Relevant bibliographies by topics / Energi Thermal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Energi Thermal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 13 December 2022
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Energi Thermal"

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,, Monice, and Perinov . "ANALISIS POTENSI SAMPAH SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SAMPAH (PLTSA) DI PEKANBARU." SainETIn 1, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/sainetin.v1i1.166.

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Energi terbarukan merupakan sumber energi alam yang dapat langsung dimanfaatkan dengan bebas. Selain itu, ketersediaan energi terbarukan ini tak terbatas dan bisa dimanfaatkan secara terus menerus. Salah satunya adalah dengan pemanfaatan sampah yang berpotensi dapat dikonversi menjadi energi listrik. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa potensi pemanfaatan sampah kota untuk pembangkit listrik sangatlah besar, baik dengan metode Thermal atau metode Landfill. Di kota Pekanbaru yang beriklim tropis, sampah yang dihasilkan sangat berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit karena curah hujan yang sedikit. Selama ini sampah belum dimanfaatkan, hanya di tumpuk di TPA sampah Muara Fajar, Pekanbararu. Mengidentifikasi dan mengukur potensi sampah kota Pekanbaru yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit, baik dengan teknologi landfiil atau dengan teknologi thermal sebagai sumber energi listrik alternatif berbasis renewable energy. Menghitung energi listrik yang dapat dimanfaatkan dari potensi yang ada dari metode lanfill dan metode thermal. Serta melihat peluang pemanfaatan sampah dari potensi yang tersedia selain dimanfaatkan sebagai pembangkit. Potensi energi listrik yang mampu dibangkitkan sebagai bahan baku Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga sampah (PLTSa) di Kota Pekanbaru sebagai sumber energi alternatif berbasis renewable energy adalah 9 MW.
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Silaban, Mawardi. "Peluang Energi terbarukan di Industri Pemanfaatan Termal Surya Pada Proses Pengeringan Kayu." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 7, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v7i1.3639.

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Konsep perpindahan Massa dan panas dalam suatu sistem memberikan pendekatan mendasar untuk memperkirakan efisiensi termal sistem pengeringan kayu energi surya. Efisiensi termal sendiri didefinisikan sebagai rasio panas teoritis dan aktual yang diperlukan selama proses pengeringan. Perhitungan panas didasarkan pada jumlah energi yang diserap oleh sistem. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi termal yang dapat dicapai dengan sistem pengeringan kayu energi surya pada kondisi ini dijelaskan dalam makalah ini adalah 17,1% dengan rasio 25,2%.Kata kunci :Â Pengeringan Kayu, Efisiensi Termal, Energi Surya, KolektorAbstractMass and heat transfer concept in a system provide a fundamental approach for estimating thermal efficiency of solar energy wood drying system. The thermal efficiency itself is defined as ratio of theoretical and actual heat required during drying process. Heat calculation was based on amount of energy absorbed by the system. The calculation result showed that the thermal efficiency that could be achieved by this solar energy wood drying system at this condition described in this paper is 17.1% with the ratio of 25.2%.Keywords :Â Wood Dryer, Thermal Efficiency, Solar Energy, Collector
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Hendrawan, Andi, Lusiani Lusiani, and Aji K. Hendrawan. "Desain Diameter Pipa secara Matematis pada Pembangkit Listrik Panas Laut (Oceans Thermal Energy Conversion)." Saintara : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Maritim 6, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52475/saintara.v6i2.177.

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Isu energi terbarukan merupakan hal yang sering diperbincangkan, terutama karena cadangan minyak bumi yang semakin menipis, pasokan listrik yang sangat diperlukan untuk pembangunan infrastruktur yang berkelanjutan. Salah satu sumber energi terbarukan adalah marine thermal energy conversion system (OTEC). Energi terbarukan pada waktunya akan menjadi andalan energi nasional dan dunia karena dalam lima puluh tahun akan terjadi krisis energi. Sumber energi OTEC muncul kembali karena kekhawatiran akan terjadi krisis energi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan model matematis dari desain Popa OTEC. Desain OTEC tidak terlepas dari perangkat plumbing, baik pipa air dingin, air hangat maupun air NH3. Penelitian ini merupakan model matematis desain pipa pada pembangkit listrik tenaga termal laut. Penelitian diawali dengan tinjauan pustaka, yaitu penelitian sebelumnya tentang OTEC (oceans thermal energy coversion). Hasil dari penelitian adalah penentuan rumus diameter yang digunakan untuk menentukan diameter pipa, baik untuk diamater pipa air laut dingin, air laut hangat maupun pipa NH3 atau amoniak. Desain apat dipergunakan untuk penentuan variabel diamater pipa dengan variasi debit dan kecepatan aliran.
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Ali, Muhammad, and Jaka Windarta. "Pemanfaatan Energi Matahari Sebagai Energi Bersih yang Ramah Lingkungan." Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan 1, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2020.10059.

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Pemanfaatan energi primer yang baru dan terbarukan mulai banyak di terapkan di berbagai negara, dikarenakan berkurangnya sumber bahan baku energi primer yang berasal dari fosil (minyak bumi, gas dan batubara). Usaha untuk menggantikan energi primer yang berasal dari fosil selain dari berkurangnya cadangan baik minyak bumi, gas dan batubara, juga disebabkan karena pengaruh emisi gas buang dari pemanfaatan energi primer dari fosil. Energi primer dari fosil dalam setiap perubahan bentuk energinya seringkali menggunakan teknologi insinerasi yang menyebabkan peningkatan emisi karbondioksida sehingga dapat berakibat buruk terhadap lingkungan dan mempengaruhi perubahan iklim. Dalam makalah ini penulis menitikberatkan pemanfaatan energy primer dari matahari menjadi energi final yang dapat secara langsung dimanfaatkan dan juga tidak mengeluarkan emisi karbondioksida. Pemanfaatan energi matahari secara thermal diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dengan menggantikan atau mensubtitusi teknologi insinerasi yang biasanya digunakan untuk merubah energi primer menjadi energi thermal. Penggunaan sumber energi yang ramah lingkungan dengan menggunakan energi matahari ini diharapkan mampu mengurangi efek Gas Rumah Kaca dan dapat mencegah perubahan iklim yang ekstrim.
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Irianto, Ignatius Djoko. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HELIUM BRAYTON CYCLE FOR ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM OF RGTT200K." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 18, no. 2 (June 22, 2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2016.18.2.2320.

