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Zivkovic, Slavoljub, Tatjana Brkanic, Dragoslav Dacic, Vanja Opacic, Violeta Pavlovic, and Milica Medojevic. "Smear layer in endodontics." Serbian Dental Journal 52, no. 1 (2005): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0501007z.
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Modern methods of root canal cleaning and filing are causing formation of the smear layer on treated surfaces. The aim of this paper was to review clinical aspect of smear layer in endodontics. Smear layer is the consequence of instrumentation of root canal walls and is consisted of organic and inorganic particles of cut dentine, necrotic and/or vital pulp fragments, microorganisms and their products. Existence of smear layer is affecting permeability of the radicular dentine, thus decreasing effects of canal medicaments and impairing adhesion of obturation materials in root canal. Removal of the smear layer from canal walls is possible with use of various chemical agents, ultrasonic or laser techniques. Regardless to contradictory attitudes and opinions, removing the smear layer is required for possible bacterial contamination, compromised effects of root canal medication and in order to obtain better obturation of canals 'system. .
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Geethanjali, R. "Single visit endodontics." IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2021.032.
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A successful endodontic treatment depends upon localization, proper chemo mechanical preparation of the root canal system, debridement, shaping, disinfection, and three-dimensional obturation of canal system. To achieve this, endodontic therapy used to be performed in multiple visits for complete disinfection of the canals in other words for the better success of endodontic therapy.1
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Mustaffa, Musliana. "The use of bioceramic root canal sealers for obturation of the root canal system: A review." IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijohs.v2i1.55.
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The use of bioceramic root canal sealers in endodontics is a promising approach because of the advantages such as improved flow properties, biocompatible and could promote the formation of hard tissue. Due to the recent technology and limited scientific evidence, the effectiveness of bioceramic root canal sealers remains unclear. This article focuses on the physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, biomineralisation, retreatability, 3D obturation and current practice of using bioceramic root canal sealers. The relevant articles for this review were searched manually from Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords ‘bioceramic root filling material AND endodontics’, ‘bioceramic root canal sealers AND endodontics’, ‘cytotoxicity AND bioceramic root canal sealers’, ‘bioceramic root canal sealers AND physicochemical properties’, ‘biomineralisation AND bioceramic root canal sealers’ and ‘retreatment efficacy AND bioceramic root filling materials’. Since the clinical data concerning the obturation with bioceramic root canal sealers is lacking, the selection of materials should be made based on the available scientific evidence, individual cases, material availability and operator’s preference.
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Dastmalchi, Nafiseh, Zeinab Kazemi, Siroos Hashemi, Ove A. Peters, and Hamid Jafarzadeh. "Definition and Endodontic Treatment of Dilacerated Canals: A Survey of Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 12, no. 1 (2011): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1002.
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ABSTRACT Aim To gather data from Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics regarding treatment of dilacerated canals. Materials and methods A questionnaire addressing definition, endodontic treatment procedures and prognosis was constructed and distributed via e-mail to 708 Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. Data from 150 respondents, a 21% response rate, were collected by using a Web-based interface. For statistical analysis, Chi-square tests were used. Results More than 25% of respondents believed that a dilacerated root should have a curvature > 40°. One-visit treatment is the best therapeutic approach and transportation is the most likely complication in preparation of these canals. A crown-down technique, watch-winding motion and a master apical file # 25 are the best choices for preparation of these canals. Any warm obturation technique is preferred over lateral compaction by most respondents. Conclusion A crown-down technique for root canal preparation and a thermoplastic obturation technique are recommended for canals whose curvature is more than 40°. The prognosis of the treatment of these canals is judged not lower than normal canals. Clinical significance Crown-down technique and thermoplastic obturation are recommended for dilacerated canals. How to cite this article Dastmalchi N, Kazemi Z, Hashemi S Peters OA, Jafarzadeh H. Definition and Endodontic Treatment of Dilacerated Canals: A Survey of Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):8-13.
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Timme, Maximilian, Max Masthoff, Nina Nagelmann, Malte Masthoff, Cornelius Faber, and Sebastian Bürklein. "Imaging of root canal treatment using ultra high field 9.4T UTE-MRI – a preliminary study." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 1 (January 2020): 20190183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190183.
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Objectives: To investigate the potential of 9.4T ultrashort echo time (UTE) technology visualizing tooth anatomy and root canal treatment in vitro. In particular, it was evaluated whether the currently achievable resolution is suited presenting all anatomical structures and whether the root canal filling materials are distinguishable in UTE-MRI. Methods: Four extracted human teeth were examined using 9.4T UTE-MRI prior endodontic treatment (native teeth), after preparation and after obturation procedure. Root canal obturation was performed using warm vertical compaction (Schilder technique) with an epoxy-resin-based sealer. A single gutta-percha cone measured by MRI served as intensity-reference. MRI results were validated with corresponding histologic sections of the teeth. In addition, all teeth were examined at the different stages with CBCT and conventional X-ray. Results: 9.4T UTE-MRI enabled a precise visualization of root canal anatomy of all teeth at a resolution of 66 µm. After obturation, dentin, sealer and gutta-percha cones showed distinct MRI signal changes that allowed clear differentiation of the obturation materials from surrounding tooth structure. The filling materials, isthmal root canal connections and even dentin-cracks that were identified in the MR-images could be verified in histological sections. Conclusions: 9.4T UTE-MRI is suitable for visualization of root canal anatomy, the evaluation of root canal preparation and obturation with a high spatial resolution and may provide a versatile tool for dental material research in endodontics.
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Ceribelli, Angelica Godinho, Sandrine Bittencourt Berger, Thais Maria Freire Fernandes, Eloisa Aparecida Carlesse Paloco, Murilo Baena Lopes, Alejandra Hortencia Miranda González, Guilherme Genovez-Júnior, and Ricardo Danil Guiraldo. "The Filling Evaluation of Lateral Canals in the Root Canal Obturation." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 24, no. 3 (October 26, 2020): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2020v24n3p219-222.
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A complexidade anatômica dos canais radiculares, por exemplo, sua forma, curvatura e diversidade da curvatura do raio, bem como a presença de istmo de alto índice e canais laterais, são fatores importantes a serem levados em consideração na terapia endodôntica. Assim, o objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o preenchimento total de canais laterais simulados com dois diferentes cimentos endodônticos. Foram utilizados 8 dentes anteriores extraídos por razões periodontais. Foram confeccionados canais laterais com uma broca carbide esférica ¼ a uma distância de 4 mm do ápice radicular. Em seguida, os dentes foram radiografados no sentido anteroposterior. Os canais radiculares destes dentes foram preparados utilizando-se de um sistema reciprocante 25.08 acionados por motor elétrico X Smart Plus até o comprimento de trabalho utilizando hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% como solução irrigante. Os dentes foram divididos em 2 grupos (n=4) de acordo com diferentes cimentos endodônticos (AH Plus ou Bio C Sealer). Os canais foram secos com pontas de papel absorvente, depois foram preenchidos com cone médio e diferentes cimentos endodônticos. O preenchimento total de canais laterais simulados foram avaliados a partir de novas radiografias digitais realizadas após obturação dos dentes. Os canais laterais simulados não foram completamente preenchidos, independentemente do cimento endodôntico utilizado, e os resultados demonstraram que os diferentes cimentos avaliados não preencheram os canais radiculares laterais simulados.
Palavras-chave: Endodontia. Obturação do Canal Radicular. Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular.
Abstract
The anatomical complexity of root canals, for instance, their shape, curvature and radius curvature diversity, as well as the presence of high index isthmus and lateral canals are important factors to be taken into consideration in endodontic therapy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess complete filling of simulated lateral canals with two different endodontic cements. Eight anterior teeth extracted due to periodontal reasons were used in the experiment. Lateral canals were opened with ¼ spherical-shaped carbide drill 4 mm away from the root apex. Teeth were subjected to X-ray in anteroposterior position. The root canals of these teeth were prepared with the aid of a 25.08 reciprocating system in electrically driven motor X Smart Plus for its working length by using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite as irrigating solution. The teeth were divided into 2 groups (n=4) according to different endodontic cements (AH Plus or Bio C Sealer). Root canals were dried with paper points, afterwards were filling with medium cone and different endodontic cements. The complete filling of simulated lateral canals was assessed based on new digital radiographs taken after teeth filling. The simulated lateral canals were not completely filled, regardless of the used endodontic cement. Results have shown that the different assessed cements did not fill the simulated lateral root canals.
