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Journal articles on the topic 'Endogenous exit'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mantovani, Andrea, and Giordano Mion. "Advertising and endogenous exit in a differentiated duopoly." Recherches économiques de Louvain 72, no. 1 (2006): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800007168.

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SummaryIn this paper we consider a two-stage duopoly game where firms first decide whether to invest in advertising and then compete in prices. Advertising has two effects: a market enlargement for both firms and a predatory gain for the investing firm only.Both symmetric and asymmetric equilibria may arise. The two most interesting cases are a coordination game where both firms investing and non-investing are equilibria, and a chicken game where only one firm invests while the other is possibly driven (endogenously) out of the market. Our results suggest that product differentiation has an am

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Mantovani, Andrea, and Giordano Mion. "Advertising and endogenous exit in a differentiated duopoly." Recherches économiques de Louvain 72, no. 1 (2006): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rel.721.0019.

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3

Lavrutich, Maria N. "Capacity choice under uncertainty in a duopoly with endogenous exit." European Journal of Operational Research 258, no. 3 (2017): 1033–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.09.048.

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4

Chang, Myong-Hun. "Entry, Exit, and the Endogenous Market Structure in Technologically Turbulent Industries." Eastern Economic Journal 37, no. 1 (2010): 51–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/eej.2010.55.

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5

Bayer, Christian. "Investment timing and predatory behavior in a duopoly with endogenous exit." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 31, no. 9 (2007): 3069–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2006.10.006.

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6

Wang, Z. M., H. Yang, and D. M. Livingston. "Endogenous E2F-1 promotes timely G0 exit of resting mouse embryo fibroblasts." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, no. 26 (1998): 15583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.26.15583.

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7

Cont, Rama, and Lakshithe Wagalath. "RUNNING FOR THE EXIT: DISTRESSED SELLING AND ENDOGENOUS CORRELATION IN FINANCIAL MARKETS." Mathematical Finance 23, no. 4 (2012): 718–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.2011.00510.x.

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8

Wang, Rongxuan, Yankai Huang, and Teng Feng. "The influence of non-controlling major shareholder's exit threat on firm's idiosyncratic risk." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 8 (April 11, 2023): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v8i.7163.

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Non-controlling major shareholders can effectively restrain controlling shareholders and management by exit threat, so as to participate in corporate governance. Traditional research holds that the exit threat of non-controlling major shareholders can make the company have a more stable development prospect, but it has not paid enough attention to the hidden dangers. Based on 23,243 samples of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2010 to 2021, this paper analyzes the influence of non-controlling major shareholder's exit threat on idiosyncratic risk of enterprises. It is found that the exit thre

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Lys, Thomas Z., and Jayanthi Sunder. "Endogenous entry/exit as an alternative explanation for the disciplining role of independent analysts." Journal of Accounting and Economics 45, no. 2-3 (2008): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2008.02.001.

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Saito, Yuta. "A Note on Time Inconsistency and Endogenous Exits from a Currency Union." Games 13, no. 2 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g13020021.

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This paper investigates the effects of members’ exits from a currency union on the credibility of the common currency. In our currency union model, the inflation rate of the common currency is determined by majority voting among N member countries that are heterogeneous with respect to their output shocks. Once an inflation rate of the common currency has been selected, each member decides whether to remain in the currency union or not. If a member decides to exit, it has to pay a fixed social cost and individually chooses the inflation rate of its currency. Unlike previous research on this to

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Thiel, Jurre H. "Adviser Compensation, Endogenous Entry, and the Advice Gap." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 14, no. 3 (2022): 76–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20200074.

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To prevent biased advice, regulators increasingly ban commission payments to financial advisers. Such bans are associated with “advice gaps,” meaning that advice becomes less accessible. To understand the trade-off between the quality and accessibility of advice, this paper develops a model of price competition in advice markets with endogenous entry of advisers. While commission bans increase consumer surplus in the short run, they hurt the profitability of advisers. In the long run, advisers exit the market, advice becomes inaccessible, and consumer surplus decreases. These results imply tha

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Geiger, Donald R., Jerome C. Servaites, and Mark A. Fuchs. "Role of starch in carbon translocation and partitioning at the plant level." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 6 (2000): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99128.