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ABSTRACTDESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HELIUM BRAYTON CYCLE FOR ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM OF RGTT200K. The helium Brayton cycle for the design of cogeneration energy conversion system for RGTT200K have been analyzed to obtain the higher thermal efficiency and energy utilization factor. The aim of this research is to analyze the potential of the helium Brayton cycle to be implemented in the design of cogeneration energy conversion system of RGTT200K. Three configuration models of cogeneration energy conversion systems have been investigated. In the first configuration model, an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) is installed in series with the gas turbine, while in the second configuration model, IHX and gas turbines are installed in parallel. The third configuration model is similar to the first configuration, but with two compressors. Performance analysis of Brayton cycle used for cogeneration energy conversion system of RGTT200K has been done by simulating and calculating using CHEMCAD code. The simulation result shows that the three configuration models of cogeneration energy conversion system give the temperature of thermal energy in the secondary side of IHX more than 800 oC at the reactor coolant mass flow rate of 145 kg/s. Nevertheless, the performance parameters, which include thermal efficiency and energy utilization factor (EUF), are different for each configuration model. By comparing the performance parameter in the three configurations of helium Brayton cycle for cogeneration energy conversion systems RGTT200K, it is found that the energy conversion system with a first configuration has the highest thermal efficiency and energy utilization factor (EUF). Thermal efficiency and energy utilization factor for the first configuration of the reactor coolant mass flow rate of 145 kg/s are 35.82% and 80.63%.Keywords: Helium Brayton cycle, RGTT200K, Energy conversion system, EUF, Efficiency, ABSTRAKANALISIS DAN DESAIN SIKLUS BRAYTON HELIUM UNTUK SISTEM KONVERSI ENERGI RGTT200K. Telah dilakukan analisis siklus Brayton helium pada desain sistem konversi energi kogenerasi RGTT200K untuk memperoleh tingkat efisiensi termal dan faktor pemanfaatan energi yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi siklus Brayton helium untuk diterapkan dalam desain sistem konversi energi kogenerasi RGTT200K. Tiga model konfigurasi desain sistem konversi energi kogenerasi telah dianalisis. Pada model konfigurasi pertama Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) dipasang secara serial dengan turbin gas, sedangkan pada model konfigurasi kedua IHX dan turbin gas dipasang secara paralel. Model konfigurasi ketiga mirip dengan konfigurasi pertama, tetapi pada model konfigurasi ketiga dipasang dua kompresor. Analisis kinerja pada desain siklus Brayton untuk sistem konversi energi RGTT200K dilakukan dengan cara simulasi dan perhitungan kinerja sistem konversi energi menggunakan kode komputer CHEMCAD. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa ketiga model konfigurasi dapat memberikan energi termal pada sisi sekunder IHX dengan temperatur lebih dari 800 oC jika laju aliran massa pendingin reaktor 145 kg/s. Namun demikian, paremeter kinerja yang meliputi efisiensi thermal dan faktor pemanfaatan energi (EUF) berbeda untuk masing-masing model konfigurasi. Hasil perbandingan parameter kinerja pada ketiga model konfigurasi siklus Brayton helium untuk sistem konversi energi kogenerasi RGTT200K menunjukkan bahwa model konfigurasi sistem konversi energi kogenerasi yang pertama memiliki efisiensi termal dan faktor pemanfaatan energi (EUF) tertinggi. Nilai efisiensi termal dan faktor pemanfaatan energi untuk model konfigurasi pertama dengan laju aliran massa pendingin reaktor 145 kg/s adalah 35,82% dan 80,63%. Kata kunci: Siklus Brayton helium, RGTT200K, Sistem konversi energi, EUF, EfisiensiKeywords : Helium Brayton cycle, RGTT200K, Energy conversion system, EUF, Efficiency,
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Tobing, Iqbal Fahri, Mustaqimah Mustaqimah, and Raida Agustina. "Modifikasi Pengering Tipe Tray Dryer Dengan Penambahan Insulator." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i4.12685.

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Abstrak. Pengering tipe Tray Dryer merupakan salah satu alat pengering rak atau pengering kabinet yang dapat digunakan untuk mengeringkan berbagai jenis bahan baku makanan. Alat pengering ini dirancang dengan tipe paralel flow tray dimana udara panas yang dihasilkan akan disirkulasikan sejajar dengan permukaan rak pengering dan bekerja menggunakan sumber energi listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi pengering tray dryer dengan penambahan insulator dan mengetahui konsumsi energi alat pengering tray dryer pada pengeringan kunyit. Parameter pengujian uji kinerja alat tanpa bahan meliputi distribusi suhu, kelembaban relatif dan kecepatan aliran udara dan untuk perhitungan konsumsi energi meliputi penggunaan energi listrik, perhitungan energi thermal, energi mengeringkan bahan, energi untuk menguapkan air bahan, efisiensi pengeringan, energi kipas dan kehilangan energi melalui cerobong. Pada pengujian pengering tray dryer suhu yang digunakan adalah 55°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara fungsional dan struktural alat pengering tray dryer setelah dimodifikasi dengan melapisi dinding luar ruang pengering dapat beroperasi dengan baik, proses pengeringan lebih cepat dan energi yang digunakan juga sedikit dibandingkan dengan sebelum dimodifikasi. Konsumsi energi listrik pada alat pengering tray dryer setelah dimodifikasi pada saat proses pengeringan dengan suhu 35oC selama 6,5 jam sebesar 35,33 kWh (127,2 MJ), pada suhu 45oC sebesar 24,26 kWh (88,06 MJ) dengan lamanya pengeringan selama 4,5 jam dan suhu 55oC sebesar 18,89 kWh (68,01 MJ) dengan lama pengeringan selama 3,5 jam, hal ii disebabkan lama pengeringan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan besar kecilnya konsumsi energi listrik. Konsumsi energi thermal selama proses pengeringan dengan suhu 35°C adalah sebesar 17,53 MJ, suhu 45°C sebesar 19,54 MJ dan suhu 55°C sebesar 21,34 MJ. Berdasarkan hasil kalkulasi antara energi listrik dan energi thermal didapatkan efisiensi pengeringan pada suhu 35°C sebesar 27,80%, suhu 45°C sebesar 22,2% dan suhu 55°C sebesar 31,4%.Modification Of Tray Dryer With InsulatorAbstract. Tray Dryer is a type of dryer or cabinet dryer that can be used to dry various types of food raw materials. This dryer is designed with a parallel flow tray type where the hot air generated will be circulated parallel to the surface of the drying rack and work using an electric energy source. This study aims to modify the tray dryer with the addition of an insulator and determine the energy consumption of dryer dryers in turmeric drying. The test parameters of the performance test of equipment without material include temperature distribution, relative humidity and air flow velocity and for the calculation of energy consumption including the use of electrical energy, thermal energy calculation, energy drying material, energy to evaporate material water, drying efficiency, fan energy and energy loss through chimney. In testing the tray dryer dryer the temperature used is 55 ° C. The results showed that functionally and structurally the tray dryer after being modified by covering the outer walls of the drying chamber could operate well, the drying process was faster and the energy used was also less compared to before it was modified. Electric energy consumption in the tray dryer after being modified during the drying process with a temperature of 35oC for 6.5 hours amounted to 35.33 kWh (127.2 MJ), at a temperature of 45oC of 24.26 kWh (88.06 MJ) with a duration drying for 4.5 hours and a temperature of 55oC of 18.89 kWh (68.01 MJ) with a drying time of 3.5 hours, this is due to the length of drying is one of the factors causing the size of the electrical energy consumption. The consumption of thermal energy during the drying process with a temperature of 35 ° C is 17.53 MJ, a temperature of 45 ° C is 19.54 MJ and a temperature of 55 ° C is 21.34 MJ. Based on the results of calculations between electrical energy and thermal energy obtained drying efficiency at a temperature of 35 ° C at 27.80%, a temperature of 45 ° C at 22.2% and a temperature of 55 ° C at 31.4%
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Zakyia, Imra, and Mohammad Ali Shafii. "Analisis Distribusi Fluks Neutron pada Reaktor Berbentuk Slab Menggunakan Persamaan Difusi Multigrup Satu Dimensi dengan Metode Gauss-Seidel." Jurnal Fisika Unand 9, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.9.3.388-393.2020.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai distribusi fluks neutron dalam persamaan difusi neutron multigrup satu dimensi. Jenis reaktor yang digunakan adalah reaktor cepat dengan teras berbentuk slab dan bahan bakar yang digunakan yaitu U-PuN. Penelitian ini menggunakan penampang lintang makroskopik di level sel bahan bakar sebagai masukan awal untuk 70 grup energi. Data library yang digunakan adalah JFS-3-J33 70 grup energi neutron yang merupakan data dari kode komputer SLAROM dari JAEA Jepang. Rentang energi dibagi ke dalam tiga daerah grup energi yaitu grup energi cepat, grup energi menengah dan grup energi termal. Metode iterasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode iterasi Gauss-Seidel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi fluks neutron pada grup energi cepat untuk bahan bakar U-235 dan Pu-239 berkisar antara 32,96 n/s cm2 sampai 121,95 n/s cm2, sedangkan pada grup energi menengah terjadi tumpang tindih antar grup energi dan pada grup energi termal distribusi fluks neutron untuk U-238 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan U-235 dan Pu-239. Perbedaan nilai ini terjadi karena U-238 merupakan bahan fertil. Distribusi fluks neutron pada grup energi cepat memiliki nilai lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan grup energi menengah dan termalkarena penelitian ini didesain untuk reaktor cepat. Research on the distribution of the neutron flux in the one-dimensional multigroup neutron diffusion equation has been done. The type of reactor used is a fast reactor with a slab-shaped reactor core, and the fuel used is U-PuN. The study used macroscopic cross-sections at the fuel cell level as initial input for 70 neutron energy groups. The data library used is JFS-3-J33 70 energy groups, the library data of SLAROM computer codes from JAEA Japan. The energy range is divided into three regions of neutron energy groups, namely fast, medium, and thermal energy groups. The iteration method used in this study is the Gauss-Seidel iteration method. The results showed that the flux distribution in the fast energy group for U-235 and Pu-239 fuels ranged from 32.96 n/s cm2 to 121.95 n/s cm2, whereas in the intermediate neutron energy group overlaps each other and in the thermal energy group the U-238 neutron flux distribution is lower than U-235 and Pu-239. This difference in value occurs because U-238 is fertile material. The distribution of neutron flux in the fast energy group has a more accurate value compared to the medium and thermal energy groups because this study is designed for fast reactors.
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Fauzi, Ahmad, and Poki Agung Budiantoro. "RADIATOR THERMAL SEBAGAI SISTEM PENOLAK PANAS PADA SATELIT BENTUK SILINDER." Transmisi 22, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/transmisi.22.3.67-72.

