Relevant bibliographies by topics / Endocrine glands

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Endocrine glands'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Endocrine glands"

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Yang, He, Bing Fang, Zixu Wang, Yaoxing Chen, and Yulan Dong. "The Timing Sequence and Mechanism of Aging in Endocrine Organs." Cells 12, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12070982.

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The world is increasingly aging, and there is an urgent need to find a safe and effective way to delay the aging of the body. It is well known that the endocrine glands are one of the most important organs in the context of aging. Failure of the endocrine glands lead to an abnormal hormonal environment, which in turn leads to many age-related diseases. The aging of endocrine glands is closely linked to oxidative stress, cellular autophagy, genetic damage, and hormone secretion. The first endocrine organ to undergo aging is the pineal gland, at around 6 years old. This is followed in order by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, gonads, pancreatic islets, and thyroid gland. This paper summarises the endocrine gland aging-related genes and pathways by bioinformatics analysis. In addition, it systematically summarises the changes in the structure and function of aging endocrine glands as well as the mechanisms of aging. This study will advance research in the field of aging and help in the intervention of age-related diseases.
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Sengoopta, Chandak. "Endocrine glands." Lancet 366, no. 9490 (September 2005): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67360-6.

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Calamita, Giuseppe, and Christine Delporte. "Insights into the Function of Aquaporins in Gastrointestinal Fluid Absorption and Secretion in Health and Disease." Cells 12, no. 17 (August 29, 2023): 2170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12172170.

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Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane proteins permeable to water, are involved in gastrointestinal secretion. The secretory products of the glands are delivered either to some organ cavities for exocrine glands or to the bloodstream for endocrine glands. The main secretory glands being part of the gastrointestinal system are salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner’s gland, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, intestinal goblet cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Due to their expression in gastrointestinal exocrine and endocrine glands, AQPs fulfill important roles in the secretion of various fluids involved in food handling. This review summarizes the contribution of AQPs in physiological and pathophysiological stages related to gastrointestinal secretion.
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Weckman, Andrea, Antonio Di Ieva, Fabio Rotondo, Luis V. Syro, Leon D. Ortiz, Kalman Kovacs, and Michael D. Cusimano. "Autophagy in the endocrine glands." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 52, no. 2 (April 2014): R151—R163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-13-0241.

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Autophagy is an important cellular process involving the degradation of intracellular components. Its regulation is complex and while there are many methods available, there is currently no single effective way of detecting and monitoring autophagy. It has several cellular functions that are conserved throughout the body, as well as a variety of different physiological roles depending on the context of its occurrence in the body. Autophagy is also involved in the pathology of a wide range of diseases. Within the endocrine system, autophagy has both its traditional conserved functions and specific functions. In the endocrine glands, autophagy plays a critical role in controlling intracellular hormone levels. In peptide-secreting cells of glands such as the pituitary gland, crinophagy, a specific form of autophagy, targets the secretory granules to control the levels of stored hormone. In steroid-secreting cells of glands such as the testes and adrenal gland, autophagy targets the steroid-producing organelles. The dysregulation of autophagy in the endocrine glands leads to several different endocrine diseases such as diabetes and infertility. This review aims to clarify the known roles of autophagy in the physiology of the endocrine system, as well as in various endocrine diseases.
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Bubnov, A. A., K. Yu Slashchuk, E. A. Shirshin, and V. Yu Timoshenko. "Intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands during endocrine surgery." Endocrine Surgery 15, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/serg12724.

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Nowadays, diabetes and diseases of thyroid gland take place on the first two stage in the rank of all endocrine diseases. There are 3 directions to treat thyroid glands pathologies such as: using special pills which substitute natural thyroid hormones, surgery and radioiodine therapy. It has proven that surgery of thyroid gland is the most effective method among considering upper. at The same time, it is associated with the greatest risks of complications. The most common injuries are damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and unintentional traumatization or removal of a healthy parathyroid gland. Parathyroid gland is a critical organ during thyroid surgery. It means that all negative reaction nearby the structure can lead to development different complications: hypoparathyroidism (transient or chronic) and hypocalcemia. In this article is considered actual methods of intraoperative optical visualization of parathyroid glans. The fundamental foundations of such methods, their advantages and disadvantages are also analyzed. It is shown that fluorescent methods in the red and near infrared regions of the spectrum using exogenous dyes have essential importance for endocrine surgery, as they allow to improve identification and reduce the risk of postoperative complications.
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Khan, Yousaf. "Chemicals that Disrupt the Endocrine System and their Effects on Human Health." Open Access Journal of Endocrinology 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oaje-16000179.

