Academic literature on the topic 'Ending Middle Ages'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ending Middle Ages"
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Classen, Albrecht. "The Never-Ending Story of the (German) Middle Ages: Philology, Hermeneutics, Medievalism, and Mysticism." Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 55, no. 2 (2001): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1348257.
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Prysyazhnyuk, V. "Medical treatment of animals in slavs in the middle ages." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 96 (2019): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9612.
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How the treatment of animals in Galicia evolved before the first printed veterinary works appeared today is little known to tell. The reason for this is the lack of relevant historical research in this area. However, this gap will no doubt be widened over time. This work is long and exhausting, since it is based on archival research and also on literature, which refers to a specific period. These will be pieces from different spheres of life, which, after proper segregation, will make it possible to complete this chapter. The above mentioned text of the treatment of horses by Slavs since 1394 is the oldest known mention of an equine doctor, as well as the salary for surgery and payment for medication. Confirming that in medieval Galicia, both the forging and the treatment of horses belonged to the blacksmith's duties. Preparation of medicines for horses was carried out by those who treated them. The blacksmiths, who were treated, began to be called Konoval. The oldest mention is recorded on parchment in 1505, also there is a guild sign of people of this profession. This is also evidenced by the engraving, whose origins date back to the Middle Ages. Blacksmiths are in the first place in the Middle Ages like equestrian doctors, they are already mentioned in the literature from the XI century. The grooms appear near the blacksmiths, but the name of the groom began dating only in the early 13th century. Since then, there are the first written mentions of poultry, falconers and dog-keepers. They were responsible for the care and treatment of the poultries or animals that had been cared for. In addition to agricultural content, there were also guidelines for the treatment and breeding of pets. In very few cases, veterinary writers describe the signs or causes of diseases, mainly by continuing to give the name of the disease and method of treatment. Therefore, treatment is empirical in the full sense of the word. Following the custom at the time of treatment, describe the treatment of each disease, as it is today in surgery, that is, starting from the head and ending at the feet. When the doctor could not make the correct diagnosis, he called the horse sick and recommended to treat it with a mixture consisting of butter, eggs and salt. By the term “attack” the author understood the signs of a very acute and usually fatal illness. Since drugs that deserve attention, we recommend sulfur, copper greens, turpentine, mustard, quicklime, mercury, tar, used as an ointment or liniment for external treatment. In addition to the aforementioned measures, the burning of the ferrous iron of the tumors was applied and then sprinkled with green copper, indicating the treatment of cutaneous form of sap. Medicines can be divided into three groups, namely: Medicinal products of vegetable, animal and mineral origin. The medicines were mixed and prepared mainly by the horse doctor, the medicines consisted mainly of home remedies and were readily available to anyone. In the liquid form were infused into the mouth, nose, enemas, ablution, bathing. Water, wine, vinegar and olive oil are the basis for liquid medicines. Ointments, suppositories, patches, pastes and poultices were used in the condensed form, Ointments are often used in a warm state. The basis for this was fats and wax. In the form of powdered substances that have blown into the eye or wounds. In addition to the above remedies, medicinal products and magical procedures were used for therapeutic purposes: words with superstitious signs related to religious worship were used to achieve treatment. Dressings and surgical instruments. A horn was served to deliver the medication, with certain preparations filled in the horn. Wounds were washed using a copper syringe. A leather bag made of the same material has replaced today's pourer. A hoof knife, a blood dispenser, a razor to remove hair are also mentioned, and also iron for burning ulcers and eczema. The dressing material is hemp yarn, scarves, mostly blue, spartan shale.
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Boone, Marc. "Urban Space and Political Conflict in Late Medieval Flanders." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 32, no. 4 (2002): 621–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219502317345538.
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Urban public space was a forum for political contests between cities of the Low Countries—particularly Ghent—and the late medieval Burgundian state. Contrary to much of the scholarship on the Low Countries' urban history of the late Middle Ages, civic space was independentof marketact ivities, however important these activities were. In the long fierce contests over rights and privileges waged by the late medieval cities of the southern Low Countries against princely hegemony, possession of civic spaces became the ultimate sign of political legitimacy. But their ultimate possessors often destroyed them, thus ending their power to confer legitimacy on future challengers and/or erasing memory of their defilement at the hands of pretenders.