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Endogenous regulation of translocation and of carbon partitioning, major factors for integrating plant function, depend on diurnal regulation of starch synthesis and mobilization. Regulated diurnal cycling of transitory starch provides a steady carbon supply to sink growth and avoids potentially adverse high sugar levels. Carbon availability from starch affects development and alters carbon availability with respect to nitrogen. Along with sugar sensing, the level and turnover of starch are involved in endogenous regulation in response to carbohydrate status. Despite their key roles in plant m

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Wollmann, Thomas G. "Trucks without Bailouts: Equilibrium Product Characteristics for Commercial Vehicles." American Economic Review 108, no. 6 (2018): 1364–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160863.

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The entry and exit of products, rather than firms, serve as the main equilibrating force in many markets, so accurately predicting changes from a merger or bankruptcy should incorporate this behavior. This paper estimates a structural model of the US commercial vehicle market and demonstrates the importance of allowing for endogenous product offerings in the context of the $85 billion automotive industry bailout in 2009. Under alternate policies that facilitate an acquisition or liquidation of GM and Chrysler, product entry and exit moderate markup increases and output decreases by up to three

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14

Hayashi, Fumio, and Junko Koeda. "Exiting from quantitative easing." Quantitative Economics 10, no. 3 (2019): 1069–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe1058.

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We propose an empirical framework for analyzing the macroeconomic effects of quantitative easing (QE) and apply it to Japan. The framework is a regime‐switching structural vector autoregression in which the monetary policy regime, chosen by the central bank responding to economic conditions, is endogenous and observable. QE is modeled as one of the regimes. The model incorporates an exit condition for terminating QE. We find that higher reserves at the effective lower bound raise inflation and output, and that terminating QE may be contractionary or expansionary, depending on the state of the

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Yao, Haixiang, Yongzeng Lai, and Zhifeng Hao. "Uncertain exit time multi-period mean–variance portfolio selection with endogenous liabilities and Markov jumps." Automatica 49, no. 11 (2013): 3258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2013.08.023.

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16

Castle, Anna M., Amy Y. Huang, and J. David Castle. "Passive Sorting in Maturing Granules of AtT-20 Cells: The Entry and Exit of Salivary Amylase and Proline-rich Protein." Journal of Cell Biology 138, no. 1 (1997): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.138.1.45.

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Previous studies have suggested that salivary amylase and proline-rich protein are sorted differently when expressed in AtT-20 cells (Castle, A.M., L.E. Stahl, and J.D. Castle. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:13093– 13100; Colomer, V., K. Lal, T.C. Hoops, and M.J. Rindler. 1994.EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 13:3711– 3719). We now show that both exocrine proteins behave similarly and enter the regulated secretory pathway as judged by immunolocalization and secretagogue- dependent stimulation of secretion. Analysis of stimulated secretion of newly synthesized proline-rich protein, amylase, and endog

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17

Dorey, Peter. "Towards Exit from the EU: The Conservative Party’s Increasing Euroscepticism since the 1980s." Politics and Governance 5, no. 2 (2017): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v5i2.873.

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Since the 1980s, Britain’s Conservative Party has become increasingly critical of the European Union, and of the country’s membership of it. So contentious and controversial has this issue become that it was a significant factor in the downfall of three consecutive Conservative Prime Ministers, all of whom found it increasingly difficult to manage their Party in Parliament, and thereby maintain any semblance of Party unity. Initially, during the 1980s and 1990s, the intra-Party divisions were between Europhiles (pro-Europeans) and Eurosceptics, but this demarcation was subsequently superseded

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18

Matrizaev, B. J. "The Study of Specific Empirical Patterns of the Influence of State Macrofinancial Policy on Stimulating Innovation Activity Within the Framework of Endogenous Growth Theory." Finance: Theory and Practice 29, no. 2 (2025): 194–207. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-2-194-207.

