Dissertations / Theses: 'Endokrinologi'

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Dalgaard, Majken. "Effects of endocrine disrupters on the rat testis : quantitative and qualitative investigations with special focus on the Sertoli cells /." Ministeriet for fødevarer, landbrug og fiskeri, Fødevaredirektoratet, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1800/835.

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Lindholm, Åsa Maria. "Metabolic Aspects in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120235.

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Edén, Engström Britt. "Growth hormone and gender : studies in healthy adults and in patients with growth hormone disorders /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4967-0/.

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4

Bengtsson, Lisa, and Zhiar Mohamed. "Egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2 - En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52910.

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Koro, Catalin. "Mätningar av kortisolkoncentrationen i saliv under två perioder där stressfaktorn upplevs variera. : Analys av kortisolkoncentrationen och intraindividuell stabilitet inom cortisol awakening response (CAR)." Thesis, Halmstad University, Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4694.

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Föreliggande studie syftar till att försöka utläsa skillnader mellan två olika perioder då den personliga stressfaktorn upplevs vara olika intensiv. Undersökningen syftar även till att studera huruvida den mänskliga kortisolutsöndringens diurnala upp - och ned gångar följer en intraindividuell stabilitet av CAR (cortisol awakening responce). Detta skulle innebära ett upprepande mönster av kortisolkoncentrationens magnitud och mätvärde inom varje individ från dag till dag, vid uppvaknandet och 30 minuter efter.

Undersökningen har genomförts som en pilotstudie där en försökspersons kortisolkoncentration i saliv har mätts genom enzymkopplad immunabsorberande analys (ELISA). För att jämföra mätserierna inom de olika perioderna med varandra har även en variationsanalys av typen Analysis of variance (ANOVA) utförts med hjälp av programvaran SPSS. Då provernas mätvärde har analyserats och jämförts med varandra har ett resultat kunnat fastställas.

Eftersom utsöndringen av den individuella kortisolkoncentrationen lätt påverkas av omgivningsfaktorer användes endast en försöksperson, författaren, vilket underlättade en detaljerad analys där observation av påverkande faktorer lätt kunde tas med i beräkningen för att fastställa ett tillförlitligt resultat. Försökspersonen, kvinna 21 år, utförde 6 provtagningar under två perioder som upplevdes ha olika hög stressfaktor. Perioderna innehöll två arbetsdagar. Parallellt med provtagningen fördes noggranna dagboksanteckningar för att underlätta analyseringsarbetet.

Resultatet uppvisar en intraindividuell stabilitet av CAR hos försökspersonen. Studien visar även en skillnad mellan de två perioderna genom en högre procentuell ökning av CAR under den period då stressfaktorn upplevdes som mer intensiv.

Den tydliga skillnaden av kortisolkoncentrationens mätvärde mellan de olika dagarna indikerar även att livsstil, fysisk aktivitet och drömmar kan påverka utseendet av kortisolkoncentrationskurvans diurnala upp – och nedgångar.

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Amalia, Clausson. "Hormonet leptin och dess funktioner." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227079.

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Linell, Amanda. "Kartläggning av SGLT2-hämmares effekt på HbA1c vid uppföljning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-452304.

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Background and Objective: According to national and regional treatment guidelines, metformin is the first choice and SGLT2-inhibitors may be added in case of insufficient effect of metformin or other comorbidities. SGLT2 inhibitors as add-on to metformin lowers HbA1c further 5-9 mmol/mol. The aim of this study was to map the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on HbA1c at follow-up and map how many patients that remains on SGLT2 inhibitors with insufficient effect. Study design: A retrospective study in which patients with diabetes type 2 who received a prescription for SGLT2 inhibitors from Visby Norr or Visborg health care center during the period 2018-06-30 to 2020-06-30 was identified. HbA1c, kidney function and weight were registered in an Excel-file at insertion of the SGLT2 inhibitor and at the first follow-up after insertion. Setting: Visby Norr and Visborg health care centers in Gotland. Main outcomes measures: The change in HbA1c after insertion of SGLT2 inhibitors and the proportion of patients who had insufficient effect (HbA1c reduction < 5 mmol/mol) at follow-up. Results: A total of 102 patients was included in the analyze. Following SGLT2 inhibitors was prescribed empagliflozin (91%) and dapagliflozin (9%). Mean follow up visit was within five months after insertion of the SGLT2 inhibitor. The mean decrease in HbA1c was 10 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval 7-13 mmol/mol). There were 21 individuals (21%) who achieved an HbA1c decrease < 5 mmol/mol (mean decrease in this group was 3 mmol/mol), 61 (60%) achieved an HbA1c decrease > 5 mmol/mol (average decrease in this group was 18 mmol/mol) and 20 subjects (19%) had increased HbA1c. Conclusion: In summary, the study shows that five months after insertion of SGLT2 inhibitor resulted in a decrease in HbA1c by 10 mmol/mol. At follow-up 40% of the population had an insufficient effect on HbA1c after insertion of the SGLT2-inhibitors.

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Abdullahi, Mohamed Mohamed. "GLP-1 REGULATES PROLIFERATION OF GLP-1 SECRETING CELLS THROUGH A FEEDBACK MECHANISM." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9756.

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Abstract

Background and aim:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and progressive illness that affects all type of populations and ages. According to World health organization (WHO) by 2030 it will be 366 million people effected world wild. Many new drugs are Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapy for treatment of type 2diabetes. GLP-1 is released from the intestinal L-cells, and is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GLP-1 and its stable analogs on cell proliferation of GLP-1 secreting GLUTag cells. Material and methods:
GluTag cells were incubated for 48h in DMEM medium containing (0.5% fetal bovine serum and 100 IU/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin and 3mM glucose concentration) in the present or absence of the agents. DNA synthesis was measured using 3H- thymidine incorporation and Ki67 antigen staining. Western blot were performed to investigate the present of GLP-1 receptor in GLUTag cells. Results/conclusions:
These results suggest that GLP-1 regulates proliferation of the GLP-1-secreting cell through a feedback mechanism via its receptor. Since serum GLP-1 levels are decreased in type 2 diabetic patients, the effect of GLP-1 on the GLP-1-secreting cell proliferation suggested here provides a novel beneficial long-term effect of the incretin-based drugs in clinical practice i.e. through increase of the GLP-1-secreting cell mass, augmenting the incretin effect. In addition, the feedback mechanism action of GLP-1 reveals a new insight in regulation manner of the L-cell proliferation.
GLP-1(7-36) increased cell proliferation in GLUTag cells, an effect which was blocked by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39). The GLP-1 receptor was expressed in GluTag cells. Keywords:
Incretin hormone, GLP-1, GLP-1 receptor, Exendin-4, Diabetes

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Dannison, Phawlay, and Mustafa Rezaei. "Personers upplevelser av att leva med typ 2 diabetes." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-31317.

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Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 (DMT2)är en av den vanligaste sjukdomarna och den ökar mer och mer på grund av ohälsosam livsstil. Faktorer som höjer risken för att utveckla DMT2 är livstillfaktorer som till exempel tobak, minskad fysisk aktivitet, stillasittande liv, matvanor och fetma. Sjukdomen behandlas med hälsosam kost, fysisk aktivitet och medicinering. Syftet: Syftet med studie var att beskriva personers upplevelser av att leva med DTM2. Metod: Litteraturstudie med en beskrivande design som bygger på 13 kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: personerna upplever en psykologisk påverkan som visar sig som oro, rädsla, nedstämdhet och oro över framtiden. Personerna upplever också olika sociala begränsningar. Egenvården som främst består av medicinering, kost och fysisk aktivitet upplevs som mycket viktig. Kunskap och stöd av närstående och vårdpersonalen upplevs som viktig. Slutsats: Personer med DMT2 känner sig nedstämda och upplever oro. Genom att få stöd från närstående och vårdpersonal underlättas personernas självhantering av sjukdomen. Personerna upplever att umgänget med andra personer minskas på grund av sociala begränsningar. Olika copingstrategier samt egenvård spela stor roll för personer med diabetes typ 2. Mer kunskap inom området vore önskvärt för att ge ett adekvat bemötande. Nyckelord: diabetes mellitus typ 2, dagligt liv, upplevelser.

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Hofflander, Beatrice. "En litteraturstudie om hur kvinnor med diabetes typ 1 upplevde sin sjukdom under graviditet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64831.

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Bakgrund: Diabetes Mellitus typ 1 är en autoimmun sjukdom som innebär att kroppens eget immunförsvar förstör insulinproduktionen. Graviditet är en stressituation för kroppen, vilket leder till ökad förbränning och därmed ökat energibehov. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa diabetes typ 1 sjuka kvinnors upplevelser av sin sjukdom i samband med graviditet. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie baserad på sju vetenskapliga originalartiklar gjordes. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och de artiklar som inkluderades var av hög och medelhög kvalitet. Därefter gjordes analys av materialet med innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudkategorier; Påverkan av sammanhang och Mötet med vårdpersonal. Slutsats: Det är viktigt att kvinnor med Diabetes Mellitus typ 1 får den kunskap som krävs för att kunna hantera sin graviditet. Kvinnorna upplever dock en kunskapsbrist hos vårdgivarna, både när det rör sig om sjukdomen, men även när det gäller hur graviditeten kan påverka sjukdomen.

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Blixt, Martin. "The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) – a novel animal model for the study of diabetes mellitus." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122715.

