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Journal articles on the topic 'Endogenous oscillators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Grechenko, T. N., A. N. Kharitonov, and A. V. Zhegallo. "Evolutionary paths of electric oscillators." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, no. 2 (2015): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080208.

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The endogenous electrical signals play an important role in information processes occurring in living systems. They are found in living beings of different evolutionary levels from prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes. We hypothesized that the presence and variety of endogenous oscillators in individual organisms are connected with the way they survive, i.e. totally dependent on the community or partially independent of it. To test the hypothesis, we recorded electrical activity from individual cells and their communities in experiments with the earliest evolutionary beings, prokaryotes: cy

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Oprisan, Sorinel A. "All Phase Resetting Curves Are Bimodal, but Some Are More Bimodal Than Others." ISRN Computational Biology 2013 (December 12, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/230571.

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Phase resetting curves (PRCs) are phenomenological and quantitative tools that tabulate the transient changes in the firing period of endogenous neural oscillators as a result of external stimuli, for example, presynaptic inputs. A brief current perturbation can produce either a delay (positive phase resetting) or an advance (negative phase resetting) of the subsequent spike, depending on the timing of the stimulus. We showed that any planar neural oscillator has two remarkable points, which we called neutral points, where brief current perturbations produce no phase resetting and where the PR

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Helfrich, Charlotte, and Wolfgang Engelmann. "Evidences for Circadian Rhythmicity in the per° Mutant of Drosophila melanogaster." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 42, no. 11-12 (1987): 1335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1987-11-1231.

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per° Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster which are exposed to light-dark cycles (LD) with different Zeitgeber period (T) have a limited range of entrainment. Entrained flies show a characteristic phase relationship of activity to the LD which depends on the period of the driving cycle as expected by oscillator theory. Both facts are taken as evidence that per° possesses endogenous oscillators and that the per gene product is not concerned with central clock structures but rather might be responsible for the mutual coupling between the individual oscillators in a multioscillatory system controll

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Braun, H. A., M. T. Huber, M. Dewald, K. Schäfer, and K. Voigt. "Computer Simulations of Neuronal Signal Transduction: The Role of Nonlinear Dynamics and Noise." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, no. 05 (1998): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498000681.

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Nonlinear ionic interactions at the nerve cell membrane can account for oscillating membrane potentials and the generation of periodic neuronal impulse activity. In combination with noise, external modulation of the endogenous oscillations allows for continuous transitions between a variety of impulse patterns. Such "noisy oscillators" afford, thereby, an important mechanism of neuronal encoding as is demonstrated here with experimental data from peripheral cold receptors and corresponding computer simulations.

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Isorna, Esther, Nuria de Pedro, Ana I. Valenciano, Ángel L. Alonso-Gómez, and María J. Delgado. "Interplay between the endocrine and circadian systems in fishes." Journal of Endocrinology 232, no. 3 (2017): R141—R159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-16-0330.

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The circadian system is responsible for the temporal organisation of physiological functions which, in part, involves daily cycles of hormonal activity. In this review, we analyse the interplay between the circadian and endocrine systems in fishes. We first describe the current model of fish circadian system organisation and the basis of the molecular clockwork that enables different tissues to act as internal pacemakers. This system consists of a net of central and peripherally located oscillators and can be synchronised by the light–darkness and feeding–fasting cycles. We then focus on two c

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LoFaro, Thomas, Nancy Kopell, Eve Marder, and Scott L. Hooper. "Subharmonic Coordination in Networks of Neurons with Slow Conductances." Neural Computation 6, no. 1 (1994): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1994.6.1.69.

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We study the properties of a network consisting of two model neurons that are coupled by reciprocal inhibition. The study was motivated by data from a pair of cells in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion. One of the model neurons is an endogenous burster; the other is excitable but not bursting in the absence of phasic input. We show that the presence of a hyperpolarization activated inward current (ih) in the excitable neuron allows these neurons to fire in integer subharmonics, with the excitable cell firing once for every N ≥ 1 bursts of the oscillator. The value of N depends on the amou

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O'Brien, GM. "Seasonal reproduction in flying foxes, reviewed in the context of other tropical mammals." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 5, no. 5 (1993): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9930499.