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The subject of the study is the empirical patterns of the influence of the state macrofinanciaL policy on stimulating innovation activity within the framework of the endogenous theory of growth. The purpose of the paper is to propose an approach aimed at ensuring direct market competition between several firms in each industry, which combines the concept of endogenous growth with a dynamic industry model of ideal Kurnout - Nash equilibrium. The scientific contribution and novelty of the research Lies in the development of new and improvement of key methodological approaches already used to ass

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Chiroli, Elena, Roberta Fraschini, Alessia Beretta, Mariagrazia Tonelli, Giovanna Lucchini, and Simonetta Piatti. "Budding yeast PAK kinases regulate mitotic exit by two different mechanisms." Journal of Cell Biology 160, no. 6 (2003): 857–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200209097.

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We report the characterization of the dominant-negative CLA4t allele of the budding yeast CLA4 gene, encoding a member of the p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of protein kinases, which, together with its homologue STE20, plays an essential role in promoting budding and cytokinesis. Overproduction of the Cla4t protein likely inhibits both endogenous Cla4 and Ste20 and causes a delay in the onset of anaphase that correlates with inactivation of Cdc20/anaphase-promoting complex (APC)–dependent proteolysis of both the cyclinB Clb2 and securin. Although the precise mechanism of APC inhibition by C

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20

Igami, Mitsuru, and Kosuke Uetake. "Mergers, Innovation, and Entry-Exit Dynamics: Consolidation of the Hard Disk Drive Industry, 1996–2016." Review of Economic Studies 87, no. 6 (2019): 2672–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdz044.

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Abstract How far should an industry be allowed to consolidate when competition and innovation are endogenous? We develop a stochastically alternating-move game of dynamic oligopoly and estimate it using data from the hard disk drive industry, in which a dozen global players consolidated into only three in the last 20 years. We find plateau-shaped equilibrium relationships between competition and innovation, with heterogeneity across time and productivity. Our counterfactual simulations suggest the current rule-of-thumb policy, which stops mergers when three or fewer firms exist, strikes approx

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Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom, and William Kerr. "Innovation, Reallocation, and Growth." American Economic Review 108, no. 11 (2018): 3450–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130470.

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We build a model of firm-level innovation, productivity growth, and reallocation featuring endogenous entry and exit. A new and central economic force is the selection between high- and low-type firms, which differ in terms of their innovative capacity. We estimate the parameters of the model using US Census microdata on firm-level output, R&D, and patenting. The model provides a good fit to the dynamics of firm entry and exit, output, and R&D. Taxing the continued operation of incumbents can lead to sizable gains (of the order of 1.4 percent improvement in welfare) by encouraging exit

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22

Moon, Soojae. "Endogenous Tradability, International Relative Prices, and the International Transmission of Business Cycles." Research in Applied Economics 11, no. 3 (2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v11i3.15272.

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This paper propose a two-country, dynamic, stochastic, general equilibrium (DSGE) model with endogenous tradability, product differentiation, variously determined physical capital, and an elastic labor supply to explore the propagation of business cycles across countries. The model successfully addresses international relative price dynamics (its appreciation with positive home productivity shock, called the ‘Harrod-Balassa-Samuelson Effect’) through the entry of producers and their cut-off productivities of exporting. The use of endogenous physical capital in the model induces a more realisti

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23

Durceylan, Esra. "Tax efficiency in a model of endogenous markups." SERIEs 10, no. 3-4 (2019): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13209-019-00209-w.

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Abstract Efficiency comparison of ad valorem and unit taxes has been traditionally based on consumer welfare. However, if the tax instrument also affects the distribution of firms over their productivities, the policy maker may be concerned about the implications on aggregate productivity as well. This paper makes an efficiency comparison of ad valorem and unit taxes by allowing the distribution of firms to respond to changes in policy. First, I make an efficiency comparison in a model with monopolistically competitive firms that are homogenous with respect to their productivity levels. Consum

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24

Li, Binghui, Nan Jia, Reuben Kapur, and Kristin T. Chun. "Cul4A targets p27 for degradation and regulates proliferation, cell cycle exit, and differentiation during erythropoiesis." Blood 107, no. 11 (2006): 4291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-08-3349.