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The bank vole (Microtus arvalis) develops glucose intolerance both when kept in captivity and in the wild state. Glucose intolerant bank voles kept in captivity exhibited polydipsia, polyuria, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, islet autoantibodies and a markedly changed islet structure resembling so–called hydropic degeneration. Islets showing hydropic degeneration have reduced β–cell mass. However, the relative islet size to total pancreas area was not changed. Pancreatic islet isolated from glucose intolerant bank voles had an altered islet function showing signs of being exposed to an increased functional demand on their β–cells. Also, islets from male bank voles seem more affected than the islets from females. Islets isolated from glucose tolerant male bank voles cultured for 5 days at 28 mM glucose did not reveal any change in insulin gene expression or insulin biosynthesis rate. However, islets from female bank voles displayed a glucose concentration dependent response. This suggests that there is gender difference in that, islets of female more easily than islets of males adapt to elevated glucose concentration. Furthermore, islets isolated from glucose tolerant males had reduced insulin gene expression after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines for 48 hrs. This effect seemed to be NO-independent since only a minor elevation of nitrite accumulation in the medium was seen, and the use of iNOS inhibitor could not counteract the cytokine effect. The observed response seen in bank vole islets upon exposure to various glucose concentrations or proinflammatory cytokines is similar to those seen in studies of human islets. The bank vole may therefore represent a novel animal model for the study of diabetes. An unresolved issue is the role of the Ljungan virus which is found in the bank vole colony. Bank voles developing glucose intolerance display features of both human type 1 and type 2 diabetes, where environmental factors seems to play an important role as determinant. Our findings suggest that bank voles bred in the laboratory may develop more of a type 2 diabetes. However, bank voles caught in nature instead may rather develop a type 1 form of the disease.

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Simonyté, Kotryna. "Alterations in peripheral glucocorticoid metabolism : effects of weight changes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicin, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43160.

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Background: An important role has been suggested for tissue-specific glucocorticoid metabolism in the development of obesity and its complications. 11ß hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11ßHSD1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of biologically inactive cortisone to active cortisol, thereby regulating its access to glucocorticoid receptors in target tissues. Indeed, an unfavorable metabolic outcome has been associated with increased 11ßHSD1 gene expression and activity in adipose tissue and liver in humans and rodents. Cortisol is an important regulator of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. In rodents, overexpression of PEPCK in adipose tissue leads to adiposity and increased fatty acid re-esterification. In human obesity, PEPCK has been positively associated with body fat, total cholesterol levels, and plasma triglycerides. However, few studies have addressed the putative reversibility of peripheral cortisol levels and disturbed fatty acid homeostasis that may accompany weight loss. The aim of this thesis was to investigate alterations in peripheral glucocorticoid metabolism in the context of obesity, and putative modulations of glucocorticoid metabolism in the context of weight changes in humans and rodents. Materials & Methods: 11ßHSD1 expression/activity in different adipose tissue depots and liver, the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and fatty acid homeostasis, and serum levels of adipose tissue-derived adipokines were investigated in severely obese women before and after surgically induced weight loss. The same parameters were measured in female Sprague-Dawley rats fed on high-fat and control diets. Results: In severely obese women, 11ßHSD1 expression was higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), while 11ßHSD1 activity and PEPCK expression were higher in the omental depot. In a multivariate analysis, SAT 11ßHSD1 activity was an independent predictor for central fat accumulation. Hepatic 11ßHSD1 activity and levels of intra-abdominal fat storage correlated negatively, while 11ßHSD1 correlated positively with PEPCK in adipose tissue and liver. Weight loss after gastric bypass surgery was followed by significant and metabolically beneficial reductions in subcutaneous 11ßHSD1 and leptin gene expression, as well as reduced circulating leptin and increased adiponectin levels. In contrast, PEPCK gene expression did not change with weight loss. In rats, a high-fat diet did not affect body weight, but was associated with increased serum leptin and decreased adiponectin levels. Short-term, high-fat diet feeding resulted in the up-regulation of SAT 11ßHSD1 expression, while chronic feeding led to its significant down-regulation (compared with the control diet and short-term, high-fat feeding). Interestingly, hepatic 11ßHSD1 expression was constantly downregulated in rats that were fed a high-fat diet. Conclusions: Severe obesity in women was accompanied by a metabolically adverse increase of 11ßHSD1 in adipose tissue, with a concomitant decrease in the liver. Subcutaneous 11ßHSD1 was an independent predictor for central fat accumulation. As weight loss was followed by significant down-regulation of subcutaneous 11ßHSD1, we suggest that up-regulation of this enzyme was a consequence, rather than a cause of obesity. In rodents, a high-fat diet induced dynamic changes in 11ßHSD1 in SAT and liver, both being down-regulated after chronic high-fat feeding without altered weight. In summary, weight changes and alterations in fat and liver glucocorticoid metabolism are closely linked. Moreover, a high-fat diet significantly influences 11ßHSD1 expression/activity in adipose tissue and liver without affecting body weight.

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Ekerot, Amanda, and Lisa Gemfeldt. "Diabetes typ 2 och följsamheten till fysisk aktivitet : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för hälsa, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16271.

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Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 är en kronisk sjukdom som obehandlad eller dåligt skött, kan leda till svåra komplikationer. Emellertid är det en av få sjukdomar som till viss mån, går att kontrollera och styra med livsstilsförändringar, däribland fysisk aktivitet. Sjuksköterskans roll är att stötta, informera och ge individen råd, dock ligger mycket på personens egna vilja, drivkraft och motivation till att genomföra en förändring till ökad motion. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa följsamheten till fysisk aktivitet hos personer med diabetes typ 2. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie baserad på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna analyserades med Graneheim och Lundmans tolkning av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom huvudkategorierna brist på motivation och egen drivkraft som motivation med tillhörande underkategorier hotande egenvårdskapacitet, avsaknad av socialt stöd, upplevelsen av att vara begränsad och miljöns betydelse respektive att förstå sin sjukdom, att leva med en rädsla för komplikationer, behov av stöd samt behov av kunskap. Slutsats: Det huvudsakliga fyndet som framkom i litteraturstudien berörde motivationens betydelse för följsamheten till fysisk aktivitet, hos personer med diabetes typ 2.

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Stigberg, Robin, and Julia Wictorsson. "Sjuksköterskans insatser för att öka fysisk aktivitet hos patienter med diabetes typ 2. : En kvantitativ litteraturstudie." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap (VV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-40560.

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Bakgrund: Diabetes är en folksjukdom som drabbar allt fler i världen.Från år 1980 har antalet personer med diabetes ökat från ca 108 miljoner till 422miljoner år 2014. Diabetes typ 1 och diabetes typ 2 är de vanligast förekommandetyperna av diabetes. Diabetes typ 2 är i hög grad ärftlig men det finns fleralivsstilsförändringar människan kan göra för att förebygga eller minska risken förkomplikationer, bland annat ökad fysisk aktivitet. Vid diabetes typ 2rekommenderar Socialstyrelsen 30 minuter medelintensiv fysisk aktivitet per dageller 150 minuter medelintensiv fysisk aktivitet per vecka.Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka det vetenskapliga stödet förolika egenvårdsinsatser som sjuksköterskan kan rekommendera för att öka fysiskaktivitet hos patienter med diabetes typ 2.Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på studier med kvantitativ ansats hargenomförts. Deltagarna i studierna var vuxna patienter med diabetes typ 2.Interventionernas syfte var att öka den fysiska aktiviteten hos deltagarna.Resultatet i litteraturstudien bygger på data från tio olika vetenskapliga artiklarfrån databaserna Cinahl och PubMed.Resultat: Olika former av insatser från sjuksköterskan exempelvis rådgivande,individuell- eller grupputbildning samt med hjälp av olika tekniska hjälpmedelsom komplement visade resultat i form av ökad fysisk aktivitet hos deltagarna.Konklusion: Det finns ett flertal insatser som kan hjälpa patienter med diabetestyp 2 att öka sin fysiska aktivitet och minska risken för diabetesrelateradekomplikationer. I genomförandet av dessa insatser har sjuksköterskan en viktigpedagogisk, motiverande och stödjande roll gentemot patienterna.

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Österberg, John, and Namir Rahim. "En beskrivning av hur personer med diabetes typ 2 upplever att genomgå livsstilsförändringar till följd av sjukdomen." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26478.

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Bakgrund: Diabetes är en av de sjukdomar som är mest växande globalt. I Sverige är det över 400 000 människor som lever med diabetes. Diabetessjukdomen finns i olika former och de vanligaste formerna är diabetes typ 1 och diabetes typ 2. Risken att bli drabbad av den sjukdomen ökar vid fetma, tobaks- och alkoholkonsumtion. Därför kan det bli nödvändigt att genomföra livsstilsförändring för att förbättra den mentala och fysiska hälsan hos personer som lever med diabetes typ 2. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur personer med diabetes typ 2 upplever att genomgå livsstilsförändringar till följd av sjukdomen. Syftet var också att beskriva datainsamlingsmetoderna i de inkluderade artiklarna i resultatet. Metod: En litteraturstudie med en deskriptiv design som baserades på 14 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Huvudresultat: Resultatet för denna litteraturstudie baserades på möjligheter och svårigheter som påverkade upplevelsen av att genomgå livsstilsförändringar hos personer med diabetes typ 2. Utifrån möjligheter har fyra subteman identifierat: Kost och motion som motivationsfaktorer, erhållen kunskap, betydelsen av stöd från omgivningen och att ta personligt ansvar. I huvudteman svårigheter presenterades dessa subteman: Kost- och motions påverkan på det sociala och vardagliga livet, brist på kunskap samt krav och inre kamp. Slutsats: Flera personer fick blandade känslor utifrån upplevda möjligheter och svårigheter som de har stött på under livsstilsförändringen. Det blir viktigt att sjukvårdspersonal får en bättre helhetsförståelse kring patienters olika upplevelser av att genomgå en livsstilsförändring för att kunna optimera en personcentrerad vård, egenvårdsinsatser och tillgodose patienters egenvårdsbehov.

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Johnsson, Charlie, and Katarina Ohlsson. "En match för livet : Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att genomföra livsstilsförändringar vid diabetes typ 2." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19967.