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Endocrine glands are the important glands of human that performs certain functions and has specific characteristics. The main function of these glands is that they regulate the whole system by producing hormones which they produce indigenously and pours them directly in the blood for a targeted action and all of their functions are involuntary. They are specifically ductless glands and their course of action is regulated by a pea size Pituitary gland or sometimes referred as the Master Gland. Until now, very less has been known about these glands that their actions or functions are being interrupted or disturbed by chemicals or other environmental actions. There are certain chemicals which include chlorpyrifos, DDT, insecticides, pesticides, fungicides and other daily use items such as plastics, paints, furniture, perfumes, toys polishes, electronic gadgets, items of food packaging are reported to have disturbed the normal hormonal functions in humans that are leading to numerous diseases due to either lack of production of specific hormone or increased production of a specific hormone by the action of these chemicals. The diseases that are commonly reported due to the action of the above chemicals and daily use items includes neurological disorders, behavioral disorders, metabolic dysfunction leading to obesity or weakness, thyroid dysfunction, reproductive disturbances and several others that can prove fatal and lead to cancer as well.
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GIRAUD, CLIVE H. "THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS." Australasian Journal of Optometry 15, no. 7 (April 19, 2010): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1932.tb01112.x.

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Batrinos, Menelaos. "The aging of the endocrine hypothalamus and its dependent endocrine glands." HORMONES 11, no. 3 (July 15, 2012): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1354.

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K, Navya. "Clinical Endocrinology: A Review of Adrenal Gland Hormonal and Endocrine Metabolic Disorders." Endocrinology and Disorders 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/003.

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The adrenal glands are controlled in part by the brain. The hypothalamus, a small area of the brain involved in hormonal regulation, produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone). Vasopressin and CRH trigger the pituitary gland to secrete corticotropin (also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce corticosteroids. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, regulated mostly by the kidneys, causes the adrenal glands to produce more or less aldosterone. The body controls the levels of corticosteroids according to need. The levels tend to be much higher in the early morning than later in the day. When the body is stressed, due to illness or otherwise, the levels of corticosteroids increase dramatically.
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Breathnach, CS. "Neural integration of the hormonal contribution to homeostasis." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 7, no. 2 (September 1990): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700016797.

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AbstractApart from well known areas of overlap between endocrinology and psychiatry (e.g. studies, in psychiatric disorders, of neurohormones and of the response to manipulations of hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis, and analysis of behavioural and psychological disturbances in endocrinological disorders) there is a more intimate intrinsic relationship between the brain and the endocrine system which is less well known or studied. Many of the extracranial endocrine glands have autonomic innervation. Like the pituitary gland which is under direct neural (as well as humoral) diencephalic control, the extracranial endocrine glands are under direct neural control, integrated by the hypothalamus and “head ganglion of the autonomic nervous system”. Yet it is only in the case of the pancreatic islets that this integration has been clearly defined. It is postulated that by this innervation the somatic endocrine glands can respond to homeostatic needs with a rapid initial secretion before the more sustained outpouring of humoral agents typically regulated by blood-borne constituents including pituitary hormones. This is a vast area awaiting further investigation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Endocrine glands"

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Kasaian, Katayoon. "Genomic analysis of head and neck endocrine glands." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54936.

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Discovering biomarkers and molecular drivers of head and neck endocrine tumors was the inspiration for this thesis. Here, I describe the molecular evaluation of tumors of the thyroid and parathyroid endocrine glands for the purpose of identifying somatic driver alterations in these cancers. While molecular interplay of the germline genomic background of an individual and the somatic genome that emerges throughout the lifetime plays significant roles in increasing the susceptibility to cancer and in driving the malignant phenotype, the major known contributors to cancer remain the acquired somatic mutations. Analysis of a sporadic and recurring parathyroid carcinoma, with incidence of 1 per million population, revealed mutations in mTOR, MLL2, CDKN2C and PIK3CA and comparison of patient-matched primary and recurrent malignant tumors uncovered loss of PIK3CA activating mutation during the evolution of the tumor. Loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 along with somatic missense and truncating mutations in CDKN2C and THRAP3 provided new evidence for the potential role of these as tumor suppressors. Hürthle cell thyroid carcinoma accounts for a small proportion of all thyroid cancers; however, this malignancy often presents at an advanced stage and poses unique challenges. Genomic analysis revealed large regions of copy number variation encompassing nearly the entire genomes accompanied also by near haploidization. Moreover, I identified loss-of-function mutations of the tumor suppressor gene MEN1 in 4% of patients. Repeated alterations of the epigenetic machinery in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, one of the most fatal of all adult solid malignancies, and novel gene fusions including MKRN1-BRAF, FGFR2-OGDH and SS18-SLC5A11 are reported here. The transcriptomic analysis suggested known drug targets such as FGFRs, VEGFRs, KIT and RET to have low expressions in this cancer; however, through integrative data analysis, I identified the mTOR signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Molecular analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid nodules revealed very low mutation rates in these tumors with CYP1B1, PTPRE, CTSH and RUNX1 emerging as promising diagnostic markers. The key somatic mutations identified in these studies can serve as novel diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets.
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Olsson, Tommy. "Endocrine studies in stroke patients." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicin, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101772.