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AbstractAs erythroid progenitors differentiate into precursors and finally mature red blood cells, lineage-specific genes are induced, and proliferation declines until cell cycle exit. Cul4A encodes a core subunit of a ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and Cul4A-haploinsufficient mice display hematopoietic dysregulation with fewer multipotential and erythroid-committed progenitors. In this study, stress induced by 5-fluorouracil or phenylhydrazine revealed a delay in the recovery of erythroid progenitors, early precursors, and normal hematocrits in Cul4

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25

Li, Yan, and Kiwon Song. "The N-Terminal Domain of Bfa1 Coordinates Mitotic Exit Independent of GAP Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Cells 11, no. 14 (2022): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11142179.

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The spindle position checkpoint (SPOC) of budding yeast delays mitotic exit in response to misaligned spindles to ensure cell survival and the maintenance of genomic stability. The GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex Bfa1–Bub2, a key SPOC component, inhibits the GTPase Tem1 to induce mitotic arrest in response to DNA and spindle damage, as well as spindle misorientation. However, previous results strongly suggest that Bfa1 exerts a GAP-independent function in blocking mitotic exit in response to misaligned spindles. Thus, the molecular mechanism by which Bfa1 controls mitotic exit in respo

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26

Shad, Muhammad Riaz, and Sajid Iqbal. "FROM INTERVENTION TO EXIT: AN ANALYSIS OF POST-9/11 US STRATEGIES IN AFGHANISTAN." Margalla Papers 25, no. 2 (2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.25.2.70.

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Following the US exit from Afghanistan, the debate revolves around why US intervention in Afghanistan, the longest and one of the most expensive in its history, has failed in defeating the Taliban and realising a durable state-building. The debate considers endogenous factors that explore US and Taliban strategies and exogenous factors that underline the role of regional and extra-regional actors in determining the outcome of the Afghan conflict. This paper, therefore, focuses on faults and inconsistencies within and across US strategies in Afghanistan, i.e., the use of military force, politic

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Shad, Muhammad Riaz, and Sajid Iqbal. "FROM INTERVENTION TO EXIT: AN ANALYSIS OF POST-9/11 US STRATEGIES IN AFGHANISTAN." Margalla Papers 25, no. 2 (2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.25.2.70.

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Following the US exit from Afghanistan, the debate revolves around why US intervention in Afghanistan, the longest and one of the most expensive in its history, has failed in defeating the Taliban and realising a durable state-building. The debate considers endogenous factors that explore US and Taliban strategies and exogenous factors that underline the role of regional and extra-regional actors in determining the outcome of the Afghan conflict. This paper, therefore, focuses on faults and inconsistencies within and across US strategies in Afghanistan, i.e., the use of military force, politic

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28

Callahan, K. M., J. F. Rowell, M. J. Soloski, C. E. Machamer, and R. F. Siliciano. "HIV-1 envelope protein is expressed on the surface of infected cells before its processing and presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 151, no. 6 (1993): 2928–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.6.2928.

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Abstract T lymphocytes are activated upon binding of their Ag receptors to a complex of Ag-derived peptides and MHC class I or class II molecules expressed on the surface of APC. It is now well established that APC degrade exogenous Ag in acidic endosomal compartments, and that Ag fragments bind to class II molecules moving through these compartments on their way to the surface of the APC. Although peptides derived from some endogenous Ag can also bind to class II molecules and subsequently be recognized by class II-restricted T cells, the intracellular trafficking pathways that enable endogen

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Arnaud, Frederick, Pablo R. Murcia, and Massimo Palmarini. "Mechanisms of Late Restriction Induced by an Endogenous Retrovirus." Journal of Virology 81, no. 20 (2007): 11441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01214-07.