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Panas terjadi pada satelit karena pengaruh lingkungan antariksa, khususnya sinar matahari sebagai sumber energi panel surya satelit. Panel surya menghasilkan energi yang disimpan oleh baterai satelit, yang dibutuhkan untuk operasional satelit dalam keadaan eclipse. Sinar matahari dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kinerja satelit jika energi yang dihasilkan melebihi batas kapasitas simpan daya baterai, sehingga mengancam keberlangsungan kinerja satelit. Jumlah energi yang dibutuhkan satelit dapat diatur, salah satunya dengan menganalisis bagian krusial sisi satelit. Makalah ini membahas penggunaan jumlah panas per satuan luas dari permukaaan panel satelit sebagai sistem penolak panas (radiator), yang berfungsi membuang panas berlebih yang dihasilkan oleh komponen elektronik dan radiasi dari eksternal satelit di ruang antariksa. Kemampuan dari 4 jenis bahan sebagai termal radiator dievaluasi. Hasil studi memperlihatkan bahwa sistem penolak panas dengan bahan lapisan radiator jenis OSR Aluminium mempunyai kenaikan jumlah panas yang dibuang atau ditolak ke ruang hampa yang tinggi sebesar 143,90 W/m2 pada suhu -50°C dan 776,95 W/m2 pada suhu +50°C di musim panas (summer solstice), sedangkan jumlah panas yang dibuang ke ruang hampa dengan jumlah yang terendah terjadi pada bahan lapisan radiator jenis White Paint SG-121FD sebesar -170,68 W/m2 pada suhu -50°C dan 517,07 W/m2 pada suhu +50°C di musim dingin (winter solstice).
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Tarigan, Elieser. "Energy Saving Measures and Simulation in the Library Building of University of Surabaya." Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa 3, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v3.i1.2018.63-70.

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The rapid rate use of fossil fuels globally results in many environmental problems. The adoption of energy efficient technology has the potential to substantially reduce the amount of energy used in buildings. This paper discuses the energy saving measures and simulation for a six-floor library building, University of Surabaya, Indonesia. Simulation was carried out using the Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiency (EDGE) simulation software. The results of simulation showed that 53% of energy efficiency can be reached, without lowering of the building comfort, by applying of four measures at the same time are daylight photoelectric sensors for internal spaces (OFE29), radiant cooling and heating system (OFE16), higher thermal performance glass (OFE8), and external shading devices (OFE4). The implementation of the four measures would result in reduction of 758 ton of CO2/year with a payback period of 2.2 years.Keywords: Energy efficiency, energy building, energy saving, library building, energy simulation Pemanfaatan energy fosil dalam jumlah yang besar secara global menimbulkan permasalahan berkaitan dengan lingkungan. Usaha untuk mengimplementasikan teknologi dalam penghematan energi sangat signifikan dalam penerapannya pada bangunan. Tulisan ini mendiskusikan parameter-parameter penghematan energi serta mensimulasikannya pada sebuah bangunan perpustakaan Universitas Surabaya yang terdiri dari 6 lantai. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan sofware EDGE. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 4 parameter penghematan energi dapat memberikan penghematan energi hingga 53%. Parameter tersebut adalah daylight photoelectric sensors for internal spaces (OFE29), radiant cooling and heating system (OFE16), higher thermal performance glass (OFE8), dan external shading devices (OFE4). Implementasi keempat parameter tersebut akan mengurangi emisi karbodiokasida 758 ton per tahun dengan payback period sekitar 2,2 tahun.Kata kunci: Efisiensi energi, energi pada bangunan, hemat energi, bangunan perpustakaan, simulasi energi
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Setiadi, Amos. "STUDI AWAL ENERGI TERMAL PADA TOSAN AJI." Ornamen 19, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/ornamen.v19i1.4349.

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The existence of thermal energy in Tosan Aji recorded with a measuring instrument with an image output (visual) is one learning medium that helps the sense of view. In a Tosan Aji made of iron and steel, metal materials and prestige materials are believed to be stored thermal energy suspected to be a store when creating and forging materials, and other techniques have not been revealed. In the process, heat transfer occurs, called heat transfer, which can be analyzed from engineering disciplines that learn how to generate heat, use heat, change heat, and move heat. Tosan Aji thermal measurements using FLIR Infrared Camera instrument is an infrared camera whose results show images/visualization of thermal gradations of objects caught by the camera. With the method of treatment in the absence of conduction, convection, radiation, and the thermal condition of space, Tosan Aji has a thermal condition of 31.3 to 34.0 degrees Celsius. Unlike other metal objects, sickle and lower crowbar. Thermal distribution on blades and blades in “warangka” is different.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Energi Thermal"

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Wodlin, Jakob. "Konceptstudie för omvandling av termisk energi till elektrisk samt mekanisk energi i en autonom undervattensfarkost." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fluida och mekatroniska system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129220.

