New South Wales, southern NSW, Victoria and Tasmania). In addition to these genetic differences, geographical variation in external morphology was recorded, with individuals from New South Wales shaped differently for a few measurements to those from the Mornington Peninsula (Victoria). We posit that these genetic and morphological differences suggest that the Victorian population of P. taeniolatus was historically isolated by the Bassian Isthmus during the last glacial maximum and should now be considered at least a distinct population. We also recorded high levels of genetic structure among the other locations. Based on the genomic and to a degree morphological evidence presented in this study, we recommend that the Victorian population be managed separately from the eastern populations (New South Wales and Tasmania).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Endemic reef fish'

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