Academic literature on the topic 'Endotracheal tube'

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Journal articles on the topic "Endotracheal tube"

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Metheny, Norma A., Leslie J. Hinyard, and Kahee A. Mohammed. "Incidence of Sinusitis Associated With Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes: NIS Database." American Journal of Critical Care 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2018978.

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Background Endotracheal and nasogastric tubes are recognized risk factors for nosocomial sinusitis. The extent to which these tubes affect the overall incidence of nosocomial sinusitis in acute care hospitals is unknown. Objective To use data for 2008 through 2013 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to compare the incidence of sinusitis in patients with nasogastric tubes with that in patients with an endotracheal tube alone or with both an endotracheal tube and a nasogastric tube. Methods Patients’ data with any of the following International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were abstracted from the database: (1) 96.6, enteral infusion of concentrated nutritional substances; (2) 96.07, insertion of other (naso-)gastric tube; or (3) 96.04, insertion of an endotracheal tube. Sinusitis was defined by the appropriate codes. Weighted and unweighted frequencies and weighted percentages were calculated, categorical comparisons were made by χ2 test, and logistic regression was used to examine odds of sinusitis development by tube type. Results Of 1 141 632 included cases, most (68.57%) had an endotracheal tube only, 23.02% had a nasogastric tube only, and 8.41% had both types of tubes. Sinusitis was present in 0.15% of the sample. Compared with patients with only a nasogastric tube, the risk for sinusitis was 41% greater in patients with an endotracheal tube and 200% greater in patients with both tubes. Conclusion Despite the low incidence of sinusitis, a significant association exists between sinusitis and the presence of an endotracheal tube, especially when a nasogastric tube is also present.
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Santos, Perry M., Ali Afrassiabi, and Ernest A. Weymuller. "Risk Factors Associated with Prolonged Intubation and Laryngeal Injury." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 111, no. 4 (October 1994): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989411100411.

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A prospective study evaluated potential risk factors associated with laryngeal Injury after prolonged endotracheal tube intubation for longer than 3 days. Ninety-seven patients were evaluated after oral endotrachael tube intubation (mean, 9 days). This study updates a previously reported evaluation of 44 patients. The additional sample size has provided findings of unreported patient risk factors of laryngeal injury and confirmation of previous associations. The majority of the 97 patients had some type of laryngeal injury, ranging from mild mucosal erythema to ulceration, granuloma formation, or true vocal cord immobility. Patient examinations were continued until the larynx returned to normal or stabilized or the patient was lost to follow-up. Postextubation examinations in the survival group revealed the following. (1) Laryngeal erythema occurred in 94%, and ulceration occurred in 76% of the patients with resolution within 6 weeks. (2) Laryngeal granulomas occurred in 44% of the patients; the majority of the granulomas (57%) developed an average of 4 weeks after extubation. Associated risk factors included duration of endotracheal tube Intubation ( p < 0.05) and presence of nasogastric tube ( p < 0.05). (3) Vocal cord immobility was observed in 16 patients (20%). Eight patients had true vocal cord immobility noted initially after extubation, and the remaining eight had true vocal cord immobility an average of 4 weeks after extubation. Initial and delayed true vocal cord immobility were associated with duration of intubation and size of endotracheal tube ( p < 0.01). Delayed true vocal cord immobility developed only in patients with a size 8 endotracheal tube. Implications generated from this study would suggest the use of antacids and histamine, receptor antagonist medications for patients requiring a nasogastric tube and the use of smaller diameter endotracheal tubes.
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Marley, Charles D., David R. Eitel, Mark F. Koch, Dean R. Hess, and Michael A. Taigman. "Prehospital Use of a Prototype Esophageal Detection Device: A Word of Caution!" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 11, no. 3 (September 1996): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00042990.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the effectiveness of a prototype esophageal detection device (EDD) during use in the prehospital setting.Design/Setting:Prospective convenience sample in a prehospital setting.Population:Intubated adult patients.Interventions:The study device was used to determine esophageal or endotracheal placement of endotracheal tubes in intubated patients. Clinical means were used to confirm tube location. A data sheet was completed for each patient.Results:Of 105 uses of the device, 17 of 17 esophageal tubes were identified correctly (100% sensitivity). Sixty-five of 88 tracheal tubes were correctly identified (78% specificity). There was intermediate reinflation of the device on 13 of the 65 tracheal tubes. Five tests were indeterminate. There were no false negatives (negative predictive value 100%), but 18 false positives (positive predictive value 48%).Conclusion:This prototype EDD adequately identifies esophageally placed endotracheal tubes. Correct identification of endotracheally placed tubes was less sensitive. Much work needs to be done regarding the use of negative aspiration devices to identify placement of endotracheal tubes.
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Heller, Richard M., and Robert B. Cotton. "Early Experience with Illuminated Endotracheal Tubes in Premature and Term Infants." Pediatrics 75, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 664–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.4.664.