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ABSTRACT The host has developed during evolution a variety of “restriction factors” to fight retroviral infections. We investigated the mechanisms of a unique viral block acting at late stages of the retrovirus replication cycle. The sheep genome is colonized by several copies of endogenous retroviruses, known as enJSRVs, which are highly related to the oncogenic jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). enJS56A1, one of the enJSRV proviruses, can act as a restriction factor by blocking viral particles release of the exogenous JSRV. We show that in the absence of enJS56A1 expression, the JSRV Gag (t

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Galvanovskis, Juris, Matthias Braun та Patrik Rorsman. "Exocytosis from pancreatic β-cells: mathematical modelling of the exit of low-molecular-weight granule content". Interface Focus 1, № 1 (2010): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2010.0006.

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Pancreatic β-cells use Ca 2+ -dependent exocytosis of large dense core vesicles to release insulin. Exocytosis in β-cells has been studied biochemically, biophysically and optically. We have previously developed a biophysical method to monitor release of endogenous intragranular constituents that are co-released with insulin. This technique involves the expression of ionotropic membrane receptors in the β-cell plasma membrane and enables measurements of exocytosis of individual vesicles with sub-millisecond resolution. Like carbon fibre amperometry, this method allows fine details of the relea

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Chun, Kristin T., Nan Jia, Yahaira M. Naaldjik, Reuben Kapur, and Binghui Li. "CUL-4A Targets p27 for Degradation and Regulates Proliferation, Cell Cycle Exit, and Differentiation during Erythropoiesis." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1358.1358.

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Abstract As erythroid progenitors differentiate into precursors and finally mature red blood cells, they induce the expression of lineage-specific genes, and their proliferation declines until cell cycle exit. CUL-4A encodes a core subunit of a ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and CUL-4A haploinsufficient mice display hematopoietic dysregulation with fewer multipotential and erythroid committed progenitors (3-fold and 5-fold, respectively). In this study, stress induced by 5-fluorouracil or phenylhydrazine reveals a delay in the ability of CUL-4A +/− m

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Flatt, Patricia M., Luo Jia Tang, Caroline D. Scatena, Suzanne T. Szak, and Jennifer A. Pietenpol. "p53 Regulation of G2 Checkpoint Is Retinoblastoma Protein Dependent." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 12 (2000): 4210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.12.4210-4223.2000.

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ABSTRACT In the present study, we investigated the role of p53 in G2 checkpoint function by determining the mechanism by which p53 prevents premature exit from G2 arrest after genotoxic stress. Using three cell model systems, each isogenic, we showed that either ectopic or endogenous p53 sustained a G2arrest activated by ionizing radiation or adriamycin. The mechanism was p21 and retinoblastoma protein (pRB) dependent and involved an initial inhibition of cyclin B1-Cdc2 activity and a secondary decrease in cyclin B1 and Cdc2 levels. Abrogation of p21 or pRB function in cells containing wild-ty

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Natarajan, Rajalaxmi, and Adam D. Linstedt. "A Cyclingcis-Golgi Protein Mediates Endosome-to-Golgi Traffic." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 11 (2004): 4798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-05-0366.

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Toxins can invade cells by using a direct endosome-to-Golgi endocytic pathway that bypasses late endosomes/prelysosomes. This is also a route used by endogenous proteins, including GPP130, which is an integral membrane protein retrieved via the bypass pathway from endosomes to its steady-state location in the cis-Golgi. An RNA interference-based test revealed that GPP130 was required for efficient exit of Shiga toxin B-fragment from endosomes en route to the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, two proteins whose Golgi targeting depends on endosome-to-Golgi retrieval in the bypass pathway accumulated

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Okamuro, Hiroyuki, Yasushi Hara, and Yunosuke Iwaki. "Impact of Consumer Awareness and Behavior on Business Exits in the Hospitality, Tourism, Entertainment, and Culture Industries under the COVID-19 Pandemic." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040169.

