Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Endothélium vasculaire – Troubles du métabolisme'
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Nguyen, Phuong Nga. "Caractérisation de la fonction vasculaire dans les vaisseaux sanguins isolés en réponse au glucose élevé et de l'artère mammaire interne de patients diabétiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ004/document.
Full textFirstly, we aimed to establish an ex vivo model of high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial dysfunction in isolated arteries from male Wistar rat and porc. Then, our goal was to clarify the contribution of SGLT1/2 in endothelial cells under HG conditions to evaluate the protective effect of gliflozins on the endothelial function. However, HG did not affect the endothelium-dependent relaxation response in all tested types of artery. The lack of effect of HG might be related to certain factors, such as the incubation conditions, gender, age, strain, species of studied animals, and conditions of housing of animals. Secondly, we characterized human internal mammary arteries (IMA) of 58 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in the New Civil Hospital of Strasbourg. We found the association of diabetes and hypertension in the enhanced level of oxidative stress in human IMA. The expression levels of eNOS, SGLTs and the components of angiotensin system need to be further investigated
Achard, fabienne. "Acides gras d'origine marine : métabolisme et effets sur la synthèse de prostacycline endothéliale." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0087.
Full textThe investigated the role and metabolism of n-3 fatty acids from marine oil (eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids) in bovine aortic endothelial cells. First, we studied the anti-aggregant potential of endothelial cells enriched with EPA or DHA, and their capacity to synthetize prostacyclin. We showed that n-3 fatty acids treated cells were less active than control cells in inhibiting platelet aggregation and in producing prostacyclin, and these phenanena have been positively correlated. In the second part, the metanolic fate of EPA and DHA was studied. He found that they were actively interconverted by endothelial cells, leading to DPA accumulation. In addition, enrichment with n-3 fatty acids modified the cellular concentration of other fatty acids, especially those of the n-6 series. Only EPA altered arachidonic acid concentration in phospholipids. Last, the inhibitory mechanisms displayed by n-3 fatty acids upon the prostacyclin Sjmthesis are analyzed. We observed that prostacyclin formation in n-3 fatty acids enriched cells was similarly inhibited whatever the source of arachidonic acid: endogenous or exogenous. These results suggest that the investigated fatty acids act rather on the enzymic conversion of arachidonic acid than on its avai1ability. We also found a decreased 1eve1 of PGHS-1 and of its transcript in enriched cells, suggesting some transcriptional effects
De, Seranno Sandrine. "Rôle des cellules endothéliales dans l'induction d'une plasticité morphologique des cellules épendymogliales de l'éminence médiane, les tanycytes : implication dans le contrôle neuroendocrine de la fonction de reproduction femelle." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S026.
Full textTran, Dinh Alexy. "Rôle du SR-B1 dans les effets neuroprotecteurs des HDL à la phase aiguë de l'ischémie cérébrale." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC310.
Full textStroke is a major concern of public health. Etiological treatment is limited to me recanalization of the thrombosed artery (intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis by a recombinant of tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and mechanical clot extraction). New neuroprotective drugs are needed to attenuate the deleterious effects of ischemic cascade. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex molecules having multiple protective activities as reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues back to the liver and the struggle against oxidation, inflammation, apoptosis and thrombosis. These pleiotropic effects confer to HDLs a protective function for vascular endothelium via the interaction with an endothelial receptor, the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1). We showed in a murine model of cerebral ischemia that the perfusion of HDL decreased the infarct volume and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. The neuroprotective effect of HDLs was dependent of their interaction with endothelial SR-B1. The vasculoprotective effect of HDLs on the BBB and the rnle of SR-B1 were confirmed in vitro using a monocellular model of human BBB
Raynal, Patrick. "Protéines activées par le calcium et les phospholipides (annexines et protéine kinase C) dans les cellules endothéliales vasculaires : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30026.
Full textLachaux, Marianne. "Nouvelles cibles pharmacologiques du traitement de la dysfonction cardiovasculaire associée au syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR010.