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A major problem in the care of premature and other newborn infants is obtaining and maintaining correct position of an endotracheal tube. Improper placement of the distal tip of the endotracheal tube above the larynx or below the carina is a life-threatening hazard that not only impairs ventilation, but also may result in serious pulmonary complications such as lobar atelectasis and air leak. This problem was addressed by testing the hypothesis that a light source at the end of the endotracheal tube could be seen on the neck and chest and that, therefore, the endotracheal tube could be positioned and repositioned without radiologic guidance. The validity of this concept was confirmed in animals using a rigid bronchoscope light source and conventional endotracheal tubes. Then an endotracheal tube in which a fiberoptic strand was incorporated in the wall and which terminated near the tip of the tube was used. The illuminated endotracheal tube was used 33 times in 25 infants. This technique has been shown to provide a safe method (not requiring ionizing radiation) for positioning of the endotracheal tube by virtue of external visualization of a circle of light on the surface of the baby. This system will not permit differentiation of tracheal from esophageal intubation.
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GOLDENRING, JOHN M. "Endotracheal Tube Placement in Infants." Pediatrics 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.77.1.131b.

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To the Editor.— The use of illuminated endotracheal tubes as described by Drs Heller and Cotton may represent a significant advance. In addition to decreasing radiation exposures and costs thereof with initial intubations, there may be an additional saving by identifying endotracheal tubes that have come out of position, either riding up too high, or, more commonly, slipping down into a mainstem bronchus. The use of the tube tip light source may also be very helpful in the rapid evaluation of a decompensating neonate by quickly indicating that the cause of poor gases is a change in the endotracheal tube position.
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Reignier, Jean, Mondher Ben Ameur, and Claude Ecoffey. "Spontaneous Ventilation with Halothane in Children." Anesthesiology 83, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199510000-00005.

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Background It has been reported that, in children breathing spontaneously via an endotracheal tube, halothane depresses ventilation with paradoxic inspiratory movement. Endotracheal tubes have a higher airflow resistance than do laryngeal mask airways (LMAs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare spontaneous ventilation via the LMA with that via the endotracheal tube in children anesthetized with halothane. Methods The authors studied two groups of 6-24-month-old children with no cardiorespiratory and neurologic disorders, undergoing elective minor surgery with halothane anesthesia: one group breathing via LMA (n = 10) and one group breathing via endotracheal tube (n = 10). They measured tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, and end-tidal CO2. They assessed paradoxic inspiratory movement using amplitude index and phase delay index. Results Age and weight were similar in both groups. Mean +/- SD tidal volume (7.5 +/- 1.9 ml/kg in the LMA group vs. 5.3 +/- 1.1 ml/kg in the endotracheal tube group; P &lt; 0.05) and minute ventilation (325 +/- 105 ml.min-1.kg-1 in the LMA group vs. 246 +/- 38 ml.min-1.kg-1 in the endotracheal tube group; P &lt; 0.05) were lower in the endotracheal tube group. The phase delay index (18 +/- 11% in the LMA group vs. 41 +/- 19% in the endotracheal tube group; P &lt; 0.05) and the amplitude index (25 +/- 43% in the LMA group vs. 74 +/- 72% in the endotracheal tube group; P &lt; 0.05) were significantly smaller with the LMA than with the endotracheal tube. Conclusions In 6-24-month-old children anesthetized with halothane, paradoxic inspiratory movement is less when breathing through an LMA than through an endotracheal tube.
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HELLER, RICHARD M., and ROBERT B. COTTON. "Endotracheal Tube Placement in Infants." Pediatrics 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.77.1.132.

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In Reply.— We agree with Dr Bloch that auscultation is a primary tool for determinig appropriate position of an endotracheal tube. However, experience in a busy neonatal intensive care unit has shown that, even with careful auscultation, endotracheal tubes still become inappropriately positioned, often with serious consequences. Our experience has been that the illuminated endotracheal tube provides a clear indication of depth of penetration when asymmetric lung disease may cause auscultatory findings to be equivocal. Dr Goldenring raises the important point that the cost of the illuminated endotracheal tube is under evaluation at the present time, and as soon as information concerning pricing is available, I will make this information available to the readership of Pediatrics.
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Curran, Matthew W. T., and Edward E. Tredget. "Ivy Loop Wiring: A Useful Form of Endotracheal Tube Stabilization in Burn Patients." Plastic Surgery 25, no. 3 (July 25, 2017): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2292550317716123.

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The stabilization of endotracheal tubes in the burn population presents many problems. Access to the face for dressings, debridements, and the use of topical antimicrobials prevent adequate stabilization of the endotracheal tube with commonly used methods. Conventional methods have an increased risk of shifting, which can lead to injury to the friable burned tissue or unplanned extubation. To prevent these complications, alternative methods using the dentition to stabilize the endotracheal tube have been described. Here, we present our technique of using Ivy loops to secure the endotracheal tube. It is a simple method with low complications that provides a strong stabilization of the tube while giving access to the face.
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Penconek, Agata, Marcin Odziomek, Agata Niedzielska, and Moskal Arkadiusz. "Delivery of Nebulised Drugs using Endotracheal Tube." Chemical and Process Engineering 33, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-012-0058-2.