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Megachiroptera inhabit the Old World tropics and most are seasonal breeders having defined times of testis growth, mating and parturition. In Pteropus scapulatus, the little red flying fox, the robust rhythm of testis cycles is resistant to modification by photoperiod. P. poliocephalus, the greyheaded flying fox, can be manipulated by photoperiod but responds slowly and incompletely. Most mammals live in the tropics, many in seasonally harsh climates, and many breed seasonally. However, few long-lived tropical mammals have been investigated for photoperiodic entrainment of annual reproductive

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Bloch, Guy, Erik D. Herzog, Joel D. Levine, and William J. Schwartz. "Socially synchronized circadian oscillators." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1765 (2013): 20130035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0035.

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Daily rhythms of physiology and behaviour are governed by an endogenous timekeeping mechanism (a circadian ‘clock’). The alternation of environmental light and darkness synchronizes (entrains) these rhythms to the natural day–night cycle, and underlying mechanisms have been investigated using singly housed animals in the laboratory. But, most species ordinarily would not live out their lives in such seclusion; in their natural habitats, they interact with other individuals, and some live in colonies with highly developed social structures requiring temporal synchronization. Social cues may thu

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Nohales, Maria A. "Spatial Organization and Coordination of the Plant Circadian System." Genes 12, no. 3 (2021): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12030442.

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The plant circadian clock has a pervasive influence on many aspects of plant biology and is proposed to function as a developmental manager. To do so, the circadian oscillator needs to be able to integrate a multiplicity of environmental signals and coordinate an extensive and diverse repertoire of endogenous rhythms accordingly. Recent studies on tissue-specific characteristics and spatial structure of the plant circadian clock suggest that such plasticity may be achieved through the function of distinct oscillators, which sense the environment locally and are then coordinated across the plan

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Mikaberidze, Guram, and Raissa M. D’Souza. "Sandpile cascades on oscillator networks: The BTW model meets Kuramoto." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 5 (2022): 053121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095094.

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Cascading failures abound in complex systems and the Bak–Tang–Weisenfeld (BTW) sandpile model provides a theoretical underpinning for their analysis. Yet, it does not account for the possibility of nodes having oscillatory dynamics, such as in power grids and brain networks. Here, we consider a network of Kuramoto oscillators upon which the BTW model is unfolding, enabling us to study how the feedback between the oscillatory and cascading dynamics can lead to new emergent behaviors. We assume that the more out-of-sync a node is with its neighbors, the more vulnerable it is and lower its load-c

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Pérez-Cervera, Alberto, and Jaroslav Hlinka. "Perturbations both trigger and delay seizures due to generic properties of slow-fast relaxation oscillators." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 3 (2021): e1008521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008521.

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The mechanisms underlying the emergence of seizures are one of the most important unresolved issues in epilepsy research. In this paper, we study how perturbations, exogenous or endogenous, may promote or delay seizure emergence. To this aim, due to the increasingly adopted view of epileptic dynamics in terms of slow-fast systems, we perform a theoretical analysis of the phase response of a generic relaxation oscillator. As relaxation oscillators are effectively bistable systems at the fast time scale, it is intuitive that perturbations of the non-seizing state with a suitable direction and am

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Herzog, Erik D., and William J. Schwartz. "Invited Review: A neural clockwork for encoding circadian time." Journal of Applied Physiology 92, no. 1 (2002): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00836.2001.

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10.1152/japplphysiol.00836.2001.—Many daily biological rhythms are governed by an innate timekeeping mechanism or clock. Endogenous, temperature-compensated circadian clocks have been localized to discrete sites within the nervous systems of a number of organisms. In mammals, the master circadian pacemaker is the bilaterally paired suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN is composed of multiple single cell oscillators that must synchronize to each other and the environmental light schedule. Other tissues, including those outside the nervous system, have also been sh

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Rowat, P. F., and A. I. Selverston. "Modeling the gastric mill central pattern generator of the lobster with a relaxation-oscillator network." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 3 (1993): 1030–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.3.1030.