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Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 är en folkhälsosjukdom som har ökat markant i världen. Kroppen har svårt för att reglera och hålla sockerhalten i blodet vid diabetes typ 2. En behandling kan vara livsstilsförändring i form av ökad fysisk aktivitet samt ändrade matvanor. Livsstilsförändringar bidrar till en bättre hälsa och diabeteskomplikationer minskas. Studien fokuserar på livsstilsförändringar relaterat till fysisk aktivitet och kost. Hälsofrämjande omvårdnad kan användas för att stärka patientens möjlighet till att uppnå en god egenvård vid diabetes typ 2. Sjuksköterskan ska få en förståelse hur patienten upplever livsstilsförändringar vid diabetes typ 2. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att genomföra livsstilsförändringar vid diabetes typ 2. Metod:Föreliggande studie genomfördes som en litteraturstudie. Den baserades på 9 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Analysen genomfördes av inspiration från Graneheim och Lundman, en beskrivning av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys på manifest nivå. Resultat: Det framkom i föreliggande studie två kategorier och en underkategori; stöd och utmaningar i sociala relationer, upplevelser av att hitta motivation och en ny mening med livet. De sociala relationerna kunde bidra med både positiv och negativ inverkan vid genomförandet av livsstilsförändringar. Motivationen sågs som den avgörande faktorn vid genomförandet och kunde bidra till en positiv eller negativ effekt. Negativ motivation var ett stort hinder vid genomförandet och den positiva motivationen kunde resultera med en ny mening med livet. Slutsats: I föreliggande studie framkom det att genomförandet av livsstilsförändringar var utmanande och många reagerade olika. Trots svårigheterna att upprätthålla förändringarna upplevde patienterna välbefinnande. Patienten är i behov av en personcentrerad omvårdnad för att kunna hitta motivation för att finna sin egen väg till hälsa.

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Kwet, Avril. "Socker men inte söt: upplevelser av diabetes typ 2 : en kvalitativ litteraturstudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89790.

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Background: Diabetes type 2 is a chronic system disease which has a huge impact on the patient’s life. The disease can lead to many sequalae and involves different types of sufferings for the patient. The treatment consists of both medical and lifestyle changes where self-care has great importance. Previous researches have made evident that life with diabetes type 2 means a great change in lifestyle that affects the patient psychologically, physically, spiritually and socially. In addition, there were many people who had difficulty making these changes. Patients experienced shame because diabetes type 2 is seen as a lifestyle disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patient experiences of living with diabetes type 2. Method: A systematic qualitative literature study was conducted with an inductive approach. A manifest content analysis was conducted on 13 articles. Result: People with type 2 diabetes experienced negative emotions such as fear, depression, anxiety and loneliness. Living with a changed body hindered everyday life and triggered feelings of dissatisfaction and frustration. The participants experienced restrictions in travel, career and social outlooks. Furthermore, patients with type 2 diabetes blamed themselves of getting diabetes. They also felt judged and blamed by others for getting diabetes type 2 because it is seen as a lifestyle disease. The consequence of this was that many participants hid their illness from others. Conclusions: Many factors must work together, for life with type 2 diabetes to workout. It is the nurse’s responsibility support and provide the patient with the information needed to cope with the management of the disease, however, it is the patient’s responsibility to implement it. Furthermore, there is a lot of stigma against type 2 diabetes and more education is needed for patients, health care professionals and relatives/ the public in order to fight it.
Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 är en kronisk systemsjukdom som har en stor påverkan på patientens liv. Sjukdomen kan leda till många följdsjukdomar och innebär olika typer av lidande för patienten. Behandlingen består av både medicin och livsstilsförändringar där egenvården har en stor betydelse. Tidigare forskning visar att livet med diabetes typ 2 innebär en stor förändring som berör personen psykiskt, fysiskt, andligt och socialt. Dessutom finns det många människor som hade svårigheter att göra dessa förändringar. Patienter upplever skamkänslor eftersom diabetes typ 2 ses som en livsstilssjukdom. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 2. Metod: En systematisk kvalitativ litteraturstudie genomfördes med induktiv ansats. En manifest innehållsanalys gjordes på 13 artiklar. Resultat: Människor med diabetes typ 2 upplevde negativa känslor som bland annat rädsla, depression, oro och ensamhet. Att leva med en förändrad kropp hindrade det vardagliga livet och triggade igång känslor av missnöje och frustration. Deltagarna upplevde restriktioner i resor, karriär och sociala utsikter. Vidare, anklagade patienter med diabetes typ 2 sig själva för att ha fått diabetes. De kände sig även dömda och anklagade av andra för att ha fått diabetes genom att ha en dålig livsstil. Konsekvensen av detta blev att många deltagare dolde sin sjukdom för andra. Slutsats: Många faktorer måste samverka för att livet med diabetes typ 2 ska fungera. Det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att stötta och ge patienten informationen som krävs för att klara av hanteringen av sjukdomen dock är det patientens ansvar att genomföra det. Det finns mycket stigmatisering mot diabetes typ 2 patienter och det krävs mer utbildning för patienter, vårdpersonal och närstående/allmänheten för att kunna kämpa emot det.

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Andersson, Therése. "Estrogen and Glucocorticoid Metabolism." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-33165.

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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women in Sweden. The risk of CVD increases rapidly after the menopause. A major contributing factor may be the redistribution of adipose tissue, from the peripheral to central depots, associated with menopause. This change in body composition is commonly attributed to declining estrogen levels but may also be affected by tissue-specific alterations in exposure to other steroid hormones, notably glucocorticoids – mainly cortisol in humans. Indeed, adipose tissue-specific overexpression of the glucocorticoid-activating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) induces central obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension in mice. Interestingly, estrogen may regulate this enzyme. The aim of this thesis was to investigate putative links between estrogen and glucocorticoid activation by 11βHSD1. Materials and Methods: 11βHSD1 expression and/or activity in adipose tissue and liver, and adipose estrogen receptor α and β (ERα and ERβ) gene expression, were investigated in lean pre- and postmenopausal women and ovariectomized rodents with and without estrogen supplementation. In lean women measures of 11βHSD1 were correlated to risk markers for CVD. The association between adipose 11βHSD1 and ER mRNA expression was investigated in both lean women and rats and in an additional cohort of obese premenopausal women. In vitro experiments with adipocyte cell lines were used to explore possible pathways for estrogen regulation of 11βHSD1. Results: Subcutaneous adipose tissue transcript levels and hepatic activity of 11βHSD1 were higher in postmenopausal vs. premenopausal women. In rodents, estrogen treatment to ovariectomized rats decreased visceral adipose tissue 11βHSD1, resulting in a shift towards higher subcutaneous (vs. visceral) 11βHSD1 mRNA expression/activity. Increased adipose and hepatic 11βHSD1 were associated with increased blood pressure and a disadvantageous blood lipid profile in humans. We found significant positive associations between 11βHSD1 and ERβ transcript levels in adipose tissue. The in vitro experiments showed upregulation of 11βHSD1 mRNA expression and activity with estrogen or ERβ-agonist treatment at low (corresponding to physiological) concentrations. Conclusions: Our studies show for the first time increased local tissue glucocorticoid activation with menopause/age in women. This may contribute to an increased risk of CVD. Estrogen treatment in rodents induces a shift in 11βHSD1 activity towards the subcutaneous adipose tissue depots, which may direct fat accumulation to this metabolically “safer” depot. The in vitro studies suggest that low-dose estrogen treatment upregulates 11βHSD1 via ERβ. In summary, estrogen - glucocorticoid metabolism interactions may be key in the development of menopause-related metabolic dysfunction and in part mediate the beneficial effects of postmenopausal estrogen treatment on body fat distribution.

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Al-Ghamdi, Yasser. "The Effects of Probiotics on High Sugar-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17817.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the rise of fasting plasma glucose from its normal range (≥125mg/dl). It is marked by insufficient production of insulin from pancreatic β-cells as a result of failed compensation due to insulin resistance. Several treatments are available for the disorder, which mainly focus on improving the sensitivity of insulin in different body tissues. Recently, probiotics were suggested as candidate treatments for type 2 diabetes and for extending lifespan as well. This experiment aims to investigate such claims using Drosophila melanogaster as a disease model. Results: Other than the observed low average weights in treated larva samples, probiotics did not show any other significant results in affecting the length, glucose, glycogen, and trehalose levels (One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis, p>0.05). Real-time PCR was only carried out once. Thus, no statistical tests were reliable enough to analyse the data obtained. The longevity study, on the other hand, did show significance (Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test and Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test, p<0.0001), as the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis extended the lifespan of adult flies feeding on a high sugar diet significantly when compared to the control ones feeding on only high sugar diet without probiotics. Conclusion: Except for weight measurements, none of the other results was reliable enough to make a concrete conclusion on whether the treatments indeed worked in reversing type 2 diabetes symptoms or not. Real-time PCR results did show some effects of some of the treatments at different developmental stages. However, unless Real-time PCR is repeated at least once using the same protocol, no deduction can be made. Additionally, the data obtained hint that the dosage used (0.025 g) was too high for larvae and adult flies and might have caused malnutrition by blocking their midgut and decreasing food absorption. Hence, false significant or non-significant results were acquired instead. Further studies are required using a much lower probiotic dosage if Drosophila is used as a disease model. Although, other models such as mice or rats are recommended in this case, in order to reach a solid conclusion about the effectiveness of probiotics in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Baring these thoughts in mind and based on the results of this experiment, the null hypothesis indicating that there is no significant relationship between the use of probiotics and reversing type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms is therefore accepted.

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Vareman, Klara. "Radiojodbehandling vid Graves sjukdom: långvarig effekt och påverkan på livskvalitet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101761.