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The purpose of the studies was to estimate efficiency of delivering nebulised drugs into the lower respiratory tract through endotracheal tubes (ET tubes) which are commonly used in the treatment of uncooperative patients. Water solution of Disodium Cromoglycate (DSCG) was nebulised with a constant air flow (25 l/min). Experimental studies were done for eight ET tubes with varying sizes (internal diameter, length) and made of two different materials. Size distribution of aerosol leaving ET tubes was determined with the use of aerosol spectrometer. Fine Particle Fraction (FPF) and Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) were calculated for the aerosol leaving each tube. Additionally, mass of the Disodium Cromoglycate deposited into each endotracheal tube was determined. ET tubes can significantly influence the parameters of delivered aerosol depending on their diameter. FPF of aerosol delivered in to the respiratory tract is lower if small endotracheal tubes are used. However, MMAD and FPF for large endotracheal tubes are almost identical with MMAD and FPF from nebuliser. The results indicate that a substantial fraction of large droplets is eliminated from the aerosol stream in long endotracheal tubes (270 mm). In this case the mass of drug delivered through ET tubes is reduced but the content of small droplets increases (high value of FPF).
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Afifi, M. Sherif, Parwane Parsa, Manuel Fontes, Virginia DeFillppo, Susan Givens, and Stanley H. Rosenbaum. "ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE LEAKS." Critical Care Medicine 27, Supplement (January 1999): 72A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199901001-00160.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Endotracheal tube"

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Kinnear, D. J. "Development and characterisation of novel anti-infective endotracheal tube biomaterials." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557654.

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Nosocomial infection, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) affects more than 1 million people each year. The first step in VAP is colonization of the endotracheal tube; prevention of which has failed using traditional approaches such as antibiotic prophylaxis. This work looks at the development of anti-infective materials capable of resisting bacterial adherence. The strategy centres around the use of biocides (QACs) which target the negatively charged bacterial cell wall, disrupting cell structure and causing death. Chapter 2 examines the incorporation of 3 QACs into PVC via the solvent cast method. The materials resisted colonization but possessed poor mechanical properties. Chapter 3 examines an alternative method of incorporation, hot melt extrusion. The QACs and PVC were stable despite the application of heat but when combined, the QACs catalyzed the degradation of PVC and resulted in materials unsuitable for use in a medical device. Chapter 4 reconsiders the solvent cast method, but with ion pairs formed from quaternary ammonium cations and docusate anion. This produced ionic liquids with improved solubility in PVC, which improved the mechanical properties of the materials. However, the antimicrobial activity of the materials was not equivalent to that of the precursor QACs. Chapter 5 examines an alternate approach to the modification of PVC, by the production of an ultrahydrophobic surface. This did not prevent adherence but the materials showed no bacterial viability in adhered biofilm after 24 hours incubation. This was attributed to transition metals used to roughen the surfaces. Chapter 6 reports a second attempt at the exchange of anion paired with the quaternary ammonium cation, for sulfonate based anions. This produced films which showed improved mechanical properties and reduced bacterial adherence. This reduces the need for additional plasticisers, and these materials are suggested as suitable candidates for anti-infective ET tube biomaterials.
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Byers, Lisa Marie. "Microbial biofilm and ventilator-associated pneumonia." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343092.

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Fataar, Danielle. "Endotracheal tube verification in the mechanically ventilated patient in a critical care unit." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008057.

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Critically ill patients often require assistance by means of intubation and mechanical ventilation to support their spontaneous breathing if they are unable to maintain it. Mechanical ventilation is one of the most commonly used treatment modalities in the care of the critically ill patient and up to 90% of patients world-wide require mechanical ventilation during some or most parts of their stay in critical care units Management of a patient’s airway is a critical part of patient care both in and out of hospital. Although there are many methods used in verifying the correct placement of the endotracheal tube, the need and ability to verify placement of an endotracheal tube correctly is of utmost importance, because many complications can occur should the tube be incorrectly placed. Since unrecognized oesophageal intubation can have many disastrous effects on patients, various methods for verifying correct endotracheal tube placement have been developed and considered. Some of these methods include direct visualization, end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement and oesophageal detector devices. This research study aimed to explore and describe the existing literature on the verification of endotracheal tubes in the mechanically ventilated patient in the critical- care unit. A systematic review was done in order to operationalize the primary objective. Furthermore, based on the literature collected from the systematic review, recommendations for the verification of the endotracheal tube in the mechanically ventilated patient in the critical care unit were made. Ethical considerations were maintained throughout the study and the quality of the systematic review was ensured by performing a critical appraisal of the evidence found.
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Choi, Daniel S. "The effects of oral vs nasal intubation on endotracheal tube complications in cardiac patients." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12072.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
Objective: To test the hypothesis that nasal endotracheal tubes are more secure and associated with fewer complications than oral endotracheal tubes. This involves establishing the incidence of specific endotracheal tube complications between cardiac patients who are intubated via the oral and nasal route. In addition, a secondary objective is to identify specific risk groups that could benefit from a change in practice or implementation of guidelines. Design: A retrospective chart review of 100 patients who were admitted to the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit with an endotracheal tube in place was performed. Patients involved in this preliminary study were selected from a larger patient population admitted to Boston Children’s Hospital during the fiscal year of 2011 (October 1, 2010 through September 30, 2011). Variables that were collected include: gender, type of mechanical ventilation, reasons for admission, RACHS-1 scores, outcome of respiratory support, age and weight of patients, duration of ventilation, reason for ventilation, cuffed vs. un-cuffed ETT, size of ETT, initial tube depth, route of intubation, location of intubation, duration of ventilation, CICU and hospital length of stay, and inotropic scores. The specific complications that were analyzed were: inadequate ETT positioning or securing with the need for re-adjustment, accidental or unplanned extubations, device related pressure ulcers and skin breakdown, and feeding problems related to dysphagia. The Z-test was used to determine if the difference in rate of complications between cardiac patients who were orally intubated and cardiac patients who were nasally intubated was statistically significant. The Fisher’s Exact test was also used to confirm the z-test since the sample size was relatively small. Finally, a multi-variable regression with select variables was performed to observe possible confounding factors. The Fisher’s Exact test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to determine which covariates would be included in the multivariable regression. [TRUNCATED]
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McGovern, James Gerard. "Pathogenesis and control of infection associated with the oropharynx and the polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tube." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388226.