Keywords: Endodontics. Root Canal Filling. Root Canal Sealer Materials.
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Beljic-Ivanovic, Katarina, Nevenka Teodorovic, and Dejan Ostojic. "Endodontic treatment of the teeth with different root canal curvatures: Two case reports." Serbian Dental Journal 56, no. 2 (2009): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0902091b.
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Endodontic treatment of the teeth with severe root canal curvatures has become one of the greatest problems in clinical practice. Recently, new instruments and techniques have been introduced in the endodontic procedure. The aim of this study was, on the basis of clinical practice, to show the possibilities of the endodontic treatment in the teeth with severely curved root canals, after dependable decision about endodontic instruments and techniques. This article presents a complete endodontic procedure in two teeth with different curvature shape of the root canal in patients that were treated at the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Belgrade. Coronal to apical 'crown down' technique was used for the root canal preparation with hand NiTi ProTaper instruments with progressive multicone design. The main reasons for choosing manual technique were complexity, shape of presented curvatures and better tactile sensation control of canal instruments in order to avoid possible mistakes and complications. Clinical X-rays of the teeth with permanent obturation clearly showed that extremes of the root canal morphology could be successfully solved by the right choice of all factors during endodontic procedure.
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Lakshmi Lakshmanan, Subramanian EMG, Ganesh Jeevanandan, and Mebin George Mathew. "A Cross-Sectional Study on the Preference of Root Canal Sealers Among Pediatric Dentists For Obturating Permanent Teeth." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 20, 2020): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.3775.
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Utilisation of root canal sealers to perform obturation procedures is an endorsed method in endodontics and has an indispensable role in the success of treatment. The objective of this study was to explore the pediatric dentists’ preference for root canal sealers for obturating permanent teeth. 360 permanent teeth with gutta-percha obturation done by pediatric dentists were analyzed for the study. The variety of root canal sealers that are utilised for obturating the permanent teeth by pediatric dentists were assessed. The data were obtained from a patient management software. Chi-square test was performed. Out of the 360 permanent teeth, 186 teeth were obturated using resin-based sealers, 101 teeth using zinc oxide eugenol-based sealers and 73 teeth were obturated using calcium hydroxide-based sealers, with statistically significant difference between the three materials (P<0.05). Based on the findings of the present study, resin sealers followed by zinc oxide eugenol sealers and calcium hydroxide sealers were more preferred by pediatric dentists for root canal therapy in permanent teeth.
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Bandéca, Matheus Coelho, Milton C. Kuga, Keren CF Jordão-Basso, Mateus R. Tonetto, Arturo J. Aranda-Garcia, Fernando A. Vázquez-Garcia, Suellen NL Lima, and Jardel C. do Carmo Monteiro. "Persistence of Residues after Endodontic Retreatment related to the Obturation Technique and to the Solvent." World Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 1 (2017): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1408.
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ABSTRACT Objective To quantify the persistence of residues after endodontic retreatment related to the root canal obturation technique (lateral compaction or single cone) previously performed and the solvent used (xylol or Endosolv-R) in the cervical and root apical segment using digital radiograph. Materials and methods Forty root canals were prepared using the F2 instrument and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus, 20 canals using #25 point by lateral compaction and the other 20 using F2 point by single cone. The root canals were transversely sectioned, and two segments (cervical and apical) were obtained. Radiographs were taken from the segment in buccolingual and mesiodistal direction, as well as the area that was originally filled with the root canal obturation was measured using ImageJ. After the specimens were set on special devices, the obturations were removed using the rotary system and divided into four groups (n = 10): G1 — lateral compaction and xylol; G2 — lateral compaction and Endosolv-R; G3 — single cone and xylol; and G4 — single cone and Endosolv-R. A new radiograph was taken and the area occupied by residues was measured. The persistence of residues was obtained from the obturation remaining in the root canal in percentage. The data were analyzed using Kruskal—Wallis test (p = 0.05). Results There was no difference among the examined groups, regardless of the radicular segment or the radiograph direction (p > 0.05). Conclusion The endodontic retreatment using xylol or Endosolv-R in the obturations previously performed by lateral compaction or single cone technique presented similar persistence of residues in the root canal, regardless of the radicular segment. How to cite this article Aranda-Garcia AJ, Kuga MC, Vázquez-Garcia FA, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC, Lima SNL, Freitas J, Borges AH, Jordão-Basso KCF, do Carmo Monteiro JC. Persistence of Residues after Endodontic Retreatment related to the Obturation Technique and to the Solvent. World J Dent 2017;8(1):41-44.
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Darvesh, Sajjad Ali, Irum Naz, Abdul Razzaq Ahmed, Farhan Butt, Wasey Latif, and Azam Shahzad. "To compare post obturation endodontic flare-ups following single and multiple visit root canal treatment." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 07 (July 10, 2020): 1516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.07.4618.
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Objective: To compare post obturation endodontic flare-ups following single and multiple visit root canal treatment. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Setting Operative dentistry department, DOW university hospital Karachi. Period: 2nd October 2017 to 2nd April 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 100 patients of permanent exposed anterior teeth with positive pup response / vital, either gender were included. Patients divided into two groups according to single and multiple visit root canal treatment. At each post obturation recall visit the patients were interviewed and inspected to determine whether or not there are symptoms. Results: A total of 100 patients came for root canal treatment. At 1st post obturation day, out of 50 patients treated in one visit, four experienced a flare-up (8%). Out of 50 patients treated in two visits, eight experienced a flare-up (16%) (P-value=0.12). At 3rd post obturation day, out of 50 patients treated in one visit, three experienced a flare-up (6%). Out of 50 patients treated in two visits, five experienced a flare-up (10%) (P-value=0.37). Conclusion: We conclude that almost same results for single and multiple visit endodontics were achieved not statistically significant.
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Akshay Jaiswal, Anuja Ikhar, Pradnya Nikhade, Manoj Chandak, Rushikesh Bhonde, Samrudhi Kathod, Saurabh Rathi, and Kajol Relan. "Lasers in Endodontic: A review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.3970.
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Since the development of ruby laser by Maiman in 1960 & application of laser for endodontics by Weichman in 1971, a variety of papers on potential applications for lasers in endodontics have been published. Lasers have been a significant advancement in the field of endodontics. Be it effective cleaning, root canal treatment, surgery etc. The lateral accessory canals and anatomical complexities have been a restraint in root canal procedure, for such cases lasers have been introduced to simplify the process & have good clinical results. As there has been a boon in the improvement of laser techniques, many latest lasers having a broad array of characteristics is accessible and can also be helpful in several areas related to dentistry. When compared with conventional techniques, laser treatments has been proven to be more advantageous. The purpose of this article is to summarize laser applications in endodontics, including their use in pulp diagnosis, dentinal hypersensitivity, pulp capping and pulpotomy, sterilization of root canals, root canal shaping & obturation & apicectomy. This article reviews the role of lasers in endodontics since the early 1970s & summarizes what future may hold for endodontics. With the potential availability of many new laser wavelengths and modes, much interest is developing in this promising field.
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Nayak, Gurudutt, Shashit Shetty, Hitesh Chopra, and Abhinav Sharma. "Endodontic management of maxillary first molar with five canals: Report of a case aided with spiral computed tomography." Serbian Dental Journal 59, no. 2 (2012): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1202104n.