Full textMetabolic Syndrome (MS) is associated with an increase in cardiovascular adverse events and specifically with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF represents up to 50% of HF however, no treatment effective on mortality has been yet identified. MS related-HFpEF is a multifactorial syndrome in which an increase in endothelin signaling, in mineralocorticoid receptor activation as well as mitochondria dysfunction is found and participate to the pathology. The present goal of the thesis was to evaluate in three different projects the effects of short- (1 week) and long-term (3 months) treatments, each targeting one of these biological systems, on cardiovascular dysfunction observed in a rat model of MS associated HFpEF. We have chosen the endothelin receptors antagonist macitentan, the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone and the new glucose-lowering agent imeglimin. Our results clearly show after the short-term studies an improvement in diastolic dysfunction, an increase in myocardial perfusion as well as restoration of endothelium-dependent coronary relaxation with the 3 treatments. All these improvements were associated with a decrease in left ventricular (LV) reactive oxygen species production (ROS). We obtained the same results after the long-term studies with a decrease in LV interstitial collagen deposition. ROS production was also decreased with the 3 components. This study clearly shows that in a rat model of MS related-HFpEF, blocking endothelin receptors or mineralocorticoid receptors as well as preventing mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with an improvement in cardiac and vascular dysfunctions. These improvements probably involve, among other mechanisms, a decrease in oxidative stress
Niazi, Zahid Rasul. "Optimized EPA/DHA 6/1 formulation prevents Angiotensin-II induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ029/document.
Full textEPA:DHA 6:1 has been shown to be a superior omega-3 formulation inducing a sustained endothelial NO synthase-derived formation of nitric oxide. This study examined whether chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 prevents hypertension and endothelial dysfunction induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in rats. Ang II-induced hypertension was associated with endothelial dysfunction characterized by blunted components of relaxation and increased endothelium-dependent contractile responses. Ang II increased the vascular oxidative stress, and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, COXs, eNOS, and AT1R whereas SKCa and connexin 37 were down-regulated. Intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 prevented the Ang II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction, and improved expression of target proteins. In conclusion, chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 prevented the Ang II induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats, most likely by preventing NADPH oxidase and cyclooxygenase-derived oxidative stress
Zabel, Karine. "Mécanismes d'action et efficacité clinique des inhibiteurs de l'HMG-CoA réductase en préventions primaire et secondaire de l'athérosclérose." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P002.
Full textJullien, Véronique. "Déficit en protéine C de type I et accident vasculaire cérébral : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M042.
Full textPayen, Cyrielle. "Implication des troubles métaboliques maternels sur la programmation fœtale des fonctions métabolique hépatique et vasculaire de la descendance." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0047.
Full textIn utero exposure to maternal metabolic pathologies leads to fetal programming, which increases the occurrence of metabolic, vascular and hepatic diseases in offspring. In this thesis, we focused on fetal programming induced by two types of maternal metabolic dysfunctions : obesity and diabetes. We highlighted that maternal obesity induced direct fetal programming of the vascular function in offspring regardless of metabolic disorders. In addition, we showed that disruption of perinatal nutrition leads to the early occurrence of metabolic disorders in offspring of obese mothers, without modifying the fetal programming of vascular function. Bariatric surgery doesn’t seem tobe able to reverse fetal programming of metabolic and vascular functions as described in obese mothers offspring. We also showed that fetal programming of vascular dysfunction of diabetic mother’s offspring can be transmitted from the F1 to the F2 generation. Finally, we highlighted the importance of sexual dimorphism in the fetal programming of vascular function. These results demonstrate that vascular (arterial hypertension) and metabolic (obesity, diabetes) diseases are not exclusively behavioral diseases but can also have a fetal life origin. They can be transmitted over several generations, thus contributing to explain the worldwide spread of obesity and associated metabolic disorders
Faucher, Christian. "Caractérisation des protéines 27/28 K, substrats de la protéine kinase C, dans les cellules endothéliales vasculaires et les cellules d'adénocarcinome mammaire humain MCF-7." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30246.
Full textPétrault, Maud. "Influence des facteurs de risque vasculaire sur l’apparition et la toxicité des microhémorragies cérébrales." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S011/document.