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Rapporten avhandlar en konceptstudie för omvandling av termisk energi till elektrisk samt mekanisk energi, i den autonoma undervattensfarkosten SAPPHIRES. Inledningsvis utreds vilka förväntningar och krav som finns på konceptet för energiomvandling samt om där finns någon publicerad litteratur som redan gjort ansträngningar för att lösa det aktuella problemet. Allmän teori kring värmemotorer och en bred, systematisk litteratursökning inkluderas även i det arbetet. Energiomvandlingen antas kunna ske enligt två fall kallade ”hög-prestanda” och ”låg/medel-prestanda”, vilka innebär att mekanisk samt elektrisk effekt, respektive endast elektrisk effekt ska kunna levereras av konceptet. De mekaniska samt elektriska effekterna ska, vidare, kunna levereras om maximalt 600, respektive 6 kW, och konceptet ska åtminstone kunna uppfylla ett av energiomvandlingsfallen. Den faktiska konceptstudien utgörs av två iterationer av konceptgenereringar, -utvärderingar och -val och de visar att ett koncept kallat ”Öppet system inspirerat av nukleär värmeframdrivning” förefaller vara det bästa sättet att omvandla termisk energi i SAPPHIRES. Därtill indikerar en mer detaljerad analys, bestående av bland annat matematisk modellering och konceptuell konstruktion, att konceptet möjligen skulle kunna uppfylla så kallad ”hög-prestanda” och sedermera leverera både mekanisk och elektrisk effekt om 600, respektive 6 kW. Mer specifikt visar en matematisk analys, med hjälp av vissa antaganden rörande konceptets funktion, att ett ”Öppet system inspirerat av nukleär värmeframdrivning” skulle kunna leverera en mekanisk effekt om 1025 kW samt en elektrisk effekt om 141 kW. En grov, konceptuell konstruktion bekräftar också att konceptets vitala, ingående komponenter faktiskt kan rymmas inom de specificerade dimensionskraven (en cylinderformad volym med en längd och diameter om 1,7, respektive 0,5 m.). Det står dock klart att de möjliga koncepten för energiomvandling kraftigt begränsas av deras möjligheter att leverera tillräcklig mekanisk effekt, för att uppnå ”hög-prestanda”. Om endast ”låg/medel-prestanda” ska uppfyllas tillåts fler av de möjliga koncepten och i ett sådant fall skulle faktorer som underhåll, miljöpåverkan och SAPPHIRES signatur kunna prioriteras i högre utsträckning.
The report discusses a concept study regarding the conversion of thermal energy into electrical and mechanical energy, in the autonomous underwater vehicle SAPPHIRES. First, the requirements and expectations regarding the concept of energy conversion are investigated and efforts are made to identify any published literature, which has already made attempts of solving the issue. General theory regarding heat engines and an extensive literature study are also included in this work. The energy conversion is assumed to perform according to two cases called "high-performance" and "low/medium-performance", meaning mechanical and electrical energy or electrical power should be delivered by the concept, respectively. More specifically, the mechanical and electrical powers should be delivered of a maximum of 600 and 6 kW, respectively and the concept should at least fulfill one of the performance settings. The actual concept study comprises of two iterations of concept generations, evaluations and selections and shows that a concept called "Open system inspired by nuclear thermal propulsion" seems to be the best way of converting thermal energy on-board SAPPHIRES. Moreover, a more detailed analysis, comprising of, inter alia, mathematical modelling and conceptual design, indicates that the concept possibly can meet the so-called "high-performance" and thus, deliver both mechanical and electrical powers of 600 and 6 kW, respectively. More specifically, a mathematical analysis, based on some assumptions regarding the concept's functionality, shows that an "Open system inspired by nuclear thermal propulsion" could deliver a mechanical power of 1025 kW and an electrical power of 141 kW. Rough conceptual design also shows that the vital parts of the concept could fit within the specified maximal dimensions (a cylinder-shaped volume with a length and diameter of 1.7 and 0.5 m, respectively). However, it is clear the possible concepts of energy conversion are severely limited by their capacities of delivering enough mechanical energy, to meet the "high-performance" demands. Assuming only the "low/medium-performance" has to be met, more possible concepts becomes available and in that case, factors such as maintenance, environmental impact and signature of SAPPHIRES could be considered to a greater extent.
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2

Holmström, Susanne. "Fjärrvärmesystem." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för energi- och maskinteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4484.

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This is a report written for an examination project C-level, on the subject of energy. The examination project is a product of the FVB Sweden AB (district heating bureau). It started with a meeting with Stefan Jonsson FVB Sweden AB, were he explained the content of the project, and from this a presentation of the problem was made. The problem that needed to be solved was how they could control the valves in the system to provide heating to everyone in the system. The valves are often oversized so the pump in the heating plant would have to be enormous to be able to provide enough flow to be sufficient, if everyone in the system had there valves fully opened.

 

I came up with two solutions to the problem, one was a wireless network that could keep track of the valves and the other solution was an extra sensor that was placed on the radiator. The purpose for that was to open the valve if the temperature dropped more than one degree inside. With the help of a program called IDA it was calculated that, if the temperature drop five degrees, they would have sixteen hours at the heating power plant to open the flow before the sensor open the valves.

 

After careful consideration I came up with the conclusion that the wireless network must be the best solution. Mostly because you can monitor all the clients in the system from the heating power plant and that will make it easier to discover faults and temperature differences.

Wireless networks is already a well tested solution in form of wireless controlled electricity meters so it shouldn’t be to much of a problem connecting these sensors to it either.

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Riise, Jørn Arnold Kvistad. "Computer Code for Thermal Analysis of Rocket Motors." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8945.

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Further development of a two-dimensional thermal analysis code (G2DHeat) to include internal decomposition and charring ablation of insulation materials is presented. An overview of the structural changes made to the program code by implementing an implicit solution routine, including source term is given, before testing and verification of accuracy is performed. A kinetic model for decomposition reactions, as well as routines for handling the generated gas from the decomposition reactions, changes concerning the material properties and erosion of surface material are implemented and explained. Comparisons of results are made with similar results obtained by commercial programs. Possible reasons affecting the results are pointed out, before additional comparisons with experimentally observed measurements are performed. Based on the simulated results it is concluded that a great deal of testing remains for proper validation of the program. How to include better boundary conditions for simulating charring ablation is suggested and recommended for further development of the program.

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4

Boström, Cecilia. "Storleksoptimering av en etanolfabrik för integrering med ENA Energis kraftvärmeverk. : Baserat på en regional energibalans mellan tillgång på etanolbränsle i Enköping kommun och producerad etanol med hjälp av tillgänglig ånga från ENA kraftvärmeverk." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-1608.

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The future of ethanol is depending on good solutions for the production. ENA energy power plant produces electrical power and district heating by heating biofuel. By building an integrated bioenergy plant surplus steam could be used to produce ethanol as fuel to vehicle.

This would mean that ethanol is produced renewable energy and the energy for the process derives from the surplus of power.  ENA energy, MDH (the University of Mälardalen) and the energy authority has initiated a research project were different bioenergy combinations integrate with existing power plant.  As a part of the project which size an integrated factory should be to gain the best efficiency for the plant was investigated. Consideration will be taken to the cost of the production in order to be competitive to the price of imported ethanol.