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Bakgrund: Graves sjukdom är den vanligaste formen av hypertyreos med en incidens på 20 fall per 100 000 individer och år. Graves sjukdom är ett autoimmunt tillstånd där autoantikroppar riktade mot tyreoideastimulerande hormonreceptorer (TSH-R) orsakar okontrollerad syntes och sekretion av tyreoideahormonerna trijodtyronin (T3) och tyroxin (T4). Hur tillståndet uppkommer är inte fullständigt förstått, riskfaktorer inkluderar dock rökning, kvinnligt kön och emotionell stress. Det finns i dagsläget tre etablerade behandlingsmetoder vid Graves sjukdom, dessa är tyreostatikabehandling, radiojodbehandling och tyreoidektomi. Behandling med tyreostatika pågår i regel i 12-18 månader, efter avslutad behandling är risken för recidiv mellan 50-60%. Både tyreoidektomi och radiojodbehandling är definitiva behandlingsmetoder som för majoriteten innebär övergång i hypotyreos med livslångt behov av levotyroxin-(LT4)behandling. Syfte: Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka långvarig effekt av radiojodbehandling vid Graves sjukdom och hur radiojodbehandling påverkar livskvalitet. Metod: Arbetet utfördes som en litteraturstudie, en sökning efter kliniska studier gjordes i PubMed med sökorden ”Graves disease” AND ”iodine radioisotopes”. Totalt åtta artiklar som i praktiken baserades på fem studier inkluderades i litteraturstudien. Resultat: Studie 1A, 1B och 1C var uppföljningsstudier av en tidigare utförd randomiserad klinisk studie. I studie 1A sågs det att samtliga individer som behandlats för Graves sjukdom hade sämre livskvalitet än den generella befolkningen 14-21 år efter behandling, ingen skillnad kunde ses beroende på behandlingsmetod. Studie 1B visade att skillnaderna i livskvalitet som funnits i studie 1A inte berodde på tyreoideahormonstatus. Resultaten i studie 1C visade att autoimmun aktivitet i form av tyreoideastimulerande hormonreceptorantikropp(TRAk)-nivåer var förhöjda bland individer som behandlats med radiojod i samtliga fem år som uppföljningen skedde, bland tyreostatika- och kirurgibehandlade individer var TRAk-nivåer normaliserade ett år efter behandling. Studie 2 visade att tidig insättning av LT4 efter radiojodbehandling kunde förebygga försämring i livskvalitet de sex första månaderna efter radiojodbehandling. I studie 3 sågs det att större andel individer utvecklade oftalmopati efter radiojodbehandling jämfört med tyreostatika, vidare sågs sämre livskvalitet bland individer som utvecklat oftalmopati jämfört med individer utan oftalmopati. Studie 4 eftersökte optimumdosering av radiojod för att uppnå eutyreos bland individer med Graves sjukdom, det fanns att 1,85 MBq/g resulterade i eutyreos hos 72% 12 år efter behandling. I studie 5A sågs det att majoriteten av radiojodbehandlade individer övergick i hypotyreos samt att andelen som upplevde återställning 6-10 år efter diagnostisering var mindre bland de som efter behandling av Graves sjukdom var i behov av LT4-behandling. Studie 5B visade att radiojodbehandlade individer hade sämre livskvalitet jämfört med individer som behandlats med tyreostatika eller kirurgi 6-10 år efter behandling av Graves sjukdom. Vidare hade hela studiepopulationen, oavsett behandlingsmetod, sämre livskvalitet jämfört med den generella populationen. Slutsats: På grund av skillnader i upplägg och utfallsvariabler i de inkluderade studierna kan inga generella slutsatser dras utifrån samtliga studieresultat. Sammantaget sågs dock att individer som behandlats för Graves sjukdom har sämre livskvalitet jämfört med den generella befolkningen många år efter behandling. Det förefaller finnas ökad risk för sämre livskvalitet efter radiojodbehandling av Graves sjukdom jämfört med tyreostatika och tyreoidektomi, det krävs dock fler studier för att säkerställa dessa resultat samt undersöka hur och varför radiojodbehandling påverkar livskvalitet.
Graves´ disease is an autoimmune disease resulting in uncontrolled auto antibody-mediated secretion of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Graves´ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and has an annual incidence of 20 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. The pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood, but risk factors include smoking, female gender and emotional stress. Since thyroid hormones act in almost every cell in the body, an imbalance in thyroid hormone levels can lead to severe consequences and affected quality of life. Symptoms of Graves´ disease include weight loss, tremor, tachycardia, heat intolerance, increased sweating, anxiety, fatigue and loss of libido. There are three established treatment approaches for Graves´ disease including antithyroid drugs, radioiodine treatment and surgical thyroidectomy. The treatment goal for Graves´ disease is to stop the hyperthyroid state and reduce the risk of complications from the condition. Antithyroid drugs is the treatment modality most frequently used in newly diagnosed Graves´ disease and the duration of treatment is normally 12-18 months. The risk of recurrence after antithyroid drugs is 50-60%. Both radioiodine treatment and surgery are considered definitive treatments for Graves´ disease, the majority of treated individuals become hypothyroid with a life-long need for levothyroxine (LT4) treatment. The three available treatment options have both advantages and disadvantages that should be discussed with the patient in each individual case. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of radioiodine treatment for Graves´ disease and how radioiodine treatment affects the quality of life. This is a literature study based on eight articles that, in practice, were based on five different clinical trials. The included studies were collected from the database PubMed. Since the included studies were different in both study design and outcome, no general conclusion can be drawn from all of the included studies. Two of the studies examined long-term effects on the quality of life of radioiodine treatment for Graves´ disease. Both studies found that persons diagnosed with Graves´ disease have a lower quality of life many years after treatment compared to the general population. The quality of life in individuals treated for Graves´ disease seems to be lower than the general population regardless of thyroid hormone state and mode of treatment. There seems to be an increased risk for lower quality of life among individuals treated with radioiodine compared to antithyroid drugs and surgery. Early administration of LT4 after radioiodine treatment could prevent worsening of quality of life according to the short form health survey (SF-36), whilst the long-term need for LT4 treatment after treatment of Graves´ disease is associated with a lower chance of feeling fully recovered 6-10 years after diagnosis. There is a need for future studies to determine the effects of radioiodine treatment, especially regarding the long-term quality of life. There is also a need to determine the pathogenesis of Graves´ disease and to find new treatment options for the disease since the established treatment methods result in chronic illness or risk of recurrence.

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Schmiegelow, Marianne. "Endocrinological late effects following radiotherapy and chemotherapy of childhood brain tumours. /." København : Lægeforeningens Forlag, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014566238&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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22

Oscarsson, Sara. "Bör ingefära användas som komplement till läkemedelsbehandling vid diabetes typ 2?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-62668.

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Ginger belongs to the family of Zingiberaceae and has been utilized by mankind since ancient times to cure the common cold, headaches, nausea and stomach ache. Scientific studies have shown that ginger possess anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidative, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and diuretic characteristics. Newly conducted studies have indicated that ginger also has antidiabetic effects. Ginger contains several substances and two of these are the enolic compounds gingerol and shogaol which may contribute to gingers antidiabetic effect. Diabetes type 2 is a condition where the pancreas can´t produce a sufficient amount of insulin, mainly due to insulin resistance. Increased blood glucose levels can eventually damage both large and small blood vessels which increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis. When the small blood vessels are damaged it can affect the blood supply to the eyes, kidneys and various parts of the nervous system. This could lead to reduced vision, kidney failure and decreased blood circulation. Firsthand treatment for type 2 diabetes is lifestyle changes which include dietary changes, increased exercise/activity and weight loss. When this isn’t enough oral medication, that stimulate the pancreas insulin production and increases the tissues sensitivity to insulin, is given. The purpose of this report is to answer the question: Can ginger be used as a complement to pharmaceutical treatment of diabetes type 2? This is a literature study where Pubmed and Google Scholar were used to search for scientific studies about gingers effect on patients with diabetes type 2. The result showed that ginger has a hypoglycemic effect in patients with type 2 diabetes. This effect seems to be dependent on dosage. Ginger seems to affect insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity in a positive way. The result also shows that ginger affect blood lipids, this result varied in the different studies, but conclusively it showed that it could decrease triglycerides and low density lipoprotein. It can occur a mild chronic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ginger is known to be anti-inflammatory which can be considered an antidiabetic effect. The result in this study shows that some inflammatory markers decrease in patients with diabetes type 2. Despite different results all the studies in this report show that ginger has several antidiabetic effects. Ginger seems to have a positive effect on blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, blood lipids and inflammation. So to answer the question: Can ginger be used as a complement to pharmaceutical treatment of diabetes type 2? Yes, ginger seems to contribute to a antidiabetic effect and would be an good addition to the regular treatment of a patient with diabetes type 2.

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Barazeghi, Elham. "Studies of epigenetic deregulation in parathyroid tumors and small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Endokrinkirurgi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-330810.