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1. The gastric mill central pattern generator (CPG) controls the chewing movements of teeth in the gastric mill of the lobster. This CPG has been extensively studied, but the precise mechanism underlying pattern generation is not well understood. The goal of this research was to develop a simplified model that captures the principle, biologically significant features of this CPG. We introduce a simplified neuron model that embodies approximations of well-known membrane currents, and is able to reproduce several global characteristics of gastric mill neurons. A network built with these neurons,

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Aviram, Rona, Vaishnavi Dandavate, Gal Manella, Marina Golik, and Gad Asher. "Ultradian rhythms of AKT phosphorylation and gene expression emerge in the absence of the circadian clock components Per1 and Per2." PLOS Biology 19, no. 12 (2021): e3001492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001492.

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Rhythmicity of biological processes can be elicited either in response to environmental cycles or driven by endogenous oscillators. In mammals, the circadian clock drives about 24-hour rhythms of multitude metabolic and physiological processes in anticipation to environmental daily oscillations. Also at the intersection of environment and metabolism is the protein kinase—AKT. It conveys extracellular signals, primarily feeding-related signals, to regulate various key cellular functions. Previous studies in mice identified rhythmicity in AKT activation (pAKT) with elevated levels in the fed sta

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Yuasa, Hideo, and Masami Ito. "Generation of Locomotive Patterns and Self-Organization." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 4, no. 2 (1992): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1992.p0142.

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Rhythmic movements of walking, swimming, etc. are controlled by mutually coupled endogenous neural oscillators. These rhythms coordinate one another to generate temporal and spatial moving patterns suitable for their environments and purposes. For example, a cat moves faster, the gait patterns change from “walk” to “trot”, and lastly to “gallop”. This moving pattern generator system can be regarded as one of the autonomous distributed systems which generates global patterns suitable for their environments and purposes. Using the bifurcation theory, it is possible to construct a system that sui

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Hatsopoulos, Nicholas G. "Coupling the Neural and Physical Dynamics in Rhythmic Movements." Neural Computation 8, no. 3 (1996): 567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1996.8.3.567.

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A pair of coupled oscillators simulating a central pattern generator (CPG) interacting with a pendular limb were numerically integrated. The CPG was represented as a van der Pol oscillator and the pendular limb was modeled as a linearized, hybrid spring-pendulum system. The CPG oscillator drove the pendular limb while the pendular limb modulated the frequency of the CPG. Three results were observed. First, sensory feedback influenced the oscillation frequency of the coupled system. The oscillation frequency was lower in the absence of sensory feedback. Moreover, if the muscle gain was decrease

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Mistlberger, Ralph E., and Michael C. Antle. "Entrainment of circadian clocks in mammals by arousal and food." Essays in Biochemistry 49 (June 30, 2011): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0490119.

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Circadian rhythms in mammals are regulated by a system of endogenous circadian oscillators (clock cells) in the brain and in most peripheral organs and tissues. One group of clock cells in the hypothalamic SCN (suprachiasmatic nuclei) functions as a pacemaker for co-ordinating the timing of oscillators elsewhere in the brain and body. This master clock can be reset and entrained by daily LD (light–dark) cycles and thereby also serves to interface internal with external time, ensuring an appropriate alignment of behavioural and physiological rhythms with the solar day. Two features of the mamma

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Northcott, S. J., R. N. Gibson, and E. Morgan. "The persistence and modulation of endogenous circatidal rhythmicity in Lipophrys pholis (Teleostei)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, no. 4 (1990): 815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400059087.

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In constant conditions, freshly-collected Lipophrys pholis show an endogenous circatidal activity rhythm, the initial activity peaks of which are phased to the expected time of high tide. The rhythm usually damps out over a few days but it may re-appear spontaneously or as a result of disturbance caused by handling and transfer to the experimental apparatus. The free-running period is more variable in fish kept in non-tidal conditions for prolonged periods than in those recorded shortly after capture. The non-circatidal periodicity shown by some fish may be the result of stable coupling in ant

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Della Torre, Sara, Andrea Biserni, Gianpaolo Rando, et al. "The Conundrum of Estrogen Receptor Oscillatory Activity in the Search for an Appropriate Hormone Replacement Therapy." Endocrinology 152, no. 6 (2011): 2256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-0173.