 

 

Etanolens framtid vilar på bra lösningar för framställning.  I ENA energi kraftverk i Enköping produceras el och fjärrvärme genom eldning av biobränsle.  Genom att bygga ett integrerat bioenergikraftverk där skulle man kunna använda överskottsånga till att framställa etanol som fordonsbränsle. Detta skulle innebära att etanolen framställs med ett förnybart bränsle och energin till framställningen kommer från ett överskott på värme.   ENA energi, MDH och energimyndigheten har initierat ett forskningsprojekt där en bioenergiintegrering skall undersökas.  Som del i detta skall här undersökas vilken storlek en integrerad etanolfabrik skall ha för att nå högsta totala verkningsgrad för verket samt om framställningspriset kan konkurrera med importerad etanol.

 

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5

Pedersen, Per-Kristian. "Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of a Pneumatic Resonating Device." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18575.

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Resonator AS is developing a hammer drilling system suitable for oil and geothermal drilling. The nature of the device involves high speed linear motion at high frequencies. As a result of this, the gas springs used in their device are subject to high pressures and temperatures. To prevent pressure leakage from the device, seals are installed.The seals used in the device are fit for use in a limited range of temperatures and pressures. This pose a challenge since a high amount of heat is generated as a result of the friction between the seal and and the gas spring walls.The main objective of this thesis has been to develop a model to investigate the effects of the frictional heat. Control volume techniques have been used to model the effects on the gas pressure and temperature. A detailed heat transfer formulation comprising convection and conduction has been developed. To model the conduction it was necessary to derive two-dimensional heat transfer equations for cylindrical coordinates. A MATLAB-code has been written in order to simulate the behavior of the system.Test results have been compared with the simulations to validate the model. The comparison showed that the model described the thermal inertia of the system appropriately. It also showed that the present friction model is not able to describe the friction in a satisfactory manner.
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6

Eithun, Camilla Foyn. "Development of a thermal conductivity apparatus: Analysis and design." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18588.

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This objective of this thesis has been to development and analysis a measurement apparatus designed to determine thermal conductivity of porous materials. A literature survey concerning available experimental techniques for thermal conductivity measurements was conducted. A steady state radial heat transfer method with cylindrical geometry and a centered heating element was found to be most suited technique for achieving accurate and reliable results. A side wall cooling arrangement was used to achieve desired cooling temperatures. To restrict the extent of the work, it was decided to only investigate heat transfer behavior at cryogenic temperatures. Test specimen with a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W/(m*K), (assumed to be the thermal conductivity of the materials to be tested in the apparatus) and a thermal conductivity of 0.01 W/(m*K) for the insulation components, were the ones chosen for investigations. The design process of the new apparatus, using the software COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2, was initiated by evaluating heat transfer behavior in a simple cylinder, containing a hollow heating element and the test specimen. Radial heat transfer was verified, hence, the design process proceeded. Extensive, step-wise analyses were conducted to evaluate heat transfer behavior as the complexity of the apparatus increased. Implemented elements such as insulation blocks, a heater support and three thermocouples proved to cause heat losses in the test section, which resulted in errors in the calculated thermal conductivities. Furthermore, an electric wire, supplying the heating element with current, was included in the model. In addition, the hollow heater was replaced by an aluminum oxide heater since such an element is to be used when building the apparatus. Unexpected results revealed critical heat transfer into the test section from the wire. This led to an investigation of the wire length to reduce such effects. Lastly, as a result of the analyses carried out, the overall error of the thermal conductivity measurements due to heat losses was determined. Dimensional drawings of the characteristic dimensions, as well as practical solutions for the final compilation of the apparatus, were suggested as the last step of the design process. It was of interest to estimate the overall uncertainty of the apparatus when all parameters effecting the measurements, were included. For this, a comprehensive uncertainty analysis was conducted and compared to previous work. Results showed that temperature recordings from the thermocouples placed in the mid-section of the test cylinder would provide the most reliable results for the determination of thermal conductivity in the test apparatus.
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Trøtscher, Thomas. "Large-scale Wind Power integration in a Hydro-Thermal Power Market." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9551.

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This master thesis describes a quadratic programming model used to calculate the spot prices in an efficient multi-area power market. The model has been adapted to Northern Europe, with focus on Denmark West and the integration of large quantities of wind power. In the model, demand and supply of electricity are equated, at an hourly time resolution, to find the spot price in each area. Historical load values are used to represent demand which is assumed to be completely inelastic. Supply is modeled according to the type of generation: Thermal generators are represented by piecewise linear, upward sloping, marginal cost curves. Historical wind generation data is used to model the fluctuating wind power output, and wind power is considered to have zero marginal cost. Hydro power is modeled by one aggregate reservoir for Norway and one for Sweden; the marginal cost of hydro power is set as a function of the difference between the reservoir level and the historical median reservoir level. Additionally, decentral combined heat and power plants in Denmark are considered to operate irrespective of the market. Six separate price areas constitute the model: Denmark West, Denmark East, Norway, Sweden/Finland, Germany, and Central Europe. The areas are modeled as having no internal bottlenecks and are connected by tie-lines constrained by active power limits. This report quantifies the impact the installed wind power capacity has on the power price in Denmark West by scaling up the wind power output in the model. Because wind power has a marginal cost close to zero, it will force prices down. The effect will be most prominent during high wind speed hours in a power system with substantial amounts of wind power. Results show that the impact is modest; average power prices fall by only 10% if the installed wind power capacity is doubled, and thermal generation will set the power price in all hours until wind energy exceeds 50% of domestic demand in Denmark. Since prices fall the most during hours with high wind power output, income to wind turbine owners will decline quickly as the installed capacity becomes large. The effect is most pronounced at wind energy shares above 40%, thereafter the income -- per MWh sold -- falls rapidly. In absence of government subventions, this effect will limit the economically viable level of installed wind power capacity. Expansion of the cross-border transmission capacity and higher thermal generation costs can both help offset the income reduction to wind turbine owners from higher wind power penetration. Alone, a 30% increase in thermal generation costs can allow 50% of wind energy and still retain todays income to wind turbine owners. Use of the Norwegian hydro reservoirs to balance out fluctuations in wind power output is found to stabilize and reduce the price. This benefits both consumers and wind turbine owners in Denmark. Expansion of transmission capacity to Norway will further stabilize the price; a new 1000MW cable lets the Danish market easily accomodate 50% wind energy. With lower and more volatile prices as a result of high wind power penetration, a load can profit by being flexible. Water electrolysis is one such load; it uses electricity to produce hydrogen, and production can quickly be ramped up and down in accordance with the power price. Presently, steam methane reforming is the least expensive method of producing hydrogen, but with higher wind power penetration, electrolysis might become competitive. Using a previously developed model to assess the cost of electrolysis, in combination with the power market model developed here, this report finds that wind energy must exceed 85% of domestic demand in Denmark, combined with higher natural gas prices, for electrolysis to break even with steam methane reforming.

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8

Linde, Daniel. "Evaluation of a Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector prototype." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24061.

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This Master thesis, in collaboration with Morgonsol Väst AB, was completed as a part of the Solar Energy engineering program at Dalarna University. It analyses the electrical and thermal performance of a prototype PVT collector developed by Morgonsol Väst AB. By following the standards EN 12975 and EN ISO 9806 as guides, the thermal tests of the collector were completed at the facility in Borlänge. The electrical performance of the PVT collector was evaluated by comparing it to a reference PV panel fitted next to it. The result from the tests shows an improved electrical performance of the PVT collector caused by the cooling and a thermal performance described by the linear efficiency curve ηth=0.53-21.6(Tm-Ta/G). The experimental work in this thesis is an initial study of the prototype PVT collector that will supply Morgonsol Väst with important data for future development and research of the product.
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9

Eriksson, Linnea. "The impact of calculation methods on the gap between predicted and actual energy performance of buildings : Using a thermal simulation model of a building." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33225.