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Deregulation of the epigenome is associated with the initiation and progression of various types of human cancers. Here we investigated the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), expression and function of TET1 and TET2, and DNA methylation in parathyroid tumors and small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs). In Paper I, an undetectable/very low level of 5hmC in parathyroid carcinomas (PCs) compared to parathyroid adenomas with positive staining, suggested that 5hmC may represent a novel biomarker for parathyroid malignancy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that increased tumor weight in adenomas was associated with a more aberrant staining pattern of 5hmC and TET1. A growth regulatory role of TET1 was demonstrated in parathyroid tumor cells. Paper II revealed that the expression of TET2 was also deregulated in PCs, and promoter hypermethylation was detected in PCs when compared to normal parathyroid tissues. 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment of a primary PC cell culture induced TET2 expression and further supported involvement of promoter hypermethylation in TET2 gene repression. TET2 knockout demonstrated a role for TET2 in cell growth and migration, and as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. In Paper III, variable levels of 5hmC, and aberrant expression of TET1 and TET2 were observed in SI-NETs. We demonstrated a growth regulatory role for TET1, and cytoplasmic expression with absent nuclear localization for TET2 in SI-NETs. In vitro experiments supported the involvement of exportin-1 in TET2 mislocalization, and suggested that KPT-330/selinexor, an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of exportin-1 and nuclear export, with anti-cancer effects, could be further investigated as a therapeutic option in patients with SI-NETs. In Paper IV, DNA methylation was compared between SI-NET primary tumors and metastases by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Three differentially methylated regions (DMR) on chromosome 18 were detected and chosen for further analyses. The PTPRM gene, at 18p11, displayed low expression in SI-NETs with high levels of methylation in the presumed CpG island shores, and in the DMR rather than the promoter region or exon 1/intron 1 boundary. PTPRM overexpression resulted in inhibition of cell growth, proliferation, and induction of apoptosis in SI-NET cells, suggesting a role for PTPRM as an epigenetically deregulated candidate tumor suppressor gene in SI-NETs.

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Jondell, Karl Johannes. "Radio Diabetes : En studie av kollektiv sonifiering." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för komposition, dirigering och musikteori, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-3987.

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A web installation that uses blood glucose levels uploaded by diabetics to create music. Available at https://radiodiabetes.eu
En webbinstallation som låter diabetiker ladda upp sina blodsockervärden och skapar musik av dessa. Tillgänglig på https://radiodiabetes.eu

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Hult, Amanda, Hanna Malmlöf, and Sonia Magnusson. "Erfarenheter av egenvård hos unga vuxna med diabetes mellitus typ 1 : En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51647.

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Bakgrund: I Sverige är det cirka 50 000 personer som lever med diabetes mellitus typ 1. Det är en kronisk komplex sjukdom som kräver livslång behandling. Sampel med vården krävs under hela sjukdomsförloppet där en god vårdrelation blir betydande. Självkännedom och god självkänsla underlättar för egenvården eftersom det handlar om att kunna se de egna styrkorna för en god hanteringsförmåga av sjukdomen. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva erfarenheter av egenvård hos unga vuxna med diabetes mellitus typ 1. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats har gjorts. Resultatet baseras på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Två huvudteman framkom i resultatet och ett av de var utmaningar med fyra underteman: rädsla och oro, begränsningar, övergång till vuxen livet och hur vardagen kan påverka egenvården. Andra huvudtemat var socialt stöd med tre underteman: stöd från familj och vänner, vårdpersonalens betydelse och okunskap från omgivningen påverkar egenvården. Slutsatser: Stöd från familj och vänner var av stor betydelse när det gällde hur de unga vuxna med diabetes mellitus typ 1 skötte egenvården. Vårdpersonal hade ett stort ansvar i att stötta och vägleda personer till egenvård. Utomståendes okunskap kunde leda till försämrad egenvård för personerna.
Background: In Sweden there are about 50 000 people living with diabetes mellitus type 1. It is a chronic complex disease and demands a lifelong treatment. Teamwork with the healthcare is required throughout the course of the disease and a good relationship with the health care providers becomes significant. Self-awareness and good self-esteem facilitate self-care when it comes to being able to see one’s own strengths for a good management ability of the disease. Aim: The aim was to describe experiences of self-care among young adults with diabetes mellitus type 1. Method: A qualitative literature research that has an inductive design has been done. The results are based on twelve different scientific articles. Results: Two main themes have emerged in results and one of them was challenge with four sub themes: fear and anxiety, limitations, transitions to adult life and how daily life can affect self-care. The other main theme was social support with three sub themes: support from family and friends, the importance of healthcare professionals and lack of knowledge by others that affects self-care. Conclusion: Social support from family and friends was important when it comes to how young adults with diabetes mellitus type 1 managed self-care. Healthcare professionals have a big responsibility in supporting and guiding people to self-care. Lack of knowledge from others could lead to mismanagement of self-care.

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Kretschmer, Janina [Verfasser]. "Endokrinologie der peripartalen Energiestoffwechseladaptation der Milchkuh / Janina Kretschmer." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191752682/34.

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Gustafsson, Julia, and Maria Vallberg. "Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av egenvård hos diabetes typ-2 patienter." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35697.

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Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ-2 är en av de vanligaste folksjukdomar världen över, i Sverige uppskattas det till att ca 300 000 människor lider av sjukdomen. En stor del av behandlingen för människor med diabetes typ-2 är att ändra sina matvanor, fysisk aktivitet och att medicinera sig själva, detta kallas för egenvård. En stor del av sjuksköterskors arbete med diabetes typ-2 patienter är att motivera och ge stöd till patienterna så att de efterlever de livsstilsråd som ges i den mån det går. Hur patienterna upplever sin egenvård ser olika ut, några menade att eftersom sjukdomen är genetisk är det inget som kunde styras medan andra menade att egenvården och sjukdomen kunde vara svår att hantera och att stödet från sjukvården är viktigt. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av egenvård hosdiabetes mellitus typ-2 patienter Metod: En litteraturstudie med beskrivande design som totalt innefattar 10 artiklar av kvalitativ ansats från databasen Pubmed. Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna ofta upplevde sina patienter som omotiverade i deras egenvård och att de hade svårt att efterfölja de livsstilsråd som gavs, detta var ett vanligt förekommande tema. Sjuksköterskorna använde sig av olika metoder till att förbättra egenvården och motivationen hos deras patienter. Det framkom även i resultatet att sjuksköterskorna upplevde stress och minskad arbetsglädje relaterat till att de inte kunde ge den bra diabetesvård de ville då de kände att de inte fick något gehör från patientens sida. Slutsats: Föreliggande litteraturstudie visade att sjuksköterskor kunde behöva stöd och verktyg till att ge rätt egenvårdsstöd till deras patienter. Detta kunde därmed leda till att sjuksköterskor kan känna sig mer nöjda med det arbete de åstadkommit och därmed även främja arbetsglädjen.
Background: Diabetes mellitus type-2 is one of the most common public diseases worldwide, in Sweden it is estimated that about 300,000 people suffer from the disease. A large part of the treatment for people with type 2 diabetes is to change their eating habits, physical activity and to medicate themselves, this is called self-care. A large part of nurses' work with type 2 diabetes patients is to motivate and provide support to the patients so that they comply with the lifestyle advice given as far as possible. How patients experience their self-care looks different, some believe that because the disease is genetic it is not something that could be controlled while others thought that self-care and the disease could be difficult to manage and that support from health care is important. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the nurse's experiences of self-care in diabetes mellitus type-2 patients Method: A literature study with descriptive design that includes a total of 10 articles of qualitative approach from the database Pubmed. Results: The results showed that nurses often perceived their patients as unjustified in their self-care and that they had difficulty following the lifestyle advice given, this was a common theme. Nurses used various methods to improve the self-care and motivation of their patients. It also emerged from the results that the nurses experienced stress and reduced job satisfaction, related to the fact that they could not provide the good diabetes care they wanted as they felt that they did not get any hearing from the patient. Conclusion: The present literature study shows that nurses may need support and tools to provide the right self-care support to their patients. This can thus lead to the nurses feeling more satisfied with the work they have accomplished and thus also promote job satisfaction.

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Löwendahl, Alma, Emelie Karlsson, and Therese Svensson. "Att leva med diabetes mellitus typ 2 : En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52580.

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Titel: Att leva med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 (DMT2) är ett globalt problem och fler personer insjuknar årligen. Egenvård är en central del av behandlingen för dessa personer. Att förstå livsstilsförändringar, behandlingar och egenvården hos dessa personer bidrar till ökad kunskap inom hälso- och sjukvården. Syfte: Att beskriva personers erfarenheter av att leva med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med artiklar av kvalitativ design baserad på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Cinahl och MedLine. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i två huvudteman egenvård och information vid diabetes mellitus typ 2 och påverkan av diabetes mellitus typ 2 i livet med respektive underkategorier. Det fanns erfarenhet av bristande och otillräcklig information av hälso- och sjukvården. Erfarenheter fanns av att närstående gav bra information och under gruppbaserad utbildning reflekterades erfarenheter av att leva med DMT2. Resultatet visade att egenvården innefattade en del svårigheter som ändrade kostvanor, fysisk aktivitet, kulturella aspekter och förändrad livsstil. Slutsats: DMT2 är en global och livslång sjukdom där livsstilsförändringar bör genomföras. Erfarenheter av att det var svårt att genomföra livsstilsförändringar där kostvanor visade sig vara det svårast att anpassa sin DMT2 till. Vidare forskning kring erfarenheter hos personer med DMT2 bidrar till ökad kunskap för sjuksköterskan men även allmänheten. Vidare forskning av personer med DMT2 och hur kultur påverkar egenvården kan ge ökad kunskap till sjuksköterskan och allmänheten. Nyckelord: Diabetes mellitus typ 2, diabetes typ 2, livsstil, patienters erfarenheter, egenvård.
Title: Living with diabetes mellitus type 2. Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is a global problem and more people are getting sick every year. Self-care is a central part of the treatment for these people. Understanding the lifestyle changes, treatments and self-care of these people contributes to increased knowledge in health care. Aim: Describing people's experiences of living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: A qualitative literature review. Based on 12 scientific articles collected from Cinahl and MedLine. Results: The results are presented in two main themes of self-care and information in diabetes mellitus type 2 and the impact of diabetes mellitus type 2 in life with the respective subcategories. There was experience of inadequate and insufficient information from the health service. There was experience that close relatives provided good information and during group-based training, experiences of living with DMT2 were reflected. The results showed that self-care included some difficulties such as changing dietary habits, physical activity, cultural aspects and changing lifestyles. Conclusion: DMT2 is a global and lifelong disease where lifestyle changes should be implemented. Experiences that it was difficult to implement lifestyle changes where dietary habits proved to be the most difficult to adapt your DMT2 to. Further research on the experiences of people with DMT2 contributes to increased knowledge for the nurse but also the public. Further research of people with DMT2 and how culture affects self-care can provide increased knowledge to the nurse and the public. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetes type 2, lifestyle, patient experience, self care.