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Abud, Tania Mara Vilela. "Efeitos da pressão do balonete de tubos traqueais contendo ou não válvula reguladora de pressão sobre a mucosa traqueal, durante anestesia com óxido nitroso no cão /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100147.

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Orientador: José Reinaldo Cerqueira Braz
Resumo: Justificativa: a hiperinsuflação do balonete do tubo traqueal, causada pela rápida difusão do óxido nitroso (N2O), pode determinar lesões traqueais. Objetivos: comparar as pressões de balonetes de tubos traqueais, contendo ou não válvula reguladora de pressão, durante anestesia com N2O e estudar as eventuais lesões da mucosa do segmento traqueal em contato com o balonete do tubo traqueal. Método: dezesseis cães foram submetidos à anestesia venosa com pentobarbital sódico e anestesia inalatória com N2O (1,5 L.min-1) e O2 (1,0 L.min -1). Os cães foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com o tubo traqueal utilizado: G1 (n=8) tubo traqueal convencional com balonete de baixa pressão (Portex Blue-Line, Inglaterra); G2 (n=8) tubo traqueal dotado de válvula reguladora de pressão de Lanz (Mallincrodt, EUA). Em ambos os grupos, a insuflação do balonete foi feita com ar até a pressão de 30 cm H2O. A medida da pressão do balonete foi realizada através de manômetro (Mallincrodt, EUA), antes e após 60, 120 e 180 minutos do início da... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background: High endotracheal tube intracuff pressure caused by fast diffusion of nitrous oxide (N2O) may cause mucosal tracheal lesions. Objectives: We have studied the effects of endotracheal tubes intracuff pressures with or without pressure regulating valve on tracheal mucosa during anesthesia with N2O. Methods: Sixteen dogs were submitted to intravenous anesthesia with pentobarbital and inhalational anesthesia with N2O (1.5 L.min-¹) and O2 (1.0 L.min-¹). The dogs were randomly allocated to two groups according to the endotracheal tube: G1 (n=8) conventional endotracheal tube with low-pressure cuff (Portex Blue-line, England); G2 (n=8) endotracheal tube with pressure regulating valve of Lanz from Mallincrodt (USA). In both groups the cuff insufflation was done with air to adjust cuff pressure to 30 cm H2O. Intracuff pressure was measured using a manometer at zero (control) and 60, 120 and 180 minutes after inhation of the N2O. The animals were sacrificed and biopsy specimens from areas of the trachea in contact with the endotracheal cuff were... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Hamilton, Virginia. "Patient Discomfort in the ICU: ETT movement effects." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3419.

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Critically ill patients who require MV are at risk for a number of complications, including the development of ventilator-associated events (VAE) and agitation that may require the use of sedation. Patients experience anxiety and discomfort during mechanical ventilation from a variety of sources including unfamiliar breathing assistance and an inability to communicate anxiety and pain verbally, but a primary cause of discomfort identified by these patients is the simply the presence of the endotracheal tube (ETT). Discomfort often leads to agitation and may be exacerbated by ETT movement. Management of agitation typically involves the use of sedative therapy and has been shown to increase the length of stay in the hospital. Additionally, when ETT cuff pressure is not adequately maintained, risk of microaspiration increases and these microaspirations increase the risk of ventilator-associated events. ETT movement may adversely affect the cuff seal against the tracheal mucosa, increasing leakage around the cuff and microaspiration. To date, no studies have described the effect of ETT movement on patient comfort and agitation. Noting the frequency of ETT movement during the provision of nursing care and plausible inadvertent consequences on discomfort and agitation, a research model was created and specific instruments selected in order to study this topic. This dissertation will provide a review of the literature regarding the role of the ETT in microaspiration, as well as detail a study that explores the frequency and amount of ETT movement and its potential effect on agitation.
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Mpasa, Ferestas. "Management of endotracheal tube cuff pressure in mechanically ventilated adult patients in intensive care units in Malawi." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19673.