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Страдомский, Ян, та Мария Иванова. "Несколько замечаний о необычной славянской редакции "Видения апостола Павла" из рукописных cобраний в Польше". Studia Ceranea 4 (30 грудня 2014): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.04.12.
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The apocryphal Apocalypse of St. Paul the Apostlebelongs to the group of early-Christian texts which exerted significant impact on people’s perceptionof the nether world and the Last Judgment. In the Middle Ages, the text was known in the area ofwestern and eastern Christian literary tradition. Numerous translations also include the renditionof the Apocalypse of St. Paul the Apostle into Church Slavonic, made in Bulgaria between the 10thand the 11th century, whose presence and distribution in the area of southern Slavdom and Rutheniais confirmed by copies of manuscripts. The article is devoted to a manuscript of the Apocalypse ofSt. Paul the Apostle hitherto overlooked in studies, whose unique form supplements and makes theSlavic textual tradition of the manuscript more comprehensible. The unique feature of the discussedcopy is supplementation of the text with an ending, present only in the ancient Syrian and Coptictranslations of the apocryphal text.
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Gunn, Dan. "The Significance of Shakespeare in Gabriel Josipovici’s Work." European Judaism 52, no. 1 (2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2019.520106.
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The present article seeks to analyse the place of Shakespeare’s work within the oeuvre of Gabriel Josipovici, starting with the latter’s first published critical book, The World and the Book, and ending with his most recent, Hamlet: Fold on Fold. In the early work Josipovici sought to establish a direct line between the Middle Ages and Modernism, yet Shakespeare was already a presence whose plays obliged that line to deviate. In his later critical work, such as On Trust, Shakespeare becomes one of the figures who allows Josipovici to exemplify clearly the crucial gap he wishes to explore between saying and doing. This gap is most fully explored in the recent book on Hamlet, where the protagonist is seen as the supreme literary example of what happens when the traditions governing doing have fallen away, leaving the character adrift in a sea of possibilities of utterance and action, none of which has the feel of necessity.
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Larkina, Marina, Lindsey Meister, and Jacqui Smith. "RETROSPECTIVE LIFE HISTORY SURVEY REVEALED AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY BUMP." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2559.
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Abstract The reminiscence bump is a well-documented autobiographical memory phenomenon characterized by middle-aged and older adults reporting a disproportionate number of memories from adolescence and early adulthood (Rubin, Wetzler, & Nebes, 1986). It is typically assessed through either cue word or important memory techniques. The Life History Mail Survey (LHMS) in the Health and Retirement Study affords unique data to investigate this phenomenon among a representative US sample of older adults. At the beginning of the LHMS, participants (N=3088, M age=70, range 50-107) completed a calendar noting the important things that happened to them in seven life decades, starting with ages 0-9 and ending by ages 70-79 (or their actual age). For each life period, we coded the number of events respondents reported. We observed significantly more memories reported for the age decade 20-29, compared with other life periods (80% vs 47-66%). Our results are consistent with previous findings in the autobiographical memory literature. Follow-up analyses evaluated existing theoretical accounts of the bump, such as cultural life script theory which suggests that life events occur in a specific order and are characterized by a prototypical life course. For example, we determined whether respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, such as age cohort, gender, marital and educational histories (information available in LHMS) influenced the size and temporal location of the reminiscence bump. We also analyzed the content of reported important life events to investigate whether types of events included in each decade of life are consistent with the cultural life script account of the phenomenon.
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Maiste, Juhan. "Artistic Genius versus the Hanse Canon from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern Age in Tallinn." Baltic Journal of Art History 20 (December 27, 2020): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2020.20.02.