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Introduction. Maxillary first molars have shown substantial dissimilarity regarding their number of roots, canals and morphology. Most commonly, it has three roots and four canals, two mesiobuccal, one distobuccal and one palatal canal. The incidence of second mesiobuccal canal has been reported between 18% and 96.1% while the incidence of two distobuccal canals was found in 1.64% to 9.50% of cases. Periapical (PA) radiography has been commonly used to determine root canal anatomy even though it is two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object. Advanced diagnostic methods as spiral computed tomography (SCT) provide three-dimensional images useful to determine complex canal morphology. Case Report. A 31-year-old male patient was referred for endodontic treatment of the maxillary right first molar. Endodontic access cavity revealed two canal openings in each of the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and one canal in the palatal root later confirmed using the SCT and conventional PA radiography. The canals were instrumented using crown down technique with ProTaper NiTi rotary files. Obturation was performed using single gutta-percha cone and AH Plus paste. The patient remained asymptomatic during the regular checkups. Conclusion. Knowledge, detection and management of complex canal anatomy is of the foremost importance in endodontics since missed canals are one of well recognised reasons for endodontic treatment failure.
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Vora, Miloni S., Nidhi K. Nihal, and Jaya Agali Ramachandra. "Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 4 (2015): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1349.
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ABSTRACT The endodontic triad consists of cleaning and shaping, disinfection and obturation. Success of root canal therapy in primary teeth is mainly achieved by thorough removal of debris and necrotic tissue. However, complete elimination of bacterial contaminants as well as necrotic debris require adjunctive use of root canal irrigants along with mechanical instrumentation. As we know from literature that none of the available irrigating solutions alone provides all the ideal requirements. Studies have shown that a combination of two or more irrigating solutions in a specific sequence will help to achieve optimal irrigation. This review article mainly highlights the mechanism of action, safety and biocompatibility of currently used irrigation solutions and also the other materials that can be used as a potent irrigants, their advantages and limitations in future of endodontics. How to cite this article Ramachandra JA, Nihal NK, Nagarathna C, Vora MS. Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth. World J Dent 2015;6(3):229-234.
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Kaur, Avineet, Reshma Dodwad, K. N. Raghu, Mithun J. Kaslekar, Vikram Shetty, Alwin Antony, and Ummey Salma. "Furcal perforation repair using MTA — A clinical case series." International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2021.046.
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The success of any endodontics therapy depends on, the diagnosis, treatment planning, access cavity preparation, maintenance and shaping following the canal obturation. Access is the initial and mainly crucial point of root canal treatment. For a good endodontic results well-designed access preparation is required. Perforations are a possible complication during root canal treatment. An assortment of materials including, calcium hydroxide, amalgam, glass ionomer, zinc oxide–eugenol and resin modified GI are being used for perforations. The idyllic material for treating perforations should be radiopaque and nonabsorbable. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with distinctiveness are as with high-quality outcomes in repair perforations. The idea of this case series is to explain the handling of furcal perforation.
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Sachdeva, Jyoti, Anurag Sarin, Ajai Gupta, and Shobhit Sachdeva. "Effect of Different Obturation Techniques on the Prognosis of Endodontic Therapy: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 7 (2016): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1893.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Success of root canal therapy (RCT) is largely dependent upon the quality of biomechanical preparation and obturation of the pulp canal. Improperly cleaned or shaped root canal, regardless of the type of obturation method and obturating material, cannot lead to the success of endodontic therapy. Hence, we conducted a clinical comparative analysis of two obturating techniques. Materials and methods A total of 140 patients receiving RCT at the department of Endodontic were included in the present study. The average follow-up time for the patients was 29 months (18–38 months). Patients were grouped into two depending on the type of obturating technique used. Evaluation of the clinical and radiographic follow-up records of the patients was done and analysis was made. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for assessing the level of significance. Results The average age of the patients undergoing obturation with carrier-based obturation (CO) technique and lateral compaction (LC) technique was 43 and 48 years respectively. While comparing failure and success of the teeth at the time of follow-up, nonsignificant results were obtained. Significant difference was seen, while comparing the presence of voids and type of teeth in which endodontic therapy was performed using different obturating techniques. Conclusion Endodontic therapy done with LC obturating technique or with CO technique shows prognostic difference on the outcome or quality of treatment therapy. Clinical significance Quality of obturation is more important rather than type while performing endodontic therapy for better prognosis. How to cite this article Sarin A, Gupta P, Sachdeva J, Gupta A, Sachdeva S, Nagpal R. Effect of Different Obturation Techniques on the Prognosis of Endodontic Therapy: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):582-586.
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Capík, I., and S. Štvrtina. "Comparison of Gutta-Percha Obturation Techniques in the Treatment of Wide Root Canals in Dogs." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 2 (2008): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877020291.
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An in vitro study was conducted to compare gutta-percha obturation techniques of the developing incisors in dogs. Two perpendicular radiographic views were used for evaluation of apical and overall appearance of root canal obturation. Apical leakage technique was used to evaluate ability of each method to provide adequate apical obturation. The endodontic technique utilizing warm vertical condensation with chemically softened guttapercha in the apical region provided the best radiographic appearance without apical dye leakage. The same vertical obturation technique without the use of chemically softened gutta-percha in the apical region showed 33% dye leakage incidence. Lateral obturation techniques provided the least qualitative radiographic appearance to the endodontic fill and dye leakage incidence. Results of evaluation of quality of apical obturation of root canals based on X-ray examination and apical dye leakage resulted in the following conclusions: lateral obturation techniques used in this study have their limitations resulting from typical root canal anatomy; vertical obturation techniques showed better hermetic apical sealing, mainly in the case of vertical condensation of the chemically softened gutta-percha in the apical part of the root canal.
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Alrahabi, Mothanna. "The confidence of undergraduate dental students in Saudi Arabia in performing endodontic treatment." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 01 (January 2017): 017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_190_16.
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ABSTRACT Objective: This study examined the endodontic experience, perceptions of endodontic practice, and self-rated confidence of dental students enrolled in Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 41 undergraduate dental students registered in endodontic courses in the 2015 academic year. The questionnaire evaluated their confidence performing nonsurgical root canal treatment. The level of confidence was classified using a 5-point scale as “very confident,” “confident,” “neutral,” “not very confident,” or “not at all confident.” The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The participation rate was 93%. The maxillary incisor was the most common first tooth treated. The students were relatively confident, but their confidence levels were lower regarding endodontic radiology, evaluation of root canal obturation, and determining the correct recall period for the patient. Conclusion: The confidence of undergraduates in endodontics must be enhanced to increase their clinical competence when performing root canal treatment.
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Maniglia-Ferreira, Claudio, Fabio de Almeida Gomes, and Bruno Carvalho Sousa. "Management of Six Root Canals in Mandibular First Molar." Case Reports in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/827070.
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Success in root canal treatment is achieved after thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal system. This clinical case describes conventional root canal treatment of an unusual mandibular first molar with six root canals. The prognosis for endodontic treatment in teeth with abnormal morphology is unfavorable if the clinician fails to recognize extra root canals.
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Abbasi, Hira, Abhishek Lal, Rizwan Jouhar, and Muhammad Saqib. "Obturation of A Mandibular 2nd Molar with the Help of Ultrasonic Irrigation to Clean the Lateral Canal." Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College 11, no. 02 (April 5, 2021): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51985/zlcd4512.
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Apex of root is of great interest for endodontists mainly because of different stages involved in its development and the surrounding tissues. Mandibular molars normally consists of 2 roots, one mesial and one distal. About common occurrence, 2 canals are found in mesial root and 1 canal in the distal root. The patient was diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. After cleaning and shaping, the next step is obturation. Lateral canals are complex findings in the apical third of root which is characterized as a lateral canal deviating from the main canal. Normally, this lateral canal is not part of the standard root canal procedure due to the complexities, but sometimes obturation might be possible, which might affect the long-term prognosis of the tooth. Advanced skills are required to attempt and complete obturation of the lateral canal which might be a difficult task for the general practitioners.
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Anthony, James M. G. "Comparative Obturation Techniques in the Canine." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 8, no. 4 (December 1991): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649100800401.
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Recent technological advances have created new approaches and techniques in endodontics while enhancing traditional criteria. The goal of this article is to present the best aspect of current techniques and materials to enable the practitioner to achieve success in the clinical practice of root canal therapy.
