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1
Bolton, Phoebe. "Government procurement as a policy tool in south africa." Journal of Public Procurement 6, no. 3 (March 2006): 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-06-03-2006-b001.
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Letseka, Moeketsi. "Government Incentivization of Partnerships in South Africa." Industry and Higher Education 19, no. 2 (April 2005): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000053729798.
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Worldwide, innovation policy is perceived to be at the heart of economic growth and global competitiveness, and nations invest vast amounts of money to give effect to innovation. Higher education institutions, in partnership with industry, are expected to play a key role in supporting the national system of innovation and developing the nation's global competitiveness. This paper draws on the audit of higher education-industry partnerships conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) of South Africa during 2002–03. It plots the South African government's programme of incentives for industry-higher education partnerships through two funding programmes: the Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP) and the Innovation Fund. It argues that, notwithstanding considerable outputs, such as publications, patents/artefacts and the involvement of postgraduate students, it is vital that the incentivization of higher education-industry partnerships is managed in such a way that past relations of inequality among higher education institutions and in the broader society are not reproduced.
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Thomson, Alex. "Incomplete Engagement: Reagan's South Africa policy Revisited." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 1 (March 1995): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00020863.
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Events in Southern Africa during the early 1990s have re-opened a debate over the effectiveness of the Reagan Administration's policy of ‘Constructive Engagement’. This was a controversy that had previously been laid to rest with the US Congress passing its Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act in October 1986, since the ensuing punitive sanctions imposed by the enactment of this legislation scuttled Ronald Reagan's strategy of using friendly persuasion to encourage the South African Government away from its practice of apartheid. Yet, with hindsight, it may appear that the President's method of drawing the Pretoria regime into the international community, through offering recognition and encouragement in exchange for reform, has been triumphantly vindicated. After all, has not the African National Congress (ANC) come to power via a democratic process, thereby avoiding a bloodbath on the scale that so many had predicted?
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Adelakun, Ojo Johnson, and Karima Yousfi. "Monetary Policy Shocks and Macroeconomic Fundamentals in South Africa." Emerging Economies Cases Journal 2, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516604220919117.
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This South African case study controls for the fiscal side of the economy using government borrowing as a potential accelerator of asymmetry in a monetary function that follows Taylor’s rule. Through the linear and non-linear ARDL framework, we find significant asymmetry effects of monetary policy on output and inflation, respectively. We also find government borrowing as an important underlying source of asymmetries in the response of macroeconomic fundamentals to monetary policy shocks in South Africa. Thus, we recommend that monetary authorities consider not only the effectiveness or otherwise of monetary policy instruments to affect the target policy goals, but also the fact that not all the target variables react in a similar way to expansionary and contractionary monetary policy shocks.
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Bernsten, Jan. "English in South Africa." Language Problems and Language Planning 25, no. 3 (December 31, 2001): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.25.3.02ber.
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In a departure from language policy in most other African countries, the 1996 South African Constitution added nine indigenous languages to join English and Afrikaans as official languages. This policy was meant to provide equal status to the indigenous languages and promote their use in power domains such as education, government, media and business. However, recent studies show that English has been expanding its domains at the expense of the other ten languages. At the same time, the expanded use of English has had an impact on the varieties of English used in South Africa. As the number of speakers and the domains of language use increase, the importance of Black South African English is also expanding. The purpose of this paper is to analyze current studies on South African Englishes, examining the way in which expanded use and domains for BSAE speakers will have a significant impact on the variety of English which will ultimately take center stage in South Africa.
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Angumuthoo, Maryanne, Derek Lotter, and Shakti Wood. "Public Interest in Mergers: South Africa." Antitrust Bulletin 65, no. 2 (March 24, 2020): 312–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x20912882.
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In the pursuit of national policy objectives aimed at social and economic welfare for all South Africans, South African competition authorities have to use competition policy to achieve industrial policy goals through the implementation of public interest provisions in the Competition Act No. 89 of 1998. The recent amendments to the legislation further bolster these broader policy objectives. This issue of the Antitrust Bulletin examines the history, development, and impact of public interest considerations in merger proceedings through an analysis of seminal cases and key legislative reforms. Public interest considerations constitute a significant component to the merger review process and may involve interests represented by the competition authorities, government and employees, trade unions, and other affected third parties.
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Anne Sere, Kebitsamang, and Ireen Choga. "The causal and cointegration relationship between government revenue and government expenditure." Public and Municipal Finance 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.06(3).2017.03.
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This study determines the causal relationship that exists between government revenue and government expenditure in South Africa. The study employed annual time series data from the year 1980 to 2015 taken from the South African Reserve Bank. The Johansen multivariate method was employed to test for co-integration and for causality the Vector Error Correction/Granger causality test was employed. The empirical results suggest that there is a long-run relation-ship between government revenue and government expenditure. The causality result suggests that there is no causality between government revenue and government expenditure in South Africa. Thus, policy makers in the short run should determine government revenue and government expenditure of South Africa independently when reducing the budget deficit.
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Maumbe, Blessing Mukabeta. "Mobile Agriculture in South Africa." International Journal of ICT Research and Development in Africa 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jictrda.2010040103.