Full textCerebral microhemorrhages (CMH) are characterized by the rupture of small intracerebral vessels, leading to blood effusions with a diameter of less than 5 mm in Humans, and considered as asymptomatic. Despite their microscopic size and their silent nature, they are increasingly taken into account by clinicians because they can reflect a vascular fragility and the severity of underlying neurovascular diseases. Their toxicity to the brain tissue is often speculated but has never been demonstrated, raising doubt about their potential impact on the onset or on the evolution of cognitive decline. Moreover, it is difficult to know the specific effects of CMH because they are often associated with a pathology whose characteristics influence the results observed. In this context, we have developed a new method of induction of disseminated CMH in healthy mice. In addition to investigate the histological and behavioral impact of these lesions in the short and in the long term, we assessed the influence of vascular risk factors (through oral anticoagulant treatments) and metabolic disorders (through a high fat diet) on their severity. Our investigations demonstrate that the presence of disseminated CMH in a healthy context induce a progressive impairment of visual recognition memory in mice. The addition of an oral anticoagulant treatment increases the severity of the lesions but they remain silent in the short term, except for the warfarin which provokes fatal hemorrhagic transformations. Similarly, the presence of metabolic disorders has little impact on the severity of microhemorrhagic burdens. In any case, the presence of CMH does not precipitate or aggravate the long-term cognitive decline. Thus, vascular and metabolic risk factors do not appear to have a direct influence on CMH-induced toxicity in a context of non-neurodegenerative cognitive impairment
Delcampo, Marie-Pierre. "Syndrome d'apnées du sommeil et sécrétion d'insuline chez la personne âgée ayant présenté un accident vasculaire cérébral." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M129.
Full textFlorens, Nans. "Modifications post-traductionnelles des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) et risque cardio-vasculaire dans l’insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1034.
Full textCardiovascular complications remain the main problem in chronic kidney disease (CKD) but all the reasons of this risk are not fully understood. there is an addition of traditional risk factors and uremia-related ones. Among the latter, the generation of post-translational modifications of HDL could play a role. In this work, we highlighted an excess of carbonylation by 4-HNE onto the protein part of HDL in CKD in a rabbit model of CKD and in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. This carbonylation by 4-HNE is responsible for ablunted anti-aggregant properties of HDL mediated by a CD36-dependant pathway. We also showed that the proteome of HDL from non diabetic hemodialysis patients is deeply modified and that there were several post-translational modifications onto the protein cargo of these HDL. The generation of carboxylate-methyl-lysine from non-enzymatic glycation processes was the main modification in our patients. The origin of such glycation could be from a favorable chemical environment but a potential load from hemodialysis fluids should be addressed
Rezki, Amel. "Le petit déjeuner standardisé. Un outil diagnostique du statut glycémique et des modifications cardiovasculaires postprandiales ? : Comparaison vs la charge en glucose ; et explorations cardiovasculaires sous saxagliptine vs placebo chez des patients intolérants au glucose." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD029.
Full textPostprandial metabolic changes are essential both to characterize glycemic status (normal, prediabetes or diabetes, best diagnosed by oral 75g glucose tolerance test of (OGTT)) but also because of cardiovascular changes induced by food intake. A standardized breakfast with 75g carbohydrates (SB) could be an alternative. The continuous glucose monitoring allowed us to show a great concordance of the amplitude / kinetics of the metabolic response (glycemia, insulin resistance indexes, glucose variability) after OGTT vs after SB in obese subjects without known diabetes. The SB also offered good diagnostic performance. We also used the SB to explore fasting and postprandial metabolic and cardiovascular changes (endothelial function, microcirculation, autonomic nervous system, arterial stiffness, myocardial function) in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance (ACCES study), according to randomiziation to a 12-week treatment with Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl 4 inhibitor (iDPP4), or its placebo. We showed that this treatment allowed the regression of glucose intolerance for 9 patients out of 10 in the saxagliptin arm against 4 out of 9 in the placebo arm. We did not observe any change in our cardiovascular parameters according to iDPP4 vs placebo, both at fasting and after the SB, after a single dose and after 12 weeks of treatment. Only the decrease in postprandial vagal activity was more sustained in the saxagliptin group.These results support the cardiovascular safety of saxagliptin.To conclude, the SB appears to be a promising diagnostic test for dysglycemia, as it is simple and well tolerated. It can also be used to explore cardiovascular changes after a mixed meal,with more physiological modifications than after OGTT
Zgheel, Faraj. "Protection vasculaire par la nouvelle formulation d'oméga-3 : rôle de la NO synthase endothéliale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ031/document.