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By the use of in vivo imaging, we investigated the dynamics of estrogen receptor (ER) activity in intact, ovariectomized, and hormone-replaced estrogen response element-luciferase reporter mice. The study revealed the existence of a long-paced, noncircadian oscillation of ER transcriptional activity. Among the ER-expressing organs, this oscillation was asynchronous and its amplitude and period were tissue dependent. Ovariectomy affected the amplitude but did not suppress ER oscillations, suggesting the presence of tissue endogenous oscillators. Long-term administration of raloxifene, bazedoxif

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Menger, Gus J., Kim Lu, Terry Thomas, Vincent M. Cassone, and David J. Earnest. "Circadian profiling of the transcriptome in immortalized rat SCN cells." Physiological Genomics 21, no. 3 (2005): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00224.2004.

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Endogenous oscillations in gene expression are a prevalent feature of the circadian clock in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and similar timekeeping systems in other organisms. To determine whether immortalized cells derived from the rat SCN (SCN2.2) retain these intrinsic rhythm-generating properties, oscillatory behavior of the SCN2.2 transcriptome was analyzed and compared with that found in the rat SCN in vivo using rat U34A Affymetrix GeneChips. In SCN2.2 cells, 116 unique genes and 46 ESTs or genes of unknown function exhibited circadian fluctuations with a 1.5-fold or greate

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Lee, Yool, and Jonathan P. Wisor. "Multi-Modal Regulation of Circadian Physiology by Interactive Features of Biological Clocks." Biology 11, no. 1 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010021.

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The circadian clock is a fundamental biological timing mechanism that generates nearly 24 h rhythms of physiology and behaviors, including sleep/wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolism. Evolutionarily, the endogenous clock is thought to confer living organisms, including humans, with survival benefits by adapting internal rhythms to the day and night cycles of the local environment. Mirroring the evolutionary fitness bestowed by the circadian clock, daily mismatches between the internal body clock and environmental cycles, such as irregular work (e.g., night shift work) and life schedul

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García-Allegue, R., P. Lax, A. M. Madariaga, and J. A. Madrid. "Locomotor and feeding activity rhythms in a light-entrained diurnal rodent, Octodon degus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 2 (1999): R523—R531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.2.r523.

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The wheel running (WR) and feeding activity (FA) of Octodon degus, a new laboratory rodent characterized by its diurnal habits, were recorded under different lighting conditions. Under 12:12-h light-dark (LD 12:12) cycles, WR activity exhibited a crepuscular pattern with two peaks, M and E, associated with “dawn” and “dusk,” respectively. In both cases, an anticipatory activity was patent, suggesting that, beside the masking effect of LD transitions, both peaks have an endogenous origin. This pattern, which was also observed under a skeleton photoperiod (LD 0.5:11.5), became unimodal after LD

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Yang, Ping, Jianhao Wang, Fu-Yu Huang, Songguang Yang, and Keqiang Wu. "The Plant Circadian Clock and Chromatin Modifications." Genes 9, no. 11 (2018): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9110561.

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The circadian clock is an endogenous timekeeping network that integrates environmental signals with internal cues to coordinate diverse physiological processes. The circadian function depends on the precise regulation of rhythmic gene expression at the core of the oscillators. In addition to the well-characterized transcriptional feedback regulation of several clock components, additional regulatory mechanisms, such as alternative splicing, regulation of protein stability, and chromatin modifications are beginning to emerge. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the regulation of the c

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Prosviryakova, M. V., V. F. Storchevoy, N. G. Goryacheva, O. V. Mikhailova, G. V. Novikova, and A. V. Storchevoy. "Continuous-flow hop dryer with endogenous convection heat producers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (2022): 012141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012141.

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Abstract The paper describes a KhS-400 hop dryer configuration that calls for operating conditions to be aligned for autumn conditions due to a lower moisture-absorbing capacity of ambient air, thus making consumer-oriented characteristics unstable. It seems relevant to design a continuous-flow hop dryer to provide endogenous convection drying of freshly harvested hops that reduces operating costs and maintains consumer-oriented characteristics. The innovative idea is that the hop dryer incorporates resonators with concave surfaces and ceramic perforated convex bases, and oscillators operating

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Lu, Renbin, Yufan Dong, and Jia-Da Li. "Necdin regulates BMAL1 stability and circadian clock through SGT1-HSP90 chaperone machinery." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 14 (2020): 7944–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa601.