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There are a number of links between the endocrine system and the nervous system. In this study, the impact of ischemic stroke on the endocrine system was investigated. Elderly volunteers were studied because data regarding the influence of advanced age on endocrine parameters were lacking. Only small differences in pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal hormone axes were found between two groups of elderly patients, 60 and 80 years of age. The 80-year-old age group had a lower thyrotropin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and a decline in dopamine excretion. Patients with acute ischemic stroke showed a pronounced hypercortisolism studied by the dexamethasone test and urine free cortisol measurements. In multiple regression analyses, postdexamethasone cortisol levels were positively correlated to proximity of the lesion to the frontal pole of the brain and disorientation. Urine cortisol levels were predicted by limb paresis, disorientation and body temperature. High cortisol excretion was associated with a worse functional outcome. Norepinephrine excretion was correlated to urine cortisol levels and to motor impairment. Patients with acute stroke had elevated free thyroxin indices. A paradoxical growth hormone response to TRH was found in the majority of stroke patients. In a multiple regression model disorientation was negatively correlated to thyrotropin response after TRH and positively correlated to prolactin response. Growth hormone response to TRH was associated with extensive paresis. In a cohort study diabetic and non-diabetic patients were prospectively studied after an initial stroke. Diabetes mellitus adversely influenced survival, the risk for a recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction.

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Newey, Paul J. "The role of the tumour suppressor proteins, parafibromin and menin, in endocrine tumourigenesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711613.

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Jones, Maren Bell. "Effects and interactions of endocrine disrupting chemicals and diet on the mouse reproductive system." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5006.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 29, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Jacobsson, Gunilla. "Proteins regulating vesicular docking and fusion : histochemical studies on their presence and regulation in endocrine, neuroendocrine and neuronal cells /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2775-8.

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Park, June-Woo. "Development and validation of novel molecular techniques to elucidate mechanisms of endocrine disruption." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Zoology-Environmental Toxicology, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Mar. 30, 2009) Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Lessey, Andrew James. "The role of C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) on pituitary development and body growth in zebrafish : molecular investigations of neuroendocrine development." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701675.

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Dwyer, Virginia Michelle Gregory 1955. "A STUDY OF PINEAL GLAND POLYPEPTIDES AND PROTEINS BY POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING (PAG-IEF) AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS (2DE) (BRAIN REGIONS)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276560.

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Chu, Xia. "Aspects of MEN1 Tumorigenesis in Endocrine Pancreas and Adrenal Glands." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Endokrin Onkologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254817.

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Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease, which is described as an association of tumors mainly in endocrine organs, including pancreas and adrenal glands. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are the most common cause of death in MEN1 patients. More than one third of the MEN1 patients also develop enlargement of the adrenals. MEN1 is caused by a germline mutation of MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene that is located on the human chromosome 11. As noticed, the MEN1 related tumors often develop prior to inactivation of both wild type alleles, indicating MEN1 haploinsufficiency. In this thesis, I utilized a conventional Men1 mouse model that has the phenotype mimicking the human MEN 1 traits, in order to investigate MEN1 tumorigenesis in endocrine pancreas and adrenal glands.   The microvascular aberrations contributing to development and maintenance of PNETs were characterized. The increased vascular density of PNETs developed in the Men1 mice was paralleled by an early and extensive redistribution of pericytes within endocrine tissue. These morphological alterations were supported by fine-tuned variations in expression of several angiogenic regulators  (VEGF, FGF and PDGF) and were further potentiated by hypoxia. Vascular reactivity and blood perfusion of tumor arterioles were significantly altered in response to glucose and L-nitro-arginine methyl ester. Investigation of adrenals from10-month-old Men1 mice showed 681 proteins in mass spectrometry data sets, in which 52 proteins were commonly found in the Men1+/+ and Men1+/- adrenals, and the differential expression between the genotypes reached significant levels. Prdx3, catalyzing the reduction of oxidative stress to cell survival, is one of the overexpressed proteins. Some proteins belonging to the PPARα pathway, e.g. ACLY were also overexpressed. Subsequent microRNA (miRNA) profiling analysis of adrenals from the same age group revealed 31 miRNAs whose expression was significantly altered in comparison between the genotypes. The tumor suppressor miRNAs, miR-486, miR-330 and miR-214, were significantly downregulated in Men1+/- adrenals. The latter, miR-214, is known to inhibit ACLY expression. This finding was in concordance with the proteomic analysis. The oncogene miRNAs, miR-132 and miR-494, were significantly enhanced in the Men1+/- adrenals. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated overrepresentation of the miRNA-targeted genes that are involved in nucleic acid metabolism, vasculature development, angiogenesis, and transcription. Together, these finding after validation in humans may be exploited to improve MEN1 cancer treatment.
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Batisweiler, Georgia. "Kognitive Leistungen bei Patienten mit angeborenen und erworbenen Hormonstörungen." München : Universität der Bundeswehr München, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945083.html.

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Books on the topic "Endocrine glands"

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Klosterman, Lorrie. Endocrine system. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2009.

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D, Hay Ian, and Wass J. A. H, eds. Clinical endocrine oncology. 2nd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Pub., 2008.

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D, Hay Ian, and Wass J. A. H, eds. Clinical endocrine oncology. 2nd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2008.

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Sturgeon, Cord. Endocrine Neoplasia. Boston, MA: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010.

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Chung-yau, Lo, Inabnet William B, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Endocrine Surgery: Principles and Practice. London: Springer-Verlag London, 2009.

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Simon, Chantal, and Michael (director) Moore. Endocrine Problems. USA: Oxford University Press, 2006.

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H, Clark Orlo, and Weber Carlos A, eds. Endocrine surgery. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders, 1987.

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H, Clark Orlo, Duh Quan-Yang, and Siperstein Allan E, eds. Endocrine surgery. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders, 1995.

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Hart, Romeo June, ed. Endocrine disorders. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1996.

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1944-, Griffin James E., and Ojeda Sergio R, eds. Textbook of endocrine physiology. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Endocrine glands"

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Bacon, Robert L., and Nelson R. Niles. "Endocrine Glands." In Medical Histology, 313–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8199-0_16.

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Rijnberk, A., and B. E. Belshaw. "Endocrine glands." In Medical History and Physical Examination in Companion Animals, 263–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0459-3_21.

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Peterson, Richard A., Sundeep Chandra, and Mark J. Hoenerhoff. "Endocrine Glands." In Toxicologic Pathology, 827–88. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429504624-19.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Endocrine Glands." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 889. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13640.

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Huang, Tao, and Xin Jing. "Endocrine Glands." In Normal Cytology, 51–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20336-7_6.

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Lloyd, Ricardo V. "Parathyroid Glands." In Endocrine Pathology, 71–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3346-6_4.

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Scadding, J. G., and D. N. Mitchell. "The Endocrine Glands." In Sarcoidosis, 349–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2971-6_16.

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Gopinath, C., D. E. Prentice, and D. J. Lewis. "The Endocrine Glands." In Atlas of Experimental Toxicological Pathology, 104–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3189-3_8.

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Krause, William J. "Classic Endocrine Glands." In A Review of Histogenesis/Organogenesis in the Developing North American Opossum (Didelphis virginiana), 95–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72216-5_6.

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Bussière, F., J. Darcourt, J. Drouillard, V. Gense, M. Gray, and R. Lecesne. "Parathyroid Glands." In Radiological Imaging of Endocrine Diseases, 181–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59965-1_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Endocrine glands"

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Toqueton, Tainá Rodrigues, Kleyton Matheus Honorato Muniz, João Victor Bezerra Massa, Délio Guerra Sampaio Lima Araujo, Iesser Nick Lauar Barbosa, Márcio Henrique de Carvalho Ribeiro, Alisson Phelipe Dias Braga, Marcus Antonio Studart da Cunha Frota, and Igor Costa Santos. "Surgical approach in the treatment of endocrine tumors." In II SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL AND NURSING CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/iicongressmedicalnursing-024.

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The surgical approach in the treatment of endocrine tumors is a topic of great relevance in medicine, since these tumors can originate in endocrine glands or tissues that produce hormones, impacting the hormonal balance of the body.
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Yaglova, N. V., S. S. Obernikhin, and V. V. Yaglov. "DEUTERIUM: REGULATOR OR DISRUPTOR OF THYROID FUNCTION?" In NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. LLC Institute Information Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-3-8.35-39.

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The article discusses novel data on impact of altered deuterium body content on endocrine function. The paper represents the results of investigation of thyroid hormones and pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone production during gradual increase of deuterium body content. The research revealed sensitivity of the endocrine glands to changes in deuterium content. The revealed findings are considered from the point of view of the regulatory and dysregula-tory aspects of action of the hydrogen isotope on hormone genesis.
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Obernikhin, Sergey Stanislavovich, Nataliya Valentinovna Yaglova, Valentin Vasilyevich Yaglov, and Svetlana Vladimirovna Nazimova. "TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF RAT ADRENAL ZONA GLOMERULOSA POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT EXPOSED TO LOW DOSES OF DDT." In International conference New technologies in medicine, biology, pharmacology and ecology (NT +M&Ec ' 2020). Institute of information technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-0-7.09.

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The role of the transcription factor Oct4 and canonical Wnt signaling in the postnatal morphogenesis of the glomerular zone of the adrenal glands of rats under the conditions of pre- and postnatal exposure to low doses of DDT endocrine disruptor was determined.
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Остроухова, Оксана Николаевна, Марина Валерьевна Лущик, and Ксения Евгеньевна Рыбалова. "PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ADRENAL PATHOLOGY TRANSFORMATIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM." In Фундаментальные и прикладные исследования. Актуальные проблемы и достижения: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/fipi328.2022.31.33.003.

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Изменения в работе желёз внутренней секреции неизбежно сказывается на всех органах и системах, и особенно на органах кровообращения. Это проявляется нарушением сердечного ритма, регуляции артериального давления, липидного обмена и многим другим. Transformations in the endocrine glands work inevitably affect all organs and systems, especially the circulatory organs. This is manifested by violation of heart rhythm, blood pressure regulation, lipid metabolism and many others.
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Mai Lu and Xiao-Yan Wu. "Age-dependent of electromagnetic absorption in human endocrine glands for using mobile phones." In 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers.2016.7735822.

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Nogovitsina, Elena Alexandrovna. "Morphological evaluation of the endocrine glands under industrial stress and their pharmacological prevention." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: VETERINARY MEDICINE, AGRICULTURE, ENGINEERING AND ECOLOGY” (VMAEE2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0148283.

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Mai Lu and Xiao-Yan Wu. "Study of specific absorption rate (SAR) induced in human endocrine glands for using mobile phones." In 2016 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apemc.2016.7522951.

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Khlebalina, A. S., and A. M. Lunegov. "Antiseptic-stimulator dorogova as an effective basis for the development of new methods for the treatment of animals." In SPbVetScience. FSBEI HE St. Petersburg SUVM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/3006-2022-7-84-93.

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The article presents data on the use and study of Dorogov's antiseptic-stimulator in various dosage forms. The results of the use of ASD-2F in animal husbandry, pig breeding and poultry farming showed a stimulating effect on the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract, the secretion of the digestive glands, and an increase in the activity of digestive and tissue enzymes. And also Dorogov's antiseptic stimulant has a regulatory effect on the immune and endocrine systems, increases metabolism, reserve blood alkalinity, tissue regeneration processes, when using atraumatic dressings in the treatment of lacerations in cows, bulls and dogs.
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Kaziakhmedova, C. A., O. V. Glazova, and P. Yu Volchkov. "DETECTION OF TRANSCRIPTOMIC DIFFERENCES IN CELL POPULATIONS OF ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS IN NORMAL CONDITIONS AND IN CYP21A1 GENE MUTATIONS." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-326.

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The adrenal glands are an important endocrine organ producing corticosteroids and catecholamines. Pathologies that lead to a decrease in the endogenous production of all or some of the adrenal hormones are often caused by mutations in the genes of proteins responsible for various stages of their synthesis. One of the most common disorders of this type is congenital adrenal dysfunction (CAD) caused by mutations in the CYP21A2 (Cyp21a1) gene. In the most severe cases, the course of this disease can lead to such life-threatening conditions as an adrenal crisis. Identification of differences in the transcriptional profile of adrenocortical cells in normal and pathological conditions will help to study the course of the disease at a deeper, molecular level, which is feasible due to the rapid development of omics technologies. The purpose of this research work is to determine significant differences in the cell populations of adrenocortical cells in wild-type mice and mice with mutations in the Cyp21a1 gene.
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Gottlieb, O., S. R. Chipkin, L. Ioffe, and Y. Chait. "Self-Excited Oscillations in a System Model of the Human Thyroid." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4287.

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The thyroid, the largest gland in the endocrine system, secretes hormones that regulate homeostatic functions within the body and promote normal growth and development. Recently, a detailed computational model of the thyroid gland has been derived and used to explain clinical observations regarding the thyroid gland’s ability to maintain its hormonal secretion target in the face of uncertain dietary iodine intake levels. In this paper we probe deeper into the thyroid’s nonlinear dynamics. We first reduce the original model to an eight-order dynamical system, analytically determine that a Hopf mechanism governs the loss of stability of thyroid equilibrium, culminating with numerically obtained periodic limit-cycle behavior beyond the critical threshold. We numerically investigate the orbital stability of periodic thyroid dynamics via its harmonic perturbation and construct a bifurcation structure that includes both periodic and subharmonic mode-locked solutions embedded within a set of quasiperiodic tori. An increase of the perturbation parameter reveals a similar and structurally stable bifurcation structure. Thus, the analysis of our nonlinear thyroid model shows that the gland can exhibit both a stable equilibrium and periodic limit-cycle behavior which can lose its orbital stability due to small harmonic perturbations.
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Reports on the topic "Endocrine glands"

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McGuire, Mark A., Amichai Arieli, Israel Bruckental, and Dale E. Bauman. Increasing Mammary Protein Synthesis through Endocrine and Nutritional Signals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7574338.bard.

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Objectives To determine endocrine factors that regulate the partitioning of amino acids by the mammary gland. To evaluate dietary flow and supply of energy and amino acids and their effects on milk protein synthesis and endocrine status. To use primary cultures of cow mammary epithelial cells to examine the role of specific factors on the rates and pattern of milk protein synthesis. Milk protein is an increasingly valuable component of milk but little is known regarding the specific hormonal and nutritional factors controlling milk protein synthesis. The research conducted for this project has determined that milk protein synthesis has the potential to be enhanced much greater than previously believed. Increases of over 25% in milk protein percent and yield were detected in studies utilizing abomasal infusion of casein and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Thus, it appears that insulin, either directly or indirectly, can elicit a substantial increase in milk protein synthesis if additional amino acids are supplied. For additional amino acids, casein provided the best response even though substantial decreases in branched chain amino acids occur when the insulin clamp is utilized. Branched chain amino acids alone are incapable of supporting the enhanced milk protein output. The mammary gland can vary both blood flow and extraction efficiency of amino acids to support protein synthesis. A mammary culture system was used to demonstrate specific endocrine effects on milk protein synthesis. Insulin-like growth factor-I when substituted for insulin was able to enhance casein and a-lactalbumin mRNA. This suggests that insulin is a indirect regulator of milk protein synthesis working through the IGF system to control mammary production of casein and a-lactalbumin. Principal component analysis determined that carbohydrate had the greatest effect on milk protein yield with protein supply only having minor effects. Work in cattle determined that the site of digestion of starch did not affect milk composition alone but the degradability of starch and protein in the rumen can interact to alter milk yield. Cows fed diets with a high degree of rumen undegradability failed to specifically enhance milk protein but produced greater milk yield with similar composition. The mammary gland has an amazing ability to produce protein of great value. Research conducted here has demonstrated the unprecedented potential of the metabolic machinery in the mammary gland. Insulin, probably signaling the mammary gland through the IGF system is a key regulator that must be combined with adequate nutrition in order for maximum response.
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Bloch, G., and H. S. Woodard. regulation of size related division of labor in a key pollinator and its impact on crop pollination efficacy. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134168.bard.

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Despite the rapid increase in reliance on bumble bees for food production and security, there are many critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of bumble bee biology that limit their colony production, commercial management, and pollination services. Our project focuses on the social, endocrine, and molecular processes regulating body size in the two bumble bee species most important to agriculture: Bombus terrestris in Israel, and B. impatiens in the USA. Variation in body size underline both caste (queen/worker) differentiation and division of labor among workers (foragers are typically larger than nest bees), two hallmarks of insect sociality which are also crucial for the commercial rearing and crop pollination services of bumble bees. Our project has generated several fundamental new insights into the biology of bumble bees, which can be integrated into science-based management strategies for commercial pollination. Using transcriptomic and behavioral approaches we show that in spite of high flexibility, task performance (brood care or foraging) in bumble bee colonies is associated with physiological variation and differential brain gene expression and RNA editing patterns. We further showed that interactions between the brood, the queen, and the workers determine the developmental program of the larva. We identified two important periods. The first is a critical period during the first few days after hatching. Larvae fed by queens during this period develop over less days, are not likely to develop into gynes, and commonly reach a smaller ultimate body size compared to workers reared mostly or solely by workers. The facial exocrine (mandibular and hypopharangeal) glands are involved in this queen effect on larva development. The second period is important for determining the ultimate body size which is positively regulated by the number of tending workers. The presence of the queen during this stage has little, if at all, influence. We further show that stressors such as agrochemicals that interfere with foraging or brood care specific processes can compromise bumble bee colony development and their pollination performance. We also developed new technology (an RFID system) for automated collection of foraging trip data, for future deployment in agroecosystems. In spite of many similarities, our findings suggest important differences between the Eurasian model species (B. terrestris) and the North American model species (B. impatiens) that impact how management strategies translate across the two species. For example, there is a similar influence of the queen on offspring body size in both species, but this effect does not appear to be mediated by development time in B. impatiens as it is in B. terrestris. Taken together, our collaboration highlights the power of comparative work, to show that considerable differences that exist between these two key pollinator species, and in the organization of young bumble bee nests (wherein queens provide the majority of care and then transition away from brood care) relative to later stages of nest development.
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Elizur, Abigail, Amir Sagi, Gideon Hulata, Clive Jones, and Wayne Knibb. Improving Crustacean Aquaculture Production Efficiencies through Development of Monosex Populations Using Endocrine and Molecular Manipulations. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613890.bard.

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Background Most of Australian prawn aquaculture production is based on P. monodon. However, the Australian industry is under intense competition from lower priced overseas imports. The availability of all-female monosex populations, by virtue of their large size and associated premium prize, will offer competitive advantage to the industry which desperately needs to counteract competitors within this market. As for the redclaw production in Israel, although it is at its infancy, the growers realized that the production of males is extremely advantageous and that such management strategy will change the economic assumptions and performances of this aquaculture to attract many more growers. Original objectives (as in original proposal) Investigating the sex inheritance mechanism in the tiger prawn. Identification of genes expressed uniquely in the androgenic gland (AG) of prawns and crayfish. The above genes and/or their products will be used to localize the AG in the prawn and manipulate the AG activity in both species. Production of monosex populations through AG manipulation. In the prawn, production of all-female populations and in the crayfish, all-male populations. Achievements In the crayfish, the AG cDNA library was further screened and a third AG specific transcript, designated Cq-AG3, had been identified. Simultaneously the two AG specific genes, which were previously identified, were further characterized. Tissue specificity of one of those genes, termed Cq-AG2, was demonstrated by northern blot hybridization and RNA in-situ hybridization. Bioinformatics prediction, which suggested a 42 amino acid long signal anchor at the N-terminus of the deduced Cq-AG2, was confirmed by immunolocalization of a recombinant protein. Cq-IAG's functionality was demonstrated by dsRNA in-vivo injections to intersex crayfish. Cq-IAGsilencing induced dramatic sex-related alterations, including male feature feminization, reduced sperm production, extensive testicular apoptosis, induction of the vitellogeningene expression and accumulation of yolk proteins in the ovaries. In the prawn, the AG was identified and a cDNA library was created. The putative P. monodonAG hormone encoding gene (Pm-IAG) was identified, isolated and characterized for time of expression and histological localization. Implantation of the AG into prawn post larvae (PL) and juveniles resulted in phenotypic transformation which included the appearance of appendix masculina and enlarged petasma. The transformation however did not result in sex change or the creation of neo males thus the population genetics stage to be executed with Prof. Hulata did not materialized. Repeated AG implantation is currently being trialed. Major conclusions and Implications, both scientific and agricultural Cq-IAG's involvement in male sexual differentiation had been demonstrated and it is strongly suggested that this gene encodes an AG hormone in this crayfish. A thorough screening of the AG cDNA library shows Cq-IAG is the prominent transcript within the library. However, the identification of two additional transcripts hints that Cq-IAG is not the only gene mediating the AG effects. The successful gene silencing of Cq-IAG, if performed at earlier developmental stages, might accomplish full and functional sex reversal which will enable the production of all-male crayfish populations. Pm-IAG is likely to play a similar role in prawns. It is possible that repeated administration of the AG into prawn will lead to the desired full sex reversal, so that WZ neo males, crossed with WZ females can result in WW females, which will form the basis for monosex all-female population.
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Meidan, Rina, and Joy Pate. Roles of Endothelin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-A in Determining Responsiveness of the Bovine Corpus Luteum to Prostaglandin F2a. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695854.bard.

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The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland that has a vital role in the regulation of the estrous cycle, fertility and the maintenance of pregnancy. In the absence of appropriate support, such as occurs during maternal recognition of pregnancy, the CL will regress. Prostaglandin F2a (PGF) was first suggested as the physiological luteolysin in ruminants several decades ago. Yet, the cellular mechanisms by which PGF causes luteal regression remain poorly defined. In recent years it became evident that the process of luteal regression requires a close cooperation between steroidogenic, endothelial and immune cells, all resident cells of this gland. Changes in the population of these cells within the CL closely consort with the functional changes occurring during various stages of CL life span. The proposal aimed to gain a better understanding of the intra-ovarian regulation of luteolysis and focuses especially on the possible reasons causing the early CL (before day 5) to be refractory to the luteolytic actions of PGF. The specific aims of this proposal were to: determine if the refractoriness of the early CL to PGF is due to its inability to synthesize or respond to endothelin–1 (ET-1), determine the cellular localization of ET, PGF and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a) receptors in early and mid luteal phases, determine the functional relationships among ET-1 and cytokines, and characterize the effects of PGF and ET-1 on prostaglandin production by luteal cell types. We found that in contrast to the mature CL, administration of PGF2a before day 5 of the bovine cycle failed to elevate ET-1, ETA receptors or to induce luteolysis. In fact, PGF₂ₐ prevented the upregulation of the ET-1 gene by ET-1 or TNFa in cultured luteal cells from day 4 CL. In addition, we reported that ECE-1 expression was elevated during the transitionof the CL from early to mid luteal phase and was accompanied by a significant rise in ET-1 peptide. This coincides with the time point at which the CL gains its responsiveness to PGF2a, suggesting that ability to synthesize ET-1 may be a prerequisite for luteolysis. We have shown that while ET-1 mRNA was exclusively localized to endothelial cells both in young and mature CL, ECE-1 was present in the endothelial cells and steroidogenic cells alike. We also found that the gene for TNF receptor I is only moderately affected by the cytokines tested, but that the gene for TNF receptor II is upregulated by ET-1 and PGF₂ₐ. However, these cytokines both increase expression of MCP-1, although TNFa is even more effective in this regard. In addition, we found that proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of PGF (PGT, PGDH, COX-2) change as the estrous cycle progresses, and could contribute to the refractoriness of young CL. The data obtained in this work illustrate ET-1 synthesis throughout the bovine cycle and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating luteal regression and unravel reasons causing the CL to be refractory to PGF2a.
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Applebaum, Shalom W., Lawrence I. Gilbert, and Daniel Segal. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Juvenile Hormone Synthesis and its Regulation in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata). United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570564.bard.