Full textThe aim of the present work was to evaluate both the potency of omega-3 formulations to induce the endothelial function and the effect of omega-3 on the platelet-induced coronary artery contraction.The endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by EPA:DHA formulations is dependent on both the ratio and the purity of the formulation, with the maximal effect obtained with a highly purified EPA:DHA 6:1 ratio through a redox-sensitive activation of PI3-kinase/Akt and/or MAPKs pathways and subsequent activation of eNOS. The EPA:DHA 6:1 formulation inhibits the platelet-induced serotonin-mediated contraction of porcine coronary rings and the 5HT-induced contraction in both porcine coronary artery and human internal mammary artery rings, mainly due to an increased endothelial formation of NO. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the optimized EPA:DHA 6:1 formulation is able to exert potent beneficial cardiovascular effects through the activation of the endothelial function
Cardenas, Maira Alejandra. "Hypertrophie myocardique, risque vasculaire et métabolisme des monocarbones. Conséquences métaboliques et moléculaires dans un modèle de raton carencé en donneurs de méthyles, et chez le sujet âgé." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10004/document.
Full textThe deficiency in methyl donors is prevalent in the perinatal period of life and in aging. Dietary methyl donors, folate and vitamin B12, influence the cellular content in Sadenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine and increases homocysteine. The link between methyl donors and energy metabolism is not known, despite their role in pathways related to epigenetics and synthesis of methylated molecules. We evaluated the consequences of a diet lacking methyl donors, in myocardium of weaning rats from dams subjected to deficiency during gestation and lactation. The deficient diet increased plasma homocysteine and myocardium Sadenosylhomocysteine. The results evidenced a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with a global deficit in fatty acid oxidation with increased plasma acylcarnitines. The links between one-carbone metabolism, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and cardiomyopathy were ascertained by correlations between hyperhomocysteinemia, short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, and type-B natriuretic peptide. Methyl donor deficiency may be an aggravating condition of cardiomyopathy by impairing fatty acid oxidation through altered expression of PPAR[alpha] and ERR[alpha] and imbalanced acetylation/methylation of PGC1[alpha]. Finally, in a clinical study we sshowed that the Hcy and Apo A-I were two metabolic factors that influence the « anckle brachial index » in an ambulatory aged Sicilian population. The influence of homocysteine on Apo A-I and HDL metabolism provides new insights on its role on vascular diseases, at a cross-point between atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis
Darbousset, Roxane. "Roles of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in thrombosis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5071.
Full textHemostasis is a physiological process to preserve the integrity of the vascular system and to prevent blood loss in response to injury. In pathological conditions, such as cancers, infections or cardiovascular diseases, the blood coagulation cascade can be activated, leading to the formation of a platelet thrombus.Using a laser-injury model coupled with a high-definition, high-speed camera, we explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in thrombus formation in physiological and in pathological conditions associated with the development of a cancer. The first part of this work describes the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in thrombus formation. We show that PMNs are the first cells to accumulate at the site of injury and represent the main source of blood-borne tissue factor (TF), leading to the generation of fibrin and thrombus formation. We also show that once present at the site of injury, PMNs recruit Endothelial Progenitor Cells (endothelial colony-forming cells, ECFCs), which play a key role in vascular repair. The second part of this work we determined, in dedicated mouse models, the involvement of TF and platelet activation in thrombosis associated with cancer. Together, our findings provide new perspectives in the understanding of the pathophysiological role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, Endothelial Progenitor Cells and platelets
Sigaud, Romain. "Activation de la phosphatase PTP SHP2 par le système de l'adrénomédulline dans les cellules endothéliales en vue d'une stabilisation vasculaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0668/document.