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Empirical studies on small business survival and exits focus on endogenous firms and top manager characteristics, whereas few studies consider exogenous demand shocks and local consumer awareness and behavior, which are especially important for local hospitality industries. Therefore, this study addresses this research gap by targeting the COVID-19 pandemic and anti-contagion policies as a local demand shock for service industries. We empirically investigate the causal effects of changing local consumer awareness and behavior under COVID-19 on business exits at the prefecture-industry level. B

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Song, Sukgil, and Kyung S. Lee. "A Novel Function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC5 in Cytokinesis." Journal of Cell Biology 152, no. 3 (2001): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.152.3.451.

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Coordination of mitotic exit with timely initiation of cytokinesis is critical to ensure completion of mitotic events before cell division. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae polo kinase Cdc5 functions in a pathway leading to the degradation of mitotic cyclin Clb2, thereby permitting mitotic exit. Here we provide evidence that Cdc5 also plays a role in regulating cytokinesis and that an intact polo-box, a conserved motif in the noncatalytic COOH-terminal domain of Cdc5, is required for this event. Depletion of Cdc5 function leads to an arrest in cytokinesis. Overexpression of the COOH-terminal domai

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Lu, Zhuomei, Donald Joseph, Elisabeth Bugnard, Kristien J. M. Zaal, and Evelyn Ralston. "Golgi Complex Reorganization during Muscle Differentiation: Visualization in Living Cells and Mechanism." Molecular Biology of the Cell 12, no. 4 (2001): 795–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.12.4.795.

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During skeletal muscle differentiation, the Golgi complex (GC) undergoes a dramatic reorganization. We have now visualized the differentiation and fusion of living myoblasts of the mouse muscle cell line C2, permanently expressing a mannosidase-green fluorescent protein (GFP) construct. These experiments reveal that the reorganization of the GC is progressive (1–2 h) and is completed before the cells start fusing. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopy demonstrate that the GC is fragmented into elements localized near the endop

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Irwin, Douglas A. "Did Late-Nineteenth-Century U.S. Tariffs Promote Infant Industries? Evidence from the Tinplate Industry." Journal of Economic History 60, no. 2 (2000): 335–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700025122.

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Did late-nineteenth-century U.S. tariffs promote infant industries? After earlier failures, the tinplate industry became established and flourished after receiving protection with the 1890 McKinley tariff. Treating producers' entry and exit decisions as endogenous, a probability model is estimated to determine the conditions under which domestic tinplate production will occur. Counterfactual simulations indicate that, without the McKinley duties, domestic tinplate production would have arisen about a decade later as U.S. iron and steel input prices converged with those in Britain. Although the

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Kops, Geert J. P. L., Rene H. Medema, Janet Glassford, et al. "Control of Cell Cycle Exit and Entry by Protein Kinase B-Regulated Forkhead Transcription Factors." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 7 (2002): 2025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.7.2025-2036.2002.

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ABSTRACT AFX-like Forkhead transcription factors, which are controlled by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling, are involved in regulating cell cycle progression and cell death. Both cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis are mediated in part by transcriptional regulation of p27kip1. Here we show that the Forkheads AFX (FOXO4) and FKHR-L1 (FOXO3a) also directly control transcription of the retinoblastoma-like p130 protein and cause upregulation of p130 protein expression. Detailed analysis of p130 regulation demonstrates that following Forkhead-induced ce

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Wong, Christopher, and Richard Roy. "AMPK Regulates Developmental Plasticity through an Endogenous Small RNA Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (2020): 2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062238.

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Caenorhabditis elegans larvae can undergo developmental arrest upon entry into the dauer stage in response to suboptimal growth conditions. Dauer larvae can exit this stage in replete conditions with no reproductive consequence. During this diapause stage, the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) ensures that the germ line becomes quiescent to maintain germ cell integrity. Animals that lack all AMPK signalling undergo germline hyperplasia upon entering dauer, while those that recover from this stage become sterile. Neuronal AMPK expression in otherwise AMPK-deficient animals

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Paris, Maryline, Wen-Horng Wang, Min-Hwa Shin, David S. Franklin, and Ourania M. Andrisani. "Homeodomain Transcription Factor Phox2a, via Cyclic AMP-Mediated Activation, Induces p27Kip1 Transcription, Coordinating Neural Progenitor Cell Cycle Exit and Differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 23 (2006): 8826–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00575-06.