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In the article, the author examines one of the most outstanding andproblematic periods in the art history of Tallinn as a Hanseatic city,which originated, on the one hand, in the Hanseatic tradition andthe medieval approach to Gothic transcendental realism, and onthe other, in the approach typical of the new art cities of Flanders,i.e. to see a reflection of the new illusory reality in the pictures. Acloser examination is made of two works of art imported to Tallinnin the late 15th century, i.e. the high altar in the Church of the HolySpirit by Bernt Notke and the altarpiece of Holy Mary, whichwas originally commissioned by the Brotherhood of Blackheadsfor the Dominican Monastery and is now in St Nicholas’ Church.Despite the differences in the iconography and style of the twoworks, their links to tradition and artistic geography, which in thisarticle are conditionally defined as the Hanse canon, are apparentin both of them.The methods and rules for classifying the transition from theMiddle Ages to the Modern Era were not critical nor exclusive.Rather they included a wide range of phenomena on the outskirtsof the major art centres starting from the clients and ending with
 the semantic significance of the picture, and the attributes that wereemployed to the individual experiences of the different masters,who were working together in the large workshops of Lübeck, andsomewhat later, in Bruges and Brussels.When ‘reading’ the Blackheads’ altar, a question arises of threedifferent styles, all of them were united by tradition and the waythat altars were produced in the large workshops for the extensiveart market that stretched from one end of the continent to the other,and even further from Lima to Narva. Under the supervision ofthe leading master and entrepreneur (Hans Memling?) two othermasters were working side by side in Bruges – Michel Sittow, whowas born in Tallinn, and the Master of the Legend of Saint Lucywere responsible for executing the task.In this article, the author has highlighted new points of reference,which on the one hand explain the complex issues of attributionof the Tallinn Blackheads’ altar, and on the other hand, placethe greatest opus in the Baltics in a broader context, where, inaddition to aesthetic ambitions, both the client and the workshopthat completed the order, played an extensive role. In this way,identifying a specific artist from among the others would usuallyremain a matter of discussion. Tallinn was a port and a wealthycommercial city at the foregates of the East where it took decadesfor the spirit of the Renaissance to penetrate and be assimilated.Instead of an unobstructed view we are offered uncertain andoften mixed values based on what we perceive through the veil ofsemantic research.
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Balyunov, I. V. "Tobolsk’s crockery at the end of the 16th–17th centuries: experience of classification." Archaeology and Ethnography 17, no. 5 (2018): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-5-120-129.
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Purpose. Fragments of clay vessels are the most massive findings from the cultural layer of the town of Tobolsk. The development of classification is the main task of the research of Tobolsk’s crockery with using statistical and comparative analyzes. Results. The classification of ceramic’s crockery at the ending of the 16th –17th centuries has a most importance for studying the archaeological materials of Russian settlements in Siberia. Their volumes have already reached immense sizes, but many questions of chronology and systematization remain unresolved. For solve this problem necessary to determinate the archaeological objects of the Russian population, where standing out the complexes of findings are reliably dated by a narrow period of time. At the end of the 16th –17th centuries objects are Lozvinsky Gorodok, Mangazeya, Berezovo, Albazinsky Ostrog characterized that period. In Tobolsk, during archaeological works, was singled out a cultural layer at the ending of the 16th –17th centuries, where the most massive findings are fragments of ceramic crockery. For create a classification of this collection necessary to learn experience of studying the materials of the other objects in Siberia. The most importance is using the system of statistical registration of ceramics from the epoch of the Russian Middle Ages, developed by V. Yu. Koval. Learning of Tobolsk crockery at the ending of the 16th – 17th centuries allows to distinguish the following forms of ceramic vessels: pots (a separate category of pots with plums), wash basins, bowls, frying pans, inkwells. Possibly to designate separately single findings of small pots, cups. The systematization forms of the upper parts of the pots allows to distinguish four types, each of them is divided in two variants. The main part of the crockery are made with the use of restorative roasting, it is defined as gray-brown. Better quality dark-gray glazed dishes (represented by single samples) can be defined as imported products. Conclusion. Previously, the local pottery production was formed under the influence of handicraft traditions that had emerged in the central part of the country. Tobolsk’s crockery at the ending of the 16th –17th centuries has many similarities with ceramics was found in the territory of the other Russian settlements in Siberia. Differences are also observed in the technology of production, in the character of the processing surface of crockery and others. We can do the conclusion that for each site there is a special ceramic complex, which requires detailed learning and systematization.