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Prayogo, Kevin, Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum, and Ari Subiyanto. "Endodontic Retreatment In Case Of Failure: Case Report." Conservative Dentistry Journal 9, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v9i2.2019.109-111.
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Background: In medical practice, clinicians come across a lot of obstacle during a treatment , that can lead to a failure, like other dental treatments, endodontics too can fail. Inappropriate mechanical debridement, persistence of bacteria in the canals and apex, poor obturation quality, over and under extension of the root canal filling, and coronal leakage are some of the commonly attributable causes of failure. Despite the high success rate of endodontic treatment, failures do occur in a large number of cases and most of the times can be attributed to the already stated causes. Purpose: Endodontic retreatment of a failure is required by the increased desire to preserve the tooth on the dental arch, preventing the need for dental extraction that may have adverse consequences in terms of functional and psychological effect on patients. Case: This article presents a case report about dental retreatment with 2 common failure, that was under filling obturation and non-fit post. Case management: The failure was corrected with endodontic retreatment, and finally restored with fiber post and porcelain fused to metal crown. Conclusion: Endodontic retreatment was done successfully on underfilling obturation and non-fit post. The patient was satisfied with the result.
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Singh, Mahesh P., Santosh K. Singh, and Shefali Wadhwani. "Endodontic Management of Pathologic Root Resorption using EndoSeal Mineral Trioxide Aggregate." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 7, no. 1 (2017): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1173.
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ABSTRACT Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has emerged as a reliable bioactive material with extended applications in endodontics that includes the obturation of the root canal space. Recently, introduced sealers based on MTA have been reported to be biocompatible, also to stimulate mineralization and encourage apatite-like crystalline deposits along the apical and middle third of the canal walls. This article examines the literature supporting EndoSeal MTA (MARUCHI, Wonju, Korea) as a root canal sealer, suggests method for its delivery and placement, and presents a case report that demonstrates its effectiveness in resolving a chronic periapical lesion. How to cite this article Wadhwani S, Singh MP, Agarwal M, Singh SK. Endodontic Management of Pathologic Root Resorption using EndoSeal Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):34-37.
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Nazar, Faisal, Aparna Raj, K. Radhakrishnan Nair, Rinsu N. Alexander, and Meenu M. Kumar. "Management of Endodontic Failure." Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal 2, no. 2 (2017): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10048-0029.
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ABSTRACT There are several reasons for a root canal therapy to be unsuccessful. One of the causes for endodontic failure is instrument separation. As a consequence of fracture, access to the apical portion of the root canal is obstructed, leading to improper disinfection. The retrieval of separated instrument followed by obturation to the working length is the treatment option. Many factors can make retrieval difficult. In such cases, management can be done even by bypassing the separated instrument. Another factor for endodontic failure is underobturation. It may be due to block or ledge in the apical third of the canal. Proper instrumentation with frequent confirmation of apical patency during instrumentation can prevent formation of ledge. The inability to treat all the canals is the other cause leading to endodontic failure. Bacteria residing in these canals lead to the persistence of symptoms. Proper evaluation of the radiograph with proper deroofing can prevent chances for missed canals. Combination of all these factors can make retreatment difficult. This case report discusses two endodontic failure cases. In the first case, a premolar tooth with separated instrument and incomplete obturation was treated by retrieval of separated instrument and the obturation of both canals to working length was done. The second one was a molar tooth which had a missed canal, a separated instrument, and an incomplete obturation. Missed canal was negotiated and the fractured instrument was bypassed and root canal was obturated. How to cite this article Kumar MM, Nair KR, Geetha P, Nazar F, Alexander RN, Raj A. Management of Endodontic Failure. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(2):60-64.
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Vouzara, Triantafyllia, Maryam el Chares, and Kleoniki Lyroudia. "Separated Instrument in Endodontics: Frequency, Treatment and Prognosis." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2018-0022.
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SummaryInstrument separation during endodontic therapy is a frequent accident with rotary instruments being more likely to separate than manual ones. The treatment of cases with a separated instrument can be either conservative or surgical. A conservative approach involves the following treatment choices: a) bypass of the fragment, b) removal of the fragment, c) instrumentation and obturation coronally to the fragment. Concerning the removal of a separated instrument, a variety of techniques and systems have been developed. Ultrasonics, in combination with the operative microscope constitute the most effective and reliable tools for removing a separated endodontic instrument from a root canal. The likelihood of successful removal depends on: the level of separation (coronal, middle or apical third); location in relation to the root canal curvature; the type of separated instrument; its length; the degree of canal curvature and the tooth type. Several complications may occur during the management of a separated instrument: separation of the ultrasonic tip or file used for bypassing or removing the instrument; further separation of the fragment; perforation; ledge; extrusion of the file into periapical tissues; tooth weakening due to dentin removal, as well as excessive temperature rise in periodontal tissues. Prognosis for a tooth retaining a separated instrument depends on the presence of a periapical lesion, the microbial load of the root canal during the time of separation and the quality of the obturation.
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Carlos, Roopak Bose, Suman Makam, Vamsi Kalyan Yaragonda, H. Murali, Anukriti Tyagi, and Rajani Rose. "A Comparative in vitro Evaluation of Vertical Root Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth using Different Obturating Materials." World Journal of Dentistry 5, no. 2 (2014): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1270.
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ABSTRACT Aim To compare the vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated using different obturating materials. Materials and methods Decoronated roots of 75 single canal lower second premolar teeth were divided randomly into 5 groups. The first group (Group I) served as a negative control. The remaining four Groups were cleaned and shaped using ProTaper Endodontic rotary files and obturated with guttapercha + TubliSeal EWT sealer (Group II), ThermaFil + AH Plus sealer (Group III), RealSeal + RealSeal sealer (Group IV) and GuttaFlow obturating system (Group V). The roots were then embedded in acrylic resin blocks and subjected to vertical load until fracture with a spreader in a universal testing machine and the forces were recorded. Results Fracture resistance of group I > group IV > group V > group III > group II, which were statistically significant. Conclusion Obturation of roots with resin based obturation material—RealSeal had increased VRF resistance compared to the gutta-percha obturation systems. Clinical significance Obturation of the root canals with resin based obturation system—Resilon reinforces the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth and contributes to the overall success of the endodontic treatment. How to cite this article Carlos RB, Makam S, Yaragonda VK, Murali H, Tyagi A, Rose R. A Comparative in vitro Evaluation of Vertical Root Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth using Different Obturating Materials. World J Dent 2014;5(2):113-117. Acronyms and abbreviations VRF: Vertical root fracture; ANOVA: Analysis of variance.
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Matović, Ivan, Dragan V. Ilić, Renata Petrović, and Dejan Ostojić. "The application of MTA as apical plug for root canal obturation – in vitro study." Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sdj-2018-0007.
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Summary Introduction Prognosis of endodontically treated tooth is directly correlated to the quality of apical obturation. Modern concept of endodontics in particular way points out the quality of apical filling. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of root canal obturation with MTA apical plug using the method of gas (argon) penetration. Material and Methods Sixty-six freshly extracted single rooted (single canal) teeth were divided into the two experimental (30 teeth) and one control group (6). All canals were instrumented using hand and rotary files in step-back technique and copious irrigation of 1%NaOCl. In the first experimental group teeth were obturated using different sealers: Gutta Flow (Roeko), AH Plus (DeTrey), Acroseal (Septodont) and mono gutta-percha cone (10 canals each). In the second experimental group obturation involved 3 mm of MTA-Angelus apical plug while the remaining canal space was filled with the same three sealers as in the first group. The rate of gas permeability by Leak detector-Edwards LD 416 was measured in all teeth. Results The best seal was found in teeth obturated with Gutta Flow and MTA plug with average diffusion rate of 264.4 sec while the worst quality of obturation was found with Acroseal (178.5 sec-the highest gas permeability). All samples with MTA plug exhibited significantly lower leakage than the samples filled without MTA apical plug. Conclusion Root canals filled with MTA apical plug exhibited statistically significant lower gas permeability in comparison to the ones filled with sealer and guttapercha cones only.
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Mitic, Aleksandar, Nadica Mitic, and Goran Tosic. "Apical leakage of root canal system obturation materials." Serbian Dental Journal 52, no. 2 (2005): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0502090m.
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Hermetical obturation on dentine-cement junction is one of the conditions for success in endodontic treatment. The aim of this paper was to evaluate apical obturation of three different root canal obturation materials. Methods consisted of in vitro semiquantitatively measured penetration of colored solutions. Total number of 55 single-canal teeth was used and obturation test materials were AH-plus, Ketac-Endo and Endomethasone. Linear color penetration was evaluated following illumination of teeth in 2% sol. Metylsalicilate. Results obtained have shown better adhesion between sealer and root canal walls, i.e. better apical obturation when AH-plus (0.25mm) and Ketac-Endo (0.52mm) were used and highest rate of apical leakage when Endomethasone was used (2.35mm). None of the tested obturation materials have sealed apical portion completely.
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Yengopal, Veerasamy. "What’s new for the clinician? - Excerpts from and summaries of recently published papers." South African Dental Journal 76, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no2a6.
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Choosing an endodontic sealer clinical use is a decision that contributes to the long-term success of non-surgical root canal treatment. Sealers are used as a thin tacky paste which function as a lubricant and luting agent during obturation, allowing the core obturation material, such as gutta-percha points or other rigid materials, to slide in and become fixed in the canal. Sealers can fill voids, lateral canals, and accessory canals where core obturation materials cannot infiltrate. If the sealer does not perform its function, microleakage may cause root canal failure via clinically undetectable passage of bacteria, fluids, molecules or ions between the tooth and restorative material. It has been reported that extrusion of the sealer during root canal filling has cytotoxic effects on periapical tissues, causing periapical inflammation, necrosis and pain. Endodontic sealers are categorized by composition based on setting reaction and composition: zinc oxide eugenol, salicylate, fatty acid, glass ionomer, silicone, epoxy resin, tricalcium silicate, and methacrylate resin sealer systems. Aslan & Özkan (2021) reported on a trial that sought to evaluate the effect of two calcium silicate-based root canal sealers, Endoseal MTA and EndoSequence BC Sealer, on postoperative pain following single-visit root canal treatment on molar teeth compared to their epoxy/ amine resin-based counterpart AH Plus. The null hypotheses tested in this study were as follows:1. The type of sealer used would not change the incidence and the intensity of post-treatment endodontic pain2. The analgesic intake of patients following single-visit root canal treatment
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Verma, Jaya, and Vipin Ahuja. "Apicoectomy – A review." Journal of Dental Panacea 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdp.2021.004.
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This review article throws a light on the background of theoretical and clinical aspects of apicoectomy procedure. Apicoectomy is also known as root resection, which means amputation of the apex of the root and is considered as a part of peiradicular surgery. The periradicular surgery is a standard oral surgical procedure which includes surgical treatment of area surrounding root and is done when conventional root canal treatment does not suffice the infection. This procedure includes three important steps to eliminate persistent endodontic pathogens: surgical debridement of pathological periradicular tissue, root-end resection (apicoectomy), and retrograde root canal obturation (root-end filling). There is a plethora of literature on the clinical studies and case reports on apicoectomy procedure; our review adds an imperative segment to this standard protocol used in pediatric endodontics and the objective is to give the reader an acquaintance about apical surgery with latest updates.
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Ajith, Rakhi, Noushad M. C, Jamsheed E. T, and Muhammad Askar. "A case series of unusual root canal morphology." Journal of Research in Dentistry 4, no. 2 (October 10, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v4e2201637-40.
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Aim: The thorough knowledge of tooth morphology and its variations is essential for successful endodontic treatment.Case report: This article reports an unusual root canal configuration that was detected in a maxillary central incisor with two root canals , mandibular canine with two canals and mandibular canine with two roots and root canals.Conclusions: These case reports increase the awareness of clinicians on variations in the root canal anatomy so that complete disinfection and obturation of the root canal system is possible.
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Barakat, Reem M., Manal Matoug-Elwerfelli, Rahaf A. Almohareb, and Hanan A. Balto. "Influence of Preclinical Training on Root Canal Treatment Technical Quality and Confidence Level of Undergraduate Dental Students." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (May 13, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9920280.
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Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of exposure to additional preclinical endodontic training on undergraduate students’ technical quality of root canal treatment and overall confidence levels in endodontics. Methods. Technical quality of root canal treatment performed clinically by fifth-year undergraduate students was evaluated and divided into two groups: Group 1, teeth treated by students who had attended both a preclinical endodontic block course and an elective preclinical course. Group 2: teeth treated by students who had not attended the elective preclinical course. All students were also invited to participate in a survey to rate their undergraduate endodontic training and confidence levels performing endodontic treatment. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Person chi-square test, Fisher Freeman Halton exact test, and t-test. A p -value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. There was no significant difference between the two groups in overall obturation quality ( p = 0.619 ). However, more teeth treated by attendees were of adequate obturation length ( p = 0.015 ) and lacked procedural errors ( p = 0.004 ). Significantly more elective course attendees rated their undergraduate endodontic training as adequate ( p = 0.002 ), but there was no significant difference in the level of confidence between the attendees and the non-attendees. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, additional preclinical training showed minimal effect on overall quality of root canal treatment performed clinically by undergraduate students and did not enhance their confidence levels; however, it was associated with more satisfaction with their undergraduate endodontic education.
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Matovic, Ivan, Nevenka Teodorovic, and Marina Marjanovic. "Evaluation of root canal obturation using gas permeability method." Serbian Dental Journal 60, no. 2 (2013): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1302063m.
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Introduction. Prognosis of root canal treatment is highly dependent on the quality of endodontic space obturation. The main task of successful root canal treatment is to achieve adequate reparation processes in the apical periodontium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of root canal obturation using the method of gas (argon) penetration through three different endodontic materials. Material and Methods. Thirty recently extracted human single-rooted teeth after root canal instrumentation were divided into three identical groups and obturated with three different endodontic materials: group I - GuttaFlow (RSA, Germany), group II - AH Plus (DeTray, Germany), group III - Acroseal (Septodont, France). The quality of root canal obturation was evaluated using the method of gas permeability. Results. The best results were obtained with GuttaFlow. The average penetration rate of argon was 186.7 seconds. Slightly higher gas porosity had AH Plus, 179.9 seconds, while the highest gas permeability was observed after the application of Acroseal, 178.5 seconds. However, there was no statistically significant difference in gas penetration among these endodontic materials (p>0.05). Conclusion. All three endodontic materials showed gas permeability in a given time interval. The best quality of obturation was achieved with GuttaFlow, while the lowest quality was obtained with Acroseal.
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Vikram, Mannu. "C-shaped canal, an endodontic challenge." Health Renaissance 11, no. 1 (February 11, 2013): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i1.7610.
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Recognition of unusual variations in the canal configuration is critical because it has been established that the root with a single tapering canal and apical foramen is the exception rather than the rule. C-shaped canals are anatomic features that present the clinician with both diagnostic and operational challenges. The early recognition of these configurations facilitates cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal system. .C. configuration, which is an important anatomic variation, presents a thin fin connecting the root canals.The C-shaped root canal system is an anatomical variant of the root canal structure in which a continuous slit or web connects individual root canals. These C-shaped canals present a challenge to the clinician, both at the diagnostic and treatment level. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 89-91 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i1.7610
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Zakrzewski, Wojciech, Maciej Dobrzyński, Anna Zawadzka-Knefel, Adam Lubojański, Wojciech Dobrzyński, Mateusz Janecki, Karolina Kurek, Maria Szymonowicz, Rafał Jakub Wiglusz, and Zbigniew Rybak. "Nanomaterials Application in Endodontics." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185296.
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In recent years, nanomaterials have become increasingly present in medicine, especially in dentistry. Their characteristics are proving to be very useful in clinical cases. Due to the intense research in the field of biomaterials and nanotechnology, the efficacy and possibilities of dental procedures have immensely expanded over the years. The nano size of materials allows them to exhibit properties not present in their larger-in-scale counterparts. The medical procedures in endodontics are time-consuming and mostly require several visits to be able to achieve the proper result. In this field of dentistry, there are still major issues about the removal of the mostly bacterial infection from the dental root canals. It has been confirmed that nanoparticles are much more efficient than traditional materials and appear to have superior properties when it comes to surface chemistry and bonding. Their unique antibacterial properties are also promising features in every medical procedure, especially in endodontics. High versatility of use of nanomaterials makes them a powerful tool in dental clinics, in a plethora of endodontic procedures, including pulp regeneration, drug delivery, root repair, disinfection, obturation and canal filling. This study focuses on summing up the current knowledge about the utility of nanomaterials in endodontics, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and provides a number of reasons why research in this field should be continued.
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Nagaveni, NB, Sneha Yadav, P. Poornima, VV Subba Reddy, and NM Roshan. "Volumetric Evaluation of Different Obturation Techniques in Primary Teeth Using Spiral Computed Tomography." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.1.27.
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Background: Various obturation techniques have been evaluated for better filling of the root canals in primary teeth using different methods. Spiral Computed Tomography (SCT) is a new revolution in the pediatric endodontics for assessment of quality of the obturation from 3 dimensions. Objectives: To evaluate the efficiency of 5 different obturation methods in delivering the filling material into the canals of primary teeth using Spiral Computed Tomography scan. Study design: A total of 50 canals of primary teeth were prepared, divided into 5 groups with 10 canals in each group and obturated with Zinc Oxide Eugenol cement using 5 different obturation techniques such as Local anesthetic syringe, Tuberculin syringe, Endodontic plugger, hand held Lentulo-spiral, and Lentulo-spiral mounted on slow speed hand piece. The pre and post obturation volume and finally the Percentage of Obturated Volume (POV) were calculated using SCT scan for each group. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: Lentulo-spiral hand held showed highest POV value followed by Lentulospiral mounted to hand piece, Tuberculin syringe and Endodontic plugger; whereas Anesthetic syringe had least POV (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Lentulo-spiral hand held is the best obturating technique among the 5 groups evaluated as the canals of this group showed maximum percentage of filled material. However, a further study with large sample size is highly essential.
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Mahajan, Pardeep, Ruma Grover, Shikha Baghi Bhandari, Prashant Monga, and Vanita Keshav. "Management of Mandibular Lateral Incisor with Two Roots: a Case Report." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 17, 2016): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2016/v5i1/83583.
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Successful outcome of endodontic treatment depends on the identification of all root canals which in turn guarantee complete extirpation of pulp tissue, proper chemo-mechanical cleaning and shaping and three dimensional obturation of the root canal system with an inert filling material. However endodontic treatment can fail for many reasons, such as diagnostic errors, persistence of the infection in the root canal system, errors in debridement and shaping of the root canal systems, instrument fractures, poor restorations and extra roots or canals if not detected are the reasons for failure. Undetected extra roots or root canals have been considered as a major reason for failure of root canal treatment. Many of the challenges faced during root canal treatment may be directly attributed to an inadequate understanding of the canal morphology of teeth. A broad knowledge of both the external and internal anatomy of teeth is of great importance for adequate endodontic treatment. We present a case report of 2 roots in mandibular lateral incisor.
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Mahendra, Muktishree, Anand Verma, Sanjeev Tyagi, Santosh Singh, Kapil Malviya, and Ramit Chaddha. "Management of Complex Root Canal Curvature of Bilateral Radix Entomolaris: Three-Dimensional Analysis with Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Case Reports in Dentistry 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/697323.
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The meticulous knowledge of anatomic characteristics and their variations is essential for the clinician. Radix entomolaris (RE) is one such anomaly where an extra root is present on the distolingual aspect of the mandibular first molar. 18-year-old patient was referred for the root canal treatment of mandibular right and left first molars. Intraoral periapical radiograph revealed additional periodontal spacing crossing distal root of 36. A CBCT was advised and it confirmed the presence of extra roots both in 36 and 46. CBCT is useful in endodontics as it aids in the identification of essential anatomic structures and determination of radius and angle of root canal curvature which is linked to fracture of the instrument. The classical triangular access cavity was modified to a trapezoidal form to locate the extra canal. All canals were instrumented with controlled memory nickel titanium instruments and obturation was done with single cone technique.
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Apostolska, Sonja, Elizabeta Gjorgievska, Vasilka Rendzova, Marina Eftimoska, Rade Zivkovic, and Ivica Stancic. "Adaptability of different canal sealers to the root canal dentin - scanning electron microscopy analysis." Medical review 70, no. 5-6 (2017): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1706141a.
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Introduction. The aim of this in vitro study was to test and analyze the sealing ability of three endodontic materials used for permanent obturation, in between the dentin walls and the gutta-percha points, using a scanning electron microscope. Material and Methods. Forty-five recently extracted single-root teeth, treated by a step-back technique, were divided into three groups (15 teeth in each); the canals were filled with three different permanent obturation materi?als: N2 - zinc oxide root canal cement, Gutta Flow (Coltene), and Endomethasone N (Septodont). Their sealing ability and adhesive properties were analyzed using field emission gun scanning electron microscope, at the time when they were applied between the dentin walls of the canal and the gutta-percha. Results. The results of the scanning electron microscope analysis have shown that all the three sealers have good adhesion properties when used over the root canal walls in the apical third. Good adaptation of the filling used for the root canal walls in the middle and the cervical third was found only in teeth obturated using Gutta Flow, while samples obturated by N2 - zinc oxide root canal cement and Endomethasone showed the weak?est adhesion, and greatest number of cracks between the sealer and the canal wall. Conclusion. When using a single-cone obturation technique, compared to other obturation materials, Gutta Flow shows considerably better adaptation to the root canal wall and the gutta-percha points in the apical, middle, and the cervical third of the root.
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Dobrzańska, Joanna, Lech B. Dobrzański, Leszek A. Dobrzański, Klaudiusz Gołombek, and Anna D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz. "Is Gutta-Percha Still the “Gold Standard” among Filling Materials in Endodontic Treatment?" Processes 9, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081467.
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The paper is an extensive monographic review of the literature, and also uses the results of the authors’ own experimental research illustrating the noticed developmental tendencies of the filling material based on gutta-percha. The whole body of literature proves the correctness of the research thesis that this material is the best currently that can be used in endodontics. Caries is one of the most common global infectious diseases. Since the dawn of humankind, the consequence of the disease has been the loss of dentition over time through dental extractions. Both tooth caries and tooth loss cause numerous complications and systemic diseases, which have a serious impact on insurance systems and on the well-being, quality, and length of human life. Endodontic treatment, which has been developing since 1836, is an alternative to tooth extraction. Based on an extensive literature review, the methodology of qualifying patients for endodontic treatment was analyzed. The importance of selecting filling material and techniques for the development and obturation of the root canal during endodontic treatment was described. Particular attention was paid to the materials science aspects and the sequence of phase transformations and precipitation processes, as well as the need to ensure the stoichiometric chemical composition of Ni–Ti alloys, and the vacuum metallurgical processes and material processing technologies for the effects of shape memory and superelasticity, which determine the suitability of tools made of this alloy for endodontic purposes. The phenomena accompanying the sterilization of such tools, limiting the relatively small number of times of their use, play an important role. The methods of root canal preparation and obturation methods through cold side condensation and thermoplastic methods, including the most modern of them, the thermo-hydraulic condensation (THC) technique, were analyzed. An important element of the research hypothesis was to prove the assumption that to optimize the technology of development and obturation of root canals, tests of filling effectiveness are identified by the density and size of the gaps between the root canal wall, and the filling methods used and devices appropriate for material research, using mainly microscopy such as light stereoscopic (LSM) and scanning electron (SEM). The most beneficial preparations were obtained by making a longitudinal breakthrough of 48 natural human teeth, extracted for medical reasons, different from caries, with compliance with all ethical principles in this field. The teeth were prepared using various methods and filled with multiple obturation techniques, using a virtual selection of experimental variants. The breakthroughs were made in liquid nitrogen after a one-sided incision with a narrow gap created by a diamond disc using a materialographic cutter. The best effectiveness of the root canal filling was ensured by the technology of preparing the root canals with K3 rotary nitinol tools and filling the teeth with the THC thermoplastic method using the System B and Obtura III devices with studs and pellets of filling material based on gutta-percha after covering the root canal walls with a thin layer of AH Plus sealant. In this way, the research thesis was confirmed.
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Chalil, Noushad Matavan, Shravan Kini, Sunil Jose, Arun Narayanan, Shahnas Salahudeen, and Faizal C. Peedikayil. "Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Type IV Wiene’s Root Canal: A Case Report." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/731467.
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This case report describes an endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with type IV root canal. A 26-year-old male patient reported pain in right mandibular second premolar. Clinical examination showed a large carious lesion with pulp exposure. Radiographs showed minimal periapical changes and slight widening of periodontal ligament space. Mandibular second premolars usually have one canal. The mandibular second premolar may present large number of anatomic variations. The clinician should be aware of the configuration of the pulp system. This case presents the diagnosis and clinical management of a mandibular second premolar with two distinct canals in the apical third of root (Type IV Wiene’s canal configuration), drawing particular attention to tactile examination of all the canal walls and obturating it with calamus 3D obturation system.
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Brkanic, Tatjana, Slavoljub Zivkovic, and Milan Drobac. "Root canal preparation techniques using nickel-titanium rotary instruments." Medical review 58, no. 3-4 (2005): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0504203b.
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Introduction The main purpose of endodontic treatment is to clean the root canal system, eliminate the infected and toxic contents, and shape it in order to get a tridimensional obturation. The aim of this paper is to inform dental practitioners about crown-down techniques for root canal preparation using nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Root canal preparation Today most endodontists believe that root canal preparation is more officious, cleaning and shaping are better, if pre-enlargement of coronal two thirds is performed first, and shaping of the apical part later. Machine driven rotary instruments provide much quicker and better root canal preparation. Conclusion Contemporary endodontic rotary files vary in regard to their taper, cutting blades, guiding tip and material they are made of. The usage of rotary nickel-titanium files adds a new quality to root canal preparation.
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Nešković, Jelena, Milica Jovanović-Medojević, Đurica Grga, Branka Popovic, and Slavoljub Živković. "Microbiological status of root canal after unsuccessful endodontic treatment." Serbian Dental Journal 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sdj-2018-0019.
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Summary Introduction The main objective of endodontic treatment is to eliminate infection from root canal and prevent reinfection by three-dimensional hermetic obturation of the canal system. Endodontic failure can occur due to inability of complete control and elimination of infection from the root canal. The aim of this study is to investigate, by PCR technique, microbiological status of previously endodontically unsuccessfully treated teeth immediately after the removal of obturation material. Material and Methods The analysis included 30 teeth indicated for endodontic retreatment. After removing previous root canal filling material, the bacteriological sample was taken by sterile instrument (# 15) and paper points. Standard PCR technique was used to analyze the incidence of E.faecalis, P.micros, P.intermedia, P. endodontalis and A.actinomycetemcomitans. Results Positive bacteriological findings were registered in 80% of cases, while bacteria were not identified in 20% of all samples (all taken from the root canals without significant changes in periapical tissue). From 24 canals with identified bacteria, 17 had affected apical periodontium. The most dominant microbe in root canals with positive bacteriological finding was E.faecalis (83.3% of the canals) and P.intermedia (75%). In case of teeth with chronic periapical changes, the most common was E. faecalis (94%) and P.intermedia (82.3%). Conclusion The presence of periapical lesions significantly affects microbiological status of endodontically treated teeth. The presence of bacteria was confirmed in most teeth with periapical lesions, while the most frequently identified bacteria were E. faecalis, P.intermedia and P.micros.
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Molyvdas, Ioannis, Anna Digka, and Georgios Mikrogeorgis. "Root Canal Treatment of Mandibular Second Premolars with Three Root Canals-Report of Four Rare Cases." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2020-0008.
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SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of root canal treatment is the thorough cleaning, shaping and obturation of the root canals. Variations in root canal anatomy increase the difficulty of the root canal treatment and therefore the possibility of failure. The mandibular premolars often present complex anatomy and the existence of mandibular second premolars with three root canals is very scarce. This report presents the successful endodontic management of four mandibular second premolars with three root canals.Cases Report: In all cases working length was estimated using the working length radiograph and an apex locator. Canal orifices were enlarged with Gates-Glidden drills and manual instrumentation performed with Stainless Steel reamers and Hedstroem files, using either step-back or crown-down technique. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2.5% was used as an irrigant. Root canal obturation were then performed using the cold lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha points and Roth’s 801 canal sealer. The cases were scheduled for clinical and radiographic follow-up examination. Clinically in all follow-up examinations the teeth were asymptomatic. For the three cases with periapical lesions, post treatment radiographs, demonstrated periapical healing. Additionally, in the case without periapical lesion, the 9 months recall radiograph revealed healthy periapical conditions.Conclusions: Mandibular premolars should never be underestimated and the clinician should always be alerted for anatomic variations.
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Ţuculină, Mihaela Jana, Lelia Gheorghiţă, Oana Andreea Diaconu, Marilena Bătăiosu, Ionela Teodora Dascălu, Sanda Mihaela Popescu, Horia Octavian Manolea, and Monica Scrieciu. "Comparative Study Regarding Two Obturation Methods with Thermoplasticized Gutta-Percha for the Root Canals." Key Engineering Materials 695 (May 2016): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.695.12.
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AIM: This study draws a comparison, through the transparentization method, focusing on the quality of the canal obturation made with thermoplasticized gutta-percha, between two different systems: GuttaMaster VDW (München, Germany), based on obturators made of a plastic core, covered in alpha gutta-percha, and a system of vertical warm condensation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study focused on twenty teeth extracted for various reasons which underwent the endodontic treatment realized through a hybrid technique, using the rotary files system of NiTi MTWO (VDW, München, Germany), and the manual files k-file type (Kendo, VDW, München, Germany). The teeth were distributed into two groups of ten. The teeth in the first group underwent obturation using the CWC technique of vertical warm obturation, and the teeth in the second group underwent root obturation using the GuttaMaster system (VDW, München, Germany). The teeth were decalcified in nitric acid. Using the method of transparentization with methyl salicylate, there were emphasized aspects regarding the abilities of each method to seal three-dimensionally the endodontic space.RESULTS: The teeth which underwent vertical obturation presented many more holes in the obturation material, holes situated mainly in the medial and coronary third. However, these teeth presented the highest degree of insertion in the lateral canals, as compared to the other obturation technique employed. The homogeneity of the root obturation had not had any statistical significant differences between the two techniques. However, the technique of injecting thermoplasticized gutta-percha was superior to the other one regarding the tightness on the edge and the degree of penetration in the lateral canals.CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of both the qualities and the limits of the obturation material chosen, as well as the correctness of performing the two techniques, determines a definite improvement of the quality of the canal treatment, which ends with a three-dimensional canal obturation.
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Ahmed, Tahmeena Ishrat, and Mujibur Rahman Howlader. "Non-surgical Management of Endodontic Periradicular Pathosis - A Clinical Research." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 1, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v1i1.3694.
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<p><strong>Background: </strong>In most cases the aetiological factors of periradicular diseases are oral contaminants through the root canal or degenerating pulpal tissues. Therefore, the mere surgical removal of the periapical lesions without proper root canal disinfection and obturation will not result in the healing of the periradicular tissues. On the other hand, traditional surgical technique rather fearful and troublesome job due to various reasons. So successful apical and periapical repair depends on conventional root canal treatment - a non surgical procedure. Crucial to this management and ultimate success is the complete debridement of the root canal system, followed by three-dimensional obturation to seal both the apical foramen and coronal orifice.</p> <p><strong>Objective</strong>: Thus, the purpose of this study was to clinically verify the possibility of management of periradicular pathosis by non-surgical conventional root canal therapy.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was a prospective observational study carried out in the department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Here, 75 cases of eondodontically involved symptomatic non-vital teeth having periradicular pathosis were managed by conventional root canal therapy.</p> <p><strong>Result: </strong>After 18 months follow up with post operative clinical and radiological evaluations, in this study the final outcome was favourable-88%, doubtful-08 %, and failure-04%.</p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong>Endodontics; Periarticular pathosis</p><p>DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v1i1.3694</p> <p><em>BSMMU J</em> 2008; 1(1): 22-28</p>
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Stojanac, Igor, Milica Premovic, Milan Drobac, Bojana Ramic, and Ljubomir Petrovic. "Clinical features and endodontic treatment of two-rooted mandibular canines: Report of four cases." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 142, no. 9-10 (2014): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1410592s.
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Introduction. Predictable endodontic treatment depends on the dentist?s knowledge about root canal morphology and its possible anatomic variations. The majority of mandibular canines have one root and root canal, but 15% may have two canals and a smaller number may have two distinct roots. The following clinical reports describe endodontic treatment of mandibular canines with two roots and two root canals. Outline of Cases. Four clinical case reports are presented to exemplify anatomical variation in the human mandibular canine. Detailed analysis of the preoperative radiographs and careful examination of the pulp chamber floor detected the presence of two root canal orifices in all canines. Working length was determined with an electronic apex locator and biomechanical preparation was carried out by using engine driven BioRaCe Ni-Ti rotary instruments in a crown-down manner, followed by copious irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite. Definitive obturation was performed using cold lateral condensation with gutta-percha cones and Top Seal paste. The treatment outcome was evaluated using postoperative radiographs. Conclusion. Endodontists should be aware of anatomical variations of the treated teeth, and should never presume that canal systems are simple.
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Swathi U B, Sindhu Ramesh, and Delphine Priscilla Antony. "Comparative analysis of various obturation techniques in mandibular molars: A retrospective clinical outcome study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 9, 2020): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2909.
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The primary objective of root canal treatment is the ability to remove irritants, to clean, shape and fill the root canal system three-dimensionally and prevent recontamination from bacterial irritants. Various Obturation techniques used for filling the root canals include lateral condensation, vertical compression, and thermoplastic gutta-percha techniques. The retrospective study aimed to evaluate the various obturation techniques used in mandibular molars. For this retrospective study data collection was based on patient records of Saveetha Dental College, Chennai and consisted of a total of 1903 cases evaluated based on the obturation technique within the time frame of 10th June 2019 to 1st March 2020. In this study, the obturation technique was evaluated based on the patients age, gender, procedure and based on the tooth in which obturation was done. Inclusion criteria consisted of the tooth that underwent endodontic treatment in patients within the age group of 18 to 60 yrs, a tooth with irreversible pulpal disease or chronic apical periodontitis, permanent tooth and mandibular molars. Exclusion criteria consisted of patients above 60 years, primary tooth, teeth in which root canal treatment was not undertaken, teeth with the presence of huge periapical lesions, severely calcified canals etc., severe periodontal disease, teeth apart from mandibular molars. All the values were then statistically analysed. In this study, 1930 patients (848 are females, and 1055 were males with a mean age of 24 years) were included. It was observed in this retrospective study that there was a significant difference between the various types of obturation technique used in mandibular molars. Matched single cone obturation technique was the preferred technique of obturation in the majority of the cases (62.4%). Single cone obturation technique has advantages over other techniques of obturation due to the fewer stress forces implied apically, thereby preventing an excess of sealer extrusion.
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Nazneen, Rafia, Rajesh Karmaker, Gulnar Begum, and Nurul Amin. "Radiographic evaluation of the quality of root canal treatment in a Bangladeshi population." IMC Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcjms.v13i2.45288.
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Background and objective: Root canal treatment (RCT) has a high rate of success, when performed by properly trained dental surgeons. However, the failure rate is inappreciably high when the same procedure is done by less experienced dental graduates having no specialization on endodontics. This study was conducted to evaluate the technical quality of RCT performed by practicing dental graduates on Bangladeshi patient.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry of BIRDEM General Hospital Dhaka over a period of 6 months from January to June 2019. Radiographs of patients who had undergone RCT in last 6 months were included in the study. Parameters used to evaluate the obturation of the root canal were presence of root-filled, posts and voids. The RCT was assessed for filling at the end of the root with radiographic apex, the density of the filling material and taper from the orifice to apex. The quality of RCT was evaluated as totally unacceptable (score: 0-2), poorly acceptable (score: 3-4), acceptable (score: 5) and perfect (score: 6) based on the treatment score. Post-treatment complications were determined by furcation and cavity wall perforation, transportation, root perforation, instrument breakage, ledge formation, voids and missed canal.
Result: A total of 180 postoperative readable radiographs with post root-canal treatment were evaluated. Evaluation of the technical quality of RCT revealed that 56% of the RCTs were of standard quality (41.7% were of perfect quality and 14.4% were of acceptable quality). The rest 23.3% were poorly acceptable and 20.6% were totally unacceptable. Majority (92.8%) of the obturation of the root canal revealed that roots were filled with sealing materials; however, 8.9% exhibited posts and 36.7% demonstrated voids. A sizable portion of the root canal obturation was unacceptable in terms of its length (12.2%), density (20%) and tapering (16.7%). Total 132 (73.3%) teeth developed at least one complication. Under filling and voids were predominant complications (42.8% and 41.1% respectively) followed by root perforation (12.2%), transportation (11.7%), ledge formation (5%), instrument breakage (2.8%) and missed canal (3.3%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that over forty percent of the RCTs performed by dental graduates having no specialization on endodontics are of substandard quality and hence not acceptable.
Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 59-64
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Goyal, Roma, Jastinder Singh, Pardeep Mahajan, Prashant Monga, and Deepa Thaman. "Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First Molar: An Endodontic Challenge." Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education 5, no. 2 (August 27, 2015): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v5i2.24720.
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Success of endodontic therapy depends on the proper identification of all the canals, thorough chemo-mechanical preparation followed by three dimensional obturation with fluid tight seal. Failure of any of these steps may occur due to unusual tooth morphology. Proper knowledge of root canal anatomy is a basic prerequisite for the endodontic treatment successful. Mandibular molars may have an additional root located lingually (radix entomolaris) or buccally (radix paramolaris). Awareness and understanding of the presence of unusual external and internal root canal morphology contributes to the successful outcome of the root canal treatment.Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(2) 2015: 66-69
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Putri, Asri Riany. "CROWN DOWN PREPARATION TECHNIQUE WITH LARGE TAPER ENDODONTIC HAND INSTRUMENT." Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) 17, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v17i1.2075.
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Introduction: Root canal preparation is an important step in root canal treatment. The use of stainless steel K-Files is time-consuming and causes fatigue to patients and operators. The large taper endodontic hand instrument can be used as an option for another preparation instrument. The purpose of this article is to determine the advantages of using large taper endodontic hand instruments as a preparation instrument compared to conventional stainless steel K-Files. Case: The 24-year-old male patient presented with pain in his lower left tooth even though it was not used. Examination of teeth 35, percussion and press (+), palpation (-), CE (-), exploration of root canals with smooth broach (+). There was a radiolucent image in the distal crown that had reached the pulp chamber, radiolucency with a blurred border of 2 mm in diameter at the periapical area, and the dilation of the periodontal ligaments along with the roots. Tooth 35 diagnosis was partial pulp necrosis with periapical lesions. Case Management: Root canal treatment of teeth 35 using hand-used ProTaper with the crown down technique up to F4 WL = 21 mm. Obturation with single cone technique with Endomethasone as a sealer. Discussion: The large taper instrument is very flexible and easily enters narrow and bent root canals, thus it can shorten the working time, reduce the risk of fatigue for patients and operators, improves the cleaning of the root canal system, and consistent root canal formation. The crown down technique used can reduce the risk of preparation errors, prevent debris extrusion and improve obturation quality. Conclusion: Root canal preparation using a large taper endodontic hand instrument can shorten the working time and reduce the risk of fatigue for patients and operators compared to preparations using conventional stainless steel K-File.