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ABSTRACT Mechanisms coordinating neural progenitor cell cycle exit and differentiation are incompletely understood. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is transcriptionally induced, switching specific neural progenitors from proliferation to differentiation. However, neuronal differentiation-specific transcription factors mediating p27Kip1 transcription have not been identified. We demonstrate the homeodomain transcription factor Phox2a, required for central nervous system (CNS)- and neural crest (NC)-derived noradrenergic neuron differentiation, coordinates cell cycle exit and diffe

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JESO, Bruno DI, Luca ULIANICH, Francesco PACIFICO, et al. "Folding of thyroglobulin in the calnexin/calreticulin pathway and its alteration by loss of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum." Biochemical Journal 370, no. 2 (2003): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20021257.

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During its initial folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), newly synthesized thyroglobulin (Tg) is known to interact with calnexin and other ER molecular chaperones, but its interaction with calreticulin has not been examined previously. In the present study, we have investigated the interactions of endogenous Tg with calreticulin and with several other ER chaperones. We find that, in FRTL-5 and PC-Cl3 cells, calnexin and calreticulin interact with newly synthesized Tg in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, with largely overlapping kinetics that are concomitant with the maturation of Tg intrac

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Héron-Milhavet, Lisa, Celine Franckhauser, Vanessa Rana, et al. "Only Akt1 Is Required for Proliferation, while Akt2 Promotes Cell Cycle Exit through p21 Binding." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 22 (2006): 8267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00201-06.

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ABSTRACT Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is an important modulator of insulin signaling, cell proliferation, and survival. Using small interfering RNA duplexes in nontransformed mammalian cells, we show that only Akt1 is essential for cell proliferation, while Akt2 promotes cell cycle exit. Silencing Akt1 resulted in decreased cyclin A levels and inhibition of S-phase entry, effects not seen with Akt2 knockdown and specifically rescued by microinjection of Akt1, not Akt2. In differentiating myoblasts, Akt2 knockout prevented myoblasts from exiting the cell cycle and showed sustained cyclin A expres

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Roberts, James W., and Andrew Sweeting. "Bailouts and the Preservation of Competition: The Case of the Federal Timber Contract Payment Modification Act." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 8, no. 3 (2016): 257–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20150070.

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We estimate the value of competition in United States Forest Service (USFS) timber auctions, in the context of the Reagan administration's bailout of firms that faced substantial losses on existing contracts. We use a model with endogenous entry by asymmetric firms, allowing survivors to respond to the exit of bailed-out firms by entering more auctions and for these marginal entrants to have lower values than firms that would choose to enter in any event, a selective entry effect. Observed asymmetries and selective entry contribute to us finding that the bailout may have increased USFS revenue

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Kroft, Kory, Jean-William Laliberté, René Leal-Vizcaíno, and Matthew J. Notowidigdo. "Efficiency and Incidence of Taxation with Free Entry and Love-of-Variety Preferences." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 16, no. 2 (2024): 300–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20220007.

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We develop a theory of commodity taxation featuring imperfect competition along with love-of-variety preferences and endogenous firm entry and exit. We derive new formulas for the efficiency and pass-through of specific and ad valorem taxes. These formulas unify existing canonical ones and feature a new term capturing the effect of variety on consumer surplus. As a proof of concept, we use theoretical formulas to identify love-of-variety preferences in an empirical application. Our welfare analysis shows that the marginal excess burden is sensitive to the estimated love of variety, which overt

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Munarriz, Eliana, Daniela Barcaroli, Anastasis Stephanou, et al. "PIAS-1 Is a Checkpoint Regulator Which Affects Exit from G1 and G2 by Sumoylation of p73." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 24 (2004): 10593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.24.10593-10610.2004.

