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Journal articles on the topic 'Endometrial polip'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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AYAR MADENLİ, Asena, İnci ÖZ, and Tuğba GÜRBÜZ. "Polikistik over sendromlu hastalarda anti müllerian hormon düzeyi ile endometrial polip sıklığı arasındaki ilişki." Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 3, no. 3 (2022): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1148111.

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Amaç: Bu çalışmada polikistik over sendromlu (PKOS) kadınlarda serum anti mullerian hormon (AMH) düzeyleri ile endometrial polip sıklığı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma grubuna endometrial polipli hastalar (n=55) dahil edildi. Kontrol grubu endometrial polip olmayan kadınlardan (n=49) seçildi. Olgu ve kontrol grupları arasındaki ilişki, AMH düzeylerini ve endometriyal polipleri kontrol etmek için ki-kare testi kullanılarak araştırıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) sırasıyla 28,20±3,08 ve 25,45±2,25 idi. AMH seviyeleri ile endometrial polip arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı (p değeri 0,05). Sonuç: Bu araştırma, PKOS hastalarında yüksek AMH seviyeleri ile endometrial polip sıklığının arttığını göstermiştir.

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Söğütçü, Nilgün, and Nazlı Sena Şeker. "Uterin lipoma, leiyomyoma ve endometrial polip birlikteliği." Cukurova Medical Journal 44, no. 3 (2019): 1139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17826/cumj.500359.

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ÖZGAN ÇELİKEL, Özgül. "Endometrial Polip ile Meme Hastalıkları Arasındaki İlişki." Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi, Abant Tip Dergisi 9, no. 2 (2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47493/abantmedj.2020.5.

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Yusuf, Anang, Thomas Valentinus Widiyatno, and Abdul Samik. "POLIP ENDOMETRIUM PADA SAPI BUNTING TUA." Ovozoa Journal of Animal Reproduction 10, no. 1 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ovz.v10i1.2021.25-31.

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The current report describes acute death in 8.5 months pregnant cow, which no signs of illness before. Postmortem examination showed the presence of gastric bloat. Necropsy revealed no change in the viscera, but yellow and cloudy nodules were found on the endometrial wall, amniotic fluid mixed with blood, blood clots in the inner cervical canal, pneumonia in the lungs. Meanwhile, the anatomical condition of the fetus was normal. It could be concluded that the cow's sudden death was due to late pregnancy, causing high tension that triggers rupturing of the polyp blood vessels. The deep vein thrombosis due to late pregnancy causes pulmonary emboli and subsequent pneumonia.

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Korkmaz, Nazlı, and Necdet Öncü. "The Comparison of Transvaginal Ultrasonography and Histopathology Results in the Evaluation of the Endometrium in Patients with Postmenopausal Bleeding." Chronicles of Precision Medical Researchers 3, no. 3 (2022): 125–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195840.

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Introduction: Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) accounts for 5% of gynecological hospital admissions. The most important step in endometrial pathologies is to exclude malignancy. We aim to evaluate transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUSG) findings and endometrial biopsy results in patients with PMB, to compare them in terms of correlation. Material and Method: Patients who admitted to hospital with PMB between January 2016 and January 2021 were retrospectively included. Demographic datas, age at menarche, duration of menopause and duration of PMB were recorded. Histopathology results of endometrial biopsy and TVUSG findings were compared. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of endometrial thickness (ET) measured by TVUSG in terms of histopathological positivity and adenocarcinoma were investigated. Continuous and categorical variables analyzed. The t-test, Mann- Whitney U test and Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact probability were used. Results: Overall 200 women included; the median age was 53.5 years (min 40-max 60) and 12.5% were nulliparous. In TVUSG, ET was ≤5 mm in 34.0% (n=68) of the patients, 6-10 mm in 32.5% (n=65), 11-15 mm in 21.5% (n=43) and 12.0%. in (n=24) was >15 mm. The parity number was found to be statistically significantly lower in patients with ET 0-5 mm (respectively, 2 vs. 4) (p=0.027). Endometrial polyps were detected on TVUSG in 27.5%. The adenocarcinoma and endometrial atrophy rates were 5.5% and %6.0, respectively. The frequency of adenocarcinoma was statistically significantly higher in patients with ET >15 mm on TVUSG (p=0.031). The mean ET of the patients with adenocarcinoma was 13.8 (SD±8.9) mm. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of ET >5 mm in TVUSG for histopathological endometrial pathology and adenocarcinoma were 76.1%-92.9%, 31.2%-34.9%, 68.8%-90.9% and 40.8%-93.3, respectively. Conclusion: TVUSG is a non-invasive, easy-to-use method with rapid results for PMB. Although it is guiding and has high sensitivity, it is not a definitive diagnosis method. If in doubt, endometrial biopsy should be performed.  

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Magyar, Zoltán, Zsolt Csapó, and Zoltán Papp. "The effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on endometrial bleeding." Orvosi Hetilap 148, no. 31 (2007): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2007.28000.

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Cékitűzés: A vizsgálat célja meghatározni a postmenopausalis hormonterápia (kizárólagos ösztrogén-, szekvenciális és folyamatosan kombinált ösztrogén-progesztogén kezelés) hatását az endometrialis vérzésre és a méhnyálkahártya szövettani átalakulására. Beteganyag: Szerzők klinikájának Menopauza Ambulanciáján ötéves időszakban (2000–2005) 5893 beteget gondoztak, és vizsgálták a postmenopausalis méhvérzések előfordulását a hormonterápiában részesültek és nem részesültek csoportjában. Vérzés esetén mindig frakcionált abrasiót végeztek, és a mintákat szövettanilag feldolgozták. Eredmények: A postmenopausában lévő betegek hormonkezelésben nem részesítettek csoportjában több mint kétszer több vérzés fordult elő, mint a hormonkezelésben részesültek között. Anyagukban a proliferatiós és a hyperplasiás endometrium-leletek elsősorban a nem kezelt páciensek közül kerültek ki, ami amellett szól, hogy a megfelelő időben, akár már a menopausa előtt megkezdett hormonkezelés csökkentheti a hyperplasia és ezáltal közvetve az adenocarcinoma kialakulásának az esélyét. A kizárólag ösztrogént alkalmazó betegekben gyakoribb volt a hyperplasia. Elképzelhetőnek tartják, hogy az ellensúlyozatlan ösztrogénkezelés a már meglévő endometrium-hyperplasiát tovább súlyosbíthatja. A hormonkezeltek csoportjában atípiával járó komplex hyperplasia nem, csak simplex hyperplasia fordult elő. A folyamatosan kombinált készítmények alkalmazása mellett az esetek döntő részében a méhnyálkahártya atrófizálódott, így lényegesen csökkent a hyperplasiával járó eltérések s a mellékhatásként jelentkező vérzés esélye. A hormonkezeltek között gyakoribb volt az endometrium-polip, és nem tudják megmagyarázni, de a cervicalis polypusok aránya is. Következtetés: A szerzők tapasztalata szerint a hormonkezelés nem rizikótényezője az endometrium-karcinómának, hanem a kombinált készítmények a hyperplasia és ezen keresztül az adenocarcinoma eredeti esélyét csökkentik.