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Patients who are critically ill get often admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). The majority of these patients require support with their breathing and are thus connected to a mechanical ventilator. One aspect to consider in the mechanically ventilated patient is endotracheal tube cuff pressure (ETT) management. The management of ETT cuff pressure entails that nurses working in ICUs have the responsibility of ensuring that ETT cuff pressure is kept within normal range of 20-30 cmH20 for the safety of the patients in order to avoid complication of over and under inflation. Poor management of ETT cuff pressure places the mechanically ventilated patients under risk of tracheal injury. Tracheal injury may also be caused by over or under inflation of the ETT cuff. Over inflation of the ETT cuff can lead to the occlusion of capillaries lining the trachea at the cuff site, tracheal stenosis, and can also lead to the death of mucus membranes around the area, just to mention a few. On the other hand, under inflation of the ETT cuff, can lead to air leaks as well as aspiration of gastric contents into the tracheal tree. Therefore, in order to maintain ETT cuff pressure within normal ranges, evidence-based guidelines related to the management of ETT cuff pressure should be used. However, in Malawi the management of endotracheal tube cuff pressure in mechanically ventilated adult patients by nurses in ICUs is not well explored and it is not clear whether this practice is based on evidence-based guidelines. Furthermore, strategies on how to implement evidence-based guidelines in the ICU might not be known and poorly defined because of the complexity of the context. The study is therefore aimed at implementing and evaluating the effect of an evidence-based guideline on the management of ETT cuff pressure in mechanically ventilated adult patients by nurses in ICUs in Malawi using active (printed educational materials and monitoring visits) and passive (printed educational materials only) implementation strategies. The research study used a quantitative approach with multi-designs. Four phases were used in order to achieve the four objectives that were set. Phase one was the pre-test and used a survey design, two was the expert panel review of the evidence-based guideline, three was the implementation of the reviewed evidence-based guideline using a randomised controlled trial design and phase four was the post-test which used a survey design. The RCT included 25 participants from the control and 27 from the intervention group. Each group had three ICUs of which one in each group was from a private hospital and the other were government. Data collection in phases one and four was by a hand delivered pre-and post-questionnaire. In phase two the expert panel members with experience in critical care used the AGREE II Instrument to review the evidence-based guideline that was implemented. In order to gather data during the monitoring visits, the researcher recorded field notes. The applications that were developed by the University statistician consultant using visual basic applications in excel were used to analyse data. Two different implementation strategies were used to implement the evidence-based guideline. The control group used passive implementation strategy which was printed educational materials thus the evidence-based guideline and algorithm. The intervention group used both active and passive implementation strategies which was the printed educational materials thus the evidence-based guideline and algorithm plus monitoring visits by the researcher. In order to establish the effect of the implemented evidence-based guideline on the nursing care practice for the management of endotracheal tube cuff pressure an evaluative posttest survey was conducted in phase four of the research study. The results revealed that the majority of participants had gaps in both groups regarding nursing care practice for the management of endotracheal tube cuff pressure for the mechanically ventilated adult patients in the pretest but improved in the posttest. In the control group 52% had very low knowledge score, 16% had low score, 28% average, and 4% high score while in the category of very high score there was nobody. However, in the posttest those in the very low score were only 44% while the percentage in the low score remained 16%. There was an improvement in the average scores in the posttest such that only 44% were in this category. There was no one in the high and very high score in the pretest. On the other hand, in the intervention group, 78% had a very low score, 9% low score, and 13% were in the category of average score, while in the high and very high score category there was zero percent in the pretest. However, there was also an improvement in the posttest such that only 44% a very low knowledge score. But 19% had a low score, there were 37% in the average category and no one was in the high and very high score. Statistical analysis revealed that the results were not significantly different between and within groups. Improvements were observed in the two groups regarding the scientific knowledge scores for the nursing care practices in the posttest. Upon qualitative analysis of the data from the open-ended question, two main themes emerged thus the need for documentation of endotracheal tube cuff and the process of implementation the evidence-based guidelines. Sub themes such as lack of documentation; no part of routine care and monitoring not done at all were identified under the main theme of the need for documentation of ETT cuff pressure. The Guideline itself need to be clear; implementation strategies; follow up; incentives; supervision; incentives; time factor; resources or equipment required for successful implementation; nurses buy-in critical for the implementation; training detrimental to EBP implementation; nurses attitude crucial to implementation of EBGs and knowledge of nurses for guideline essential for the implementation were the sub themes identified under the main theme of the process of implementing the evidence-based guideline. All appropriate ethical considerations such as principles of autonomy and self-determination, confidentiality and anonymity, voluntary participation, right to receive treatment, informed consent, were adhered to throughout the research study. The research study was unique in nature because it was the first of its kind in Malawi and it contributed to the awareness of the recommended practice for management of endotracheal tube cuff pressure in the ICUs in the country by implementing an evidence-based guideline. The unique contribution of the study is that it is a challenge to implement evidence-based guideline in poor and resource constraint countries like Malawi.
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Abud, Tania Mara Vilela [UNESP]. "Efeitos da pressão do balonete de tubos traqueais contendo ou não válvula reguladora de pressão sobre a mucosa traqueal, durante anestesia com óxido nitroso no cão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100147.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Justificativa: a hiperinsuflação do balonete do tubo traqueal, causada pela rápida difusão do óxido nitroso (N2O), pode determinar lesões traqueais. Objetivos: comparar as pressões de balonetes de tubos traqueais, contendo ou não válvula reguladora de pressão, durante anestesia com N2O e estudar as eventuais lesões da mucosa do segmento traqueal em contato com o balonete do tubo traqueal. Método: dezesseis cães foram submetidos à anestesia venosa com pentobarbital sódico e anestesia inalatória com N2O (1,5 L.min-1) e O2 (1,0 L.min -1). Os cães foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com o tubo traqueal utilizado: G1 (n=8) tubo traqueal convencional com balonete de baixa pressão (Portex Blue-Line, Inglaterra); G2 (n=8) tubo traqueal dotado de válvula reguladora de pressão de Lanz (Mallincrodt, EUA). Em ambos os grupos, a insuflação do balonete foi feita com ar até a pressão de 30 cm H2O. A medida da pressão do balonete foi realizada através de manômetro (Mallincrodt, EUA), antes e após 60, 120 e 180 minutos do início da...
Background: High endotracheal tube intracuff pressure caused by fast diffusion of nitrous oxide (N2O) may cause mucosal tracheal lesions. Objectives: We have studied the effects of endotracheal tubes intracuff pressures with or without pressure regulating valve on tracheal mucosa during anesthesia with N2O. Methods: Sixteen dogs were submitted to intravenous anesthesia with pentobarbital and inhalational anesthesia with N2O (1.5 L.min-¹) and O2 (1.0 L.min-¹). The dogs were randomly allocated to two groups according to the endotracheal tube: G1 (n=8) conventional endotracheal tube with low-pressure cuff (Portex Blue-line, England); G2 (n=8) endotracheal tube with pressure regulating valve of Lanz from Mallincrodt (USA). In both groups the cuff insufflation was done with air to adjust cuff pressure to 30 cm H2O. Intracuff pressure was measured using a manometer at zero (control) and 60, 120 and 180 minutes after inhation of the N2O. The animals were sacrificed and biopsy specimens from areas of the trachea in contact with the endotracheal cuff were... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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DiFranco, James Michael. "Minimal Occlusive Pressure with Cuffed Endotracheal Tubes: A Comparison of Two Different Techniques to Ensure a Tracheal Seal." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471012142.