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ABSTRACT p73 is a recently described member of the p53 family, and, like p53, it undergoes a number of posttranslational modifications. Here we show, by yeast two-hybrid screening, pull-down assays, and coimmunoprecipitation, that p73α, -β, and -γ bind to the protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (PIAS-1) and that this binding stabilizes p73. PIAS-1 also sumoylates p73α, although not the C-terminally truncated isoforms p73β and -γ, and this requires the RING finger domain of PIAS-1. The ΔNp73α isoform can also bind, and be sumoylated by, PIAS-1. PIAS-1-mediated sumoylation decreases p73 transc

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van Zon, Wouter, Janneke Ogink, Bas ter Riet, René H. Medema, Hein te Riele, and Rob M. F. Wolthuis. "The APC/C recruits cyclin B1–Cdk1–Cks in prometaphase before D box recognition to control mitotic exit." Journal of Cell Biology 190, no. 4 (2010): 587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200912084.

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The ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is activated at prometaphase by mitotic phosphorylation and binding of its activator, Cdc20. This initiates cyclin A degradation, whereas cyclin B1 is stabilized by the spindle checkpoint. Upon checkpoint release, the RXXL destruction box (D box) was proposed to direct cyclin B1 to core APC/C or Cdc20. In this study, we report that endogenous cyclin B1–Cdk1 is recruited to checkpoint-inhibited, phosphorylated APC/C in prometaphase independently of Cdc20 or the cyclin B1 D box. Like cyclin A, cyclin B1 binds the APC/C by the Cdk

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Pinkovetskaia, Iuliia S. "ASSESSMENT OF REASONS FOR THE TERMINATION ACTIVITY OF ENTREPRENEURS IN MODERN ECONOMIES." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Economics 18, no. 1 (2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1812-3988.2020.18(1).24-31.

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Every entrepreneur sooner or later ceases their activities. At the same time, little attention is paid to this stage of the life cycle of entrepreneurs in scientific research. Proper understanding of the reasons for the exit of entrepreneurs from business is necessary for the further development of the business sector. Therefore, the analysis of features of termination of business activity in national economies is relevant at the present stage of research. Purpose of the study is to assess the reasons for the exit of entrepreneurs from their own business. The study used

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Warenius, Hilmar, Tracy Gorman, Matthew Jones, et al. "168 Post-radiation exit from G2 is related to endogenous RAF-1 protein levels in human cells expressing wild-type p53." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 36, no. 1 (1996): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(97)85508-3.

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Mono, Jean Bernard Awono, Marcellin Stéphane Bella Ngadena, Jean Cedric Oyono, Alice Brondinne Singui Ndombi, and Awah Manga Armel. "Job Search, Spatial Constraints, and Unemployment Duration: An Empirical Analysis of the Cameroonian Case." Journal of Economic Sciences, no. 2.1 (June 30, 2023): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i1.a4.

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The individual transition from unemployment to employment is conditioned by various elements. If some of them concern directly the individual characteristics of workers, while others implicate indeed their environment when searching for a job. The residential location, housing status, and high travel distances to each labor market area are factors that can influence the exit rate of unemployment. This paper aims to integrate, in a job search model with endogenous intensity, the spatial horizon of prospecting. This horizon is introduced through the prospecting distance, which influences both th

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Opp, Christian C. "Venture Capital and the Macroeconomy." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 11 (2019): 4387–446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz031.

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Abstract I develop a model of venture capital (VC) intermediation that quantitatively explains central empirical facts about VC activity and can evaluate its macroeconomic relevance. The impact of VC-backed innovations is significantly larger than suggested by observed aggregate venture exit valuations, even after accounting for large exposures to systematic and uninsurable idiosyncratic risks. The risk properties of venture capital play a quantitatively important role in both explaining empirical regularities and shaping the value of ventures’ contributions to economic growth. The model is an

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