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Albin, Iskandar, and Melina Handayani. "Perdarahan Uterus Abnormal." GALENICAL : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Mahasiswa Malikussaleh 2, no. 6 (2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jkkmm.v2i6.10676.

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Perdarahan uterus abnormal (PUA) merupakan kelainan di bidang ginekologi yang paling sering dialami oleh perempuan usia produktif yang ditandai dengan adanya perubahan pada siklus menstruasi baik dari interval atau panjang siklus, durasi maupun jumlah perdarahan. Dampak perdarahan uterus abnormal pada usia produktif diseluruh dunia cukup banyak dengan prevalensi sekitar 3-30%. Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) mengklasifikasikan PUA menurut etiologinya menjadi struktural dan nonstruktural menggunakan PALM-COEIN: Polip, Adenomiosis, Leiomioma, Malignansi Dan Hiperplasia, Coagulopathy, Disfungsi Ovarium, Endometrial, Iatrogenik, dan Not Yet Classified. Klasifikasi PALM-COEIN dapat ditegakkan apabila terdapat riwayat pasien yang lengkap dikombinasikan dengan tes pencitraan yang tepat, analisis histopatologis ataupun pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk memastikan pendekatan diagnostik dan pengobatan yang akurat. Pada dasarnya tujuan penatalaksanaan PUA adalah memperbaiki keadaan umum, menghentikan perdarahan, dan mengembalikan fungsi hormon reproduksi. Menghentikan perdarahan dapat dilakukan dengan medikamentosa, dilatasi dan kuretase, maupun tindakan operatif.

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Strakhovetska, Yuliya V. "Clinicalanamnestic aspects of patients with endometrial polips in postmenopause." Perinatology and reproductology: from research to practice 5, no. 1-2 (2025): 41–46. https://doi.org/10.52705/2788-6190-2025-01.2-06.

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The objective: to learn clinical-and-anamnestic aspects for patients with endometrial polips in postmenopause. Materials and methods. Research objects were become by 120 patients in postmenopause. From them 90 patients are with endometrial, including without malifnancy made I recurrent polips – basic group and II – control group 30 women without endometrial polips, but which are in a position of research of endometrium in postmenopause (serozometer, intrauterine synechias on a background age-old atrophy, artifacts at ultrasonic research which it appears during the conduct of hysteroscopy). In the process of work the modern methods of research are used: clinical (general and gynaecological examination), laboratory (biochemical analysis, cytological research, morphological, immunohistochemical research of scraping of the of mucous membrane of the uterine body, research of backterioscopy, polymerase chain reaction and microbiological research of mucous membrabe of cervical canal and cavity of uterus.Results. At the analysis of structure of diseases of organs of the reproductive system for the patients of basic group found out for certain higher frequency of inflammatory diseases, operative interferences, especially intrauterine manipulations as compared to the group of control. It is discovered that more frequent all there were inflammatory diseases of genital organs in anamnesis: vulvitis, salpingo-oophoritis, endometritis, which in two times more frequent was observed in the group of inspected with endometrial polips, what in the group of control and were 54 (60,0%) and 8 (26,7%) (p<0,01), respectively. It was rotined that risk of appearance of endometrial polips for women with inflammatory disease of genital organs for certain higher (RR=2,25; OR=4,13; 95% CI 1,21–4,17), here a sensitiveness was 87%, and specificity – 38%. The conducted research rotined that approximately in 10% inspected women, both with the polips of endometrium and healthy, in postmenopause took place bacterial vaginosis, which appeared absence of expressed leukocytosis (leucocytes to 20 in sight), by the presence of the extensive mixed flora by the exposure of «key» cells in the vaginal painting. However unlike the group of control in 30 patients with endometrial polips the expressed inflammatory process of vagina took place also. Conclusions. Complex analysis of clinical-and-anamnestic information found out the row of features which are a favourable background for development of endometrial polips in postmenopause. For patients with endometrial polips, by comparison to a control group, more frequent there were somatopathies, inflammatory diseases of genital organs, violation of the reproductive system, endometrial manipulations were conducted. Violation of microbiocenosis and local immunity of sexual ways results in development of chronic endometritis, that at presence of unfavorable factors on a background atrophy of endometrium in postmenopause serves as reason of decline of blood stream with development of hypoxia forming of polips of endometrium.

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Devic, Ana, Mladenko Vasiljevic, and Aleksandar Devic. "Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia (EIN) In An Endometrial Polyp." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 16, no. 4 (2015): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2015-0042.

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AbstractEndometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) is a monoclonal neoplastic cell proliferation of the endometrium associated with a significantly increased risk of endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. We herein present the case of a 58-year-old female patient who underwent a hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy because of the existence of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia in an endometrial polyp. The patient had irregular uterine bleeding, which lasted 10 days. An endometrial polyp was diagnosed by ultrasound examination. The polyp was located in the isthmus of the uterus, on the back wall, and measured 32 mm × 25 mm. The patient underwent fractional dilation and curettage, and the specimens were subjected to a histopathological examination. The histopathological findings were EIN, endometrioid type, a focus of which was found within the endometrial polyps, as well as the endometrial polyp and proliferative endometrium. The endocervical tissue was normal. Given the age of the patient and the histopathological findings, she underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The final histopathological findings were EIN, endometrioid type with a focus found within the endometrial polyp; endometrial polyp; simple hyperplasia; chronic inflammation of the uterine cervix; hyperkeratosis of the cervical squamous epithelium; and cervicitis chronica. There was also hydrosalpinx of the left fallopian tube, and cystic follicles in the left ovary. There was no significant morphological change in the right ovary or fallopian tube. The surgical and postoperative course were normal. The patient was sent home on the fifth postoperative day in good general condition. A check-up performed one month after surgery showed normal findings.

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Devalla, Anusha, Aparna Jarathi, Immanuel Pradeep, Annapurna Srirambhatla, and Subhrajyoti Roy. "Silent Intruders: A Case Report of Concurrent Atypical Endometrial Polyp with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia." Journal of Mid-life Health 16, no. 1 (2025): 110–12. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.jmh_188_24.