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The rapid diffusion of mobile and wireless technologies is transforming agricultural development globally. In South Africa, rural e-government service delivery has been hampered by low Internet penetration. Mobile government offers a promising alternative to deliver public services to remote rural communities. In this regard, the author examines the potential of mobile and wireless technologies to deliver value-added services to rural communities in South Africa. An implementation framework comprising a multi-functional agro-portal and mobile agriculture services is proposed. The benefits and barriers of using mobile and wireless technologies in rural areas are examined, while key considerations and policy implications for mobile agriculture are discussed. The author advocates the development of “value-based” and “demand-driven” mobile agriculture services for the future growth and survival of mobile agriculture, which requires greater competition among service providers, use of multi-lingual e-content, integration of indigenous knowledge, mobile agriculture curriculum, mobile cyber-security, and customized value-added services for rural communities.
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Phago, Kedibone. "INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS AND HOUSING POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN SOUTH AFRICA." Politeia 33, no. 2 (October 20, 2016): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/1778.
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Housing policy in South Africa requires that government departments at different spheres coordinate their activities to facilitate the provision of housing. This coordination is imperative because without such, effective housing provision remains compromised. The question that this paper raises is: whither intergovernmental relations (IGR) for housing policy implementation in South Africa? From this question it is clear that the nature of this discussion is conceptual as it seeks to engage on the institutional IGR model of public housing delivery. This question is raised in this paper because a system that ties activities of different spheres of government is necessary to realise housing policy implementation outcomes. However, in responding to this question several issues receive attention: Firstly, a broader view on a social contract as well as establishing public institutions to facilitate public service delivery.Secondly, intergovernmental relations and housing which consider the nature of IGR system in place, while arguing that this system is not viable for housing delivery. Thirdly, while the municipal accreditation system has been introduced, it remains complex and costly in addressing housing delivery challenges. In the final analysis, this paper argues for a constitutional amendment which would allow housing to become a functional competency of municipalities similar to other human settlements components such as roads constructions, electricity, sanitation and clean drinking water.
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Tomlinson, R., and J. Hyslop. "Industrial Decentralisation and Regional Policy in South Africa." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 18, no. 8 (August 1986): 1077–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a181077.
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The South African space economy has recently undergone a restructuring in terms of the formation of development regions which cross Bantustan borders, the creation of regional financial and administrative institutions, and the implementation of an extraordinarily expensive industrial decentralisation scheme. In this paper the authors both describe these changes and set out to explain them. It is argued that the state is currently embarked on a regional or federalist ‘reform initiative’. Reform is taken to mean an authoritarian restructuring of the state on a less overtly racist basis. At present, for example, Regional Services Councils or revised forms of metropolitan government are being instituted. For the restructuring to be ‘successful’, however, coincident changes in the distribution of economic activity are necessary. As a result there is a critical relationship between the political—economic intentions of the state and regional economic policy.
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Handley, Antoinette. "The New South Africa, a Decade Later." Current History 103, no. 673 (May 1, 2004): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2004.103.673.195.
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What has changed has been unexpected: the politics of the country have stabilized with astonishing speed…; [the ANC government] has implemented a conservative macroeconomic policy; and an epidemic has emerged as the single greatest threat to stability and prosperity.
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Harris, HC, and DLW Krueger. "Implementing energy efficiency policy in housing in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 16, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2005/v16i3a3114.
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The Thermal Insulation Association of South Africa (TIASA) is supporting government measures to promote energy efficiency in South African buildings. The research document titled: ‘New standards of thermal design to provide comfort and energy efficiency in South African housing’, has been adopted by TIASA, and details an objective basis for a standard. The S.A.N.S. 283 titled: ‘Energy efficiency for naturally ventilated buildings’ has as its premise, the same assumptions and methodologies as the research document. The provision of comfort in all housing in South Africa, including the problematic 30/36 m2 subsidy house – can be a reality with the proposals.
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Jansen van Vuuren, Joey, Louise Leenen, Jackie Phahlamohlaka, and Jannie Zaaiman. "An Approach to Governance of CyberSecurity in South Africa." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 2, no. 4 (October 2012): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2012100102.
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A government has the responsibility to provide, regulate and maintain national security, which includes human security for its citizens. Recent declarations from the UK and USA governments about setting up cybersecurity organisations and the appointment of cyber czars reflect a global recognition that the Internet is part of the national critical infrastructure that needs to be safeguarded and protected. Although the South African government approved a draft National Cyber Security Policy Framework in March 2012, the country still needs a national cybersecurity governance structure in order to effectively control and protect its cyber infrastructure. Whilst various structures have been established to deal with cybersecurity in South Africa, they are inadequate and implementation of the policy is still in the very early stages. Structures need to be in place to set the security controls and policies and also to govern their implementation. It is important to have a holistic approach to cybersecurity, with partnerships between business, government and civil society put in place to achieve this goal. This paper investigates different government organisational structures created for the control of national cybersecurity in selected countries of the world. The main contribution is a proposed approach that South Africa could follow in implementing its proposed cybersecurity policy framework, taking into account the challenges of legislation and control of cybersecurity in Africa, and in particular, in South Africa.
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Banerjee, Indrajit, Jared Robinson, Brijesh Sathian, and Edwin R. Van Teijlingen. "South Africa and its COVID-19 prohibition predilection." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v10i3.31543.