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Abstract Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control ∼24-hour physiology and behaviors in virtually all organisms. The circadian oscillator comprises interconnected transcriptional and translational feedback loops, but also requires finely coordinated protein homeostasis including protein degradation and maturation. However, the mechanisms underlying the mammalian clock protein maturation is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that necdin, one of the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)-causative genes, is highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the pacemaker of ci

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Prusik, Magdalena, and Bogdan Lewczuk. "Diurnal Rhythm of Plasma Melatonin Concentration in the Domestic Turkey and Its Regulation by Light and Endogenous Oscillators." Animals 10, no. 4 (2020): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040678.

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The aim of this study was to characterize the diurnal rhythm of plasma melatonin (MLT) concentration and its regulation by light and endogenous oscillators in 10-week-old domestic turkeys. Three experiments were performed to examine (i) the course of daily changes in plasma MLT concentration in turkeys kept under a 12 h light: 12 h dark (12L:12D) cycle; (ii) the influence of night-time light exposure lasting 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 h on the plasma MLT level; and (iii) the occurrence of circadian fluctuations in plasma MLT levels in birds kept under continuous dim red light and the ability of turkeys t

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Tsang, Anthony H., Johanna L. Barclay, and Henrik Oster. "Interactions between endocrine and circadian systems." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 52, no. 1 (2013): R1—R16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-13-0118.

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In most species, endogenous circadian clocks regulate 24-h rhythms of behavior and physiology. Clock disruption has been associated with decreased cognitive performance and increased propensity to develop obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Many hormonal factors show robust diurnal secretion rhythms, some of which are involved in mediating clock output from the brain to peripheral tissues. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of clock–hormone interaction in mammals, the contribution of different tissue oscillators to hormonal regulation, and how changes in circadian timing impinge on endocrin

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D'yakonova, T. L. "Neurochemical mechanisms of burst activity regulation in isolated snail endogenous oscillators: Role of monoamines in opoid peptides." Neurophysiology 23, no. 4 (1992): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01052568.

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Brzezinski, Amnon, Seema Rai, Adyasha Purohit, and Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal. "Melatonin, Clock Genes, and Mammalian Reproduction: What Is the Link?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (2021): 13240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413240.

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Physiological processes and behaviors in many mammals are rhythmic. Recently there has been increasing interest in the role of circadian rhythmicity in the control of reproductive function. The circadian rhythm of the pineal hormone melatonin plays a role in synchronizing the reproductive responses of animals to environmental light conditions. There is some evidence that melatonin may have a role in the biological regulation of circadian rhythms and reproduction in humans. Moreover, circadian rhythms and clock genes appear to be involved in optimal reproductive performance. These rhythms are c

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GRACE, MICHAEL S., ATSUHIKO CHIBA, and MICHAEL MENAKER. "Circadian control of photoreceptor outer segment membrane turnover in mice genetically incapable of melatonin synthesis." Visual Neuroscience 16, no. 5 (1999): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899165106.

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Vertebrate retinal photoreceptors periodically shed membrane from their outer segment distal tips; this material is phagocytosed and degraded by the retinal pigmented epithelium. Both a circadian oscillator and the daily light–dark cycle affect disk shedding, and the effects of both may be mediated by melatonin. To clarify melatonin's role in this process, we asked whether endogenous melatonin is required for rhythmic disk shedding in mouse retina. We analyzed disk shedding in two mouse strains: C3H, which produce melatonin in retina and pineal under the control of circadian oscillators, and C

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de la Iglesia, Horacio O., and William J. Schwartz. "Minireview: Timely Ovulation: Circadian Regulation of the Female Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis." Endocrinology 147, no. 3 (2006): 1148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1311.

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The preovulatory surge in the secretion of LH is timed by a neuroendocrine integrative mechanism that involves ovarian estradiol levels and the endogenous circadian system. Studies in female rats and hamsters have established that the clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus has a preeminent role in setting the LH surge, and anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological data are revealing the responsible connections between suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons and GnRH and estradiol-receptive areas. Recent investigations show that GnRH and pituitary cells express circadian clock genes tha

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Li, Lei. "Circadian Vision in Zebrafish: From Molecule to Cell and from Neural Network to Behavior." Journal of Biological Rhythms 34, no. 5 (2019): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730419863917.