Full textAdrenomedullin (AM) is one of the main factors in the formation of tumor neo-vessels. It's responsible for stable adherent junction formation between vascular endothelial (VE) cells by maintaining VE-cadherin/catenins adhesion complex in a dephosphorylated status. Indeed, AM blockade induces phosphorylation of VE-cadherin in tyrosine 731, which is followed by disruption of VE-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts of endothelial cells (ECs), thereby leading to EC adhesion loss and tumor vessels disruption. Tyrosine phosphorylation events are controlled by the balance of activation of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Little is known about the role of endogenous PTPs in AM signaling in ECs. SHP2 is capable of dephosphorylating the complex. Its association with β-catenin allows it to control the dephosphorylated steady state of the complex and to maintain the VE-cadherin/β-catenin association. To study the mechanism of AM on the inter-endothelial junction stabilization, we hypothesized that AM may act on SHP2 allowing a control upon formation of VE-cadherin-β-catenin complex. In this study, we found that SHP2 activity is markedly increased by AM. In ECs, AM-induced phospho-SHP2 Y542 activity to localize at the human umbilical vein endothelial cell membrane and stabilizes VE-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions by reducing VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation. SHP2 inhibition causes opposite effects with inhibiting AM-induced dephosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Y731 and Y658. In summary, AM regulates SHP2 activity through phosphorylation of Y542, which stabilizes cell-cell adhesions through reducing tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin
Farooq, Muhammad Akmal. "Potential of omega-3 EPA/DHA 6/1 to ameliorate ageing-related endothelial dysfunction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ107/document.
Full textEPA:DHA 6:1 omega-3 formulation has been shown to induce a sustained endothelial NO synthase-derived formation of nitric oxide. This study examined if the intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 improves an established ageing-related endothelial dysfunction. Ageing-related endothelial dysfunction was characterized by a blunted NO-mediated component of relaxation, abolished EDH-mediated component and increased COX-derived endothelium-dependent contractile responses. Ageing increased vascular oxidative stress, expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, COX-2, eNOS, ACE, AT1R, and senescence markers, whereas COX-1 was down-regulated. Chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 improved the NO-mediated relaxations, reduced EDCFs, vascular oxidative stress and normalized the expression of protein markers. In conclusion, chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 prevented the ageing-related endothelial dysfunction in old rats, most likely by preventing activation of the local angiotensin system and the subsequent vascular oxidative stress
Mezouar, Soraya. "Involvement of platelets in inflammation and cancer." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5045.
Full textIn cancers, the blood coagulation cascade and platelets can be activated to form thrombosis. This state will mainly due by the tumor and their microparticles (MPs) expression of tissue factor (TF), key protein of the coagulation cascade. In the first part of this study, we demonstrated that TF and the TF pathway inhibitor expressed by cancer MPs and the platelet P-selectin are involved in tumor progression, metastasis and the associated thrombosis in pancreatic cancer in mice. We showed the key role-play by αvβ3 and αvβ1 integrins and neutrophils extracellular traps in the interaction between cancer cells-derived MPs and platelets. We also evaluated the effect of clopidogrel, but not aspirin, treatment exhibits an anti-tumor action and limits thrombosis formation in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. This study initiates a national investigation of a multicenter clinical phase III study to evaluate the therapeutic potential of clopidogrel in pancreatic cancer patients. In the second part of this study, we identified a “population of neutrophils expressing TF” that acts like a starter of the thrombus formation. At the reverse, in a sterile inflammatory model, our work showed the primordial role of platelet P-selectin in the slow rolling, the adhesion and the transmigration of neutrophils. All together our results suggest that the cooperation between the endothelium, platelets, MPs and neutrophils constitute essential mechanisms acting in the thrombosis and the inflammation
Stalin, Jimmy. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle de CD146 soluble dans les pathologies angiogéniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5080.
Full textDiseases with angiogenic component such as ischaemic pathologies and cancer have a high incidence. Among ischaemic pathologies, the acute ischaemia of the lower limbs made the object of many research having for goal a better comprehension of the physiopathological mechanisms and the development of effective therapies. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) take part in the regeneration of the vessels during ischaemia. In tumoral pathology, resistance to available treatments pushes research to find new therapeutic targets. For several years, our team has worked on CD146 molecule. It was shown that the soluble form of CD146 is an angiogenic factor involved in physiology and pathology. Our work thus consisted in studying the mechanism of action of this molecule in pathologies. Work of this thesis comprises several axes: A first in which the study of the modulations of the effects of soluble CD146 on EPC made it possible to highlight its receptor, angiomotin protein. The second part of the work concerned the study of the effects of a pretreatment by soluble CD146 on EPC on a model of IAMI in mouse. In vitro and in vivo, soluble CD146 increases the angiogenic properties and the viability of the EPC. Lastly, the third part of the work completed during my thesis concerned the role of sCD146 in cancerous pathology. We developed xenograft models of cancer cells allowing us to examine the effects of soluble CD146 on the tumor growth by the injection of this molecule. The results obtained show that soluble CD146 increases tumor growth and vascularization
Malak, Abbas. "Role of vascular microparticles in endothelial senescence : study of their pro-coagulant properties and pharmacological modulation in a porcine model of replicative senescence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ130.