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The year 2020, will forever be marked by the Global pandemic, COVID-19. According to The Department of Health in South Africa until September 15, 2020 3,940,217 tests have been conducted. 651,521 positive cases have been identified, 583,126 recoveries have been reported and there has been a total of 15641 deaths. The South African government have introduced a range of parameters and laws in order to curb the spread of the virus whilst simultaneously endorsing programs to spearhead the preparedness of the healthcare system for the various waves of COVID-19 cases that have been forecast. In conjunction with the new laws and regulations, the South African Government has exercised lockdown and restriction of movement policies. South Africa’s unique, multifaceted and strategic method of combatting the coronavirus has proven to be effective in using existing resources and redirecting both manpower and personnel, thus being of great benefit to all stakeholders and citizens within the country. The prohibition of alcohol is a unique method employed by the government, the full extent to which this policy reform has benefitted the country, its government and its citizens is yet to be fully calculated and projected as South Africa’s Coronavirus cases are still increasing on a daily basis. This policy reform will likely find itself becoming a popular trend with crisis management protocols of other countries if the long-term benefits thereof are proven to be true.
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Nel, Etienne, and Tony Binns. "Initiating 'Developmental Local Government' in South Africa: Evolving Local Economic Development Policy." Regional Studies 35, no. 4 (June 2001): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713693816.
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Binns, Etienne Nel, Tony. "Initiating 'Developmental Local Government' in South Africa: Evolving Local Economic Development Policy." Regional Studies 35, no. 4 (June 1, 2001): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400123108.
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Chitiga, Margaret, Ismael Fofana, and Ramos Mabugu. "The poverty implications of high oil prices in South Africa." Environment and Development Economics 17, no. 3 (February 3, 2012): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x11000428.
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AbstractAn energy-focused macro-micro approach is used to assess the poverty implications of government policy response to increases in international oil prices in South Africa. The first scenario assumes that increases in international oil prices are passed on to end users with no changes in government policy instruments. In this scenario, poverty indicators increase. The second scenario assumes that the world price increases are nullified by a price subsidy by the government. This scenario still leads to an increase in poverty as the beneficial price effect is cancelled out by a decline in households’ income induced by the financing method used. While revenue generated from a 50 per cent tax on windfall profit of the petroleum industry helps to minimize the loss in government revenue, it does not contribute to mitigating the increasing poverty trend, since the decline in saving and investment under this scenario restricts the country's growth, employment and income distribution perspectives.
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Thomas, David P. "Public Transportation in South Africa: Challenges and Opportunities." World Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 3 (July 20, 2016): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v3n3p352.
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<p><em>This article engages with several important questions regarding the state of public transportation in South Africa. It provides a brief description of the historical legacy of apartheid in relation to public transport, and the challenges this posed to the government after 1994. This is followed by a summary of the changing policy frameworks in the post-apartheid era, and an examination of the current policies, trajectories, and major transportation projects within the country. For example, this includes a more detailed discussion of major infrastructure projects such as the Gautrain and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in the form of Rea Vaya. Overall, the article argues that the South African government is struggling to build an inclusive public transportation infrastructure that addresses issues of poverty, access, and inequality. Finally, the article will conclude with a set of recommendations to build a more inclusive transportation policy framework for South Africa. </em></p>
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Krotee, March L. "Apartheid and Sport: South Africa Revisited." Sociology of Sport Journal 5, no. 2 (June 1988): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.5.2.125.
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The South African government’s socially based policy of segregation and discrimination, or “apartheid,” has caused tremendous external, as well as internal, pressures to reverse the government’s inhumane treatment of its repressed populace. Until recently none of the pressures have been more forceful than those evoked by the sporting world and the United Nations. Since 1960, these forces have served to isolate South Africa from most international sports competitions, including the Olympic Games. At one juncture, various leanings in apartheid policy seemed to point toward a tilt in attitudinal posture not only in regard to sport but to various related apartheid conduct. Recent events, however, have elucidated a continued dominant posture concerning South Africa’s all-encompassing socially repressive apartheid practice. It appears that, unless the South African government initiates swift and salient apartheid expiration, the perilous game they are playing may get out of hand.
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Dube, Admire, and Naushaad Ebrahim. "The nanomedicine landscape of South Africa." Nanotechnology Reviews 6, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2016-0108.
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AbstractNanomedicine is one of the most exciting applications of nanotechnology and promises to address several of mankind’s healthcare needs. South Africa is one of the countries engaged in nanomedicine research and product development on the African continent. In this article, we provide a top-level description of the policy, infrastructure, and human capital development programs supported by the South African government. We also highlight the nanomedicine outputs (publications, patents, and products) that have emanated from South Africa. This description of a “newly industrialized” country engagement in nanomedicine is important within the global context of nanomedicine development.
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PANDY, Wayde R., and Christian M. ROGERSON. "CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS AND TOURISM IN SOUTH AFRICA: PROJECTIONS AND POLICY." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.35224-671.
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The challenge of climate change and tourism is an evolving international knowledge domain. South Africa is one of the most vulnerable countries with respect to projected climate change. For the national tourism economy climate change is a significant topic of concern. The objectives in this article are to present climate change projections and potential impacts for South Africa’s tourism economy and to critically analyse the policy landscape concerning national government’s response to climate change as a whole and more specifically in relation to the tourism sector. It is shown key tourism assets of South Africa are at risk from the advance of climate change. The analysis discloses that the South African government has supported international efforts and obligations to address the challenge of climate change, commitments which have influenced policy development regarding tourism. Nevertheless, policy development towards climate change and tourism has not progressed greatly over the past decade. Arguably, this is an outcome of the overwhelming concentration in recent government tourism policy in South Africa towards issues of inclusivity and transformation.
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Handley, Antoinette. "Business, government and economic policymaking in the new South Africa, 1990–2000." Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 2 (June 2005): 211–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05000819.
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The stated economic policy of the African National Congress (ANC) underwent a dramatic shift in the 1990s, away from a soft-left redistributionist position to one much more closely aligned with the policy preferences of the South African business community. To what extent can this shift be attributed to lobbying efforts by that community? The article reviews the development of economic policy by the ANC in the 1990s, and concludes that while business was undoubtedly influential in this process, much of that influence was indirect and derived from two sets of sources: first, the international policy consensus around the neo-liberal reform agenda; and second, indirect signals from ‘the market’ by means of such mechanisms as movements in the value of the currency, and investor and business confidence.
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Pillay, Yogan G., and Patrick Bond. "Health and Social Policies in the New South Africa." International Journal of Health Services 25, no. 4 (October 1995): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yju7-0hdm-7tyw-xlmf.
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South Africa's first democratic government is today confronted with the challenge of recasting apartheid social and health policies, transforming a moribund bureaucracy's mode of governance, and restructuring a variety of public and private institutions, including the national Department of Health. In the attempt to redress racial, gender, and class inequities, enormous barriers confront health policy analysts and planners, progressive politicians, and activists within civil society who work in the field of health. This article sets the broad social policy context for the emerging strategies, documents some of the continuing inequities in the health sector, and recounts some recent experiences in one of the nine provinces (KwaZulu-Natal), to illustrate the difficulties and potentials that change of this magnitude presents under the prevailing conditions of neoliberal politics and economics.
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Fairhurst, Joan, and Madzinge Nembudani. "Government policy, demography and primary school enrolment in Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa." Education as Change 18, no. 1 (October 15, 2013): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16823206.2013.847016.
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Naidoo, Vinothan. "The Provincial Government Reform Process in South Africa: Policy Discretion and Developmental Relevance." Politikon 36, no. 2 (August 2009): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589340903240195.
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Hopkins, Kevin G. "Democracy, government policy, and law in South Africa: A reply to Marie Huchzermeyer." Urban Forum 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-003-0005-x.
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Ostrowick, John. "Moral risks and government policy in South Africa in the context of 4IR." South African Journal of Philosophy 40, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2021.1921933.
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De Coning, Christo. "Overview of the water policy process in South Africa." Water Policy 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 505–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.039.
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This research article provides an overview of the policy process followed by the South African Government in developing and implementing the White Paper on a National Water Policy for South Africa between 1994 and 2003. The research is based on a report published by the South African Water Research Commission (WRC), which formed part of a project entitled: Consolidation and Transfer of Knowledge and Experience Gained in the Development and Implementation of Water and Related Policy in South Africa (WRC Project number K5/1295). An attempt was made in the research project to solicit lessons of experience from the last ten years and to suggest findings regarding future options. It was found that valuable experience exists that is relevant not only to present and future policy and strategy initiatives in South Africa but also to policy process development in a regional and global context. The review of the water policy process has included a deliberate attempt to apply a selected policy process model to the South African water policy process in order to attempt a systematic analysis of the process. Specific findings were made regarding policy and strategy processes, institutional capacity and policy research in the water sector. The findings of the study included a confirmation of the technical quality of the policy and identification of several opportunities and priorities in the implementation of water policy.
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Binns, Tony, and Etienne Nel. "Supporting Local Economic Development in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 17, no. 1 (February 2002): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690940110073800.
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South Africa's apartheid era has left a bitter legacy of retarded economic development. Local Economic Development has been identified by the South African government as a key strategy through which issues of development and, more importantly, poverty alleviation can be addressed by local governments. This paper reviews current Local Economic Development policy in South Africa, before proceeding to an examination and analysis of the impact of the primary government support mechanism designed to promote such development initiatives, namely the Local Economic Development Fund. Whilst such support is of vital importance, far greater levels of intervention will be needed to fully address the massive scale of current local development needs.
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GARIDZIRAI, Rufaro, and Rufaro Emily CHIKURUWO. "An Economic Analysis of the Social Grant Policy in South Africa." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.2(48).09.
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South Africa`s economy is largely influenced by socio-economic challenges that need attention. These challenges include poverty, stagnant economic growth, unemployment and crime. In a bid to address these challenges, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa established the social grant system as one of the solutions to the above entrenched challenges. Section 27 (1) (c) of the Constitution affords everyone the right to social security, including, appropriate social support for themselves and those that depend on them. The critical question is whether the social grant system can solve all the above-mentioned challenges? This question remains as one of the unanswered questions in South Africa’s policy space. Extensive examination of this conundrum is therefore necessary. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate whether the social grants are economically sustainable in South Africa. The study utilized a combination of the doctrinal research methodology and literature review approach in achieving the objective of the study. The results of the study suggest that the social grant system is a short-term policy that presents long-run challenges, especially if the economic outlook of the country is not favorable. Therefore, although the social grant system is legally supported by the Constitution, it is nonetheless economically unsustainable considering the economic metrics of South Africa. Based on the results of the study, the paper proposes that the government introduces a new system of social grants that promotes small businesses for citizens so that they do not rely on the government for survival.
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Jinabhai, Champak C., Hoosen M. Coovadia, and Salim S. Abdool-Karim. "Socio-Medical Indicators of Health in South Africa." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 1 (January 1986): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jtnm-2d1h-8tk8-63dv.