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Maharjan, Rajani. "New Insights in Adrenal Tumourigenesis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kirurgiska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326149.

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Unilateral cortisol producing adenoma (CPA) is the most common cause of ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome and is surgically curable. On the other hand, adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are rare and aggressive tumours. Although the overall survival of the patients with ACC is very poor, the outcome can be heterogeneous and vary significantly between the patients. This thesis comprises studies showing genetic and genomic events occurring in CPAs and ACCs, their functional impact and clinical correlations. The Wnt/β-catenin and cAMP/PKA signalling pathways are crucial in adrenal homeostasis and frequent mutations in members of these pathways (CTNNB1, GNAS, and PRKACA) are found in CPAs. Mutational analysis revealed that ~60% of the CPAs harboured mutations in either of these genes. Transcriptome signature exhibited increased expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis in PRKACA/GNAS mutated (Cluster1) tumours in comparison to CTNNB1 mutated /wildtype (Cluster2) tumours. In addition we have also observed that gain of chromosome arm 9q was the most frequent arm level copy number variation (CNV) occurring in CPAs and were exclusively present in Cluster2 tumours. We also discovered novel PRKACA mutations occurring in ACCs, causing activation of cAMP/signalling pathway. Comprehensive analysis of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in ACCs revealed novel interstitial deletions occurring in CTNNB1 leading to deletion of the N-terminus of β-catenin. This is a novel and yet another frequent event leading to activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling and downstream targets in ACCs. Both, mutations occurring in CTNNB1 and nuclear expression of its protein were associated with poor overall survival. Through multiregional sampling approach we discovered intra-tumour heterogeneity in ACC tumours. Although all the multiregions within a tumour showed presence of shared basal CNVs, they encompassed private CNVs, different ploidy levels and private mutations in known driver genes. We found intra-tumour heterogeneity in CTNNB1, PRKACA, TERT promoter and TP53 mutations as well as ZNRF3 and CDKN2A/2B homozygous deletions.

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Bjarnegård, Niclas. "Aspects on wall properties of the brachial artery in man : with special reference to SLE and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11273.

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The mechanical properties of the arterial wall are of great importance for blood pressure regulation and cardiac load. With increasing age, large arteries are affected by increased wall stiffness. Furthermore, atherosclerotic manifestations may increase the stiffness even further, both processes acting as independent cardiovascular risk factors affecting the arterial system in a heterogeneous way. The aims of this thesis was to characterize the local mechanical properties of brachial artery (BA) with the aid of ultrasound technique and to evaluate the influence of 1) age, gender, sympathetic stimulation and examination site; 2) type 1 diabetes (DM) and its association to circulatory biomarkers; and 3) to evaluate the general properties of the arterial system with the aid of pulse wave velocity (PWV) as well as pulse wave analysis (PWA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and correlate the findings to disease activity and circulatory biomarkers. In the most proximal arterial segment of the upper arm a pronounced age-related decrease in wall distensibility, increase in intima-media thickness (IMT), and a slight increase in diameter were seen. Sympathetic stimulation had no influence on wall mechanics. More distally in BA, no change in diameter, and only minor increase in IMT and decrease in distensibility were seen. No gender differences were found. These findings suggest that the principle transit zone between elastic and muscular artery behaviour is located in the proximal part of the upper arm. Women with uncomplicated insulin-dependent DM had similar diameter, IMT and distensibility in their distal BA as controls, whereas flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was slightly, and nitrate mediated dilatation (NMD) markedly reduced. NMD was negatively correlated with higher HbA1c levels. Vascular smooth muscle cell function seems to be an early manifestation of vascular disease in women with DM, influenced by long-term hyperglycaemia. Women with SLE had increased aortic PWV compared to controls, a finding positively associated with increased levels of complement factor 3 (C3), but not with disease activity. The increased stiffness of central arteries may be one factor contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk seen in SLE.

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E:son, Jennersjö Pär. "Risk factors in type 2 diabetes with emphasis on blood pressure, physical activity and serum vitamin D." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för samhällsmedicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125911.

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Background Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease with a two-fold increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has an increasing prevalence worldwide. This thesis is based on a study conducted in primary health care in Östergötland and Jönköping, Sweden. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate new risk markers to identify patients with high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men and women with type 2 diabetes. Methods Data from the cohort study CArdiovascular Risk in type 2 DIabetes – a Prospective study in Primary care (CARDIPP) was used. In paper III data were also used from CARDIPP-Revisited where all participants in the CARDIPP study were invited four years after the baseline investigation for a re-investigation. In paper IV data were used from CAREFUL which is a control group of 185 subjects without diabetes. The investigation included a standard medical history including data on diabetes duration and on-going medication. Anthropometric data were recorded and both office and ambulatory blood pressure were measured. The patients filled out a detailed questionnaire and physical activity was measured by using waist-mounted pedometers. Pedometer-determined physical activity was classified in four groups: Group 1: <5000 steps/day (‘sedentary’); Group 2: 5000-7499 steps/day (‘low active’); Group 3: 7500-9999 steps/day (‘somewhat active’); Group 4: and ≥10 000 steps/day (‘active’). Blood samples were drawn for routine analyses and also frozen for later analyses. The investigations at the departments of physiology included echocardiography, measurements of the carotid intima-media thickness, applanation tonometry and measurements of sagittal abdominal diameter. Results Paper 1: Patients with a non-dipping systolic blood pressure pattern showed higher left ventricular mass index and pulse wave velocity (PWV) compared with patients with ≥10% decline in nocturnal systolic blood pressure. Patients with <10% decline in nocturnal systolic blood pressure had higher BMI and sagittal abdominal diameter, lower GFR and higher albumin:creatinine ratio and also higher levels of NT-proBNP than patients with a dipping pattern of the nocturnal blood pressure. Paper 2: The number of steps/day were inversely significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter, levels of CRP, levels of interleukin-6 and PWV. Paper 3: At the 4-year follow-up the change in PWV (ΔPWV) from baseline was calculated. The group with the lowest steps/day had a significantly higher increase in ΔPWV compared with the group with the highest steps/day. The associations between baseline steps/day and ΔPWV remained after further adjustment in a multivariate linear regression statistically significant (p=0.005). 23% of the variation in the study could be explained by our model. Every 1000 extra steps at baseline reduced the change in ΔPWV by 0.103 m/s between baseline and follow-up. Paper 4: Low vitamin D levels were associated with significantly increased risk for premature mortality in men with type 2 diabetes. High levels of parathyroid hormone were associated with significantly increased risk for premature mortality in women with type 2 diabetes. These relationships were still statistically significant also when two other well-established risk markers for mortality, PWV and carotid intima-media thickness, were added to the analyses. Conclusions Ambulatory blood pressure recording can by addressing the issue of diurnal blood pressure variation, explore early cardiovascular organ damage and microvascular complications that goes beyond effects of standardised office blood pressure measurements. Pedometer-determined physical activity may serve as a surrogate marker for inflammation and subclinical organ damage in patients with type 2 diabetes. There is novel support for the durable vascular protective role of a high level of daily physical activity, which is independent of BMI and systolic blood pressure. The use of pedometers is feasible in clinical practice and provides objective information not only about physical activity but also the future risk for subclinical organ damage in middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes. Our results indicate that low vitamin D levels in men or high parathyroid hormone levels in women give independent prognostic information of an increased risk for total mortality.

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Vollstedt, Michael [Verfasser]. "Diabetesmanagement in einer Ulmer Schwerpunktpraxis für Endokrinologie im Jahr 2010 / Michael Vollstedt." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051674298/34.

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Dahler, Dominik Philemon. "Endokrinologische Korrelate der akuten Belastungssymptomatik nach Unfalltrauma." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.

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Fessehaye, Selam. "Evaluation of the feasibility of intralymphatic injection of Diamyd®." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389630.

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Type 1 diabetes affects a person’s life on many levels in terms of quality of life, health, and socioeconomic costs both for the patients but also their families. As of now there is no therapy that targets the underlying mechanism of the disease. Intralymphatic administration of Diamyd® is being evaluated in a phase IIb clinical trial, DIAGNODE-2. The aim was to examine if the intralymphatic administration is feasible for both patients and medical professionals, and to identify any aspects of the procedure that can be improved. This feasibility study is based on interviews and answers received from questionnaires. The medical professionals that were selected were radiologists and study nurses that are involved in the DIAGNODE-2 trial. The radiologists were the prime focus and were thus interviewed through face-to-face/skype or phone and answered a questionnaire. Study nurses, having more contact with the patient, answered a survey in order to gain additional insights into the patient perspective. The results show that the radiologists has a positive view towards the administration procedure, which was described as easy and safe. According to the study nurses the patients accept the procedure and they agreed that the patients understand the injection procedure once they received the information. In terms of the emotional state of the patients they were a bit nervous, but they became calmer after receiving the first injection. Based on the above-mentioned findings the intralymphatic injection procedure is described as feasible and has the potential to become a part of the standard clinical routine.

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Pilkauskienė, Ramutė. "Pediatrų endokrinologų, slaugytojų ir tėvų požiūris į šeimos problemas, vaikui susirgus cukriniu diabetu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050614_123532-83061.