Full textThis scientific work has tackled the issue of the pleitropic role mediated by endothelial microparticles function and homeostasis. A replicative model of senescence using coronary endothelial cells was set showing drastic phenotype changes characterized by ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and the up-regulation of key regulators of cell cycle arrest including p53, p21 and p16.Replicative senescence shifted the coronary endothelial phenotype toward a procoagulant status as evidenced by (i) procoagulant MP shedding (ii) enhanced tissue factor (TF) expression and (iii) a marked decrease in the endothelial NO-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation. In parallel, a drastic up regulation of the angiotensin system could be evidenced at the surface of senescent cells or derived MP. Results obtained with MPs from patients with acute coronary artery syndrome and from grafted patients,suggested a feedback loop disseminating the deleterious effect of circulating MPs redox signaling and alteration of vascular function owing to exaggerated senescence. In addition to its well-known immunosuppressive properties, cyclosporine A (Cs A) is a potent inhibitor of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and several reports have indicated that a brief and timely administration of Cs A can limit ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Our data evidenced the possible pharmacological modulation of endothelial MP-mediated senescence by cell preconditioning with low concentrations of Cs A. our data are thus suggestive of a beneficial effect of CsA in cardiovascular disorders where senescence is altering the endothelial vascular functions
Gondouin, Bertrand. "Les toxines urémiques provoquent un phénotype procoagulant de l'endothelium par la voie du facteur de transcription AHR." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5054/document.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant morbidity and cardiovascular mortality, which involves chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. CKD patients have a higher risk of venous or arterial thrombosis compared to general population. Uremic toxins are molecules that accumulate in the serum and organs of CKD patients. Among them, protein-bound uremic toxins are poorly removed by dialysis, and their endothelial toxicity had been well demonstrated in vitro. In this thesis, we demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole acetic acid (IAA ), two protein-bound toxins can cause a pro coagulant phenotype of cultured endothelial cells through an increased production of tissue factor (TF ) Tissue factor is a membrane procoagulant factor that initiates the coagulation cascade by activating factor VII via the extrinsic pathway. We also demonstrated that TF increase was produced via a cellular pathway previously known to be involved in the detoxification processes: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway (AHR) . The canonical ligand of AHR is dioxin, well known for its cardiovascular adverse effects. In this work, we showed that IS and IAA had a “dioxin- like effect”. The link between FT and AHR had never been shown earlier. CKD constitutes an endogenous situation similar to dioxin poisoning. In conclusion, the IS and IAA are involved in endothelial dysfunction in CKD patients and cardiovascular mortality by increasing the endothelial production of TF and thus causing a pro- coagulant phenotype of endothelial cells. AHR pathway is a very interesting therapeutic target in the problematic of cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients
Sallee, Marion. "Mécanismes cellulaires, moléculaires et épigénétiques impliqués dans les complications de l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5001.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an irreversible decrease in kidney functions. Accumulation of uremic toxins is implicated in the uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome affects all organs and particularly the cardiovascular system. The aim of this thesis was to identify and understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in the uremic syndrome.The first part attempted to ascertain the existence of alternative splice events associated with CKD. Two alternative splicing were identified. The small number of alternative splice events highlighted allows us to conclude that this phenomenon does not seem to be a key event in the modulation of gene expression during CKD.In the second part of this work, we demonstrated that the plasmatic concentration of an uremic toxin, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is associated with all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events. In vitro, we demonstrated that IAA induced endothelial cyclooxygenase-2 expression and endothelial oxidative stress production. IAA activated an endothelial Aryl hydrocarbon receptor/P38MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The activation of this inflammatory AHR dependant pathway could play a critical role in the increase of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed during CKD.Our work provides new therapeutic targets. The modulation of their activation could reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease