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Journal articles on the topic 'Ends-in-view'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Roberts, L. "Chromosomes: the ends in view." Science 240, no. 4855 (1988): 982–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3368792.

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2

Scerri, Andy. "Ends in view: The capabilities approach in ecological/sustainability economics." Ecological Economics 77 (May 2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.02.027.

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3

De Geronimo, G. "In view of low-noise and low-power GaAs front-ends." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 410, no. 1 (1998): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(98)00192-2.

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4

Mathiasen, John Bang. "Doing product development activities: the role of experience and ends-in-view." International Journal of Innovation and Learning 22, no. 4 (2017): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijil.2017.087494.

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5

Mathiasen, John Bang. "Doing product development activities: the role of experience and ends-in-view." International Journal of Innovation and Learning 22, no. 4 (2017): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijil.2017.10008282.

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6

Mowles, Chris. "KEEPING MEANS AND ENDS IN VIEW-LINKING PRACTICAL JUDGEMENT, ETHICS AND EMERGENCE." Journal of International Development 24, no. 5 (2012): 544–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.2848.

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7

Ampudia de Haro, Fernando. "University Managerialism and Scientific Publication." Debats. Revista de cultura, poder i societat 4 (December 25, 2019): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28939/iam.debats-en.2019-4.

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The paper sets out a general approach to university Managerialism and its links with the scientific publication system. In an academic context, techniques and practices bearing on the management field include a specific view on why and how to publish, as well as what ends publication should serve. This work explores the discourse legitimising that view and reconstructs the behavioural and emotional human archetype it enshrines. The empirical materials used are the handbooks,guides and presentations targeting university staff with a view to boosting their publishing output. The paper ends with a critical assessment of the discourse and the archetype’s implications in semi-peripheral academic contexts in terms of the production of scientific knowledge.
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8

Martela, Frank. "Fallible Inquiry with Ethical Ends-in-View: A Pragmatist Philosophy of Science for Organizational Research." Organization Studies 36, no. 4 (2015): 537–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840614559257.

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9

Cammack, Daniela. "Aristotle’S Denial of Deliberation About Ends." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 30, no. 2 (2013): 228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000540.

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Although Aristotle stated that we do not deliberate about ends, it is widely agreed that he did not mean it. Eager to save him from implying that ends are irrational, scholars have argued that he did recognize deliberation about the specification of ends. This claim misunderstands Aristotle’s conceptions of both deliberation and ends. Deliberation is not the whole of reasoning: it is a subcategory concerning only practical matters within our power. Not deliberating about something thus does not preclude other forms of reflection on it, such as that involved in specification. Yet on Aristotle’s view, our ends are not in our power. They are generated not by individual choice but by nature, which in the case of human beings includes roles for both language and politics. Ends are thus beyond individual deliberation, though not beyond reason. This is no minor point. The claim that human beings can act rationally depends upon it.
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10

Hurst, Samantha, and Mike Conway. "Exploring Physician Attitudes Regarding Electronic Documentation of E-cigarette Use: A Qualitative Study." Tobacco Use Insights 11 (January 1, 2018): 1179173X1878287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179173x18782879.

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Background: In this article, we present qualitative work designed to explore physicians’ attitudes toward and knowledge of electronic cigarettes (or Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems—ENDS), particularly focusing on personal attitudes held by physicians regarding ENDS use, physician beliefs regarding the relative safety of ENDS, attitudes regarding the efficacy of ENDS as a smoking cessation tool, and how physicians’ document ENDS use in the electronic health record (EHR). Methods: We completed a total of 17 semistructured qualitative interviews with physicians in 4 different outpatient clinic locations. Clinics were selected with the goal of reaching patient panels across a diversity of socioeconomic and local geographic locations. Results: The findings from our qualitative analysis suggest that physicians feel uninformed about the long-term health risks of ENDS and believe that they lack the critical medical knowledge required for discussing ENDS with their patients who smoke. Although physician responses did not endorse the view that ENDS use is a safer alternative to combustible tobacco use, approximately one-third of our physician sample did not hold strong objections to ENDS usage. Physicians placed varying degrees of importance on the issue of ENDS documentation practices. Discussion: Three overarching themes were revealed from our analysis. These themes included (1) physicians’ attitudes regarding the use of ENDS for smoking cessation, (2) physicians’ guidance and advisement to patients in the use of ENDS for smoking cessation, and (3) current practices of clinical documentation of ENDS use in an EHR. Our qualitative results indicate that physicians in our study rarely screen patients for ENDS use, even for those patients who are both documented smokers and recipients of physician-led tobacco cessation counseling. However, most physicians agreed that the prospect of creating a structured data field specifically for the documentation of ENDS use within the EHR would result in the likelihood of increased screening and documentation of ENDS use patterns.
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11

Black, James. "Drugs from Emasculated Hormones: The Principle of Syntopic Antagonism." Bioscience Reports 24, no. 4-5 (2004): 302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10540-005-2736-5.

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12

Black, James. "Drugs from emasculated hormones: The principle of syntopic antagonism." Bioscience Reports 9, no. 3 (1989): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01114681.