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The building sector is responsible for almost a quarter of the total carbon dioxide emissions. The urgency to reduce the emissions is reflected in the stricter guidelines which have been set all over the world. To reduce the building sector’s emissions the energy consumption need to be reduced, which can be done in two ways: building new energy efficient buildings or retrofitting of current buildings. Due to the life expectancy of current building stock the largest savings before 2030 will be made through retrofits. For this reliable computational tools are required, and currently there is a gap between the predicted and actual performance of retrofitted buildings. This thesis is going to look into how the computational method is contributing to the performance gap. A building at the RMIT campus in Melbourne, Australia, which is going to be retrofitted through retrofits designed by Siemens, is used. A thermal simulation model of the building was built, and tuned to reflect the pre-retrofit building, and compared against the measured energy performance of the building. The retrofits were then implemented in the simulation model and the gap in the predictions between the simpler computational method used by Siemens in designing the retrofits, and the extensive simulation model was compared. The gap between the computational methods were analysed in order to see how Siemens calculation method contribute to the performance gap. The conclusions which have been drawn are that the simulation model is reflecting the energy use of the building well considering the access of data available during the study. Especially the electricity use is reflected well both in the total annual use, approximately 4 % gap to measured value, and the monthly variation over the year. The total natural gas use is under predicting the annual use, approximately 40 % gap to the measured value, but shows a good correlation to the monthly variation. The electricity use is relatively stable in the simulation model, where the natural gas was sensitive for direct changes to the heating system. The input parameters which have the largest impact in the electricity use are internal gain profiles and the electrical internal gains energy use. Siemens calculation method are contributing to the performance gap through the lack of interaction between the different retrofits, the light retrofit have a noticeable impact on the heating and cooling system of the building. To only use one single period in the regression models can also easily lead to incorrect predictions. The strength of the simulation model is its ability to see the retrofits influence on each other and the possibility for scenario analysis.
Byggnadssektorn är ansvarig för nästan en fjärdedel av de totala globala koldioxidutsläppen. Viljan att minska utsläppen kan ses i de allt striktare riktlinjer som sätts över hela världen. För att reducera utsläppen finns det två sätt: bygga nya energieffektiva byggnader eller ombyggnation av nuvarande byggnader. Livslängden på nuvarande byggnadsbestånd innebär att de största besparingarna innan 2030 kommer att ske inom ombyggnationer. För detta krävs tillförlitliga verktyg, och i nuläget finns det ett gap mellan byggnaders förutspådda och verkliga energiprestanda. I denna examensuppsatts kommer beräkningsmetodens inflytande över detta gap att undersökas. En byggnad på RMIT:s campus i Melbourne, Australien, som kommer att undergå en ombyggnation som designats av Siemens har använts. En termisk simuleringsmodell av byggnaden skapades och avstämdes mot den verkliga byggnaden, och jämfördes mot uppmätta värden av byggnadens energiprestanda. Ombyggnationerna var sedan implementerade och skillnaden mellan den förutspådda prestandan av byggnaden, genom den omfattande simuleringsmodellen och den enklare beräkningsmetoden som användes av Siemens, jämfördes. Genom att analysera gapet mellan de olika beräkningsmetoderna kunde slutsatser dras angående hur de kan bidra till gapet i energiprestanda. Slutsatserna från arbetet är att simuleringsmodellen ger en bra bild av energianvändningen av byggnaden, med hänsyn till informationen som varit tillänglig. Byggnadens totala uppmätta elektricitetsanvändning är speciellt väl överrensstämmande med simuleringsmodellens resultat både i den årliga användningen, ca 4 % skillnad från uppmätta värden, och variationen över ett år. Den totala användningen av naturgas enligt simuleringsmodellen är under de uppmätta värdena med en skillnad på ca 40 %, men med en god överrensstämmelse med den årliga variationen. Användningen av elektricitet i modellen är relativt stabil, användningen av naturgas är känslig för direkta ändringar till uppvärmningssystemet. Inputparametrarna som har störst inverkan på elanvändningen är interna, energiproducerande och konsumerande, enheters användningsprofil (PC, personer, ljus m.m.), el konsumtion, och latenta samt sensibla värme. Siemens beräkningsmetod bidrar till gapet mellan förutspådda och verkliga energiprestanda genom brist på samverkan mellan de olika delarna i ombyggnationen. Ombyggnationen som innebär uppgradering av byggnadens belysning innebär exempelvis märkbara skillnader i byggnadens uppvärmnings- och kylsystem. Användningen av endast en period i skapandet av regressionsmodeller för att förutspå vattenkokarnas och kylarnas användning leder även till en missledande framtida energiproduktion. Styrkan i simuleringsmodellen är möjligheten till samverkan mellan olika ombyggnationer påverkan på varandra samt möjligheten till scenarioanalys.
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Singh, Chitranjan, and Tamas Tamilinas. "Energy optimization tool for mild hybrid vehicles with thermal constraints." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293496.