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Crawford, Gregory A. "Book Review: Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History." Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, no. 4 (2017): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56.4.304a.
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Designed to be comprehensive in its scope, this set covers major religious events from remote prehistory (ca. 60,000 BC) to the highly contemporaneous (AD 2014). Taken together, the editors have done an admirable job in choosing topics to cover and in compiling a highly readable, informative, and thought-provoking compilation. The first volume covers the period of prehistory to AD 600 and includes entries for topics as diverse as the first burials that indicate a belief in an afterlife found in Shanidar Cave, Iraq (ca. 60,000 BC), the discovery of the oldest human-made place of worship at Göbekli Tepe in modern Turkey (tenth millennium BC), the ritual use of alcohol (ca. third millennium BC), the founding of Buddhism (sixth to fourth centuries BC), the Roman conquest of Judaea in 63 BC, the conversion of Saul (Saint Paul) in AD 34, the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, and the papacy of Gregory the Great (reigned AD 590–604). Volume 2 covers from AD 600 to 1450, thus encompassing the Middle Ages in the West, the rise of Islam in the Middle East, the growth of Christian monasticism, the crusades, the development of the first universities in Europe, and the lives of Joan of Arc and Jan Hus. The final volume covers from 1450 to the present, starting with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks and ending with the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS, ISIL, or Daesh) in 2014.
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Avşin, Nurcan, Mehmet Korhan Erturaç, Eren Şahiner, and Tuncer Demir. "The Quaternary Climatic and Tectonic Development of the Murat River Valley (Muş Basin, Eastern Turkey) as Recorded by Fluvial Deposits Dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence." Quaternary 4, no. 3 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat4030029.
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The paper describes climatic and tectonic effects on fluvial processes of East Anatolia. This study from the Muş Basin contains three alluvial terrace levels (T3-T1) ranging from 30–35 m to 3–5 m above the present Murat River in its middle section. In order to provide a chronology for the evaluation of the significant, effects of climatic changes and tectonic uplift, we used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the river deposits of the youngest (T3) and medium terrace (T2). The ages from these terrace deposits show that the T3 has formed approximately 6.5 ka ago, i.e., during the last part of the Holocene (MIS 1) and T2 has formed nearly 25 ka ago, i.e., during MIS 2 at the ending of the last glacial period. According to these results, it appears that the Murat River established its terrace sequences both in cold and warm periods. The variations in climate oriented fluvial evolution between the East Anatolia fluvial system and the temperate-periglacial fluvial systems in Europe may be the conclusion of different vegetation cover and melting thicker snow coverings in cold periods.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ending Middle Ages"
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Argoud, Marianne. "Enjeux culturels des représentations murales alpines : Vallée de Suse (XIVe-XVIe siècles)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH032.
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La thèse consiste en une étude monographique analytique et transdisciplinaire des peintures médiévales à sujet religieux de la vallée de Suse (Piémont). Cette région présente en effet, et particulièrement dans cette longue fin du Moyen Âge, entre les XIVe et XVIe siècles, une aire géographique dense et fréquentée puisqu'il s'agit d'une des voies de traversée des Alpes par excellence. Articulée entre deux grandes entités politiques, les états de Savoie et le Dauphiné de Viennois, la vallée relève du diocèse de Turin mais connaît une agitation religieuse certaine par la présence vaudoise. Elle offre ainsi un panorama complexe et une lecture fascinante des vallées de montagne des Alpes occidentales. Son corpus de peintures murales conservées et documentées représente un matériel important pour son analyse à travers les représentations culturelles dans les images, suivant une approche anthropologique. À travers l'étude des caractéristiques iconographiques et stylistiques en parallèle des données pluricontextuelles religieuses, politiques et sociologiques, la recherche a pour objectifs d'analyser les enjeux culturels des représentations murales alpines. La thèse explore ainsi d'une part les interactions entre les territoires et les pouvoirs, les relations entre l'image et les pratiques religieuses. L'analyse se penche d'autre part sur les réceptions artistiques en lien potentiel avec les aléas historiques et religieux et l'implantation spatiale. Les effets de migration des artistes mais aussi la question des transferts culturels et artistiques les concernant sont traités, notamment à travers les relations entre les sites centraux et ceux de périphérie. L'objectif de la thèse est en effet d'esquisser une synthèse de la peinture murale valsusaine à la fin du Moyen Âge, tout en questionnant la problématique des cultures alpines, finalement plurielles, et leurs enjeux à travers l'image murale médiévale<br>The thesis comprises a monographic, analytic and transdisciplinary study