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13

Li, Yachao, Robert T. Fairman, Victoria Churchill, David L. Ashley, and Lucy Popova. "Users’ Modifications to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Interviews with ENDS Enthusiasts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030918.

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Users’ modifications to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products could increase initiation, inhibit cessation, or change the toxicity of the product. This study aims to begin to identify consumers’ common ENDS modification behaviors. We conducted audio-recorded, in-depth one-on-one interviews with 13 adult ENDS users in the metropolitan Atlanta area, who self-reported extensive modification experience. Modifications to coils, batteries, and e-liquids were commonly mentioned. Participants indicated that users modified devices to produce large clouds, change levels of nicotine delivery, alter tastes of e-liquids, and experience different throat hits. Because manufacturers have changed product characteristics to be in line with consumer preferences, interviewees indicated that fewer users currently engage in modifications to coils and batteries compared to the more widespread practice a few years ago. Hobbyists continue to perform modifications and many users continue to misuse or abuse e-liquids, despite the view that fewer users currently alter their ENDS than in the past. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory actions that limit certain product characteristics may unintentionally increase the likelihood that users will once again make more extensive modifications to their products, and this should be considered as part of the FDA’s regulatory decision-making process.
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14

Noaparast, Khosrow Bagheri, and Mohammad Zoheir Bagheri Noaparast. "Action-Oriented Research in Education." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 29, no. 2 (2012): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v29i2.324.

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Comparative studies among cultures, particularly Western and Eastern ones, are vital and necessary. In this essay, we are presenting a comparison between Western and Islamic views. The focus of this study is on action-oriented educational research based on Charles Clark’s view as a more recent action-oriented view on educational research. The comparison between Clark’s view and the one we suggest that is inspired by the Islamic view of human action and shows that there are considerable commonalities between the two views as both of them avoid the mechanistic orientation and take human action into account. There are also differences between the two views regarding the distinction between fact and value, as well as the relation between means and ends in research.
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Noaparast, Khosrow Bagheri, and Mohammad Zoheir Bagheri Noaparast. "Action-Oriented Research in Education." American Journal of Islam and Society 29, no. 2 (2012): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v29i2.324.

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Comparative studies among cultures, particularly Western and Eastern ones, are vital and necessary. In this essay, we are presenting a comparison between Western and Islamic views. The focus of this study is on action-oriented educational research based on Charles Clark’s view as a more recent action-oriented view on educational research. The comparison between Clark’s view and the one we suggest that is inspired by the Islamic view of human action and shows that there are considerable commonalities between the two views as both of them avoid the mechanistic orientation and take human action into account. There are also differences between the two views regarding the distinction between fact and value, as well as the relation between means and ends in research.
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16

Scerri, Andy. "Erratum to “Ends in view: The capabilities approach in ecological/sustainability economics” [Ecol Econ 77 (2012) 7–10]." Ecological Economics 82 (October 2012): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.07.017.

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17

Innocenti, Nicolas, Monica Golumbeanu, Aymeric Fouquier d'Hérouël, et al. "Whole-genome mapping of 5′ RNA ends in bacteria by tagged sequencing: a comprehensive view inEnterococcus faecalis." RNA 21, no. 5 (2015): 1018–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.048470.114.

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18

Moss, Jessica. ">“Virtue Makes the Goal Right”: Virtue and Phronesis in Aristotle’s Ethics." Phronesis 56, no. 3 (2011): 204–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852811x575907.

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AbstractAristotle repeatedly claims that character-virtue “makes the goal right”, while Phronesis is responsible for working out how to achieve the goal. Many argue that these claims are misleading: it must be intellect that tells us what ends to pursue. I argue that Aristotle means just what he seems to say: despite putative textual evidence to the contrary, virtue is (a) a wholly non-intellectual state, and (b) responsible for literally supplying the contents of our goals. Furthermore, there are no good textual or philosophical reasons to reject this straightforward interpretation. Contrary to widespread opinion, Aristotle does not characterize Phronesis as supplying ends. Instead, its ethical import lies wholly in its ability to “determine the mean”. Moreover, because character involves non-rational cognition of the end as good, Aristotle can restrict practical intellect to deliberation without abandoning his anti-Humean view that we desire our ends because we find them good.
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19

Katz, Larissa. "Red Tape and Gridlock." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 23, no. 1 (2010): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900004835.