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Summary The diabetes is а chronic non-infectious disease that touches people from the birth to the old age. Children and young people mostly suffer from diabetes type 1. Тhe morbidity in this disease is increasing not only in Lithuania but also in the whole world. In 1980, 30 million people in the world suffered from the diabetes, while in 2000 there were already 100 million such people. As the number of children suffering from the diabetes is increasing, it is very important to understand what influence to their psycho-social development is caused bу this disease, how the relationship between the child and his or her family changes, and how the relationship between the diabetics, their family and the environment develops. When а child falls ill with the diabetes, the family faces many questions, and the life splits into two parts: before the disease and after its diagnosing. А child who suffers from diabetes of type 1 has to make insulin injections during аll his or her life, to check the quantity of glucose in the blood, to observe nutrition recommendations. The family whose child falls ill with an incurable disease experiences the process of loss. The duration of its stages and its succession depends of the psychosocial state of the family. The treatment of children's diabetes is also complicated due to psychological peculiarities of the age of children. Children of different ages can perform different tasks and to undertake different duties. Eventually, а child will bе... [to full text]

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Bartneck, Anja [Verfasser]. "Drei Jahrzehnte Diabetesverlaufsdokumentation an einem Zentrum für pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie / Anja Bartneck." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1181190460/34.

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Koernig, Sofia. ""Det är honom kvinnorna ber om barn" : Carl Gemzells hormonbehandling och förväntningar på svensk fertilitetsforskning 1958–1974." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323329.

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This study examines the production and the introduction of a fertility treatment which gained great attention both in Sweden and internationally during the 1960s. In the procedure, hormones were extracted from human pituitary glands which had been collected from autopsies. After this, the hormones were purified and injected into the female patients as a treatment for certain kinds of sterility. Carl Gemzell, professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Uppsala University, was a key figure in the development of the treatment. He was described by the media as a medical pioneer and later became one of Sweden’s most famous doctors and scientists. The fertility treatment also gained a lot of attention in the media as ”the miracle drug that made barren women pregnant”, especially since it often resulted in multiple pregnancies. In the 1960s, pregnancies with quadruplets, quintuplets, sextuplets and even septuplets became world sensations. By using the sociology of expectations as theoretical approach, which focuses on the performativity of expectations and visions in science production, this study aims to investigate how expectations of an effective fertility method were articulated in both the scientific sphere and in the media. This of course also relates to how the risks of the multiple pregnancies were dealt with. The analysis is divided into three chapters, where the first chapter examines the politics of science in Sweden during the post-war period and how Gemzell’s work in Uppsala generated expectations of a scientific milieu on the front line of fertility research. The next chapter is focused on the media’s interest in Gemzell and how he became a celebrity. A central argument for the study is that his public status helped to create scientific credibility for the treatment, especially among the public. The final chapter focuses on the media reporting about the multiple pregnancies. They were often treated as sensations, which was somewhat paradoxical as they were hazardous and frequently resulted in the death of the premature children.

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Evanson, Thea. "Preventiv behandling mot Diabetes Mellitus typ I : En jämförande litteraturstudie mellan Coxsackievirus-B-vaccin och behandling med GAD-alum." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103118.

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Bakgrund: Diabetes Mellitus typ I är ett globalt hälsoproblem som skördar många liv varje år och påverkar livskvaliteten för de drabbade. Diabetes typ I är en autoimmun sjukdom som leder till destruktion av insulinproducerande betaceller i pankreas och således rubbad glukosreglering. Huvudsakliga patogena immunceller inkluderar autoantikroppar, exempelvis riktade mot glutaminsyra dekarboxylase 65, och autoreaktiva T-celler. Diagnos sker generellt baserat på förhöjda halter plasmaglukos och eventuellt stimulering av C-peptid för att utreda status för den endogena betacellsfunktionen. Diabeteskomplikationer är en vanlig dödsorsak hos diabetespatienter. År 2019 orsakades 4,2 miljoner dödsfall av diabetes eller diabeteskomplikationer. I dagsläget är administrering av exogent insulin enda behandlingsmöjligheten för typ I diabetespatienter. Det har dock länge forskats på alternativ i form av preventiv behandling men i dagsläget finns inga preventiva behandlingar på marknaden. Syfte: Litteraturstudiens syfte var att undersöka prospektiva möjligheter till diabetespreventiv behandling inom områdena glutaminsyra dekarboxylase 65 vaccin och coxsackievirus B vaccin med avseende på effekt samt jämföra dessa två prospektiva behandlingsmöjligheter. Metod: Arbetet har utförts genom granskning av artiklar från databasen PubMed. För litteraturgranskning av studier om GAD-behandling valdes tre kliniska studier utifrån sökning med ”type 1 diabetes”, ”diabetes mellitus”, ”type 1”, ”GAD” och ”vaccine” som sökord. För artiklar om CVB och CVB-vaccin användes ”type 1 diabetes”, ”vaccine” och ”coxsackievirus” som sökord. Resultat: Kliniska studier på GAD-behandling visar ingen signifikant skillnad mellan GAD-alum och placebo i helgruppsanalyser. Vid vissa stratifierade analyser för exempelvis kön, ålder, eller antal riskfaktorer detekteras signifikanta skillnader genom ökad mängd stimulerad C-peptid eller progression till klinisk diabetes. Den prospektiva kohortstudien över diabetesincidens påvisar att CVB är en riskfaktor för diabetes hos människa. Vidare visar de prekliniska studierna på signifikant minskad diabetesincidens i CVB-vaccinerade studiepopulationer jämfört med placebo. Slutsats: Varken behandling med GAD-alum eller CVB-vaccin är möjligt att använda som preventiv behandling i nuläget. Dock visar studierna på lovande framtidsmöjligheter för CVB-vaccin som primärprevention och GAD-alum som sekundär- eller tertiärprevention.
Background: Diabetes Mellitus type I is a global health issue, causing numerous deaths each year and also influencing the quality of life of those affected. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the individuals own immune system causes destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the endocrine islets of pancreas. Main immunological features include, autoantibodies directed towards glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, and autoreactive T-cells. Diagnosis is generally based on elevated levels of plasma glucose and stimulated C-peptide, together disclosing the status of the beta cell function. The lack of endogen insulin causes disturbances in the glucose metabolism which leads to prevailing tissue damage in cells and organs of the diabetic individual’s body. Furthermore, insufficient control of plasma glucose is related to development of diabetes complications. Diabetic complications are known to be a major cause of death in diabetic patients. Diabetes and diabetic complications caused 4,2 million deaths in 2019. Insufficient adherence to treatment regimen during a long period of time is known to increase the risk for some common diabetes complications. Administration of exogenous insulin is the only current treatment available for type I diabetes, albeit recurrent attempts to find a cure or successful preventive treatment for diabetes mellitus type I. Recent promising research on diabetes preventive treatment includes the autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and vaccine against coxsackievirus B. Aim: The purpose of this literature study was to examine prospective possibilities for diabetes preventive treatments. Further, the purpose was to compare the promising preventive treatments of GAD65-vaccine and CVB-vaccine concerning effect and prospective treatment regimens. Methods: The thesis is a literature study based on articles found by searching the database PubMed. Clinical studies examining the effect of GAD-treatment was found by using key words such as ”type 1 diabetes”, ”diabetes mellitus”, ”type 1”, ”GAD” and ”vaccine”. Studies examining the effect of CVB and CVB-vaccines was primarily preclinical and prospective cohort studies, found by searching for the key words ”type 1 diabetes”, ”vaccine” and ”coxsackievirus”. Results: Clinical studies of GAD-treatment does not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between treatment with GAD-alum compared to placebo in full group analysis. Stratified groups occasionally prove significant differences in quantity of stimulated C-peptide or progression to clinical diabetes by age, gender or amount of risk factors for example. The prospective cohort study examining the incidence of diabetes, demonstrates that CVB is a risk factor for type I diabetes in humans. Furthermore, the preclinical studies detect a significant decrease in diabetes incidence in CVB-vaccinated mice compared with placebo. Conclusion: Neither treatment with GAD-alum nor CVB-vaccine is currently ready for use. However, the studies show a promising prospective possibility for CVB-vaccine as a primary prevention and GAD-alum as a secondary or tertiary prevention of type I diabetes.

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Grossniklaus-Bürgin, Christa Verena. "Biologie und Endokrinologie des Parasitoid/Wirt-Systems Chelonus sp. (Braconidae. Hymenoptera)/Trichoplusia ni (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) /." Bern, 1990. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Krajisnik, Tijana. "Fibroblast growth factor-23 and Klotho in bone/mineral and parathyroid disorders." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medicin, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-107456.

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Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a novel, bone-produced hormone that regulates renal phosphate (Pi) reabsorption and calcitriol metabolism. Disorders of mineral and bone metabolism, such as autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) and hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome (HHS), witness the importance of well-balanced serum levels of FGF23. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly morbid due to Pi retention/hyperphosphatemia and calcitriol deficiency, which lead to elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). As a response to hyperphosphatemia, CKD patients have also remarkably high serum FGF23 levels, which are associated with cardiovascular risk factors and increased mortality in CKD. The overall aim of this dissertation was to discern a possible role of FGF23 in parathyroid biology. Our in vitro experiments on isolated bovine parathyroid cells demonstrate that FGF23 directly and dose-dependently suppresses the PTH production and secretion, while increasing the expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-activating enzyme 1α-hydroxylase. We investigated possible expressional changes in the FGF23 receptor co-factor Klotho in hyperparathyroid disorders and found that Klotho expression is decreased or absent and inversely correlated to serum calcium (Ca) in adenomas of primary HPT (pHPT). In the hyperplastic parathyroid glands of sHPT, Klotho expression declines in parallel with the kidney function and correlates with the glomerular filtration rate. Moreover, Klotho expression is suppressed by Ca and FGF23, increased by calcitriol, but unaffected by Pi and PTH in vitro. Finally, we identified a novel missense mutation in the gene encoding GALNT3, which is normally involved in the post-translational glycosylation of FGF23, as the cause of aberrant FGF23 processing in a patient with HHS. In summary, we provide evidence for a novel bone/parathyroid axis in which FGF23 functions as a direct, negative regulator of the PTH production. High extracellular Ca is a major determinant of the Klotho expression in pHPT, whereas the Klotho levels in sHPT may be attributed to a combination of the high FGF23 and Ca, and low calcitriol levels associated with CKD. Hence, the decreased Klotho expression in sHPT could explain the concomitantly high FGF23 and PTH levels, as well as the failure of FGF23 to prevent or mitigate the development of sHPT in CKD.