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ABSTRACT Postmenopausal bleeding is an alarming symptom that needs careful consideration. Endometrial polyps co-existing in the background of endometrial hyperplasia/endometrial cancer is well-established. However, it has been very sparsely reported in the background of atrophic endometrium. The authors report a unique case of concurrent atypical endometrial polyp with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the background of an atrophic endometrium. A 53-year-old multiparous, postmenopausal lady of Asian ethnicity presented with recurrent episodes of bleeding per vaginum. She did not give any history of exogenous estrogen intake, diabetes, hypertension, or any other surgical risk factors for endometrial malignancy. Her body mass index was 23.9 kg/m2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed a large cervical fibroid, endometrial thickness 8 mm (mixed with blood clots), and focal adenomyosis. Outpatient endometrial sampling was unsatisfactory. She underwent a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. An incidental hidden diagnosis of concurrent atypical endometrial polyp with CIN underlying the cervical leiomyoma was made. This is the first of its kind to be reported so far. It is not known whether such an association could be due to cervical leiomyoma or de novo.

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W. L, Huang. "How Can We Treat Endometrial Polyp Without Using Curettage?" Women Health Care and Issues 4, no. 7 (2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/099.

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Introduction: Endometrial polyps are considered begin tumours that protrude inside the uterine cavity. It affects women in reproductive or in menopausal age. It can regress spontaneously or if symptomatic, it can be treated efficiently by hysteroscopy excision. Purpose: to demonstrate that endometrium polyps can be treated without using curettage but only using homeopathic medication without needing to do any invasive procedure. Methods: through two case report (47 and 57 years-old women respectively, with endometrium polyps diagnosed by routine ultrasound). Both patients were programed to do hysteroscopy. They were doing acupuncture (for treatment of low back pain and pain in the shoulder respectively) using needles and mustard seeds. I decided to prescribe for both patients a homeopathy medication called Medorrhinum to treat their miasma. In both cases, they intake the medication first with 30CHXX-20 ml. After one month, the patients need to have the second round of this medication, now with 200CHXX-20 ml. After one month from the first medication, it was possible to intake the third medication, now in 1000CHXX-20 ml. Results: the endometrial polyps disappeared completely after the intake of these medications in both patients without needing to use hysteroscopy exam. Conclusion: the use of homeopathy medication called Medorrinun was very important to recover from the endometrium polyp without the necessity in using hysteroscopy exam and do the curettage.

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Mishra, Shilpa, and Rakesh Patkar. "Extensive morular metaplasia in an endometrial polyp – A rare occurrence - creating a diagnostic dilemma." IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research 8, no. 2 (2023): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.achr.2023.029.

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Morular metaplasia is an unusual type of metaplastic change, often observed in numerous endometrial lesions. It has been considered a variant of squamous metaplasia and has a mulberry-like appearance. Morular metaplasia lacks the characteristic histopathological features of conventional squamous differentiation and hence their relationship with each other has not been clearly defined. These lesions are usually seen along with pre-malignant and malignant glandular lesions of endometrium. Their presence in normal endometrium or benign endometrial polyps is rare, however it can cause a diagnostic dilemma. We present a case of a 39-year-old female who underwent hysteroscopic removal of an endometrial polyp. On gross examination it was a well-defined tan white lesion. Microscopy showed cystically dilated glands along with foci of extensive morular metaplasia. There was no evidence of any atypia/ dysplasia or malignancy in the material studied. It is important to report morular metaplasia in benign localised endometrial lesions due its usual association with endometrial hyperplasia/ atypical hyperplasia or endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. The patient requires regular follow up with clinico-radiological correlation in view of risk of presence of other coexisting lesions in these cases.

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Kapaganti, Vamsi K., Mohammed Shahin, Anurag Mishra, et al. "Angioleiomyoma of the uterus presenting as an endometrial polyp: An uncommon occurrence of two cases with a literature review." Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 67, no. 4 (2023): 877–80. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_108_23.

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ABSTRACT Angioleiomyoma is a benign neoplasm that arises from vascular smooth muscle cells. Angioleiomyoma of the endometrium is very uncommon. The differential diagnoses of this entity are myopericytoma, angiomyofibroblastoma, endometrial stromal tumor, and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor. 31-year-old and 45-year-old patients presented with heavy menstrual bleeding, lower abdomen pain, and dysmenorrhea. Perspeculum and radiological investigations showed an endometrial polyp. They underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy, polypectomy, and endometrial biopsy. Polypectomy specimens of both cases revealed polypoidal lesions lined by the endometrium. The core of the polyp was arranged in long intersecting bundles of spindle cells and interconnecting anastomotic patterns with many intervening thick-walled blood vessels. These spindle cells have oval and cigar-shaped nuclei, fine chromatin, and a moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm, resembling smooth muscle cells. These smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall were merging with the adjacent walls of the blood vessel. There was no nuclear atypia or necrosis. The mitotic rate was 0–1/10 HPF. Focal areas of hyalinization and adipocytic components were noted in one case. The endometrial glands did not show intraepithelial or invasive neoplasia. On immunohistochemistry (IHC), these spindle cells were diffuse and strongly immunopositive for SMA and Desmin. CD34 highlighted the endothelial lining of the prominent thick-walled blood vessels. By correlating with histomorphology and IHC positivity, a diagnosis of angioleiomyomatous polyp of endometrium was rendered. We report two uncommon cases of angioleiomyoma of the endometrium and discuss the differential diagnosis and literature review.

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Sardjono, Michelle, and Sony Sugiharto. "Gambaran histopatologis kelainan jinak uterus pada wanita usia reproduksi di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi Akurat Semarang tahun 2019-2020." Tarumanagara Medical Journal 3, no. 2 (2021): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/tmj.v4i1.13729.

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Kelainan jinak uterus merupakan kasus yang paling umum ditemui pada wanita usia reproduksi, termasuk di Indonesia. Kasus tersebut jika tidak segera ditangani dengan terapi yang tepat dapat menimbulkan komplikasi dan morbiditas yang tinggi sehingga membutuhkan pemeriksaan histopatologis sebagai diagnosis pasti. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologis kelainan jinak uterus pada wanita usia reproduksi. Sampel data diambil dari Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi (PA) Akurat, Semarang dari periode tahun 2019-2020 dengan metode penelitian observasional menggunakan desain potong lintang. Hasil studi didapatkan 103 sampel kelainan jinak uterus dengan 6 gambaran histopatologis yaitu 22,3% kasus polip endometrium, leiomioma uteri dan polip serviks masing-masing sebanyak 20,4%, hiperplasia endometrium sebanyak 15,5%, adenomiosis sebanyak 12,7%, dan endometritis sebanyak 8,8%. Berdasarkan hasil studi dapat disimpulkan gambaran histopatologis kelainan jinak uterus yang ditemukan pada wanita usia reproduksi di Laboratorium PA Akurat Semarang tahun 2019-2020 adalah polip endometrium, leiomioma uteri, polip serviks, hiperplasia endometrium, adenomiosis dan endometritis dengan kasus terbanyak adalah polip endometrium. Setiap kasus kelainan jinak uterus disarankan untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi untuk dapat menentukan terapi yang tepat.