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Most visual system functions, such as opsin gene expression, retinal neural transmission, light perception, and visual sensitivity, display robust day-night rhythms. The rhythms persist in constant lighting conditions, suggesting the involvement of endogenous circadian clocks. While the circadian pacemakers that control the rhythms of animal behaviors are mostly found in the forebrain and midbrain, self-sustained circadian oscillators are also present in the neural retina, where they play important roles in the regulation of circadian vision. This review highlights some of the correlative stud

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Bässler, Ulrich. "The walking-(and searching-) pattern generator of stick insects, a modular system composed of reflex chains and endogenous oscillators." Biological Cybernetics 69, no. 4 (1993): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00203127.

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OISHI, Katsutaka, Hidenori SHIRAI та Norio ISHIDA. "CLOCK is involved in the circadian transactivation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in mice". Biochemical Journal 386, № 3 (2005): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20041150.

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PPARα (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism. In the present study, we show that circadian expression of mouse PPARα mRNA requires the basic helix–loop–helix PAS (Per-Arnt-Sim) protein CLOCK, a core component of the negative-feedback loop that drives circadian oscillators in mammals. The circadian expression of PPARα mRNA was abolished in the liver of homozygous Clock mutant mice. Using wild-type and Clock-deficient fibroblasts

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Tsz Ki Kenas, Wong. "Research progress on circadian rhythm-related Alzheimer's disease and Cancer." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 65 (August 29, 2023): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v65i.11265.

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Endogenous oscillators include circadian oscillators, which control 24-hour physiological and behavioral processes. Nowadays, 7–16% of people with circadian sleep disorders are young adults or adolescents. On the other hand, there are in excess of six million Alzheimer's patients in the United States. By 2050, it is predicted that the population will nearly triple to 13 million. Numerous facets of mammals biology, such as the coordination of sleep and the immune respond are influenced by the central circadian clock. Unusual sleep-wake cycles and disrupted circadian rhythms are frequent symptom

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van Bree, Sander, Ediz Sohoglu, Matthew H. Davis, and Benedikt Zoefel. "Sustained neural rhythms reveal endogenous oscillations supporting speech perception." PLOS Biology 19, no. 2 (2021): e3001142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001142.

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Rhythmic sensory or electrical stimulation will produce rhythmic brain responses. These rhythmic responses are often interpreted as endogenous neural oscillations aligned (or “entrained”) to the stimulus rhythm. However, stimulus-aligned brain responses can also be explained as a sequence of evoked responses, which only appear regular due to the rhythmicity of the stimulus, without necessarily involving underlying neural oscillations. To distinguish evoked responses from true oscillatory activity, we tested whether rhythmic stimulation produces oscillatory responses which continue after the en

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Van Drunen, Rachel, and Kristin Eckel-Mahan. "Circadian Rhythms of the Hypothalamus: From Function to Physiology." Clocks & Sleep 3, no. 1 (2021): 189–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep3010012.

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The nearly ubiquitous expression of endogenous 24 h oscillations known as circadian rhythms regulate the timing of physiological functions in the body. These intrinsic rhythms are sensitive to external cues, known as zeitgebers, which entrain the internal biological processes to the daily environmental changes in light, temperature, and food availability. Light directly entrains the master clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which lies in the hypothalamus of the brain and is responsible for synchronizing internal rhythms. However, recent evidence underscores the importance of other hypoth

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Cardi, P., and F. Nagy. "A rhythmic modulatory gating system in the stomatogastric nervous system of Homarus gammarus. III. Rhythmic control of the pyloric CPG." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 6 (1994): 2503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.6.2503.

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1. Two modulatory neurons, P and commissural pyloric (CP), known to be involved in the long-term maintenance of pyloric central pattern generator operation in the rock lobster Homarus gammarus, are members of the commissural pyloric oscillator (CPO), a higher-order oscillator influencing the pyloric network. 2. The CP neuron was endogenously oscillating in approximately 30% of the preparations in which its cell body was impaled. Rhythmic inhibitory feedback from the pyloric pacemaker anterior burster (AB) neuron stabilized the CP neuron's endogenous rhythm. 3. The organization of the CPO is de

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Wikelski, Martin, Lynn B. Martin, Alex Scheuerlein, et al. "Avian circannual clocks: adaptive significance and possible involvement of energy turnover in their proximate control." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1490 (2007): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2147.