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The current global scenario is such where impact on the environment is becoming a rising concern. Global automotive manufacturers have focused more towards hybrid and electric vehicles as both more aware customers and governmental legislation have begun demanding higher emission standards. One of the many ways that Volvo Car Group approaches this trend is by mild hybridization which is by assisting the combustion engine by a small electric motor and a battery pack. A smart energy management strategy is needed in order to get the most out of the benefits that hybrid electric vehicles offer. The main objective of this strategy is to utilize the electrical energy on-board in such a manner that the overall efficiency of the hybrid powertrain becomes as high as possible. The current implementation is such that the decision for using the on-board battery is non-predictive. This results in a sub-optimal utilization of the hybrid powertrain. In this thesis, a predictive energy optimization tool is developed to maximize the utility of hybridization and the practical implementation of this tool is investigated. The optimization considers both the capacity as well as the thermal loadconstraints of the battery. The developed optimization tool uses information about the route ahead together with convex optimization to produce optimal reference trajectories of the battery states. These trajectories are used in a real-time controller to determine the battery use by controlling the adjoint states in the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy equation. This optimization tool is validated and compared with the baseline controller in a simulation environment based on Simulink. When perfect information about the road ahead is known, the average reduction in fuel consumption is 0.99% relative the baseline controller. Several issues occurring in the real implementation are explored, such as the limited computational speed and the length of the route ahead that can be predicted. For this reason the information input to the optimization tool is segmented and the resulting performance is investigated. For a 30 second segmentation of the future route information, the average saving in fuel consumption is 0.13% relative to the baseline controller. It is shown that the main factor limiting the amount of savings in fuel consumption is the introduction of the thermal load constraints on the battery.
Det nuvarande globala scenariot är sådant där miljöpåverkan håller på att bli en växande angelägenhet. Globala fordonstillverkare har fokuserat mer på hybrid- och elfordon, eftersom både mer medvetna kunder och statlig lagstiftning har börjat kräva högre emissionskrav. Ett av de många sätt som Volvo Car Group närmar sig denna trend är genom mild hybridisering genom att bistå förbränningsmotorn med en liten elmotor och ett batteripaket. En smart strategi för energihantering behövs för att få ut det mesta av de fördelar som hybrida elfordon erbjuder. Huvudsyftet med denna strategi är att utnyttja den elektriska energin ombord på ett sådant sätt att den totala effektiviteten hos hybriddrivlinan blir så hög som möjligt.Den nuvarande implementeringen är sådan att beslutet att använda det fordonsbaserade batteriet är inte-förutsägbart. Detta resulterar i en suboptimal användning av hybriddrivlinan. I denna avhandling är ett prediktivt Energioptimeringsverktyg utvecklat för att maximera nyttan av hybridisering och det praktiska implementerandet av detta verktyg undersöks. Optimeringen beaktar både kapaciteten och de termiska belastningsbegränsningarna hos batteriet. Det utvecklade optimeringsverktyg använder information om vägen framåt tillsammans medkonvex optimering för att producera optimala referenstrajektorier av batteritillståndet. Dessa trajektorier används i en realtidsstyrenhet för att bestämma batterianvändningen genom att kontrollera adjungerade tillstånden strategiekvationen för den ekvivalenta förbrukningsminimiseringen. Optimeringsverktyget verifieras och jämförs med den ursprungliga styrenheten i en simuleringsmiljö baserad på Simulink. När perfekt information om vägen framåt är känd, är den genomsnittliga minskningen av bränsleförbrukningen 0,99 % relativt den ursprungliga styrenheten. Flera frågor som uppstår i den verkliga implementeringen undersöks, såsom den begränsade beräkningshastigheten och längden på den väg framåt som kan förutses. Av denna anledning är segmenteras informationen till optimeringsverktyget och den resulterande prestandan undersöks. För en 30 sekunders segmentering av framtida väginformation är den genomsnittliga besparingen i bränsleförbrukningen 0,13 % i förhållande till den ursprungligastyrenheten. Resultaten visar att den viktigaste faktorn som begränsar bränsleförbrukningsbesparingen är införandet av de termiska belastningsbegränsningarna på batteriet.
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Books on the topic "Energi Thermal"

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Penoncello, Steven G. Thermal Energy Systems. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22141.

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Ding, Yulong, ed. Thermal Energy Storage. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788019842.

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Ali, Hafiz Muhammad, Furqan Jamil, and Hamza Babar. Thermal Energy Storage. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1131-5.

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Canada, Energy Mines and Resources Canada. Thermal storage. Ottawa, Ont: Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1985.

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Canada. Energy, Mines and Resources Canada. Thermal storage. Ottawa, Ont: Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1985.

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Norton, Brian. Solar energy thermal technology. London: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Norton, Brian. Solar Energy Thermal Technology. London: Springer London, 1992.

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Takahashi, Patrick K. Ocean thermal energy conversion. New York: John Wiley, 1996.

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Garg, H. P., S. C. Mullick, and A. K. Bhargava. Solar Thermal Energy Storage. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5301-7.

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Becker, Manfred, and Karl-Heinz Funken, eds. Solar Thermal Energy Utilization. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52340-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Energi Thermal"

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Borah, Sushmita, Amin Al-Habaibeh, and Rolands Kromanis. "The Effect of Temperature Variation on Bridges—A Literature Review." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 207–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_26.

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AbstractBridges are commonly subjected to complex load scenarios in their lifetime. Understanding the response of bridges under such load scenarios is important to ensure their safety. While static and dynamic loads from vehicles and pedestrians influence the instantaneous response of bridges, studies show that thermal load from diurnal and seasonal temperature variation influences its long-term response and durability. This study addresses the effects of thermal load variation on bridges and briefly reviews methods of measuring such effects. The findings show that thermally induced deformations in bridges are of magnitude equal or larger than that induced by vehicle induced load. This study highlights the significance of measuring temperature responses of bridges for their robust structural health monitoring.
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Tamme, Rainer, Doerte Laing, Wolf-Dieter Steinmann, and Thomas Bauer. "Thermal Energy Storage thermal energy storage." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 10551–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_684.

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Tamme, Rainer, Doerte Laing, Wolf-Dieter Steinmann, and Thomas Bauer. "Thermal Energy Storage thermal energy storage." In Solar Energy, 688–714. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5806-7_684.

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McMullan, R. "Thermal Energy." In Environmental Science in Building, 56–83. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22169-1_4.

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Newman, Jay. "Thermal Energy." In Physics of the Life Sciences, 1–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77259-2_12.

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Anglart, Henryk. "Thermal Energy." In Introduction to Sustainable Energy Transformation, 85–120. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003036982-7.

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Stutzmann, Martin, and Christoph Csoklich. "Thermal Energy." In The Physics of Renewable Energy, 83–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17724-8_6.

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Reed, Samuel, Heber Sugo, and Erich Kisi. "New Highly Thermally Conductive Thermal Storage Media." In Transition Towards 100% Renewable Energy, 379–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69844-1_34.

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Mertes, Claus R. "Solar Thermal Desalination solar thermal desalination." In Solar Energy, 649–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5806-7_685.

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Ehrlich, Robert, Harold A. Geller, and John R. Cressman. "Solar Thermal." In Renewable Energy, 303–40. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003172673-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Energi Thermal"

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Petruzzi, Alessandro, Francesco D’Auria, Tomislav Bajs, and Francesc Reventos. "International Training Program in Support of Safety Analysis: 3D S.UN.COP—Scaling, Uncertainty and 3D Thermal-Hydraulics/Neutron-Kinetics Coupled Codes Seminars." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-76056.

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Thermal-hydraulic system computer codes are extensively used worldwide for analysis of nuclear facilities by utilities, regulatory bodies, nuclear power plant designers and vendors, nuclear fuel companies, research organizations, consulting companies, and technical support organizations. The computer code user represents a source of uncertainty that can influence the results of system code calculations. This influence is commonly known as the ‘user effect’ and stems from the limitations embedded in the codes as well as from the limited capability of the analysts to use the codes. Code user training and qualification is an effective means for reducing the variation of results caused by the application of the codes by different users. This paper describes a systematic approach to training code users who, upon completion of the training, should be able to perform calculations making the best possible use of the capabilities of best estimate codes. In other words, the program aims at contributing towards solving the problem of user effect. The 3D S.UN.COP (Scaling, Uncertainty and 3D COuPled code calculations) seminars have been organized as follow-up of the proposal to IAEA for the Permanent Training Course for System Code Users. Nine seminars have been held at University of Pisa (two in 2004), at The Pennsylvania State University (2004), at the University of Zagreb (2005), at the School of Industrial Engineering of Barcelona (January-February 2006), in Buenos Aires, Argentina (October 2006), requested by Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN), Nucleoelectrica Argentina S.A (NA-SA) and Comisio´n Nacional de Energi´a Ato´mica (CNEA), at the College Station, Texas A&M, (January-February 2007), in Hamilton and Niagara Falls, Ontario (October 2007) requested by Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL), Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS) and Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC), in Petten, The Netherlands (October 2008) in cooperation with the Institute of Energy of the Joint Research Center of the European Commission (IE-JRC-EC). It was recognized that such courses represented both a source of continuing education for current code users and a mean for current code users to enter the formal training structure of a proposed ‘permanent’ stepwise approach to user training. The 3D S.UN.COP 2008 at IE-JRC was successfully held with the attendance of 35 participants coming from more than 10 countries and 20 different institutions (universities, vendors and national laboratories). More than 30 scientists (coming from more than 10 countries and 20 different institutions) were involved in the organization of the seminar, presenting theoretical aspects of the proposed methodologies and holding the training and the final examination. A certificate (LA Code User grade) was released to participants that successfully solved the assigned problems. A tenth seminar will be held (October 2009) at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Amsterdam (Sweden), involving more than 30 scientists between lectures and code developers (http://dimnp.ing.unipi.it/3dsuncop/2009/index.html).
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Badruzzaman, Ahmed. "Energy security and climate change — Myths and realities." In 2014 30th Semiconductor Thermal Measurement & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/semi-therm.2014.6892203.

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Klein, Levente J., Sergio Bermudez, Hans-Dieter Wehle, Stephan Barabasi, and Hendrik F. Hamann. "Sustainable data centers powered by renewable energy." In 2012 IEEE/CPMT 28th Semiconductor Thermal Measurement & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stherm.2012.6188874.

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Luttrell, Jeff, Abhishek Guhe, and Dereje Agonafer. "Expanding the envelope for indirect/direct evaporative data center cooling using thermal energy storage." In 2016 32nd Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/semi-therm.2016.7458461.

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Wu, Xiao Ping, Masataka Mochizuki, Koichi Mashiko, Thang Nguyen, Vijit Wuttijumnong, Gerald Cabsao, Randeep Singh, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Energy conservation approach for data center cooling using heat pipe based cold energy storage system." In 2010 IEEE/CPMT 26th Semiconductor Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stherm.2010.5444304.

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Parthasarathy, Swarrnna K., Khondker Z. Ahmed, Borislav Alexandrov, Satish Kumar, and Saibal Mukhopadhyay. "Energy efficient active cooling of integrated circuits using autonomous Peltier/Seebeck mode switching of a thermoelectric module." In 2014 30th Semiconductor Thermal Measurement & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/semi-therm.2014.6892222.

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Pavlovic, Milan. "ENERGY SAVINGS BY RECYCLING." In Thermal Sciences 2000. Proceedings of the International Thermal Science Seminar Bled. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2000.thersieprocvol2thersieprocvol1.780.

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Xuefei Han and Yogendra Joshi. "Energy reduction in server cooling via real time thermal control." In 2012 IEEE/CPMT 28th Semiconductor Thermal Measurement & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stherm.2012.6188829.

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Sahu, Vivek, Andrei G. Fedorov, Yogendra Joshi, Kazuaki Yazawa, Amirkoushyar Ziabari, and Ali Shakouri. "Energy efficient liquid-thermoelectric hybrid cooling for hot-spot removal." In 2012 IEEE/CPMT 28th Semiconductor Thermal Measurement & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stherm.2012.6188838.

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KOENEN, ALAIN, and DAMIEN MARQUIS. "Walls Thermal Resistance Measurement with an Energy Room Method: Uncertainty and Analysis of Different Approaches." In Thermal Conductivity 33/Thermal Expansion 21. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/tc33-te21/30342.

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Reports on the topic "Energi Thermal"

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Johra, Hicham. Thermal properties of common building materials. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau294603722.

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The aim of this technical report is to provide a large collection of the main thermos-physical properties of various common construction materials and materials composing the elements inside the indoor environment of residential and office buildings. The Excel file enclosed with this document can be easily used to find thermal properties of materials for building energy and indoor environment simulation or to analyze experimental data. Note: A more recent version of that report and database are available at: https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/thermal-properties-of-building-materials-review-and-database
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Lager, Daniel, Lia Kouchachvili, and Xavier Daguenet. TCM measuring procedures and testing under application conditions. IEA SHC Task 58, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task58-2021-0004.

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This Subtask aims to have reliable thermal analysis methods/protocols and procedures for the characterization of aterial and reaction properties for sorption and chemical reactions of thermal energy storage (TES) applications. One goal is an inventory of already standardized measurement procedures for TCM as well as of needed characterization procedures.
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Tomlinson, J., and R. Kedl. Thermal energy storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5687600.

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Liu, X., Z. Chen, and S. E. Grasby. Using shallow temperature measurements to evaluate thermal flux anomalies in the southern Mount Meager volcanic area, British Columbia, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330009.

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Geothermal is a clean and renewable energy resource. However, locating where elevated thermal gradient anomalies exist is a significant challenge when trying to assess potential resource volumes during early exploration of a prospective geothermal area. In this study, we deployed 22 temperature probes in the shallow subsurface along the south flank of the Mount Meager volcanic complex, to measure the transient temperature variation from September 2020 to August 2021. In our data analysis, a novel approach was developed to estimate the near-surface thermal distribution, and a workflow and code with python language have been completed for the thermal data pre-processing and analysis. The long-term temperature variation at different depths can be estimated by modelling, so that the relative difference of deducing deeper geothermal gradient anomalies can be assessed. Our proposed inversion and simulation methods were applied to calculating the temperature variation at 2.0 meters depth. The results identified a preferred high thermal flux anomalous zone in the south Mount Meager area. By combining with previous studies, the direct analysis and estimation of anomalous thermal fields based on the collected temperature data can provide a significant reference for interpretation of the regional thermal gradient variation.
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Feierl, Lukas, Maria Moser, and Hannes Poier. Modular conception and construction. IEA SHC Task 55, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0010.

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The factsheet gives a high-level definition of designing solar thermal systems for district heating. In addition, modules are introduced which can be used for modelling systems and finally, methods for estimating energy yield and costs of systems are described.
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Ascari, Matthew. Ocean Thermal Extractable Energy Visualization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219878.

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Bertoncelli, Mariana, and Hashim Ahmed. Thermal energy treatments for BPE. BJUI Knowledge, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0730.

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Zarza, E., D. Alarcón, M. Frasquet, and P. Saini. Integration schemes and BOPs more commonly used in commercial SHIP applications. IEA SHC Task 64, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2022-0001.

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The main objective of the Subtask B in the new Task 64/IV is the definition of modularized and normalized components/subsystems for applications in the field of Solar Heat for industrial Processes (SHIP), e.g. for the balance of plant (BOP), solar field, thermal energy storage and hydraulic circuit.
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Barowy, Adam, Alex Klieger, Jack Regan, and Mark McKinnon. UL 9540A Installation Level Tests with Outdoor Lithium-ion Energy Storage System Mockups. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/jemy9731.

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This report covers results of experiments conducted to obtain data on the fire and deflagration hazards from thermal runaway and its propagation through energy storage systems (ESS). The UL 9540A test standard provides a systematic evaluation of thermal runaway and propagation in energy storage system at cell, module, unit, and installation levels. The data from this testing may be used to design fire and explosion protection systems needed for safe siting and installation of ESS. In addition to temperature, pressure, and gas measurement instruments installed inside of the container, fire service portable gas monitors were placed at locations inside and outside the storage container during the experiments to assess their ability to detect products of thermal runaway and inform fire service size-up decisions. Review section 2.2.3 Fire Service Size-up Equipment to learn more. This research demonstrates a clear need for responding firefighters to have early access to data from instrumentation installed within an ESS, particularly gas measurement instrumentation, available through a monitoring panel. Additionally, it highlights the importance of communication between responding firefighters and personnel responsible for management of the ESS, who can aid in complete evaluation of system data to develop a more clear picture of system status and potential hazards.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry, and Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.

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The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.
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