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Al-Rayes, Sarah, Mariam Mohamed, Eva Suarthana, Hormoz Nassiri Kigloo, Jason Raina, and Togas Tulandi. "Risks of Malignancy among 11,204 Patients with Endometrial Polyp: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy 14, no. 1 (2025): 40–50. https://doi.org/10.4103/gmit.gmit-d-24-00056.

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Abstract Objectives: To evaluate factors associated with malignancy in patients with endometrial polyps. Materials and Methods: We conducted electronic database research on PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and Google Scholar from inception for all studies on endometrial polyp. After removing duplicates, and title and abstract screening, we had a total of 121 articles and 151 others from screening the reference list. Inclusion criteria included peri and postmenopausal women > 45 years diagnosed histopathologically with endometrial polyp(s). We excluded women with a history of endometrial cancer or hysterectomy. Results: Twenty studies were analyzed. Of 11204 patients with endometrial polyp, 287 had malignant polyps (2.75%), 182 (1.8%) had concomitant endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, and 520 (5.2%) had hyperplasia without atypia within the polyp. Menopausal women had a higher risk of pre-malignancy/malignancy than non-menopausal women (OR 5.63 (95CI 3.87, 8.20, I 2 = 0%, P < 0.001). Endometrial thickness on ultrasound in pre-malignancy/malignancy cases was significantly thicker than in the benign polyp (mean difference 4.2 mm, 95% CI 0.8 to 7.6 mm, I 2 = 18%, P = 0.02). Women who used tamoxifen or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had a lower likelihood of endometrial pre-malignancy/malignancy, while women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) had a higher probability of pre-malignancy/malignancy. The odd ratio of having pre-malignancy/malignancy among those who used tamoxifen was 0.50 (95% CI 0.26-0.94: I 2 12%, p = 0.03). Conclusion: In women with endometrial polyp, menopausal age and thickened endometrium might increase the probability while tamoxifen or HRT use might lower the likelihood of endometrial pre-malignancy/malignancy; and the presence of AUB might signal endometrial pre-malignancy/malignancy.

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Vladov, Krum, Ekaterina Uchikova, Maria Koleva-Ivanova, et al. "A Case Report of the Synchronous Occurrence of Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumour and Malignant Endometrial Polyp with Immunohistochemical Expression of Hormone Receptors and Biomarkers p-53 and Ki-67." Reports 7, no. 4 (2024): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reports7040103.

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Background and Clinical Significance: Abnormal uterine bleeding during the postmenopausal years is a pathological sign that may be due to simultaneous intrauterine and ovarian pathology. Granulosa cell tumours of the ovary are malignant neoplasms producing oestradiol, which leads to the abnormal proliferation of the endometrium, precancerous lesions, and endometrial carcinoma type I. Case Presentation: The authors present a clinical case of a 67-year-old woman with postmenopausal bleeding who underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and partial omentectomy. The histopathological examination showed a granulosa cell adult-type ovarian tumour and a malignant endometrial polyp with atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium. Conclusions: The immunohistochemical analysis of the malignant endometrial polyp confirmed the expression of oestrogen, progesterone receptors, and the biomarker Ki-67.

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Т., Ф. Татарчук, В. Косей Н., В. Занько О., and І. Юско Т. "Endometrial polyps: optimization of anti-inflammatory therapy." Reproductive Endocrinology, no. 44 (December 28, 2018): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2018.44.8-14.

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The frequency of hyperproliferative pathology of endometrium is about 60–70% in the structure of gynecological pathology of postmenopausal women. Endometrial polyps are a fairly frequent gynecological pathology for women of all ages, but the overwhelming majority of them are diagnosed at the age of 40–60 years. According to a number of studies, the frequency of endometrial polyps is 39.2–69.3%, and the endometrial polyposis occupies the first place in the structure of intrauterine pathology in postmenopausal. Given the important role of inflammation in the etiology of endometrial polyps and the risk of infectious complications in the postoperative period, there is a need for a comprehensive approach to the examination and treatment of this pathology. To date, ultrasound diagnostics and hysteroscopy are considered the standard for diagnosing endometrial polyps. However, the use of hysteroscopic technique in postmenopausal patients has a number of limitations, which are primarily associated with the possible occurrence of anesthetic and surgical complications. With age in the body, women experience atrophic changes in the genital area, which are often the cause of the formation of stenosis and obliteration of the cervical canal, which increases the risk of injury during his burying and can lead to the formation of a «false» course and even perforation of the uterus. This causes a more complicated postoperative period, which is characterized by a pain syndrome, the presence of subfebrile, hematometry, etc. In addition, given the growth in postmenopausal frequency of extragenital pathology and metabolic syndrome, during the surgical interventions and in the postoperative period, the risk of thrombotic complications increases. The article presents the substantiation of the expediency of conducting anti-inflammatory therapy in the postoperative period in postmenopausal patients after hystero-rectoscopic removal of polyps. The risk of complications of inflammatory nature after hysteroscopy is quite high and is 3–10%. The expediency of using the combined treatment regimen of endometrial polyps in this patient population using the enzyme complex Distreptaza®, which reduces the severity and duration of the pain syndrome, reduces the risk of developing subfebrile and formation of hematometry.

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Lippert, L. J. "Endometrial Polyp." Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists 9, no. 3 (2002): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-3804(05)60399-4.

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Т., Ф. Татарчук, and Г. Герман Д. "Endometrial polyps: new strategies for effective treatment." REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, no. 36 (September 14, 2017): 14–22. https://doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2017.36.14-22.

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The work is devoted to the issue of effectiveness improvement in treatment of endometrial polyps (EP) in women of reproductive age. Study objective: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Allokin-alpha in combination with dydrogesterone for the treatment of EP in women of reproductive age. Study design: the study involved 70 patients aged 18–35 years: 34 patients with EP (group I), 30 patients with EP and chronic endometritis (CE) (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Subgroup Ia (n = 15) received dydrogesterone for the treatment, Ib (n = 19) – dydrogesterone and Allokin-alpha, IIa (n = 17) – dydrogesterone and antibiotic, IIb (n = 19) – dydrogesterone, antibiotic and Allokin-alpha. Study methods: group I and II were diagnosed by hysteroscopy with histological confirmation, endometrial samples from healthy women were obtained by aspiration biopsy. Bacteriological examination of the endometrium was performed by PCR and by cultivating aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms on special growth media. The endometrial sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against the specific markers of plasmacytes (CD138), NK cells (CD56, CD16), cellular marker for proliferation (Ki-67). Study results: Endometrial samples of women with EP (isolated or in conjunction with CE) were characterized by significantly higher detection of Candida spp. – 21% (p = 0,012), and Herpes viruses type 1, 2, and 6 – 17% (p = 0,016). Compared with the normal endometrium, isolated EP contained a lower density of CD56 and CD16, EP in conjunction with CE had a higher density of CD138 along with a lower density of CD16. Dydrogesterone therapy in combination with Allokin-alpha was effective in correcting local immune disorders in the endometrium, normalizing proliferative processes and eliminating infectious agents in the uterine cavity.

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Polishchuk, Tetiana, Serhii Vdovichenko, Oleksandra Lubkovska, and Dmytro Ledin. "Peculiarities of intrauterine pathological processes in women of the postmenopauseal period." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 3 (May 25, 2021): 16–23. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001853.

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Aim of the research is studying the pecularities of the endometrium pathological processes in postmenopausal women on the basis of the hysteroscopy data evaluation, as well as conduction of histopathological and immunochemical studies. Materials and methods. To study the pecularities of intrauterine pathological processes, 100 postmenopausal women were selected and studied. All women underwent hysteroscopy with separate diagnostic scraping of the uterine cavity. Also, 10 samples of glandular-fibrous endometrial polyps (GFEP) in women of reproductive age and 9 samples of such pathology in the postmenopausal period were studied by immunohistochemical method, using 6 primary specific monoclonal antibodies. Results. The results showed that in 64 (64 %) postmenopausal women pathological changes of the endometrium were presented with GFEP, and in 2 patients (2 %) endometrial adenocarcinoma was found. It was also determined that the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells of GFEP in postmenopausal women are characterized by lower expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, compared with women with such formations in the reproductive age. In addition, it was found that in postmenopausal women the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor bcl-2 and aromatase P450 in the epithelial and stromal cells of GFEP was more expressed, and the expression of the Bах antigen, on the contrary, was significantly lower than in women of reproductive age. Conclusions. Fundamental molecular-biological differences of GFEP in postmenopausal women compared with women of reproductive age were revealed. It was found that in postmenopausal women there is a significantly lower dependence of such polyps on the effects of estrogen and progesterone. In addition, the data indicate an increased risk of neoplastic transformation in such women.

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Yeasmin, Most Sabina, Nishat Anjum Nourin, Tahera Begum, Farah Naz Mabud, and Farjana Ahmed Surovi. "Placental Polyp : A Rare Case Report." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 20, no. 2 (2021): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v20i2.56481.

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Placental polyp is the retained fragment of placental tissue which presents as a polypoidal or pedunculated mass within the uterus. It is a rare entity and has an incidence of less than 0.25 % of all pregnancies. There are also very few reported cases of the clinical placental polyp. Here,we report a case of 22-year-old P1 woman presenting with vaginal bleeding and something coming down into vagina.Her last pregnancy had occurred one year ago.Laboratory investigation revealed slightly elevated serum b-hCG. Ultrasonography revealed thick endometrium, broad cervix (5.2cm) and a hyperechoic mass within the cervix. Extraction of the placental polyp followed by endometrial curettage were done and tissue sent for histopathology. Definite diagnosis was made by histopathological examination and which was a placental polyp. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 85-88

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SALIKHOVA, T. R., N. S.-M. OMAROV, A. U. CHERKESOVA, S. M. GADJIMURADOVA, and E. R. ASKERKHANOVA. "CLINICO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ENDOMETRIAL POLYP PATHOGENESIS IN POSTMENOPAUSE." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (2019): 724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.742_periodico32_pgs_724_731.pdf.

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To study hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1α expression in endometrial polyps (EP) considering their clinical-morphological and immunological features during postmenopause. A complex clinical and laboratory examination of 120 postmenopausal patients was carried out. 90 of them developed EP, whereas 30 had morphologically unchanged endometrium. Immune histochemical (ICH) testing was used to evaluate HIF-1α expression in epithelial and stromal cells of polyps in adjacent and control endometrium. A complex of the most significant risk factors in EP genesis such as high rate of inflammatory disorders of genital organs (IDGO), extragenital, metabolic and endocrine disorders and intrauterine contraception (IUC) was found. High expression of HIF-1α in epithelial cells and in the area of inflammatory infiltrate of glandular fibrous EP stroma was established as compared with control endometrium. HIF-1α expression in epithelial cells and in the area of inflammatory infiltrate of EP glandular fibrous stroma against the background of inflammatory, metabolic and endocrine, immunological changes and age-related involutional processes indicated local hypoxia. Epigenetic changes can develop in the processes of proliferation and apoptosis and in the processes that control neoplastic transformation. The obtained data can provide grounds for patient-tailored EP therapy in postmenopausal patients.

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Seror, Julien, Erika Faivre, Sophie Prevot, and Xavier Deffieux. "Tuberculosis Endometrial Polyp." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/176124.

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Tuberculosis can cause infertility when it infects the genital tract (e.g., endometritis). A 31-year-old woman (origin: Algeria) was referred to our academic gynecological institute for unexplained primary infertility. The patient presented with no complaint. Hysteroscopy showed a 10 mm sized endometrial polyp. The polyp was removed. Pathology showed lymphocytic and plasmacytic chronic inflammatory modification, granulomatous modification, and gigantocellular modification,which lead to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. No acid fast organism was seen on Ziehl-Neelsen staining. A chest thorax X-ray revealed no sign of pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient underwent antituberculosis therapy during one year. Posttreatment hysteroscopy revealed no abnormality. This is the first reported case of endometrial tuberculosis diagnosed following removal of a polyp with classical benign appearance.

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Məmmədli, L. Z. "СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ КРИТЕРИИ СОНОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАНИЙ ПРИ ПАТОЛОГИЯХ ЭНДОМЕТРИЯ". Azerbaijan Medical Journal, № 2 (10 травня 2023): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34921/amj.2023.2.013.

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Məqalədə endometrium patologiyalarının sonoqrafik əlamətlərini öyrənmək məqsədilə aparılmış tədqiqat işi haqqında məlumat verilmişdir. Tədqiqata yaşı 40-dan 65-ə qədər olan 113 qadın daxil edilmişdir. Müayinə olunan pasiyentlərdən 78 (69,0%) qadın premenopauzal (1-ci qrup), 35 (31,0%) qadın postmenopauzal dövrdə (2-ci qrup) olmuşdur. Pasiyentlərin əsas şikayəti müxtəlif intensivliyə və davametmə müddətinə malik olan anormal uşaqlıq qanaxması idi. Bütün pasiyentlər çanaq orqanlarının ultrasəs müayinəsi də daxil olmaqla kompleks müayinələrdən keçirildi. Uşaqlığın selikli qişası beynəlxalq endometrium şiş analizi qrupu (International Endometrial Tumor Analysis Group - IETA) tərəfindən qəbul olunan meyarlara əsasən qiymətləndirildi: endometrium polipi 47 (41,6%), uşaqlıq mioması 67 (59,3%), adenomioz əlamətləri 26 (23,0%) pasiyentdə aşkar edilmişdir. Endometrium patologiyalarının diaqnostikasında ultrasəs müayinəsinin həssaslığı 72,1%, spesifikliyi isə 87,8% təşkil etmişdir. Tədqiqatın nəticələri göstərmişdir ki, ultrasəs müayinəsi zamanı endometriumun tək qalınlığının yox, eyni zamanda strukturunda olan dəyişikliklərin diaqnostik qiymətləndirilmədə əhəmiyyəti vardır. Uşaqlıqdaxili patologiyaların aktiv aşkarlanması üçün pre- və postmenopauzal yaşda olan bütün pasiyentlər skrininq ultrasəs müayinəsindən keçməlidirlər. В статье представлена информация об исследованиях, проведенных с целью изучения сонографических признаков патологий эндометрия. В исследование были включены 113 женщин в пре- и постменопаузе в возрасте от 40 до 65 лет: 78 (69,0%) женщин находились в пременопаузе (1-я группа), 35 (31,0%) — в постменопаузе (2-я группа). Основной жалобой пациенток были аномальные маточные кровотечения различной интенсивности и продолжительности. Состояние эндометрия оценивали по критериям IETA. При обследовании полипы эндометрия обнаружены у 47(41,6%), миомы матки у 67 (59,3%), признаки аденомиоза у 26 (23,0%) пациенток. Чувствительность ультразвукового исследования в диагностике патологий эндометрия составила 72,1%, специфичность 87,8%. Результаты исследования показали, что не только толщина эндометрия, но и изменения его структуры играют важную роль при ультразвуковом исследовании. Для активного выявления внутриматочной патологии все пациентки пре- и постменопаузального возраста должны подвергаться скрининговому ультразвуковому обследованию. The article provides information about studies conducted to investigate the sonographic signs of endometrial pathologies. The study included 113 pre- and postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years. Of these, 78 (69.0%) were premenopausal (Group 1), and 35 (31.0%) were postmenopausal (Group 2). The major symptoms experienced by the patients were abnormal uterine bleeding of varying intensity and duration. The state of the endometrium was assessed according to the IETA (International Endometrial Tumor Analysis Group) criteria. During the examination, endometrial polyps were found in 47 (41.6%) patients, uterine fibroids in 67 (59.3%), and signs of adenomyosis in 26 (23.0%) patients. The sensitivity of ultrasound in diagnosing endometrial pathologies was 72.1%, and the specificity was 87.8%. The results of the study showed that not only the thickness of the endometrium, but also changes in its structure play an important role in ultrasound examination. For active detection of intrauterine pathology, all pre- and postmenopausal patients should undergo screening ultrasound examination. Açar sözlər: premenopauza, postmenopauza, endometrium

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Çolak, Eser, Hilal Özgür Erinanç, Semra Eroglu, Tahir Eryılmaz, Emel Ebru Özçimen, and Ali Ayhan. "KISS1, P53, and PTEN immunoexpressions and prediction of malignancy in endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia lesion within endometrial polyp." Medical Science and Discovery 7, no. 10 (2020): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v7i10.425.

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Objective: Aim of this study to evaluate the usefulness of phosphase and tensin homologous deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), p53, and kisspeptin (KISS1) immunoexpressions in predicting malignancy in endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia within the endometrial polyps. Material and method: This cross-sectional study was based on chart data from a convenience sample of patients who underwent probe curetage at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Başkent University Ankara and Konya Practice and Research Hospitals, Turkey. A total of 169 patients were allocated into 5 groups, comprising the EIN-p group: 62 patients with an endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia lesion within an endometrial polyp, EC group: 17 patients with an endometrial carcinoma, EP-h group: 30 patients with hyperplasia on the background of the polyp but no atypia, EP group: 30 patients with endometrial polyps, and NE group: 30 patients with a normal (proliferative) endometrium. P53, PTEN, and KISS1 expressions between the groups were evaluated. Results: In the EIN-p and EC groups, P53 and KISS1 expressions were moderate or strong. In the NE, EP and EP-h groups, KISS1 was weakly stained and P53 expression was negative. The number of patients with strong p53 and KISS1 expressions in the EC group was higher and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). With PTEN immunostaining, the EC and EIN-P groups were weakly stained, whereas the NE, EP, and EP-h groups had moderate or strong staining. Strong staining rates were higher in patients in the NE and EP groups than in the EP-h group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In addition to the literature about P53 and PTEN, according to the data obtained herein, it was speculated that KISS1 may play an important role in the malignant transformation of endometrial polyps and it might be used as a predicting marker in this patient group.

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Lasmar, Bernardo P., and Ricardo B. Lasmar. "Endometrial polyp size and polyp hyperplasia." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 123, no. 3 (2013): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.06.027.

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Koblížková, Michaela, Petra Bretová, Michal Felsinger, Luboš Minář, Markéta Bednaříková, and Vít Weinberger. "Ultrasound finding of endometrial polyp and factors increasing risk of malignancy." Česká gynekologie 89, no. 1 (2024): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/cccg202444.

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This article presents a comprehensive review of factors that increase the risk of malignancy in ultrasound findings of an endometrial polyp. We collected original studies, reviews, and meta-analyses that dealt with the topic of endometrial polyps and the risk of developing endometrial cancer. Each presumed risk factor was analysed individually. According to searched studies, abnormal uterine bleeding, old age, and body mass index are valid risk factors for developing endometrial cancer in endometrial polyps. Lynch syndrome patients are also in a high-risk group for endometrial cancer. On the other hand, the number of polyps, their size, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and positive family history are factors with inconclusive results. There are either not enough data or different results among several studies. Key words: endometrial polyp – risk factors – endometrial carcinoma – polyp size – tamoxifen – abnormal uterine bleeding

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Amin, Ramzi, Carly Yanlin Wu, Jill Cheng Sim Lee, and Mihir Gudi Ananta. "Metastatic signet-ring carcinoma to the uterus presenting as an endometrial polyp." BMJ Case Reports 16, no. 5 (2023): e254190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-254190.

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Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the uterus is rare and requires exclusion of possible metastatic tumour to the uterus. We report a case of a woman in her 70s who underwent hysteroscopy and a polypectomy for a polyp arising from the uterine wall. On histological examination, malignant cells with signet-ring cell morphology were found within the fragments of endometrial tissue. Immunohistochemical studies indicated a metastatic adenocarcinoma possibly from the gastrointestinal tract. Additional radiological investigations revealed a possible primary gastric tumour, which was further confirmed on subsequent biopsies. This case illustrates that gastric carcinomas can rarely metastasise to the endometrium and highlights the importance of clinical correlation in arriving at the final diagnosis.

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Bagdasaryan, L. Yu, V. V. Ponomarev, and G. A. Penghoyan. "Improving diagnosis and treatment for endometrial polyp." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 27, no. 6 (2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-6-18-29.

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Background. The incidence of endometrial polyps has reached 25–35% making them the most common intrauterine pathology. Polyps account for every fourth hysteroscopy due to their association with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility and malignancy risks. Absolute or relative hyperestrogenism are important factors in the development of endometrial polyp. Infectious and immune mechanisms have recently acquired special attention with the polyp pathogenesis.Objectives. Management optimisation of infertile patients with endometrial polyp through differentiated choice of postoperative therapy.Methods. We examined 90 patients of reproductive age (36.07 ± 6.14 years) with endometrial polyp and infertility conducting a comprehensive history analysis, assessment of reproductive function, extragenital and gynaecological pathology. Laboratory analyses comprised clinical and biochemical blood tests including vitamin and ferrum. Immunohistochemical endometrial estimators were CD16+, CD56+, HLA–DR(II)+.Results. Patients with endometrial polyp and infertility had frequent bacterial vaginosis (90.0%), pelvic inﬂammations and vaginitises (78.89% each); endometrial polyp relapse was 10.4-fold more frequent in patients with infertility I compared to infertility II. Killer cell (CD16+ and CD56+) and HLA-DR(II)+ counts grow in chronic endometrial inﬂammation. Chronic autoimmune endometritis exacerbated in 53.33%, chronic exacerbated endometritis or acute endometritis were observed in 46.67%. Therapy differentiated by immunohistochemistry allowed successful pregnancy in natural cycles in 60.9% of patients with infertility I and in 85.7% — with infertility II.Conclusion. The success rate of natural cycle pregnancy in patients of reproductive age with endometrial polyp after polypectomy is directly related to type of endometrial inﬂammation: chronic autoimmune, chronic exacerbated or acute endometritis. Immunohistochemical estimators can be used for differentiating therapy, which allowed a 70.3% pregnancy success rate.

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Timmerman, Dirk, and Ignace Vergote. "Tamoxifen-Induced Endometrial Polyp." New England Journal of Medicine 335, no. 22 (1996): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199611283352205.

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R, Karim, and Russell P. "BENIGN VILLOGLANDULAR ENDOMETRIAL POLYP." Pathology International 51, no. 12 (2001): A7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.00023.x.

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Alnimer, Yanal, Osama Zaghmout, and Qazi Azher. "Synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma in endometrial polyp." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 6 (January 1, 2018): 2050313X1877716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x18777164.

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Introduction: Carcinosarcoma is a rare gynecological malignancy and it usually follows an aggressive clinical course. Rarely, it can be confined to an endometrial polyp or be synchronous with another gynecological malignancy. Herein, we report a rare case of synchronous carcinosarcoma confined to an endometrial polyp and endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma arising from a distinct uterine wall site. Case presentation: A 57-year-old female patient presented with heavy vaginal bleeding. She underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma that was diagnosed preoperatively through dilation and curettage. Full histopathological examination of the uterine specimen revealed carcinosarcoma confined to a 4 cm endometrial polyp in addition to a stage IA endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma which arose from a distinct uterine wall. Conclusion: Having an endometrioid endometrial cancer diagnosis preoperatively through dilation and curettage and at examination of the frozen section specimen following surgical resection should not preclude the standard full histopathological examination of the uterine specimen, since this could reveal an additional uterine malignancy, such as carcinosarcoma. Such a finding would alter the post-operative management, prognosis, and outcome even if it is confined to an endometrial polyp.

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Aakash, Nfn, Albina Murzabdillaeva, Mei Lin, and Songlin Zhang. "Endocervical Adenocarcinoma With Skip Lesion in a Fundal Endometrial Polyp Mimicking Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Arising From Endometrial Polyp." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, Supplement_1 (2019): S38—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz113.004.

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Abstract Human papillomavirus–related adenocarcinomas account for approximately 20% of all cervical cancers. Most of them arise in the transformation zone but may be found exclusively in endocervical canal. Contiguous spread into the lower uterine segment is known to occur, but finding a “skip” lesion in a fundal endometrial polyp poses an interesting pathologic conundrum. We present a case of a 57-year-old woman with a history of postcoital bleeding and abnormal cervical smear. Cervical exam showed a 2-cm exophytic mass on anterior cervix. Biopsy revealed invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma. Patient underwent radical hysterectomy. Gross examination revealed large cervical mass without involvement of low uterine segment and a benign-appearing small uterine fundal polyp. Microscopic examination confirmed the deeply invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma, and the benign-appearing endometrial polyp had similar atypical glands on the polyp surface and admixed with benign endometrial glands. Both cervical tumor and the carcinoma involving endometrial polyp demonstrated identical immunohistochemistry showing diffuse positive p16 and CEA(m) and negative for ER and vimentin. The authors report a rare case of endocervical adenocarcinoma with skip lesion in the endometrial fundal polyp, and rare cases with skip lesion in the fallopian tubes from endocervical adenocarcinoma have been reported in the literature. High clinical suspicion and ancillary immunohistochemistry are necessary to differentiate the lesion from endometrioid or papillary carcinoma arising from endometrial polyp.

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Haroon Al Rasheed, Mohamed Rizwan, Oluwatobi Adelaja, and Gabor Tarjan. "Sarcoidosis in an Endometrial Polyp." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 25, no. 3 (2016): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896916673908.

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Li, Yiu-Tai, Szu-Ting Yang, and Peng-Hui Wang. "Expected treatment for endometrial polyp." Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 63, no. 1 (2024): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2023.11.001.

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Cheng, Guangying, Hao Zhang, and Linjing Xu. "Manipulation of the endometrial polyp." ASVIDE 12 (May 2025): 84. https://doi.org/10.21037/asvide.2025.084.

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Shigemitsu, Helen Hideaki, Dale Robert Broome, and Glenn Allen Rouse. "Uterine Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Mimicking a Prolapsing Endometrial Polyp." Journal of Women's Imaging 6, no. 1 (2004): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130747-200403000-00006.

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Moritani, Suzuko, Shu Ichihara, Masaki Hasegawa, et al. "Stromal p16 expression differentiates endometrial polyp from endometrial hyperplasia." Virchows Archiv 461, no. 2 (2012): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-012-1276-1.

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Unler, Gulhan Kanat, Huseyin Savas Gokturk, Erzat Toprak, Ozgur Hilal Erinanc, and Huseyin Korkmaz. "Does the Presence of Endometrial Polyp Predict Colorectal Polyp?" American Journal of the Medical Sciences 351, no. 2 (2016): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2015.11.006.

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Rasool, Saba, Sidra Raffique, Maria Bashir, Abdul Rauf, Amna Maqbool, and Shysta Shaukat. "To Determine the Association between Endometrial Polyp and Metabolic Syndrome." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (2022): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162213.

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Background: Endometrial polyps are common among females especially in postmenopausal women. They have different type of prognosis and could lead to other related comorbidities. Metabolic syndrome is one of those conditions. Aim: To determine the association between endometrial polyp and metabolic syndrome. Study design: Case control study. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit-IV, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from12-04-2016 to 13-10-2016. Methodology: One hundred women presenting in the obstetric and gynecological outdoor of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore who meet the inclusion criteria of age between 18 to 60 years and with confirmation of endometrial polyps enrolled in this study. Detailed history and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Two groups of patients were assimilated as follows. Cases: Those with endometrial polyp (as per operational definition), Controls: Healthy women without endometrial polyp (endometrial thickness≤5mm on transvaginal ultrasound scan). Patient’s workup was done on outdoor basis and demographic details along with presence/absence of metabolic syndrome were recorded in the attached proforma. All patients were examined by a single resident and all labs were acquired from a single (Hospital) laboratory to eliminate bias. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 33.57±6.65 years. The women who presented are maximum of having second parity 42(42%) and parity 3, 23(23%). There was significant difference for the metabolic syndrome in the cases and control as there were 33(62%) cases who have metabolic syndrome and 20(37%) control were having this disease.(odds ratio >1). Conclusion: There is significant association of endometrial polyps with metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, endometrial polyps, Lipid profile.

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Liang, Lusha, Alexendar Reinaldo Perez, Nicholas A. Cangemi, et al. "Outcomes of stage IA polyp-limited vs endometrium-limited epithelial high grade endometrial carcinoma (EMC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 15_suppl (2015): e16500-e16500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e16500.

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Kienzle, B., T. Staßen, J. Maltzan, D. Mayr, J. Braun, and S. Reese. "Polyp des Endometriums bei einer Roloway-Diana-Meerkatze (Cercophitecus diana roloway)." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 37, no. 02 (2009): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1622781.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Diagnostik und Therapie einer Fruchtbarkeitsstörung bei einer Meerkatze. Material und Methoden: Fallbericht einer 13-jährigen Roloway-Diana-Meerkatze. Ergebnisse: Bei dem Tier, das mit einem geschlechtsreifen männlichen Tier zusammen im Zoo gehalten wurde, waren im Verlauf von 2 Jahren keine Deckakte beobachtet worden. In diesem Zeitraum wurden wiederkehrende, teilweise sehr starke und unregelmäßige Blutungen aus der Vagina festgestellt. Eine klinische Untersuchung sowie eine Ultraschalluntersuchung des Abdomens ergaben Hinweise auf eine Zubildung im Uterus. Nach der Ovariohysterektomie wurde pathomorphologisch ein Polyp im Endometrium mit einer Größe von 17 × 13 × 10 mm festgestellt. Diese benigne Neubildung war vermutlich für das Erscheinungsbild der unregelmäßigen und sehr variablen Blutung aus der Vagina verantwortlich. Nach der Ovariohysterektomie war das Tier gesund. Schlussfolgerung: Ähnlich wie bei der Frau kommen endometriale Zubildungen auch beim Affen vor. Klinische Relevanz: Anamnese, klinische Untersuchung und Ultraschalluntersuchung konnten das Krankheitsbild einer wiederkehrenden und unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägten vaginalen Blutung bei einer Meerkatze abklären.

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Pokhrel, Kailash Mani, Popular Pokhrel, Utsha Mulmi, et al. "Giant endometrial polyp in a post-menopausal woman: a rare case report from Nepal." Annals of Medicine & Surgery 86, no. 2 (2024): 1215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000001667.

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Introduction: Endometrial polyps (EPs) result from the overgrowth of endometrial glands and stroma. Giant endometrial polyps, defined as those exceeding 4 cm, are rare, and their association with phytoestrogen (PE) intake is infrequently reported. Case presentation: The authors present a case of a giant endometrial polyp in a 59-year-old post-menopausal woman from Nepal. The patient presented with lower abdominal pain and a history of vaginal spotting. She was not under any drugs or medications, including hormones, but had a regular intake of PE-rich foods. Imaging revealed a giant endometrial polyp and a uterine fibroid. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) were performed and histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of endometrial polyp and fibroid. Discussion: In our case, the patient’s increased age and PE-rich diet were identified as potential risk factors for the giant endometrial polyp. Giant endometrial polyps are rare, with limited cases reported to date, often associated with tamoxifen or raloxifene use. Phytoestrogens can exhibit oestrogenic effects, contributing to endometrial polyps. This case emphasizes the importance of further research to explain the relationship between phytoestrogen intake and giant endometrial polyps. Conclusion: Giant endometrial polyps are uncommon, and their association with phytoestrogen intake remains underexplored. Clinicians should consider dietary factors in history while evaluating endometrial polyps, and further research is necessary to explore the potential role of phytoestrogens in the development of giant endometrial polyps.

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Şahin, Büşra, Elif Yaman, Fatma Nur Düzenli, and Fatih Davran. "The Role of Inflammatory Markers in Distinguishing Endometrial Polyp: Single Center Results." Türk Kadın Sağlığı ve Neonatoloji Dergisi 6, no. 4 (2024): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46969/ezh.1538701.

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Objective: To investigate the role of inflammatory markers in predicting the presence of endometrial polyps in patients undergoing endometrial sampling due to abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: The pathology results of patients who presented to Akçakoca State Hospital with abnormal uterine bleeding and underwent endometrial sampling between May 2023 and July 2023 were retrospectively examined. The demographic characteristics of the patients, platelet-lymphocyte, neutrophil-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-monocyte ratios and systemic immune inflammation index were calculated. Patients were categorized into endometrial polyps and other benign pathologies according to the pathological diagnosis. Malignant and premalignant lesions were not included in the study. The examination results and inflammatory markers were compared between these two groups. Results: 89 patients were included in the study. While the pathological finding in 38 patients was an endometrial polyp, other benign pathologies were found in 51 patients. No significant difference was found in terms of hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, neutrophils and PDW variables in patients with endometrial polyps (p>0.05). PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) and SII (systemic immune-inflammatory index) were significantly higher in the endometrial polyp group compared to other benign pathologies (p

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OMORI, Makiko, Akihiko HASHI, Hiroko FUKASAWA, et al. "A case of endometrial carcinoma arising in an endometrial polyp." Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology 51, no. 1 (2012): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5795/jjscc.51.28.

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Sh.Aliawy, Asmaa. "ENDOMETRIAL POLYP WITH ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA &CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN RABBITS." Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 11, no. 2 (2012): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33762/bvetr.2012.68383.

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Laberge, Philippe Y. "A Not-so-Benign Endometrial Polyp." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 29, no. 9 (2007): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(16)32598-1.

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Rossetti, A., S. Zulli, O. Sizzi, B. Cinque, A. Lanzone, and S. Mancuso. "Pregnancy implanted on an endometrial polyp." Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists 5, no. 3 (1998): S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-3804(05)80390-1.

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Ansbacher, Rudi, and Arnold P. Advincula. "Endometrial polyp secondary to tamoxifen therapy." Fertility and Sterility 80, no. 1 (2003): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00578-8.

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Sullivan, Laura Geisel, Jerome L. Sullivan, and William F. Fairey. "Breast carcinoma metastatic to endometrial polyp." Gynecologic Oncology 39, no. 1 (1990): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-8258(90)90408-d.

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