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Books on the topic "Endotracheal tube"

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Fox, Grenville, Nicholas Hoque, and Timothy Watts. Practical procedures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703952.003.0020.

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This chapter provides detailed step-by-step descriptions of all the necessary practical procedures in neonatal care. It includes helpful hints and possible complications. Procedures covered include endotracheal intubation, blood sampling, vascular access, CSF sampling, exchange and dilutional transfusion, nasogastric and nasojejunal tube insertion, intercostal chest drain insertion, transurethral catheterization, and suprapubic aspiration of urine.
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Gore, Cheryl, Junzheng Wu, and C. Dean Kurth. Stridor after Extubation. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0066.

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Postextubation stridor arises from glottic and subglottic edema caused by ischemia of the tracheal mucosa from pressure by the endotracheal tube. Multiple risk factors have been described; preventive measures include appropriate tube sizing, air leak tests, administration of steroids, and smooth airway management techniques, such as atraumatic intubation. When stridor does occur, cool humidified air as well as racemic epinephrine may be used as treatment. The patient is safe for discharge once symptoms have dramatically improved and the window for potential “rebound effect” from racemic epinephrine has passed with no further stridor.
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Pasala, Sanjiv, Eylem Ocal, and Stephen M. Schexnayder. Procedures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0004.

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This chapter describes the most common invasive bedside procedures used to facilitate the treatment of critically ill infants and children. These procedures provide invasive monitoring, support organ function, deliver therapies, and aid in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The authors include the indications, equipment needed, the required technique, and complications that must be considered for endotracheal intubation, arterial and central venous catheter placement, tube thoracostomy, abdominal paracentesis, pericardiocentesis, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt tap.
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Sakezles, Christopher Thomas. Hybrid endotracheal tubes. 1998.

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Fox, Grenville, Nicholas Hoque, and Timothy Watts. Normal values, therapeutic drug levels, and useful formulae. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703952.003.0021.

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This chapter includes data on normal neonatal blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemistry values; normal neonatal haematology values; and therapeutic drug levels. Values given use SI units and notes are included to explain any changes expected with gestational and post-natal age, along with notes and references to greater detail in other relevant chapters. The importance of minor variance from locally used normal values is noted, along with local recommendations for therapeutic drug levels. Useful respiratory and biochemical physiological formulae are given, along with some used for routine practical procedures including tube length for endotracheal intubation and umbilical catheter length.
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Fox, Grenville, Nicholas Hoque, and Timothy Watts. Respiratory support. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703952.003.0008.

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This chapter includes sections on various modes of both invasive (i.e. via an endotracheal tube) and non-invasive respiratory support in neonates, including conventional ventilation, volume-targeted ventilation, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), nasal continuous positive airways pressure (nCPAP), nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV), and high and low-flow nasal cannula oxygen. There is also a brief section on the care of babies with a tracheostomy as well as management of babies requiring home oxygen. Reference is made to the most recent European Consensus Guidelines. A separate chapter on neonatal respiratory problems (Chapter 7) gives further detail on common lung pathologies requiring respiratory support in neonates.
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Lee, Richard. Pulse oximetry and capnography in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0073.

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The estimation of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and arterial carbon dioxide tension by capnography are vital monitoring techniques in critical care medicine, particularly during intubation, ventilation and transport. Equivalent continuous information is not otherwise available. It is important to understand the principles of measurement and limitations, for safe use and error detection. PETCO2 and oxygen saturation should be regularly checked against PaCO2 and co-oximeter SO2 obtained from the blood gas machine. The PECO2 trace informs endotracheal tube placement, ventilation, and blood flow to the lungs. It is essential their principles of estimation, the information gained and the traps in interpretation are understood.
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Tinch, Brian, David Martin, and Junzheng Wu. Cystic Fibrosis. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0018.

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Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder. The diagnosis should be suspected in an infant who has meconium ileus or infants presenting to the operating room with volvulus. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by frequent mucous plugging in the respiratory tract which may manifest as wheezing and frequent intermittent flare-ups of respiratory decompensation. Optimization of the affected child’s respiratory status prior to elective surgery is mandatory to prevent difficulty with intraoperative ventilation. While the laryngeal mask airway may be used for short procedures, the use of an endotracheal tube facilitates suctioning of the frequently inspissated secretions that accompany cystic fibrosis in order to optimize ventilation.
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Low, Aaron, and Andrew Pittaway. Neonatal Stridor. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0002.

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Stridor is a common pediatric and neonatal sign that can sometimes be associated with life-altering or even life-threatening consequences. In the neonatal population, it is often due to use of an endotracheal tube that is too small, laryngomalacia, and subglottic stenosis. Patients often present with co-existing neonatal comorbidities such as patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Management of these patients is often complex, requiring exquisite teamwork by otolaryngology surgeons and pediatric anesthesiologists. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology of neonatal stridor as well as its presentation. It describes the surgical approach and challenges to anesthetic management. Crisis situations including code situationse, neonatal resuscitation, and tracheostomy are reviewed.
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Ng, Ju-Mei. Airway Fire. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0023.

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Airway fires during tracheotomy are rare but potentially fatal events, which are preventable. There are many surgical procedures that place the patient at a higher risk for airway fires, identification of those procedures and the associated risk is the first step towards avoiding this deadly complication. In this chapter the fire triad, of which each of the three components is independently necessary for fire to occur is described. Operating room fire safety measures are reviewed, with emphasis on the management of airway fires. The immediate interventions during an airway fire are discussed, together with the dilemma of which method should be used to secure the airway after the endotracheal tube catches fire.
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Book chapters on the topic "Endotracheal tube"

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Sharma, Anuj, and Alan Weintraub. "Endotracheal Tube." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1304–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_25.

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Sharma, Anuj, and Alan Weintraub. "Endotracheal Tube." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_25-3.

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Sharma, Anuj. "Endotracheal Tube." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 954–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_25.

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Neth, Matthew, and Lori Stolz. "Endotracheal Tube Placement." In Manual of Austere and Prehospital Ultrasound, 211–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64287-7_16.

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Rabinovich, Joseph. "Endotracheal Tube Introducer (Bougie)." In Atlas of Emergency Medicine Procedures, 99–101. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2507-0_15.

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Doyle, D. John. "Pediatric Endotracheal Tube Selection (ETT)." In Computer Programs in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, 122–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3576-7_27.

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Brock-Utne, John G. "Case 4: Occluded Reinforced (Armored) Endotracheal Tube." In Near Misses in Pediatric Anesthesia, 11–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7040-3_4.

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Coppadoro, A., J. G. Thomas, and L. Berra. "Endotracheal Tube Biofilm and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia." In Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2013, 579–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35109-9_46.

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Brock-Utne, John G. "Case 21: Occluded Reinforced (Armored) Endotracheal Tube." In Case Studies of Near Misses in Clinical Anesthesia, 59–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1179-7_21.

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Brock-Utne, John G. "Case 45: Blood in the Endotracheal Tube." In Case Studies of Near Misses in Clinical Anesthesia, 129–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1179-7_45.

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Conference papers on the topic "Endotracheal tube"

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May, James, Justin Phillips, Saowrat Snidvongs, and Panayiotis Kyriacou. "The Sensing Endotracheal Tube." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856662.

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Wichakool, Warit, Brandon Pierquet, Keith Durand, Byron Hsu, Rob Sheridan, and Hongshen Ma. "Magnetic endotracheal tube imaging device." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649320.

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Hughes, Rickard S. "Fire in the hole: An endotracheal tube fire." In ILSC® 2003: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference. Laser Institute of America, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5056555.

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Wöllmer, Wolfgang, Andreas M. Sesterhenn, Anja-A. Duenne, and Jochen A. Werner. "Endotracheal tube fires in lasersurgery - New statistical evaluations." In ILSC® 2003: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference. Laser Institute of America, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5056556.

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Oto, Jun, Hideaki Imanaka, and Masaji Nishimura. "Effects Of Automatic Tube Compensation On Respiratory Workload In Used Endotracheal Tubes." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a3219.

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Hassan, Amgad A., Cahit A. Evrensel, and Peter E. Krumpe. "Interaction of Airflow With Viscoelastic Gel in Endotracheal Tubes." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2595.

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Abstract The clearance of mucus from endotracheal (ET) tubes by a simulated cough is studied experimentally. Cough is approximated as a pulse of 0.3-second duration. A viscoelastic gel, Locust Bean Gum (LBG)/Borax solution, is used as mucus simulant. The relationships between mucus rheology, tube diameter, clearance are examined. Tube diameters ranging from 6mm to 10mm are used in this study. The displacement of the mass center of the simulant drop (0.1 ml) is measured. Our investigation shows that, for the same average air speed in the ET tube, the displacement is increased with the decreasing diameter. The results also indicate that, although simulant with lower viscosity/elasticity ratio requires lower air velocity for initial movement of the simulant surface, its mass center moves a shorter distance compared to a simulant with higher viscosity/elasticity ratio if the air velocity is increased further.
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Micu, Lolita Brigida V., Joanne Cosare, and Ma Janeth Samson. ""Determination Of Time-Decay Of Endotracheal And Tracheal Tube Cuff"." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1699.

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Baker-Schreyer, Antonio, Wolfgang Bergler, Hans-Jochen Foth, Karl Hoermann, and Josef Ungemach. "Laser resistance and clinical application of a new endotracheal tube." In Photonics West '95, edited by R. Rox Anderson, Graham M. Watson, Rudolf W. Steiner, Douglas E. Johnson, Stanley M. Shapshay, Michail M. Pankratov, George S. Abela, et al. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.209114.

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Masapu, Dheeraj, and Sriganesh Kamath. "Comparision between suction above cuff endotracheal tube (SACETT) and standard endotracheal tube (SETT) on the incidence of the ventilator associated pneumonia in neuro ICU." In 15th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667520.

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Arellano, D., N. Montecinos, I. Ramírez, J. Olivares, and R. Cornejo. "Effect of the Kind of Endotracheal Suction Catheter, Positive End Expiratory Pressure Level and Endotracheal Suction Operational Pressure on the Leakage Past Endotracheal Tube Cuff." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a1646.

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Reports on the topic "Endotracheal tube"

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Dong, Wei, Wei Zhang, Jianxu Er, Jiapeng Liu, and Jiange Han. Lesser complications of laryngeal mask airway than endotracheal tubes in pediatric airway management: A review of literature and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0066.

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Review question / Objective: The relevant expert consensus has not pointed out which ventilation device is better during general anesthesia in the pediatric airway management for elective surgery. Condition being studied: We carried out a keyword search using the terms “layngeal mask, LMA, endotracheal tube, tracheal tube, children, pediatric, anesthesia, RCT, randomized controlled trials, randomized, elective surgery.” In general, searches are developed in MEDLINE in Ovid; Embase.com; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via the Wiley Interface; Web of Science Core Collection; PubMed restricting to records in the subset “as supplied by publisher” to find references that not yet indexed in MEDLINE; and Google Scholar. When available, these databases were searched using a combination of subject headings (such as MeSH) and filters (such as RCT). We reviewed references of included studies to identify relevant studies. We imposed no language or time restriction. The exact date of the database search is September 1, 2021.We carried out a keyword search using terms “layngeal mask, LMA, endotracheal tube, tracheal tube, children, pediatric, anesthesia, RCT, randomized controlled trials, randomized, elective surgery.”
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de Carvalho, Clístenes Crístian, Ioannis Kapsokalyvas, and Kariem El-Boghdadly. Second-generation supraglottic airways vs endotracheal tubes in adults undergoing abdominopelvic surgeries: a protocol for a systematic review with pairwise meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0041.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to compare second-generation supraglottic airways with endotracheal tubes for perioperative safety and quality of postoperative recovery as well as for ventilation performance and risk of pulmonary aspiration. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria will be as follows: randomized clinical trials; human patients aged ≥ 16 years undergoing abdominopelvic procedures under general anaesthesia from any population (e.g., general population, pregnant women, obese patients); data available on any outcome related to insertion performance (e.g., failed first attempt, failed insertion, and time to insertion), ventilation efficacy (e.g., leak pressure, leak fraction, and ventilation inadequacy), risk of regurgitation and aspiration (e.g., gastric insufflation, regurgitation, and aspiration), quality of postoperative recovery (e.g., sore throat, hoarseness, and postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV]), and major complications (e.g., laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and hypoxemia); and comparison between any second-generation SGA and an endotracheal tube. We will exclude: studies reported in a language that prevent us of extracting relevant information; outcomes with no objective data presented (i.e., effect sizes, measures of dispersion, frequency, etc.); and studies with contradictory data.
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Chang, Ke-Vin. Preoperative Lung Ultrasound for Confirmation of Double-lumen Endotracheal Tube for One Lung Ventilation: a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0021.

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Review question / Objective: The meta-analysis aims to investigate the performance of lung ultrasound for assessing the double-lumen tube position for one lung ventilation. Condition being studied: To examine the usefulness of ultrasound in the evaluation of the double-lumen tube position for one lung ventilation. Information sources: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases will be searched for the relevant studies without language restriction. Case reports, case series, conference abstracts, animal studies or those performed in laboratory settings will be excluded from the present meta-analysis.
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wu, yanshuo, Congcong Zhao, Kun Zhang, Meirong Sun, Peng Gao, Kangkang Shen, Yuhong Chen, Zhenjie Hu, and Yanling Yin. Effect of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Modification on the prevention of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0018.

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Seitz, Aaron, Alex Lentsch, Richard Branson, Erich Gulbins, Bryce Robinson, and Daniel Cox. Sphingosine Prevents Bacterial Adherence to Endotracheal Tubes: A Novel Mechanism to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012625.

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