of the medieval paintings with religious subject matters in the Susa valley (Piedmont). This area is densely populated and travelled, particularly during the long end of the Middle Ages between the XIVth and XVIth centuries, as it is one of the main thoroughfares through the Alps. Split between two major political entities, Savoy and the Dauphiné Viennois, the valley pertains to the diocese of Turin despite the religious turmoil due to the waldensian presence. Thus it offers a broad view of the complex and fascinating mountain valleys of the western Alps. Its corpus of preserved and documented wall paintings is a substantial material for analysis through cultural depictions with an anthropological approach. By studying distinctive iconographic and stylistic features concurrently with the pluricontextual religious, political, and sociological data, the study aims to analyse cultural stakes of alpine mural depictions. The thesis delves on the one hand into the interactions between territories and powers, the relationships of images with devotional customs. On the other hand the analysis looks into artistic receptions and their links to historical and religious vagaries or spatial settlements. The effects of artist migrations and the broader question of cultural and artistic transference they pertain to are also addressed, for instance through the relationship between central and peripheral sites. The objective of the thesis is indeed to sketch a summary of Susa valley paintings in the end of the Middle Ages, while surveying the issues of the subtly plural alpine cultures and their stakes through medieval murals
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Ling, Mu-Jie, and 凌牧傑. "Participating Motivation, Barrier Factors, and Coping Strategies of Enduring Involvement among the Middle-Aged Regular Joggers." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36202143951059707742.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>運動與休閒教育研究所<br>101<br>The purpose of this study was to explore the participating motivation, barrier factors, and coping strategies of enduring involvement among the middle-aged regular joggers. Based on the qualitative methods, ten middle-aged and regular joggers were interviewed by judgment sampling and using semi-structured interview. All of the data were rearranged, induced, compared, and analyzed by open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study indicated that the participating motivations of middle-aged joggers included health promotion, social support, stress relieving and self-realization. Barrier factors included intrapersonal barriers, interpersonal barriers and structural barriers. On the other hand, coping strategies of enduring involvement included self-exploration, self-adjustment, self-realization and encouragement and assistance of companions. Middle-aged regular jogger will pursue a higher level of needs when the low-level needs are satisfied. These needs make them have the motives continuously. The most general barrier is the physical state of intrapersonal barriers. The coping strategies of enduring involvement could be directed against different barriers, and be the paragons to other runners. The result of this study clarifies the formation process of participating motives, barrier factors of middle-aged regular joggers, and figures out how they overcome them and their enduring involvement. It also could help others to form a habit of jogging, and the policies establishing of jogging promotion. Ultimately, the study could be reference resources to other jogging research.
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Liu, Chu-Lin, and 劉祝琳. "Participating Motivations, Constraint Factors, and Coping Strategies of Enduring Involvement among the Middle-Aged Regular Tennis Participants." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78630337967284239268.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>運動與休閒教育研究所<br>103<br>The purpose of this study was to explore the participating motivation, constraint factors, and coping strategies of enduring involvement among the middle-aged regular tennis participants. Based on the theoretical saturated, sixteen middle-aged and regular tennis participants were interviewed by judgment sampling and using semi-structured interview. All of the data were rearranged, induced, compared, and analyzed by open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study indicated that the participating motivations of middle-aged tennis participants included health-related fitness, social support, stress adjustment and self-realization. Constraint factors included intrapersonal constraint, interpersonal constraint and structural constraint. On the other hand, coping strategies of enduring involvement included accept challenges, upgrading skill, committed investment and encouragement and assistance of companions. Middle-aged regular tennis participants will pursue a higher level of needs when the low-level needs are satisfied. These needs make them have the motives continuously. The most general constraint is the physical state of intrapersonal constraint. The coping strategies of enduring involvement could be directed against different constraint, and be the paragons to other tennis participants. The result of this study clarifies the formation process of participating motives, constraint factors of middle-aged regular tennis participants, and figures out how they overcome them and their enduring involvement. It also could help others to form a habit of tennis, and the policies establishing of tennis promotion. Ultimately, the study could be reference resources to other tennis research.