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This paper concerns the role of property theory in explaining why so many people around the world control their assets informally, without recourse to the state. According to one influential view, owners and their assets are driven to the informal sector because of deficiencies in the form of ownership on offer in the formal sphere. Where too many people have the power to veto the optimal use of a resource, we have a form of ownership, an anticommons, that is deficient. But this account of informality proceeds from an overly capacious theory of ownership. On this view, an owner’s position is incomplete if she lacks the requisite inputs for a project that represents the optimal use of an object. Further, a person counts as an “owner,” albeit one locked in an anticommons, merely if she has the power to block the ends that others are able to achieve with an object. I argue that this view of ownership leaves us unable to see that owners are in a radically different position vis-à-vis other owners with the same authority over an object than they are vis-à-vis the state or other non-owners who may be in a position to block an owner’s valuable ends. The integrity of the concept of the anticommons is undermined if we define it in terms of veto-power over the ends for which a resource is optimally suited.In this paper, I situate the concept of the anticommons within a larger theory of ownership as agenda-setting authority. Seen this way, what is important about an anticommons is its effect on an owner’s means rather than her ends. Whereas owners of private property are never guaranteed the ability to achieve their ends, owners in an anticommons are not even guaranteed the ability to exercise their very means, their agenda-setting authority. From this revised and much narrower concept of the anticommons, what follows is that talk of “gridlock” in the formal sphere makes sense just as a normative argument about the best distribution of ownership and regulatory authority rather than a conceptual argument rooted in the idea of ownership.
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20

Jessen, Michael, and Catherine Ringen. "Laryngeal features in German." Phonology 19, no. 2 (2002): 189–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675702004311.

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It is well known that initially and when preceded by a word that ends with a voiceless sound, German so-called ‘voiced’ stops are usually voiceless, that intervocalically both voiced and voiceless stops occur and that syllable-final (obstruent) stops are voiceless. Such a distribution is consistent with an analysis in which the contrast is one of [voice] and syllable-final stops are devoiced. It is also consistent with the view that in German the contrast is between stops that are [spread glottis] and those that are not. On such a view, the intervocalic voiced stops arise because of passive voicing of the non-[spread glottis] stops. The purpose of this paper is to present experimental results that support the view that German has underlying [spread glottis] stops, not [voice] stops.
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21

McKinley, William. "Organizational Theory Development: Displacement of Ends?" Organization Studies 31, no. 1 (2010): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840609347055.

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In this essay I argue that organization theory has witnessed a significant displacement of ends over the last 30 years. Whereas in the 1960s and 1970s the dominant goal of the discipline was achieving consensus on the validity status of theories, today the overriding goal appears to be development of new theory. Formerly new theory development was considered a means to the end of attaining consensus on theory validity, but was not the only activity deemed necessary to accomplish that goal. In addition, instrumental standardization and replication were viewed as important. The contemporary displacement of ends toward new theory development creates the paradox that organization theory today is both epistemologically simpler (in terms of the intellectual activity deemed desirable) and more complex theoretically than it was 30 years ago. I discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the displacement of ends toward new theory development in organization theory, and offer some possible remedies that are designed to reallocate priorities and resources toward the instrumentation, theory testing, and replication components of the research process. I also propose an agenda of future research in the history and sociology of organization science that would study the displacement of ends hypothesized here, with a view to improving our understanding of how organization theory has evolved and how its knowledge could be made more useful to managers.
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ZHANG, YONGXIANG. "CHARACTERIZING FRACTAL BASIN BOUNDARIES FOR PLANAR SWITCHED SYSTEMS." Fractals 25, no. 03 (2017): 1750031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x17500311.

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This paper is to introduce some analytical tools to characterize the properties of fractal basin boundaries for planar switched systems (with time-dependent switching). The characterizing methods are based on the view point of limit sets and prime ends. By constructing the auxiliary dynamical system, the fractal basin boundaries of planar switched systems can be proved if every diverging path in the basin of associated auxiliary system has the entire basin boundary as its limit set. Fractal property is also verified if every prime end that is defined in the basin of associated auxiliary system is a prime end of type 3 and all other prime ends are of type 1. Bifurcations of fractal basin boundary are investigated by analyzing what types of prime ends in the basin are involved. The fractal basin boundary of switched system is also described by the indecomposable continuum.
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23

Gillespie, Michael Allen. "The Question of the Examined Life." Review of Politics 80, no. 2 (2018): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670517001279.

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AbstractThis essay calls into question Zuckert's claim in Postmodern Platos that Strauss provides the best contemporary defense of the superiority of the philosophic life against the claims of Nietzsche and Heidegger that it leads to nihilism and despair. For her, Strauss persuasively draws on Plato, read through Alfarabi and Maimonides, to defend this view by showing that the philosopher understands the true ends of human life as a whole which is part of the whole, and thus provides a vision of the noblest, best, and most beautiful. I argue that this claim is implausible, that Strauss's Platonic vision of the ends of human life is obscure, and that even if correct, it does not offer an answer to the question of the relative value of these heterogenous ends, and thus does not demonstrate that the philosophic life is more worth living than any other form of life.
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Galitski, Timothy, and John R. Roth. "Pathways for Homologous Recombination Between Chromosomal Direct Repeats in Salmonella typhimurium." Genetics 146, no. 3 (1997): 751–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.3.751.

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Homologous recombination pathways probably evolved primarily to accomplish chromosomal repair and the formation and resolution of duplications by sister-chromosome exchanges. Various DNA lesions initiate these events. Classical recombination assays, involving bacterial sex, focus attention on double-strand ends of DNA. Sexual exchanges, initiated at these ends, depend on the RecBCD pathway. In the absence of RecBCD function, mutation of the sbcB and sbcC genes activates the apparently cryptic RecF pathway. To provide a more general view of recombination, we describe an assay in which endogenous DNA damage initiates recombination between chromosomal direct repeats. The repeats flank markers conferring lactose utilization (Lac+) and ampicillin resistance (ApR); recombination generates Lac-ApS segregants. In this assay, the RecF pathway is not cryptic; it plays a major role without sbcBC mutations. Others have proposed that single-strand gaps are the natural substrate for RecF-dependent recombination. Supporting this view, recombination stimulated by a double-strand break (DSB) in a chromosomal repeat depended on RecB function, not RecF function. Without RecBCD function, sbcBC mutations modified the RecF pathway and allowed it to catalyze DSB-stimulated recombination. Sexual recombination assays overestimate the importance of RecBCD and DSBs, and underestimate the importance of the RecF pathway.
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Gilbert, Scott F., and Sabine Brauckmann. "Fertilization Narratives in the Art of Gustav Klimt, Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo: Repression, Domination and Eros among Cells." Leonardo 44, no. 3 (2011): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00166.

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Fertilization narratives are powerful biological stories that can be used for social ends, and 20th-century artists have used fertilization-based imagery to convey political and social ideas. In Danae, Gustav Klimt used an esoteric stage of early human embryos to indicate successful fertilization and the inability of government repression to stifle creativity. In Man, Controller of the Universe, Diego Rivera painted a mural of a man controlling an ovulating ovary, depicting Trotsky's view that society will rationally regulate human fertilization. His former wife, Frida Kahlo, refuted this view in Moses: Nucleus of Creation, wherein she painted images of fertilization and embryo formation as the ultimate acts of erotic consummation and generation.
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Waterman-Storer, Clare M., and E. D. Salmon. "Actomyosin-based Retrograde Flow of Microtubules in the Lamella of Migrating Epithelial Cells Influences Microtubule Dynamic Instability and Turnover and Is Associated with Microtubule Breakage and Treadmilling." Journal of Cell Biology 139, no. 2 (1997): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.139.2.417.

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We have discovered several novel features exhibited by microtubules (MTs) in migrating newt lung epithelial cells by time-lapse imaging of fluorescently labeled, microinjected tubulin. These cells exhibit leading edge ruffling and retrograde flow in the lamella and lamellipodia. The plus ends of lamella MTs persist in growth perpendicular to the leading edge until they reach the base of the lamellipodium, where they oscillate between short phases of growth and shortening. Occasionally “pioneering” MTs grow into the lamellipodium, where microtubule bending and reorientation parallel to the leading edge is associated with retrograde flow. MTs parallel to the leading edge exhibit significantly different dynamics from MTs perpendicular to the cell edge. Both parallel MTs and photoactivated fluorescent marks on perpendicular MTs move rearward at the 0.4 μm/min rate of retrograde flow in the lamella. MT rearward transport persists when MT dynamic instability is inhibited by 100-nM nocodazole but is blocked by inhibition of actomyosin by cytochalasin D or 2,3-butanedione–2-monoxime. Rearward flow appears to cause MT buckling and breaking in the lamella. 80% of free minus ends produced by breakage are stable; the others shorten and pause, leading to MT treadmilling. Free minus ends of unknown origin also depolymerize into the field of view at the lamella. Analysis of MT dynamics at the centrosome shows that these minus ends do not arise by centrosomal ejection and that ∼80% of the MTs in the lamella are not centrosome bound. We propose that actomyosin-based retrograde flow of MTs causes MT breakage, forming quasi-stable noncentrosomal MTs whose turnover is regulated primarily at their minus ends.
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27

Schmitt, Frederick F. "Remarks on Conversation and Negotiated Collective Belief." ProtoSociology 35 (2018): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/protosociology2018355.

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Gilbert (1989) and Gilbert and Priest (2013) have argued that paradigmatic conversations involve a collectivity of the conversers who participate in the conversation, in the sense that the conversers put forth and negotiate proposals of propositions to be collectively believed by them. Here I explore the plausibility of this Negotiated Collective Belief (NCB) thesis. I begin by supporting a more basic claim, that the nature of conversation itself entails that a conversation always involves a collectivity of the conversers. I then endorse and supplement Gilbert and Priest’s argument for the NCB thesis. I trace resistance to the thesis to the view that collective belief plays no important role in two primary social ends of conversation, exchanging information and making personal connections. I concede that this is so, but I endorse the view (with roots in Taylor 1985) that collective belief does play an important role in a different primary social end of conversation, the creation of a public space of thought. Thus, the NCB thesis is supported by argument and contributes to an explanation of how conversation fulfills one of its primary social ends.
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NARVESON, JAN. "Social Contract: The Only Game in Town." Dialogue 55, no. 4 (2016): 695–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001221731600055x.

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David Gauthier once said that the social contract offers ‘the only game in town’ if we hope for a rational morality. I argue that he’s correct. Morality consists of rules notionally directed at everyone everywhere. Only individual people are rational, and they have varying interests. The social contract proposes principles that everyone would, in view of their social and environmental circumstances, agree to as constraining their separate pursuits of their ends. There is no other rational way to understand morals, and so it is indeed the only game in town.
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Hattab, Helen. "Descartes on the Eternal Truths and Essences of Mathematics: An Alternative Reading." Vivarium 54, no. 2-3 (2016): 204–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685349-12341319.

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René Descartes is neither a Conceptualist nor a Platonist when it comes to the ontological status of the eternal truths and essences of mathematics but articulates a view derived from Proclus. There are several advantages to interpreting Descartes’ texts in light of Proclus’ view of universals and philosophy of mathematics. Key passages that, on standard readings, are in conflict are reconciled if we read Descartes as appropriating Proclus’ threefold distinction among universals. Specifically, passages that appear to commit Descartes to a Platonist view of mathematical objects and the truths that follow from them are no longer in tension with the Conceptualist view of universals implied by his treatment of the eternal truths in the Principles of Philosophy. This interpretation also fits the historical evidence and explains why Descartes ends up with seemingly inconsistent commitments to divine simplicity and God’s efficient creation of truths that are not merely conceptually distinct from the divine essence.
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Stefański, Marian. "REGULATIONS OF FINANCIAL LAW AS REGARDS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 5, no. 1 (2019): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3239.

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The financial statement of the business unit ends the work of the accounting department giving a preliminary view of the company's operations. The numbers and data included in it should be a reliable way to include all operations during the financial year of a unit. Thanks to financial reporting it is possible to translate accounting data into information necessary to manage the company and its assessment by external recipients.
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Canning, Una P. "Public health ethics: a flawed view of Kant’s argument from autonomy." Journal of Public Health 42, no. 4 (2019): e477-e481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz164.

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ABSTRACT Background This work explores the concept of morality as self-governing autonomy that has its origins in Immanuel Kant’s ethics. It investigates how a mistaken view of Kant’s ethics underpins a strand of debate in public health policy that is used to justify individual responsibility for health and well-being. Method Literature review. Results Applying a mistaken view of Kant’s ethics to current day public health problems is inappropriate. The work discusses the social determinants of health and the call by some in the field to adopt a Kantian approach to tackle the problems of poor health resulting from lifestyle choices. Conclusion The paper ends by arguing for a public health policy that is grounded in collaboration and for the adoption of Health in All Policies (HiAP).
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Wood, Donna J., and Jeanne M. Logsdon. "Business Citizenship as Metaphor and Reality." Business Ethics Quarterly 18, no. 1 (2008): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq20081815.

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We argue that Néron and Norman’s article stops short of the point where it would truly advance our understanding of corporate citizenship. Their article, in our view, fosters normative confusion and displays significant gaps in logic. In addition, the large and useful literature on business-government relations has for the most part been overlooked by Néron and Norman, even though their article ends with an enthusiastic call for scholarly attention to this subject.
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Maser, Richard S., Kwok-Kin Wong, Erguen Sahin, et al. "DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit Is Not Required for Dysfunctional Telomere Fusion and Checkpoint Response in the Telomerase-Deficient Mouse." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 6 (2006): 2253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01354-06.

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ABSTRACT Telomeres are key structural elements for the protection and maintenance of linear chromosomes, and they function to prevent recognition of chromosomal ends as DNA double-stranded breaks. Loss of telomere capping function brought about by telomerase deficiency and gradual erosion of telomere ends or by experimental disruption of higher-order telomere structure culminates in the fusion of defective telomeres and/or the activation of DNA damage checkpoints. Previous work has implicated the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway as a critical mediator of these biological processes. Here, employing the telomerase-deficient mouse model, we tested whether the NHEJ component DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) was required for fusion of eroded/dysfunctional telomere ends and the telomere checkpoint responses. In late-generation mTerc − / − DNA-PKcs − / − cells and tissues, chromosomal end-to-end fusions and anaphase bridges were readily evident. Notably, nullizygosity for DNA Ligase4 (Lig4)—an additional crucial NHEJ component—was also permissive for chromosome fusions in mTerc − / − cells, indicating that, in contrast to results seen with experimental disruption of telomere structure, telomere dysfunction in the context of gradual telomere erosion can engage additional DNA repair pathways. Furthermore, we found that DNA-PKcs deficiency does not reduce apoptosis, tissue atrophy, or p53 activation in late-generation mTerc − / − tissues but rather moderately exacerbates germ cell apoptosis and testicular degeneration. Thus, our studies indicate that the NHEJ components, DNA-PKcs and Lig4, are not required for fusion of critically shortened telomeric ends and that DNA-PKcs is not required for sensing and executing the telomere checkpoint response, findings consistent with the consensus view of the limited role of DNA-PKcs in DNA damage signaling in general.
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LYDON, GHISLAINE. "SAHARAN OCEANS AND BRIDGES, BARRIERS AND DIVIDES IN AFRICA'S HISTORIOGRAPHICAL LANDSCAPE." Journal of African History 56, no. 1 (2015): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185371400070x.

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AbstractBased on a broad assessment of the scholarship on North-Western Africa, this article examines Saharan historiography with a particular view towards understanding how and why historians have long represented the continent as being composed of two ‘Africas’. Starting with the earliest Arabic writings, and, much later, French colonial renderings, it traces the epistemological creation of a racial and geographic divide. Then, the article considers the field of African studies in North African universities and ends with a review of recent multidisciplinary research that embraces a trans-Saharan approach.
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35

Lin, Szu-Yen. "A Dilemma for Modest Actual Intentionalism." British Journal of Aesthetics 60, no. 2 (2020): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesthj/ayz059.

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Abstract Modest actual intentionalism is a major position on interpretation in contemporary analytic aesthetics. The position consists of a disjunctive formulation according to which work-meaning is determined by the author’s intention when such intention succeeds or by non-intentionalistic factors when it fails. I challenge the disjunctive view by presenting a constructive dilemma, the conclusion being that modest actual intentionalism ends up either making non-intentionalistic factors idle or making authorial intent superfluous.
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36

Tsymbalyuk, Zoya M., Sergei L. Mosyakin, and Lyudmila M. Nitsenko. "Taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in Succisa and Succisella." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 55, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2019-0010.

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Abstract Pollen morphology of representatives of the genera Succisa and Succisella in the flora of Ukraine was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains in both taxa were tricolpate, prolate, rarely oblate-spheroidal or spheroidal; large-sized. Their outline in polar view was subcircular, rarely trilobate, in equatorial view elliptical or rarely circular. Colpi short, of variable width, margins irregular with distinct, narrow margo, and blunt or acute ends. Exine sculpture was echinate-microechinate. The revealed characteristics of pollen grains are taxonomically significant at the generic and specific levels, and they can be used in pollen analysis. Palynomorphological data are consistent with the results of recent molecular phylogenetic studies. Data on pollen morphology also confirm taxonomic circumscription of Succiseae V. Mayer & Ehrend. Pollen grains in Succiseae are characterized by a tricolpate aperture type, which was probably ancestral in Dipsacaceae s. str.
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37

Söderholm, Patrik. "Environmental Policy in Transition Economies: Will Pollution Charges Work?" Journal of Environment & Development 10, no. 4 (2001): 365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10704965-0101004-04.

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Many economists and analysts claim that extended use of pollution charges in environmental policy will have substantial efficiency advantages in transition economies. This article challenges this view and argues instead that the proposed policy presumes the existence of an already-functioning institutional framework. By focusing on the Russian case, the article discusses a number of reasons why it is difficult to implement pollution charges in an economic system in which Communist behavioral patterns and jurisdictions are still prevalent. The article identifies a number of institutional obstacles related both to enterprise behavior and to environmental regulation and enforcement. These obstacles suggest that it is appropriate to view environmental problems in transition economies primarily as the results of institutional inertia in the economic and political systems. The article ends by discussing alternative ways of controlling pollution in Russia and stresses the importance of improving the legitimacy and basic trust for environmental legislation.
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Bajaj, Sameer. "The weight of fairness." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 18, no. 4 (2019): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x19851162.

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Many philosophers argue that individuals have duties to do their fair shares of the demands of achieving important common ends. But what happens when some individuals fail to do their fair shares? Are the remaining duty bearers required to take up the slack? The most prominent view, Fair Shares, holds that individuals are never required to take up the slack. But this view has counterintuitive implications; in many cases, it would show callous disregard not to take up the slack to help those in dire need. The central alternative, Slack-Taking, holds that considerations of fairness have no bearing in determining whether individuals are required to take up the slack. But this view fails to capture the practical importance of fairness in nonideal circumstances. I defend an alternative view, Weighing, according to which individuals properly weigh the value of fairness against the value of taking up the slack in determining whether they are all-things-considered required to take up the slack. While this view has been suggested before in the literature, I develop it by clarifying its structure and underlying rationale and defending it against important recent objections.
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39

van Dijk, Ludger. "Psychology in an Indeterminate World." Perspectives on Psychological Science 16, no. 3 (2021): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691620958005.

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By sharing their world, humans and other animals sustain each other. Their world gets determined over time as generations of animals act in it. Current approaches to psychological science, by contrast, start from the assumption that the world is already determined before an animal’s activity. These approaches seem more concerned with uncertainty about the world than with the practical indeterminacies of the world humans and nonhuman animals experience. As human activity is making life increasingly hard for other animals, this preoccupation becomes difficult to accept. This article introduces an ecological approach to psychology to develop a view that centralizes the indeterminacies of a shared world. Specifically, it develops an open-ended notion of “affordances,” the possibilities for action offered by the environment. Affordances are processes in which (a) the material world invites individual animals to participate, while (b) participation concurrently continues the material world in a particular way. From this point of view, species codetermine the world together. Several empirical and methodological implications of this view on affordances are explored. The article ends with an explanation of how an ecological perspective brings responsibility for the shared world to the heart of psychological science.
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Brennan-Marquez, Kiel, and Vincent Chiao. "Algorithmic Decision-Making When Humans Disagree on Ends." New Criminal Law Review 24, no. 3 (2021): 275–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2021.24.3.275.

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Which interpretive tasks should be delegated to machines? This question has become a focal point of “tech governance” debates. One familiar answer is that while machines are capable of implementing tasks whose ends are uncontroversial, machine delegation is inappropriate for tasks that elude human consensus. After all, if human experts cannot agree about the nature of a task, what hope is there for machines? Here, we turn this position around. When humans disagree about the nature of a task, that should be prima facie grounds for machine delegation, not against it. The reason has to do with fairness: affected parties should be able to predict the outcomes of particular cases. Indeterminate decision-making environments—those in which human disagree about ends—are inherently unpredictable in that, for any given case, the distribution of likely outcomes will depend on a specific decision maker’s view of the relevant end. This injects an irreducible dynamic of randomization into the decision-making process from the perspective of non-repeat players. To the extent machine decisions aggregate across disparate views of a task’s relevant ends, they promise improvement on this specific dimension of predictability. Whatever the other virtues and drawbacks of machine decision-making, this gain should be recognized and factored into governance. The essay has two parts. In the first, we draw a distinction between determinacy and certainty as epistemic properties and fashioning a taxonomy of decision types. In the second part, we bring the formal point alive through a case study of criminal sentencing.
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41

Fadlalla Ali, Elsadig Hussein. "The Development of the Sudanese Novel from 1948 - 2010." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 5923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2005.

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This study is a chronological detection for the development of the Sudanese novel from 1948 to 2010 and its different stages. In this study the author depends on Dirdeeri’s (2007) classification of the Sudanese novels into three stages in addition to Khidir’s (2010) point of view about the nineties period; that is by discussing the different characteristics of each period and the famous writers during that period; then the paper ends with a brief description of the style of Sudanese novel
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42

Lewis, John M. "Roots of Ensemble Forecasting." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 7 (2005): 1865–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr2949.1.

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Abstract The generation of a probabilistic view of dynamical weather prediction is traced back to the early 1950s, to that point in time when deterministic short-range numerical weather prediction (NWP) achieved its earliest success. Eric Eady was the first meteorologist to voice concern over strict determinism—that is, a future determined by the initial state without account for uncertainties in that state. By the end of the decade, Philip Thompson and Edward Lorenz explored the predictability limits of deterministic forecasting and set the stage for an alternate view—a stochastic–dynamic view that was enunciated by Edward Epstein. The steps in both operational short-range NWP and extended-range forecasting that justified a coupling between probability and dynamical law are followed. A discussion of the bridge from theory to practice follows, and the study ends with a genealogy of ensemble forecasting as an outgrowth of traditions in the history of science.
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Jaffary, Nora E. "Maternity and Morality in Puebla's Nineteenth-Century Infanticide Trials." Law and History Review 39, no. 2 (2021): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248020000292.

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The criminal trials of twenty-seven women processed for the crimes of abortion and infanticide in the state of Puebla, Mexico during the nineteenth century reveal both community and state perspectives about contemporary notions of gender, motherhood, and honor. This paper argues that while there was an increase in both denunciations and convictions for these crimes in the nineteenth century, women's peers acted as reluctant participants in their incrimination. Both local and higher court justices convicted women more frequently for abortion and infanticide than they had done in the colonial era, but nonetheless sentenced them with considerable leniency. Some of the explanation for their leniency lay in court officials' view that indigenous women, who constituted a considerable percentage of the defendants, were too “rustic” or “ignorant” to be held responsible for their actions. The cases also reveal, however, that courts and communities shared the view that any means–including committing violent crimes or hiding pregnancies–justified the ends of protecting plebeian women's reputation of sexual honor.
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44

Sadek, Adel W., and Charles Mark. "Modular Artificial Neural Networks for Solving the Inverse Transportation Planning Problem." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1836, no. 1 (2003): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1836-06.

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Because major capacity-expansion projects are very unlikely in the coming years, transportation planners need to view the existing infrastructure as fixed and to start thinking about how much development the current system can sustain. This line of thinking, which involves deriving land use limits from infrastructure capacity, requires solving the inverse of the typical transportation planning problem. Modular artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed for solving the inverse transportation planning problem. ANNs were designed to predict zonal trip ends, given the traffic volumes on the links of the transportation network. Computational experiments were performed to study the effect on ANN accuracy of three factors: transportation network size, variability in training data, and ANN topology. ANNs were shown to be quite capable of capturing the relationship between link volumes and zonal trip ends for both small and medium-sized transportation networks and for degrees of variability in the training data. Modular ANNs with one or two hidden layers appeared to outperform other ANN topologies.
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45

Salomon, Gavriel. "AI in Reverse: Computer Tools That Turn Cognitive." Journal of Educational Computing Research 4, no. 2 (1988): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4lu7-vw23-egb1-aw5g.

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This article posits artificial intelligence (AI), as applied in instruction, is a more efficient means to old ends and that newer ends can be thought of. In particular, it is argued on the basis of some past research and on the basis of a Vygotskian view, that intelligent computer tools can not only simulate human cognition but, given specific conditions, humans can simulate computer's intelligence. That is, learners can internalize computers' intelligent tools and use them as cognitive ones. Internalization is discussed in terms of cognitive reconstruction of cultural artifacts of particular characteristics — tool-like nature, relative novelty of function, compatibility with learners' schemata, and most importantly — explicitness of operation. The article also discusses learning conditions that might facilitate the process of tool internalization, particularly “high road” learning whereby learners are intentionally mindful of a tool's mode of operation and logic. A preliminary study is briefly described showing that children are capable of internalizing the metacognitive guidance provided by a semi-intelligent Reading Aid and that they show evidence of internalizing the tool's “intelligence” thereby manifesting improved reading comprehension as well as improved essay writing. Four fundamental questions are raised for future research as well as questions of ethics.
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Bjerregaard, Ann Dystrup. "Vestiges of Humanity: An Examination of the Interrelation between Childhood and Posthumanity in Shade’s Children." Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/lev.v0i2.104692.

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Western children's literature has traditionally been dominated by liberal humanism, which stresses the centrality and inviolability of the human subject. Recently, though, some speculative novels for young adults have begun to question this notion of humanity following posthumanist thinking. This article examines the post-apocalyptic YA-novel Shade's Children and investigates what view of humanity it offers and how it ties this view up with its representation of children, childhood and the concept of innocence. It is argued that although the novel undermines bodily definitions of humanity in favour of a posthuman inclusiveness, it ultimately ends up tying the idea of humanity to liberal humanist notions of cherishing the innocence of children and protecting those weaker than oneself. The novel centres on a nostalgia for the myth of innocence, which, while acknowledging the heroism and agency of its adolescent characters, also stresses the value of freedom from responsibility.
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Shaw, Bill. "Community: A Work in Progress." Business Ethics Quarterly 8, no. 4 (1998): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857546.

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Abstract:Professor Ian Maitland advances a version of utilitarianism, constrained by Robert Nozick’s minimal state, that finds no connection between the pervasiveness of “market values,” which he gamely pursues, and the kind of problems that dominate our social scene. In his judgment, the prevailing tendency towards community or communitarian ends needlessly obstructs freedom, the overriding value of the libertarian-minimal state. When coupled with wrongheaded and perverse policies, communitarianism shackles the free market with crippling inefficiencies. This paper will interrogate Maitland’s characterization of communitarianism, challenge his view that traditional values can be instrumentalized without harming community, and paint a more plausible and complex picture of the communitarian tendency.
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Hamilton, M. G., T. T. Herskovits, and J. S. Wall. "Radial mass analysis of unstained STEM images of molluscan hemocyanins." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (1990): 810–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100161618.

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The hemocyanins of molluscs are aggregates of a cylindrical decameric subparticle that assembles into di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and larger multi-decameric particles with masses that are multiples of the 4.4 Md decamer. Electron micrographs of these hemocyanins typically show the particles with two profiles: circular representing the cylinder viewed from the end and rectangular representing the side-view of the hollow cylinder.The model proposed by Mellema and Klug from image analysis of a didecameric hemocyanin with the two decamers facing one another with collar (closed) ends outward fits the appearance of side-views of the negatively-stained cylinders. These authors also suggested that there might be caps at the ends. In one of a series of transmission electron microscopic studies of molluscan hemocyanins, Siezen and Van Bruggen supported the Mellema-Klug model, but stated that they had never observed a cap component. With STEM we have tested the end cap hypothesis by direct mass measurements across the end-views of unstained particles.
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Santos, Ana Lúcia. "A pontuação: do ensino à avaliação." Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, no. 6 (November 25, 2019): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln6ano2019a7.

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This paper explores the relevancy of punctuation as a key element establishing a connection between grammar and writing instruction. It explores common conceptions of punctuation, which connect the use of the comma to prosody, contrasting it with present rules for Portuguese, which assume a syntactic definition of the contexts in which a comma should be used or must be avoided. The paper shows that teachers working with different grades show distinct awareness levels of the relevance of syntax in the field of punctuation. In general, low awareness concerning this association results in a holistic view of punctuation instruction. We explore to what extent the national curriculum and national exams reflect this holistic view. The text ends with a positive note, summarizing recent advances in national exams, which will certainly impact on teaching practices.
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Joaquin, Jeremiah Joven, and Jose Emmanuel Agregado. "GROUNDING LOGIC: A REPLY TO SHENEFELT AND WHITE." Think 17, no. 49 (2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175618000052.

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In ‘What on Earth is Logic?’, Michael Shenefelt and Heidi White offer this observation about the nature of logic: ‘If one tries to justify logic logically, one ends up arguing in a circle’. From this, they conclude that ‘logic is a horizon beyond which none of our earnest self-reflecting arguments can help us see’. While there is much to appreciate in how they developed this idea, there are several worrying points that could still be raised against their view. In this article, we outline such problems.
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