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Socio-medical indicators developed by WHO for monitoring progress towards Health-for-All have been adapted to reveal, clearly and objectively, the devastating impact of state planning based on an outmoded immoral and unscientific philosophy of race superiority in South Africa on the health of the disenfranchised majority within the context of social and economic discrimination; Health policy indicators confirm that the government is committed to three options (Bantustans, A New Constitution, and A Health Services Facilities Plan) all of which are inconsistent with the attainment of Health-for-All; Social and economic indicators reveal gross disparities between African, Coloured, Indian, and White living and working conditions; Provision of health care indicators show the overwhelming dominance of high technology curative medical care consuming about 97 percent of the health budget with only minor shifts towards community-based comprehensive care; and Health status indicators illustrate the close nexus between privilege, dispossession and disease with Whites falling prey to health problems related to affluence and lifestyle, while Africans, Coloureds, and Indians suffer from disease due to poverty. All four categories of the indicator system reveal discrepancies which exist between Black and White, rich and poor, urban and rural. To achieve the social goal of Health-for-All requires a greater measure of political commitment from the state. We conclude that it is debatable whether a system which maintains race discrimination and exploitation can in fact be adapted to provide Health-for-All.
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Cirella, Giuseppe T., Carole Mtizi, and Felix O. Iyalomhe. "Public transportation solutions in Southern Africa: case study Zimbabwe and South Africa." Transport Economics and Logistics 79 (October 23, 2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.79.06.
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Our research investigates current challenges faced in southern Africa’s public transport sector and proposes a possible solution to overcome these challenges. Using South Africa and Zimbabwe as case studies, we identify shared challenges experienced in both countries for which a universal solution may be adopted. It was found that these challenges could mostly be attributed to government actions. We propose a need for better integration of social outcomes within public transport policy at the strategic, tactical and operational levels throughout the region. Moreover, we suggest that technology-driven solutions can be introduced in the public transport realm, amongst other solutions, entailing a universal cashless payment system coupled with GPS technology.
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van der Zee, Kirsten, Corné van Walbeek, and Sibahle Magadla. "Illicit/cheap cigarettes in South Africa." Trends in Organized Crime 23, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12117-019-09372-9.
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AbstractUsing wave 5 of the National Income Dynamics Study (conducted in 2017), this paper investigates the market for very low-priced cigarettes in South Africa, which, in all probability, are illicit. Since the sum of the excise tax and VAT in 2017 amounted to R16.30 (1.22 USD) per pack, any cigarettes selling for R20 (1.50 USD) per pack or less are likely to be illicit, assuming reasonable production costs. By this definition, approximately 30% of cigarettes consumed in South Africa in 2017 were illicit. Illicit cigarettes are found across all nine provinces. At the margin, the purchase of illicit cigarettes is associated with lower socio-economic characteristics, such as having lower levels of income and education. As illicit cigarettes undermine both the fiscal and health agendas of tobacco taxation policy, these results highlight the need for the South African government to implement urgently effective measures in order to curb illicit trade.
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Swanepoel, JA, and NJ Schoeman. "Countercyclical fiscal policy in South Africa: Role and iImpact of automatic fiscal stabilisers." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 4 (November 15, 2003): 802–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i4.1523.
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As actual budget balances reflect both cyclical developments and discretionary measures, they are not very useful when seeking to assess the orientation of underlying fiscal policy and possible structural imbalances in the budget balance. The influence of fluctuations in economic growth on the government’s budget balance can be examined by decomposing the actual budget into a cyclical and a structural or cyclically adjusted component. The former component shows the effect on the government budget of cyclical fluctuations in economic activity, the latter reflects what the budget balance would be if economic activity were at its trend level. This paper calculates the extent to which fiscal policy stabilises output fluctuations in South Africa and estimates the cyclically adjusted budget balance of the consolidated general government as an alternative fiscal indicator that can contribute to more effective fiscal policy and fiscal analysis.
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du Plessis, Anél, and Louis J. Kotzé. "The Heat is On: Local Government and Climate Governance in South Africa." Journal of African Law 58, no. 1 (March 24, 2014): 145–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855314000047.
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AbstractDeparting from the fact that climate change poses localized effects, this article critically considers from a legal perspective the role of local authorities in the South African government's response to climate change. A brief review of the relevance of climate mitigation and adaptation is followed by an explanation of what these concepts mean for local government. The article then discusses the extent to which the country's environmental and local government law and policy framework provides for municipalities' participation and involvement in climate governance. The article identifies strengths and weaknesses in relation to the local sphere of government's formal involvement in climate governance vis-à-vis authorities in the provincial and national spheres. It concludes that, as a result of their proximity to the effects of climate change, municipalities have a critically important role to play in the climate governance effort, despite the patchwork of environmental and local government laws and lack of explicit, consolidated policy and legal arrangements to this effect.
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Evans, Graham. "South Africa in Remission: the Foreign Policy of an Altered State." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 2 (June 1996): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055324.
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This article examines the extent to which the foreign policy of South Africa has altered since the inauguration of the Government of National Unity (GNU), following the historic, non-racial multi-party elections in May 1994. Has the African National Congress (ANC)-led regime succeeded in its stated aims of ‘normalising’ relations with the outside world while simultaneously forsaking traditional assumptions and perspectives about the national interest, and how best to define, defend, and promote it? Or has the understandable preoccupation with, and demands of, internal reconstruction led to a situation where foreign policy is ‘on hold’, in the sense that little attention has so far been directed at substantive questions concerning the norms, values, and conventions implicit in the strategic culture and policy inclinations of the ‘ancien régime’? In other words, what are the elements of continuity and change?