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Löfgren, Magnus. "Behavioral effects of female sex steroid hormones : models of PMS and PMDD in Wistar rats." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22557.

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Background Animal models can be used to mimic human conditions of psychopathology, and also as pre-clinical models to evaluate candidate drugs. With hormonal treatment it is possible to produce behavior in the rat which corresponds to the mental symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS), and pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMS affects 25-30 % of all women in fertile age and 3-8% are diagnosed with the more severe condition PMDD. The cardinal mental symptoms are; irritability, mood-swings, depression, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, difficulties with concentration and memory and learning difficulties. The symptoms of PMS/PMDD occur in the luteal phase in conjunction with increasing concentrations of progesterone (P4) and P4-metabolites. In anovulatory cycles the symptoms are absent. The hormones which produce the monthly reoccurring negative symptoms on mood are foremost the neuroactive metabolites; allopregnanolone (ALLO) and tetrahydro-deoxycorticosterone (THDOC). ALLO is produced by the corpus luteum, but can also be synthesized in the brain, both ALLO and THDOC can also be released from the adrenal cortex during stress. These steroids are active on the inhibitory GABA neurotransmitter system through the GABAA receptor, and the effects are similar to that of alcohol and benzodiazepines. These steroids have strong sedative and hypnotic effects. A paradox is that some individuals seem to react with negative mood on sex steroids while all fertile women have the cyclical steroid changes during the menstrual cycle. Some individuals are more sensitive to neuroactive steroids with influences of personality, heritability and stress factors. Aims The thesis aims were to develop pre-clinical animal models of PMS/PMDD and to investigate induction of ALLO tolerance, individual sensitivity to neurosteroids and the interactions between chronic social stress and neurosteroids. Methods In these studies male and female Wistar rats were used to test steroid hormone effects on learning and memory and behaviors analogous to negative mood symptoms. This was accomplished through hormonal treatment and a subsequent withdrawal period from P4 (P4) + estradiol (E2) (PEWD), or ALLO. To assess tolerance, memory and learning in the Morris water maze (MWM) was studied. Anxiety-like behaviors were tested with the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), and the intruder test (IT). The EPM or OFT was used to classify the rats as high or low responders on risk-taking and explorative behavior (HR/LR). For social ranking order assessment the tube test (TT) and food competition test (FCT) were used. Chronic social stress was accomplished through co-habituation with two older rats (chronic subordination stress). In female rats the estrous cycle followed using staining of vaginal smears. Concentration of corticosterone (CORT) was measured by radio-immuno-assay (RIA). Results In the MWM ALLO pre-treatment produced tolerance to the acute negative ALLO effects. Both male and female rats showed behavioral correlations between the EPM and OFT tests, and correlations were also seen in CORT levels. Individuals with the stable trait of high risk-taking and explorative behavior (HR) were more sensitive to PEWD induction of anxiety-like behavior. These animals also showed decreased CORT levels during withdrawal. Chronic subordination stress enhanced the response to PEWD on measures of locomotor activity and social anxiety-like behavior. Conclusions It is possible to induce tolerance to the negative ALLO effects on learning and memory. The animal models of anxiety-like behavior show an individual PEWD response profile where HR rats are more sensitive. Exposure to chronic social stress enhanced the PEWD response. Hence there are both inherent and environmental factors behind the behavioral response to steroid hormones in rats.
Stress- och könshormoners verkningar på centrala nervsystemet

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Ghadzi, Siti Maisharah Sheikh. "Pharmacometrics Modelling in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : Implications on Study Design and Diabetes Disease Progression." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317040.

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Pharmacometric modelling is widely used in many aspects related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), for instance in the anti-diabetes drug development, and in quantifying the disease progression of T2DM. The aim of this thesis were to improve the design of early phase anti-diabetes drug development studies with the focus on the power to identify mechanism of drug action (MoA), and to characterize and quantify the progression from prediabetes to overt diabetes, both the natural progression and the progression with diet and exercise interventions, using pharmacometrics modelling. The appropriateness of a study design depends on the MoAs of the anti-hyperglycaemic drug. Depending on if the focus is power to identify drug effect or accuracy and precision of drug effect, the best design will be different. Using insulin measurements on top of glucose has increase the power to identify a correct drug effect, distinguish a correct MoA from the incorrect, and to identify a secondary MoA in most cases. The accuracy and precision of drug parameter estimates, however, was not affected by insulin. A natural diabetes disease progression model was successfully added in a previously developed model to describe parameter changes of glucose and insulin regulation among impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects, with the quantification of the lifestyle intervention. In this model, the assessment of multiple short-term provocations was combined to predict the long-term disease progression, and offers apart from the assessment of the onset of T2DM also the framework for how to perform similar analysis. Another previously published model was further developed to characterize the weight change in driving the changes in glucose homeostasis in subjects with IGT. This model includes the complex relationship between dropout from study and weight and glucose changes. This thesis has provided a first written guidance in designing a study for pharmacometrics analysis when characterizing drug effects, for early phase anti-diabetes drug development. The characterisation of the progression from prediabetes to overt diabetes using pharmacometrics modelling was successfully performed. Both the natural progression and the progression with diet and exercise interventions were quantified in this thesis.

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Nicklagård, Erik. "Diabetes typ 3? : Molekylärfysiologiska länkar och samband från den samlade litteraturen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biokemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-65624.

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Alzheimers sjukdom (AD) är den vanligaste formen av demens och kännetecknas av intracellulärt neurofibrillärt trassel (NFT) bestående av proteinet tau och extracellulära plack, uppbyggda av peptiden amyloid beta (Aβ). En växande skara studier har börjat peka mot att AD är en hjärnspecifik typ av diabetes. Insulinresistens följt av hyperinsulinemi och hyperglykemi är kännetecken för diabetes mellitus typ 2 (DMT2) och har visat sig vara en riskfaktor för AD. Insulin, ett hormon som kontrollerar glukoshomeostasen i perifera nervsystemet (PNS) och är viktigt för minne och inlärning, transporteras över blod-hjärnbarriären i en mättnadsbar transportmekanism och dess koncentration i centrala nervsystemet (CNS) minskar vid DMT2 och AD. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), ett neuronskyddande protein som minskar ogynnsam β-sekretasklyvning av amyloid precursor protein (APP) i amyloidkaskadhypotesen, minskar i koncentration i hjärnan när mycket insulin transporteras in i CNS. γ-sekretas ökar sin aktivitet på APP vid höga halter kolesterol som är vanligt vid DMT2, Aβ fungerar då som en negativ inhibitor till HMG-Coa reduktas (HMGR), enzymet som bildar kolesterol och kan därmed reglera kolesterolhalterna. Regleringssystem för Aβ i blod-hjärnbarriären (BBB) som p-GP, LRP-1 och RAGE rubbas vid DMT2. Aβ och insulin delar samma degraderingssystem, insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), som reglerar halterna Aβ och insulin. Dessutom har Aβ oligomerer visat sig kunna bryta ned insulinreceptorer (IR). Vidare har läkemedel mot diabetes visat sig lindra demens hos AD patienter. I den här rapporten gås de molekylärfysiologiska sambanden igenom i detalj. Slutligen finns det fog för ett samband mellan metabolt syndrom, en riskfaktor för DMT2, och AD.

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Stöckmann, Neele [Verfasser], and Heike [Akademischer Betreuer] Bantel. "Neuer diagnostischer Algorithmus zur Beurteilung der Krankheitsaktivität bei NAFLD / Neele Stöckmann ; Akademischer Betreuer: Heike Bantel ; Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222052156/34.

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Peters, Mirjam [Verfasser], Hans-Heinrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Wedemeyer, and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwinzer. "Alloantigenspezifische regulatorische T-Zellen in allogener Transplantation / Mirjam Peters ; Akademische Betreuer: Hans-Heinrich Wedemeyer, Reinhard Schwinzer ; Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1154969088/34.

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Fischer, Mareike [Verfasser], and Arndt [Akademischer Betreuer] Vogel. "Risikoeinschätzung von biliären Tumoren : Entwicklung und Validierung eines prognostischen Modells / Mareike Fischer ; Akademischer Betreuer: Arndt Vogel, ; Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222038307/34.

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Youssef, Ghada [Verfasser], and Thomas von [Akademischer Betreuer] Hahn. "Inhibitory effect of polyanionic compounds on filoviral cell entry / Ghada Youssef ; Akademischer Betreuer: Thomas von Hahn ; Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201825113/34.

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Peters, Mirjam [Verfasser], Heiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Wedemeyer, and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwinzer. "Alloantigenspezifische regulatorische T-Zellen in allogener Transplantation / Mirjam Peters ; Akademische Betreuer: Hans-Heinrich Wedemeyer, Reinhard Schwinzer ; Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:354-20171115181.

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Andarmani, Navid [Verfasser]. "Evaluation der Sektion Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin des Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein : eine Umfrage ehemaliger Patientinnen der Frauenklinik der CAU Kiel [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Navid Andarmani." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047578824/34.

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Goez, Anneliese [Verfasser], and Florian [Akademischer Betreuer] Kühnel. "Generierung eines onkolytischen Adenovirus mit optimierter p53-abhängiger Selbstinaktivierungsfunktion / Anneliese Goez. Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover. Betreuer: Florian Kühnel." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033125121/34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Endokrinologi'

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