Key words: Participating Motives, Midlife Crisis, Regular Exercise, Qualitative Research
Books on the topic "Ending Middle Ages"
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David, Thompson, Nick Payne, Julian Barnes, Ed Rubin, and Ritesh Batra. The sense of an ending. 2017.
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FitzGerald, Brian. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808244.003.0001.
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The Introduction offers an overview of recent scholarship on medieval prophecy and provides the book’s interpretative framework. The book differs from much previous scholarship by examining how prophecy had a multiplicity of meanings besides prediction in the Middle Ages and by showing the significance of debates over those meanings. The chapter then explains the chronological parameters of the book, beginning in the twelfth century when prophecy became a subject of controversy and ending in the early fourteenth century when humanist intellectuals and poets began challenging the authority of scholastic theologians. The chapter ends by surveying the conceptual background to the book’s subject matter: the classical idea of the vates (poet-prophet) and patristic (particularly Augustinian) theories of prophecy and inspired vision. It shows how these concepts were combined with a functional-institutional model of prophecy derived from St Paul and left a tangled legacy that twelfth-century thinkers needed to resolve.
Book chapters on the topic "Ending Middle Ages"
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Cepas, Adela. "The Ending of the Roman City: The Case of Clunia in the Northern Plateau of Spain." In Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Brepols Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.sem-eb.3.3753.
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Ward, Graeme. "The Sense of an Ending in the Histories of Frechulf of Lisieux." In Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Brepols Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.celama-eb.5.120168.
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Kocher, Suzanne. "Desire, Parody, and Sexual Mores in the Ending of Hue de Rotelande’s Ipomedon: An Invitation Through the Looking Glass." In Sexuality in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times. Walter de Gruyter, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110209402.429.
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"Chapter 17. By Way of an Ending." In Pilgrims to Jerusalem in the Middle Ages. Columbia University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/char13230-019.
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"5. The Problem of the Ending of The Wife’s Lament." In Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Brepols Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.sem-eb.4.00029.
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Epstein, Stephan R. "The economy." In The Later Middle Ages. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198731641.003.0003.
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The economic history of the late Middle Ages is substantially better documented than that of earlier ages, thanks to thirteenth-century improvements in administration and commercial organization, and to the growth in urban literacy and numeracy. It is also substantially more complex, in that it includes no fewer than three distinct sub-periods: the tail of a secular wave of demographic and urban growth, economic expansion, and growing international trade associated with the late twelfth and thirteenth-century ‘commercial revolution’, that came to an end in the early 1300s; a century or more of demographic, economic, and social ‘crisis’, ‘involution’, ‘depression’, and ‘structural change’ ending in the mid- to late 1400s; and the first stages of a new, more dynamic, market-oriented, early capitalist upswing that lasted to the early 1600s. Consequently, interpretations of such a complex era have been intensely controversial. The chapter deals with the discussion and revision of the main issues related to such complexity.
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Vyse, Stuart. "3. The secularization of superstition." In Superstition: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198819257.003.0003.
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The five centuries beginning with the 14th and ending with the 18th took European history from the Middle Ages, through the Enlightenment, and into the first two centuries of the scientific age, which would mark the final turn in the meaning of superstition. ‘The secularization of superstition’ explains that this passage involved the flourishing of the humanities associated with the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and great advances in science—as well as deadly wars, plagues, inquisitions, and witch hunts. But the culmination of this period would produce the Enlightenment, a new age of reason, and a different form of attack on superstition and magic.
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Jahner, Jennifer. "Classroom Historicisms." In Literature and Law in the Era of Magna Carta. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847724.003.0002.