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Endogenous circannual clocks are found in many long-lived organisms, but are best studied in mammal and bird species. Circannual clocks are synchronized with the environment by changes in photoperiod, light intensity and possibly temperature and seasonal rainfall patterns. Annual timing mechanisms are presumed to have important ultimate functions in seasonally regulating reproduction, moult, hibernation, migration, body weight and fat deposition/stores. Birds that live in habitats where environmental cues such as photoperiod are poor predictors of seasons (e.g. equatorial residents, migrants t

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Reisenman, Carolina E., Teresita C. Insausti, and Claudio R. Lazzari. "Light-induced and circadian changes in the compound eye of the haematophagous bug Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 2 (2002): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.2.201.

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SUMMARY We analysed dynamic changes in the ommatidial structure of the compound eyes of Triatoma infestans. This nocturnal insect possesses open-rhabdom eyes, in which a ring of six rhabdomeres from retinula cells 1–6 (R1–6) surrounds a central pair of rhabdomeres from retinula cells 7 and 8 (R7–8). Screening pigments are located in all the photoreceptors and in the primary (PPC) and secondary (SPC) pigment cells. During the day, pigments within R1–6 and the PPCs form a small ‘pupil’ above the rhabdom and pigments within R7–8 are clustered around the central rhabdomere, allowing light to reach

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Harris, Michael B., Richard J. A. Wilson, Konstantinon Vasilakos, Barbara E. Taylor, and John E. Remmers. "Central respiratory activity of the tadpole in vitro brain stem is modulated diversely by nitric oxide." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 283, no. 2 (2002): R417—R428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00513.2001.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent central neuromodulator of respiration, yet its scope and site of action are unclear. We used 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective inhibitor of endogenous neuronal NO synthesis, to investigate the neurogenesis of respiration in larval bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana) isolated brain stems. 7-NI treatment (0.0625–0.75 mM) increased the specific frequency of buccal ventilation (BV) events, indicating influence on BV central rhythm generators (CRGs). The drug reduced occurrence, altered burst shape, and disrupted clustering of lung ventilation (LV) events, without altering

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De Nobrega, Aliza K., and Lisa C. Lyons. "Drosophila: An Emergent Model for Delineating Interactions between the Circadian Clock and Drugs of Abuse." Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4723836.

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Endogenous circadian oscillators orchestrate rhythms at the cellular, physiological, and behavioral levels across species to coordinate activity, for example, sleep/wake cycles, metabolism, and learning and memory, with predictable environmental cycles. The 21st century has seen a dramatic rise in the incidence of circadian and sleep disorders with globalization, technological advances, and the use of personal electronics. The circadian clock modulates alcohol- and drug-induced behaviors with circadian misalignment contributing to increased substance use and abuse. Invertebrate models, such as

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Gil-Lozano, Manuel, W. Kelly Wu, Alexandre Martchenko, and Patricia L. Brubaker. "High-Fat Diet and Palmitate Alter the Rhythmic Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 by the Rodent L-cell." Endocrinology 157, no. 2 (2015): 586–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1732.

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Abstract Secretion of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), by the intestinal L-cell is rhythmically regulated by an independent molecular clock. However, the impact of factors known to affect the activity of similar cell-autonomous clocks, such as circulating glucocorticoids and high-fat feeding, on GLP-1 secretory patterns remains to be elucidated. Herein the role of the endogenous corticosterone rhythm on the pattern of GLP-1 and insulin nutrient-induced responses was examined in corticosterone pellet-implanted rats. Moreover, the impact of nutrient excess on the time-depen

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Wolfgang, Werner, Alekos Simoni, Carla Gentile, and Ralf Stanewsky. "The Pyrexia transient receptor potential channel mediates circadian clock synchronization to low temperature cycles in Drosophila melanogaster." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1768 (2013): 20130959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0959.