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Amusa, Kafayat. "Savings and economic growth in South Africa: A multivariate analysis." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v7i1.131.
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Growth theories highlight the importance of domestic savings for Economic growth. The savings and growth literature points generally to a positive growth effect of domestic savings. For a country like South Africa, where the level of domestic saving is low, the question of the role of savings in economic growth becomes critical. An understanding of the contribution of the different forms of savings in an economy to its economic growth is important, especially to be able to make the proper policy addresses. This paper applies cointegration analysis within a multivariate framework to establish the effect of household, government and corporate savings on economic growth in South Africa. The result indicates that corporate saving has a significant positive relationship to growth in both the long and short run, while household and government saving have no significant impact on growth. There is need for policies that increase the level of domestic savings and also a need to address government policies that impact on both public and household savings rate.
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Jonker, Willem, Alan Colin Brent, Josephine Kaviti Musango, and Imke De Kock. "Implications of biofuel production in the Western Cape province, South Africa: A system dynamics modelling approach of South Africa: A system dynamics modelling approach." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 1 (March 23, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i1a1457.
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The national government instated a mandatory blending policy to facilitate the uptake and establishment of a biofuels sector in South Africa. Uncertainty exists, however, regarding the implications and effects of producing biofuels within the Western Cape province, as part of a strategy of the province to transition to a green economy. This investigation was carried out as an effort to simulate the biofuel production within the Western Cape under certain project and policy considerations. A system dynamics model was developed to identify key strategic intervention points that could strengthen the business case of biofuel production. The model showed a feasible business case for bioethanol production, with the best case showing an internal rate of return of 23% (without government subsidy), and an emissions reduction of 63% when compared with coal. It is recommended that special consideration be given to the location of bioethanol production facilities, as operational costs can be minimised by incorporating invasive alien land-clearing schemes as part of the bioethanol production. The model further showed that medium-to-large-scale biodiesel production in the province is not feasible under the given model assumptions, as the positive effects of local biodiesel production do not justify the required government subsidy of ZAR 4.30 per litre. It is recommended that a different approach be investigated, where multiple on-site small-scale biodiesel production facilities are used, thus utilising multiple feedstock options and minimising capital expenditure.Keywords: green economy; transportation; blending; uncertainty; complexity
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HLONGWANE, Tshembhani Mackson, Itumeleng Pleasure MONGALE, and Lavisa TALA. "Analysis of the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in South Africa: VECM Approach." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2(J) (May 19, 2018): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2(j).2232.
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Fiscal policy ensures macroeconomic stability as a precondition for growth at the macro level. This study investigates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth of South Africa from 1960 to 2014 through a Cointegrated Vector Autoregression approach. It seeks to contribute to the existing literature as well as in designing effective fiscal policy programmes which can propel economic performance. Theresults of the long run estimates revealed that government tax revenue has a positive and significant long run influence on economic growth, whereas the government gross fixed capital formation and budget deficit have a negative impact on real GDP. For that reason, the study recommends that some expansionary fiscal policy measures should be strengthened since they play a very important role in the economy so as to meet the government target of the National Development Plan Vision for 2030.
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HLONGWANE, Tshembhani Mackson, Itumeleng Pleasure MONGALE, and Lavisa TALA. "Analysis of the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in South Africa: VECM Approach." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2.2232.
Full textAbstract:
Fiscal policy ensures macroeconomic stability as a precondition for growth at the macro level. This study investigates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth of South Africa from 1960 to 2014 through a Cointegrated Vector Autoregression approach. It seeks to contribute to the existing literature as well as in designing effective fiscal policy programmes which can propel economic performance. Theresults of the long run estimates revealed that government tax revenue has a positive and significant long run influence on economic growth, whereas the government gross fixed capital formation and budget deficit have a negative impact on real GDP. For that reason, the study recommends that some expansionary fiscal policy measures should be strengthened since they play a very important role in the economy so as to meet the government target of the National Development Plan Vision for 2030.
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Shava, Elvin. "Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa: Challenges and Prospects." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 6(J) (January 24, 2017): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i6(j).1490.
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Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to assess if the Black Economic Empowerment act has brought new economic horizons for the historically disadvantaged South Africans, or it has contributed to further impoverishmentof the lower classes in communities. The paper based its argument on an extensive literature review which envisaged that, despite many years of its implementation, BEE has caused the emergence of classes resulting fromfraud and corruption, fronting, difficulties in registering status, political interference, and poor accountability strategies. The paper interrogates the implementation strategies of BEE in the local government context to assess whether historical imbalances have been addressed or not. The paper concludes that the government needs to revisit BEE as an economic empowerment policy to see whether it has benefited the black majority or not. The paper reiterates further that, BEE as a black economic emancipation blueprint requires proper implementation and alignment with other economic policies such as the National Development Plan to accelerate economic opportunities for the black majority. The paper recommends the government of South Africa through local municipalities to exercise monitoring and evaluation in the BEE procurement systems are prerequisites in safeguarding the manipulation and corrupt tendencies arising from the awarding of tenders in the local government.Key words: Black Economic Empowerment, South Africa, Challenges, Prospects
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Reddy, P. S. "Local Government Training: A Review of the South African Experience." Public Personnel Management 24, no. 2 (June 1995): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609502400207.