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This chapter situates the most popular compositional treatise of the later Middle Ages—Geoffrey of Vinsauf’s Poetria nova—against the backdrop of the English Interdict of 1208–14. The Poetria nova belongs to the cohort of new artes poetriae of the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Manuals designed to help grammar instructors teach verse and prose composition, they formulated lessons through examples drawn from the classical canon and the “real world” of contemporary affairs. Though rarely discussed as an occasional poem in its own right, Poetria nova shows itself very much concerned with the geopolitical tensions animating England and Rome during the time of its composition. Beginning with its lavish dedication to Pope Innocent III and ending with its plea on behalf of King John, the Poetria nova uses the occasion of the Interdict to explore the questions of mercy, judgment, and persuasion central to both rhetorical pedagogy and political diplomacy.
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Burrow, John A. "Poems Without Endings." In English Poets in the Late Middle Ages. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351219341-6.
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Ghoda, Manoj. "Never Ending Diarrhoea in a Middle Aged Man." In Bedtime Gastroenterology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10090_23.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Ending Middle Ages"
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Okuzawa, Takeru, Kushal Gupta, Tetsuro Takanishi, and Ahmedagha Eldaniz Hamidzada. "Successful to Isolate Original Reservoir by Coiled Tubing Cementing for Workover Wells." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202163-ms.
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Abstract In workover phase prior to commencing sidetrack operation, it is required to recover old existing completion string for isolating & abandoning existing reservoir section in accordance with well integrity and global well abandonment standards. Prior to utilization of the coiled tubing cementing approach, the practice was to recover all existing completion by cutting and pulling out the dual tubing or mill the permanent packer. After all the completion recovery, spot and squeeze cementing operations were conducted. However a major drawback of this process is, until recovering some part of completion string, the actual physical condition of the completion strings remains unknown and it poses high risk to get stuck in cased hole or end up in loosing accessibility inside completion string due to corrosion. Furthermore, in some of the old wells had failure to recover completion components like a dual flow assembly and a dual packer due to completion age, had led to improper zonal isolation. Even if all the old existing completion is recovered successfully, it consumes a lot of operation time and several fishing trips with overshot or junk mill BHA (Bottom Hole Assembly). In order to minimize the risk of being stuck or loosing accessibility and ending up failing to recover existing completion and to save operational time, the coiled tubing cementing was conducted to isolate existing reservoir and leave remaining parts of completion downhole. During the operation phase, injectivity test was performed by pumping sea water followed by bull heading kill fluid in to the reservoir. Losses rate was evaluated while observing the well, a high viscosity pill was spotted in order to treat losses and control loss rate. Coiled tubing was rigged up on Long string and run in hole to tag a landing nipple in existing completion string in order to have reference of depth corrected against ORTE (Original Rotary Table Elevation) depths while using the coiled tubing for operations. After having correct reference of depth with tagging completions nipple accessory, coiled tubing with slim OD cementing BHA was run in hole to tag PBTD (Plug Back Total Depth) and then picked up to certain depth while spotting cement slurry at controlled speed. Once the complete amount of slurry was spotted during picking up coiled tubing was pulled out to be away from cement slurry and then coiled tubing BOP (Blow Out Preventer) was closed and cement was squeezed in to the formation. After squeezing pre determined volume or archiving the lock up pressure, coiled tubing was pulled further up and circulated out to ensure all cement slurry out from coiled tubing (inside and outside). Top of cement was confirmed by tagging with the milling assembly connected to coiled tubing and the pressure test was performed after waiting on cement to confirm the integrity of the barrier. For short string, similar abandonment plug process was followed as that of the long string. After performing tagging operations, cement was spotted while pulling out the coil tubing to certain depth and then coil tubing was picked up above the cement to squeeze cement in to the formation. Similar coiled tubing cement operation for isolating lower perforations was performed on three other wells, and proper zonal isolation was achieved against reservoirs. This improved approach of abandoning lower reservoir prior to completions recovery proved to save 2-3 days of rig operational time in comparison to previous operations practices of recovering existing completion completely & then perform cementing operations for zonal isolation against each reservoir. Based on the successful result in three wells, it is concluded that this coiled tubing cement operation is effective for zonal isolation and provide savings in operation days.