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Circadian clocks are endogenous approximately 24 h oscillators that temporally regulate many physiological and behavioural processes. In order to be beneficial for the organism, these clocks must be synchronized with the environmental cycles on a daily basis. Both light : dark and the concomitant daily temperature cycles (TCs) function as Zeitgeber (‘time giver’) and efficiently entrain circadian clocks. The temperature receptors mediating this synchronization have not been identified. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels function as thermo-receptors in animals, and here we show that th

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GRÈVE, Pierre, Pierre VOISIN, Aline GRECHEZ-CASSIAU, Marianne BERNARD, Jean-Pierre COLLIN, and Jérôme GUERLOTTÉ. "Circadian regulation of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase mRNA in the chicken pineal gland in vivo and in vitro." Biochemical Journal 319, no. 3 (1996): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3190761.

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The production of the pineal hormone melatonin displays circadian variations with high levels at night. The last enzyme involved in melatonin biosynthesis is hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT, EC 2.1.1.4). The expression of the mRNA encoding chicken HIOMT was investigated in vivo and in vitro throughout the light/dark cycle, in constant darkness and with light interruption of the dark phase. The stability of HIOMT mRNA was also examined. A day/night rhythm of HIOMT mRNA levels, with a peak at the midlight phase, was observed in vivo as well as in vitro. Constant darkness did not abolish

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Puchalski, W., and G. R. Lynch. "Photoperiodic time measurement in Djungarian hamsters evaluated from T-cycle studies." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 267, no. 1 (1994): R191—R201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.1.r191.

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We investigated the photoperiodic response to T-cycles (0.5 h of light at intervals ranging from 23.0 h to 25.3 h) of two phenotypes of Djungarian hamsters that either exhibit or lack physiological short-day adjustments under a photoperiod of 9 h light:15 h darkness. Illumination of the same circadian time caused a similar photoperiodic response in both phenotypes. Thus hamsters found to be insensitive under a full short-day photoperiod can exhibit short-day adjustments after exposure to certain T-cycles. Given these results we conclude that the absence of photoperiodic adjustments normally fo

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Golombek, Diego A., and Ruth E. Rosenstein. "Physiology of Circadian Entrainment." Physiological Reviews 90, no. 3 (2010): 1063–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00009.2009.

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Mammalian circadian rhythms are controlled by endogenous biological oscillators, including a master clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Since the period of this oscillation is of ∼24 h, to keep synchrony with the environment, circadian rhythms need to be entrained daily by means of Zeitgeber (“time giver”) signals, such as the light-dark cycle. Recent advances in the neurophysiology and molecular biology of circadian rhythmicity allow a better understanding of synchronization. In this review we cover several aspects of the mechanisms for photic entrainment of mammal

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McKenna, Joseph P., Raghuram Dhumpa, Nikita Mukhitov, Michael G. Roper, and Richard Bertram. "Glucose Oscillations Can Activate an Endogenous Oscillator in Pancreatic Islets." PLOS Computational Biology 12, no. 10 (2016): e1005143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005143.

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Norman, Sharon E., Robert J. Butera, and Carmen C. Canavier. "Stochastic slowly adapting ionic currents may provide a decorrelation mechanism for neural oscillators by causing wander in the intrinsic period." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 3 (2016): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00193.2016.

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Oscillatory neurons integrate their synaptic inputs in fundamentally different ways than normally quiescent neurons. We show that the oscillation period of invertebrate endogenous pacemaker neurons wanders, producing random fluctuations in the interspike intervals (ISI) on a time scale of seconds to minutes, which decorrelates pairs of neurons in hybrid circuits constructed using the dynamic clamp. The autocorrelation of the ISI sequence remained high for many ISIs, but the autocorrelation of the ΔISI series had on average a single nonzero value, which was negative at a lag of one interval. We

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Harris-Warrick, R. M., and A. H. Cohen. "Serotonin modulates the central pattern generator for locomotion in the isolated lamprey spinal cord." Journal of Experimental Biology 116, no. 1 (1985): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.116.1.27.

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The central pattern generator for locomotion in the spinal cord of the lamprey can be activated in vitro by the addition of D-glutamate to the bathing saline. Serotonin has no effects when bath-applied alone, but it modulates the D-glutamate-activated swimming pattern. Three major effects are observed: a dose-dependent reduction in the frequency of rhythmic ventral root burst discharge; enhancement of the intensity of burst discharge, due in part to the recruitment of previously inactive motoneurones; prolongation of the intersegmental phase lag. Motoneurone activation appears to result from e

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