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Original Objectives and revisions: (1) "To determine the biosynthetic pathway of JHB3 in the adult C. capitata CA in order to establish parameters for the future choice and synthesis of suitable inhibitors". Modified: to determine the pattern of FR-7 biosynthesis during normal reproductive maturation, and identify enzymes potentially involved in its synthesis. (2) "To correlate allatal epoxidase activity to the biosynthesis of JHB3 at different stages of reproductive maturation/vitellogenesis and evaluate the hypothesis that a specific JH-epoxidase may be rate limiting". Modified: to study the effects of epoxidase inhibitors on the pattern of allatal JH biosynthesis in vitro and on female reproduction in vive. (3) "To probe and clone the gene homologous to ap from C. capitata, determine its exon-intron organization, sequence it and demonstrate its spatial and temporal expression in larvae, pupae and adults." The "Medfly" (Ceratitis capitata) is a serious polyphagous fruit pest, widely distributed in subtropical regions. Damage is caused by oviposition and subsequent development of larvae. JH's are dominant gonadotropic factors in insects. In the higher Diptera, to which the Medfly belongs, JHB3 is a major homolog. It comprises 95% of the total JH produced in vitro in D. melanogaster, with JH-III found as a minor component. The biosynthesis of both JH-III and JHB3 is dependent on epoxidation of double bonds in the JH molecule. The specificity of such epoxidases is unknown. The male accessory gland D. melanogaster produces a Sex Peptide, transferred to the female during copulation. SP reduces female receptivity while activating specific JH biosynthesis in vitro and inducing oviposition in vive. It also reduces pheromone production and activates CA of the moth Helicoverpa armigera. In a previous study, mutants of the apterous (ap) gene of D. melanogaster were analyzed. This gene induces previteilogenic arrest which can be rescued by external application of JH. Considerable progress has been made in recombinant DNA technology of the Medfly. When fully operative, it might be possible to effectively transfer D. melanogaster endocrine gene-lesions into the Medfly as a strategy for their genetic control. A marked heterogeneity in the pattern of JH homologs produced by Medfly CA was observed. Contrary to the anticipated biosynthesis of JHB;, significant amounts of an unknown JH-like compound, of unknown structure and provisionally termed FR-7, were produced, in addition to significant amounts of JH-III and JHB3. Inhibitors of monooxygenases, devised for their effects on ecdysteroid biosynthesis, affect Medfly JH biosynthesis but do not reduce egg deposition. FR-7 was isolated from incubation media of Medfly CA and examined by various MS procedures, but its structure is not yet resolved. MS analysis is being done in collaboration with Professor R.R.W. Rickards of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. A homologue of the ap gene of D. melanogaster exists in the Medfly. LIM domains and the homeo-domain, important for the function of the D. melanogaster ap gene, are conserved here too. Attempts to clone the complete gene were unsuccessful. Due to the complexity of JH homologs, presence of related FR-7 in the biosynthetic products of Medfly CA and lack of reduction in eggs deposited in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitors, inhibition of epoxidases is not a feasible alternative to control Medfly reproduction, and raises questions which cannot be resolved within the current dogma of hormonal control of reproduction in Diptera. The Medfly ap gene has similar domains to the D. melanogaster ap gene. Although mutant ap genes are involved in JH deficiency, ap is a questionable candidate for an endocrine lesion, especially since the D. melanogoster gene functions is a transcription factor.
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Dahl, Geoffrey E., Sameer Mabjeesh, Thomas B. McFadden, and Avi Shamay. Environmental manipulation during the dry period of ruminants: strategies to enhance subsequent lactation. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586544.bard.

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The project resulted from earlier observations that environmental factors, especially photoperiod and temperature, had profound effects on milk yield in dairy cattle during lactation. More recently we had determined that photoperiod manipulation during the dry period altered milk yield in the next lactation, and this was associated with shifts in circulating concentrations of prolactin; specifically exposure to short days during the dry period decreases prolactin but increases milk yield. Because prolactin is also affected by temperature, with heat stress causing an increase in prolactin similar to that of long day exposure, we focused our efforts on determining prolactin signaling provides a common pathway for generation of environmental effects on mammary growth, development and subsequent function during the dry period of dairy ruminants. Over the project period we made significant progress toward testing our hypotheses that (I): In cows, there is a discrete duration of time during the dry period in which exposure to short days will result in optimal enhancement of mammary development and milk yield in the following lactation, and that this effect is mediated through demonstrable changes in mammary gland development, prolactin signaling, and mammary gene expression; and (II): Modulation of photoperiod and temperature during the dry period will affect milk yield in goats in the subsequent lactation via shifts in nutrient and endocrine partitioning, and mammary gene expression, during the dry period and into lactation. Cows exposed to short days for only the final 21 days of the dry period did not produce more milk that those on long day or natural photoperiod when dry. However, cows on short days for the entire 60 days dry did produce more milk than the other 3 groups. This indicates that there is a duration effect of short day exposure on subsequent milk yield. Results of the second study in cows indicate that mammary growth increases differentially during the dry period under long vs. short days, and that short days drive more extensive growth which is associated with altered prolactin signaling via decreases in an suppressors of cytokine signaling that represent an inhibitory pathway to mammary growth. Evidence from the studies in Israel confirms that goats respond to short days during the dry period in a similar manner to cows. In addition, heat stress effects on during the dry period can be limited by exposure to short days. Here again, shifts in prolactin signaling, along with changes in IGF-I secretion, are associated with the observed changes in mammary function in goats. These results have a number of biological and practical implications. For dairy producers, it is clear that we can recommend that cows and goats should be on reduced light exposure during the dry period, and further, cows and goats should be cooled to avoid heat stress during that time. Environmental influences on mammary growth are apparent during the dry period, and those effects have persistent impact in the subsequent lactation. Prolactin signaling is a consistent mechanism whereby extended light exposure and heat stress may depress mammary growth and development during the dry period. Thus, the prolactin signaling system offers an opportunity for further manipulation to improve production efficiency in dairy ruminants.
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