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Local authorities are established to give the citizens of the town or city the opportunity to provide those services which are fundamental to community living. They provide essential services and it is therefore imperative that members of the legislative, governing and administrative components be effectively trained. The councilors are members of the political institution, namely the council.1 The councilors have to undertake legislative and governmental functions in addition to their supervision of the appointed officials who constitute the executive and administrative component. The council is the corporate body and is therefore the employer and the appointed officials are its employees. The Local Government Training Act is the first overall human resources strategy in South Africa that lays down the policy for the creation, development and maintenance of administrative structures and institutions to enable suitably trained people to undertake all the diverse functions of local government. In this paper the administrative structures and institutions for the implementation of the Act is described. This is followed by discussion of the problems' experienced in the implementation of the Act and finally an evaluation of the Act as an overall policy document for local government training in a democratic South Africa.
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Ngoepe, Mpho. "Deployment of open source electronic content management software in national government departments in South Africa." Journal of Science & Technology Policy Management 6, no. 3 (October 5, 2015): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-05-2014-0021.
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Purpose – This paper aims to report the deployment of open source electronic content management software in national government departments in South Africa, with the view to raise awareness of the free and open source software (FOSS) policy. Many countries including South Africa have developed policies that encourage the deployment of free and open source software (FOSS). Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for qualitative data collected through interviews with four chief information officers, five information technology (IT) officials, two records managers from government departments, one archivist from the National Archives of South Africa and one IT official from the State Information Technology Agency; these were selected purposively from national government departments. Furthermore, a free test trial of open source software, Alfresco Community Edition, was conducted for a 30-day period during September 2013. Alfresco was chosen as it is the preferred FOSS in government departments in South Africa. Findings – The key finding reveals that, in contrast with the FOSS policy, governmental bodies in South Africa preferred proprietary software over FOSS, as only one government department has migrated to FOSS. The reasons cited for the low uptake of open source electronic content management include the perceived lack of support for FOSS or short lifespan support which was confirmed through the trial test, as well as a lack of IT skills by records management practitioners who are responsible for implementation of electronic content management and hidden costs as the internal staff would spend time supporting, tailoring and enhancing the software. It is observed that failure to raise awareness and benefits of the FOSS policy in South Africa will curtail the document into a dull epistle. Research limitations/implications – Due to the chosen research approach and sampling method, the results were not generalised to the population. It is hoped that the study will stimulate further research interest and raise awareness in government departments with regard to FOSS policy implementation, especially in the area of electronic content management. Practical implications – The paper shows the difficulty in implementing a policy and putting it into practice without looking into its practical feasibility. Originality/value – This research attempts to bridge the gap and bring new elements by assessing the level of FOSS adoption in the area of electronic content management which is often ignored by the government and also less researched by scholars.
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Heugh, Kathleen. "Multilingual Education Policy in South Africa Constrained by Theoretical and Historical Disconnections." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 33 (March 2013): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190513000135.
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Multilingual education policy has been a controversial affair in South Africa, especially over the last 60 years. Recent research conducted by government-led and independent agencies shows declining student achievement within an education system that employs 11 home languages for education in the first three grades of primary school, followed by a transition to English medium for the majority (approximately 80%) of speakers of African languages. Research that focuses on the linguistic practices of students in urban settings suggests that there is a disjuncture between the construction of multilingualism within contemporary education policy and the multilingual reality of students (e.g., Heugh, 2003; Makoni, 2003; Makoni & Pennycook, 2012; Plüddemann, 2013; Probyn, 2009; Stroud & Heugh, 2011). There is also a disjunction between constitutional and other government policies that advance, on paper, a multilingual policy, yet are implemented through an assimilatory drive towards English (Alexander & Heugh, 1999). As predicted nearly two decades ago, the ideological framing of multilingualism during the negotiations in the early 1990s was to have consequences for the way in which language policy would unfold in the education sector over the next 20 to 30 years (Heugh, 1995, 1999). While poor student achievement in school may be ascribed to a range of socioeconomic indicators, this article draws attention to contributory factors that relate to language(s) in education. These include different constructions of multilingualism in education in relation to sociolinguistic and educational linguistic considerations, contradictory interpretations of multilingual education in a series of education policy documents, pedagogical weaknesses, and recent attempts to strengthen the provision of African languages education alongside English in the first 10 years of school (Grades R and 0–9; e.g., Department of Basic Education (DBE), 2013a, 2013b).
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Schoeman, N. J., Z. Clausen Robinson, and T. J. De Wet. "Foreign direct investment flows and fiscal discipline in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v3i2.2609.
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This paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy on foreign direct investment (PDI) in South Africa during the past 30 years. Casual empirical analysis reveals a definite linkage between FDI flows and variables such as the deficit/GDP ratio, representing fiscal discipline, and the tax burden on foreign investors. This relationship is substantiated by econometric analysis. Given the economy's large degree of dependence on foreign capital, the government may contribute to an investor-friendly environment by adjusting fiscal policy. Some inroads have been made in this regard with the government's Medium-term Expenditure Framework (MTEF), which projects a policy of strict fiscal discipline in years to come. However, the tax burden is still relatively high and, due to its impact on foreign direct capital flows, requires urgent attention.
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Gran, Thorvald. "Trust and Power in Land Politics in South Africa." International Review of Administrative Sciences 68, no. 3 (September 2002): 419–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852302683008.
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Land politics is of high practical and symbolic importance in much of Africa. South Africa is no exception. Here it is investigated from two angles. First from a discussion of trust and a culture of trustworthiness as conditions for the functioning of modern institutions. Second from an interest in how the administrative level of communities and/or political cultures gives form to the relations between authority and subjects or, more generally, in modernity to the relation between state and society. Western South Africa was chosen for the investigation as there are no homelands. ‘Land-reformed’ communities in two provinces, Northern and Western Cape, are compared. The study showed (1) that the ANC’s land policy is increasingly an expression of a unified government–bureaucracy–modern economy élite; (2) that there are specific barriers to the formation of cultures of trustworthiness in institutions of authority (commercial farmers, lack of horizontal communication and the power of ethnicity), barriers blocking ‘embedded authorities’; and (3) that trust in government with respect to land policies is waning, despite progress in the redistribution of land.
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Reddy, Purshottama S., and Jayanathan Govender. "Democratic decentralisation, citizen engagement and service delivery in South Africa: A critique of legislative and policy considerations." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 43, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/5080.
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Negotiations to restructure and transform local government in South Africa commenced in 1993. Key roleplayers and stakeholders in local government were instrumental in adopting a negotiated local government model comprising three distinct phases during the constitutional development process. The Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act 209 of 1993) facilitated the process for the introduction of transitional local and metropolitan councils which constituted the first phase. Local government elections were held for the first time in November 1995 and May/June 1996 in seven provinces (and thereafter Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal) constituted the second phase. Three fundamental legislative enactments, i.e. Local Government: Municipal Demarcation Act, 1998 (Act 27 of 1998); Local Government Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (Act 117 of 1998) and the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), were critical to the final phase. Elections held in December 2000 marked the end of the transition period resulting in a reduction of municipalities from 843 to 283. There were two successful local government elections held thereafter on 26 March 2006 and more recently on 18 May 2011. Regular elections and the plethora of legislation introduced to consolidate the new dispensation have resulted in local democracy and decentralization being deeply rooted in the local governance system. The latter is an integral component of the local governance policy framework as the country has a diverse population of almost 50 million people. It is believed that a democratic and decentralised governance system will promote local development, address poverty reduction, facilitate civic engagement and ensure national integration. Local democracy, introduced seventeen years ago following the ushering in of the developmental state in 1994, has since been tried and tested. Despite ‘world class’ legislation and a ‘best practice’ local governance system, which has as its basis people centred development, engagement and decentralisation, several governance challenges has emerged. This includes inter alia, unfunded mandates; rampant corruption and nepotism;violent service delivery protests; capacity constraints; crime, lack of communication, transparency and accountability; limited civic engagement and a significant number of municipalities that are not financially viable. These issues will have to be addressed if Chapter 7 of the Constitution has to become more meaningful to the majority of the populace in terms of discharging its developmental mandate.
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Pooe, T. K. "Has it Reinvented Iron Law? South Africa’s Social Industrialisation, not Iron Industrialisation." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 467–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0027.
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Abstract This paper examines whether the current South African legal framework and subsequent policies post-1994 encourage and have emphatically fostered industrialisation in South Africa primarily and Southern Africa more generally. The primary contention of this paper is that the South African State, unlike fellow Southern African States, has a long history with industrialisation and should have laid the foundations for Southern Africa’s large scale industrialisation trajectory. However, the post-1994 government vision for South Africa has never had a Law and Development philosophy that prioritises and fosters industrialisation. Industrial Promotion in Africa, is understood as being concerned with drafting, strategically implementing and investing in industrially minded action plans. Through the prism of Local Economic Development policy and legislation in the Sedibeng region, this paper contends that industrialisation is still a farfetched endeavour despite industrially minded policies like the New Growth Path and the Industrial Policy Action Plans in South Africa. Moreover, South Africa’s industrialisation agenda is compromised by the Law and Development philosophy of the African National Congress led government. At the core of this philosophy is an overestimation of social justice activity like Human Rights promotion at the expense of Asian Developmental States’ non-human rights approach to economic development activity, like industrialisation in rural and township regions of South Africa.
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Brauns, Melody, and Anne Stanton. "Governance of the public health sector during Apartheid: The case of South Africa." Journal of Governance and Regulation 5, no. 1 (2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v5_i1_p3.
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The healthcare system that the African National Congress (ANC) government inherited in 1994 can hardly be described as functional. Indeed the new government had inherited a combination of deliberate official policy, discriminatory legislation and at times blatant neglect. This paper presents an overview of the evolution of the healthcare system in South Africa. The structures set up under apartheid had implications for provision of public healthcare to South Africans and reveals how governance structures, systems and processes set up during apartheid had implications for the provision of public healthcare to South Africans.
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Odeku, Kola, and Edson Meyer. "Climate Change Surge: Implementing Stringent Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in South Africa." Journal of African Law 54, no. 2 (September 20, 2010): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855310000033.
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AbstractThis article examines how the South African government, realizing the country's vulnerability to climate change, deemed it necessary to strengthen adaptation and mitigation measures and put in place legal and institutional frameworks to ensure implementation and compliance. Government must take responsibility for industry's inaction by implementing policies on climate change and, more importantly, through a visible change in government policy to hold industry accountable. The stringent policies and strategies being put in place are reducing vulnerability and also enhancing a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, climatic, resource and economic perturbations. The article further reviews state of the art methods and tools available to strengthen mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures in the areas of the existing frameworks regarding climate change. It also considers various measures by Eskom in particular, and strategies embarked upon by South Africa's national and local governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.