Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Energianalys'
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Bengtsson, Conny. "Energianalys av luftbehandling." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15234.
Full textElectricity consumption for ventilation has increased by 40% since 1990 in Sweden. Ventilation is an environmental villain since inquiries indicates that the electricity consumption for ventilation system fans can be much reduced. Reduction of electricity consumption for ventilation purposes can be achieved through e.g. the exchange of fan motors to EC motors or to fans with backward curved blades and direct drive. Such measures can provide reduced power consumption by up to 50 % in some applications. The ventilation fans in Sweden consume 12.3 TWh each year. Today Sweden has 175 000 ventilation systems with too high consumption of electricity and no heat recycling. According to the Swedish Energy Agency the ventilation sector has a large potential for savings and the energy consumption for ventilation could be lowered by 30 % (3,5 TWh), which roughly corresponds to the total annual wind power production in Sweden. The Analytical tool developed in this thesis work is designed to be user friendly and is thought to be an aid when evaluating functionality and efficiency in air treatment system. The tool analyzes data from measurements and produces key ratios which are then compared with given key ratios and standard guidelines. The Analysis tool was tested on one reference object and functioned as intended, but may at this stage be considered as a prototype that can be further developed. Specific training will be required before using the analysis tool with consideration to electrical safety and accuracy of measurement. This thesis work aims at evaluating the potential savings within air treatment systems in energy efficient buildings, and to develop a calculation tool to meet the demand that is likely to arise from property owners who want to save energy.
Månsson, Markus, and Peter Wahlgren. "Energianalys på Volvo Aero." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11688.
Full textDetta examensarbete har genomförts på Volvo Aero i Trollhättan och består av tre delar: en kartläggning av processventilationens uppbyggnad på ett antal utvalda maskiner och beräkning av dess energiåtgång, en jämförelse ur energieffektivitetssynpunkt mellan ett nyutvecklat maskinkoncept som kallas MultiTask-Cell och traditionell tillverkning, sist har en tomgångsanalys gjorts i verkstaden för att identifiera vad som använder elenergi då ingen produktion sker.
För att kunna genomföra uppgifterna har mätningar av elanvändningen gjorts på både maskinnivå och transformatorer, detta för att kunna beräkna energianvändning på utvalda maskiner och även få en helhetssyn över verkstadens energianvändning. Det har även gjorts datainsamling och intervjuer för att få grepp över processventilationens funktion och uppbyggnad.
Det finns två varianter på processluften, ett där konstant relativt högt luftflöde används och ett när man genom varvtalsreglering av fläkten använder ett lägre grundflöde som forceras en viss tid vid spindelstopp. Ur energisynpunkt är metoden med grundflöde och forcering att föredra då det leder till både mindre energiförluster genom processluften och en stor minskning av fläktens elbehov. Det har även räknats ut en teoretisk energibesparing vid införande av värmeåtervinning för två maskingrupperingar.
Jämförelsen mellan MultiTask-cellen och traditionella maskiner har gjorts genom att mäta den energi det krävs för att tillverka en detalj för respektive tillverkningssätt. MultiTask-cellen visade sig använda cirka 25 % mindre energi än de traditionella maskinerna för tillverkning av samma typ av detalj.
Tomgångsanalysen visar på ett högt effektuttag även då det ej sker någon produktion på Volvo Aero. Detta beror till stor del på att maskinerna har en relativt hög tomgångsförbrukning. Denna krävs för att hålla maskinen varm vilket ger en så problemfri uppstart som möjligt. Att byta ut allmänbelysningens armatur till nyare och modernare skulle årligen ge en betydande energibesparing.
Beckne, Petter, and Eric Palander. "Energianalys av nybyggt trygghetsboende." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76520.
Full textAfter 2045, greenhouse gases should be reduced to a zero level according to the Swedish parliament. Energy use in Sweden from residential and service sector is 40 % of the country´s total energy use. The study is based on an energy analysis of a multi-family building in Ronneby. The building is a trygghetsboende, which means unique living conditions for the residens. Actual energy use in the building is about 25 % higher than projected energy use. The main purpose of the study is to make energy calculations to match better with real specific energy use. The study is based on energy simulations, thermography and interviews of residents´ airing habits. Results from the simulations based on actual data, show an expected energy use similar to the measured values. Differences between the simulations depend on the unique conditions in the building, input data for ventilation and the building envelope elements. The conclusion is that living habits of residents in buildings have a decisive role in the buildings energy use.
Bringner, Martin. "Energianalys av Lavalverkstaden : Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery." Thesis, Linköping University, Energy Systems, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52124.
Full textDet svenska elpriset har under de senaste åren stigit kraftigt vilket inneburit avsevärt högre energikostnader för många företag. Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery i Finspång är en av dessa och har under en längre tid sett hur energianvändningen ökar för varje år, framförallt på grund av en allt intensivare produktion. Företaget vill därför se över energianvändningen i verksamheten. En energikartläggning och åtgärdsförslag av den största produktionsbyggnaden på området, Lavalverkstaden, är ett steg i den riktningen.
Energikartläggningen har i grunden baserats på mätningar för att få en översiktlig bild över hur energianvändningen ser ut. Det sker genom att dela in energianvändningen i enhetsprocesser. Med mätningarna som stöd har också åtgärdsförslag identifierats och till viss del har det varit möjligt att kvantifiera besparingspotentialen. Investeringskostnaden är beräknad för de två största investeringarna, i övriga åtgärder är bara hänsyn tagen till besparingen.
Resultatet visar att det finns stora möjligheter att energieffektivisera verksamheten. Byte till ny allmänbelysning och ny tryckluftskompressor är de åtgärder som kräver störst investeringar men som också ger störst besparingar. LCC-analyser visar i båda fallen stor lönsamhet och investeringarna är betalda inom fyra respektive sex år. För övrigt föreslås bland annat konvertering, styrning av belysning och reducerad tomgång. Till följd av åtgärderna kan totalt 1,6 Mkr sparas genom reducering av
- 1 540 MWh el (-13 %)
- 733 MWh fjärrvärme (-15 %)
- 261 MWh fjärrkyla (-12 %)
Förutom de åtgärder som kan konkretiseras just nu finns en stor potential på lång sikt. Genom att fokusera mer på energianvändningen i det dagliga arbetet och ersätta energikrävande utrustning mot energieffektivare alternativ kan företagets energianvändning reduceras även framöver. Bland annat finns förslag i rapporten på vad som bör finnas med i inköpsrutiner för att främja inköp av energieffektiv utrustning.
In recent years the Swedish electricity price has risen sharply, which resulted in significantly higher energy costs for the companies. Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery in Finspång is one of those companies and for a long time they have seen how the energy usage is increasing every year, mainly due to an increased production. Therefore the company wants to investigate the energy usage and make an energy analysis of Laval workshop, the biggest production plant of the company.
The energy analysis is fundamentally based on measurements to get an overview of the energy usage of the plant. By dividing those in support and production processes, possibilities to energy efficiency measures have been identified and the savings potential quantified. The investment cost is quantified for the two largest investments, in other energy efficiency measures only the saving is taken into account.
The conclusion is that there are great possibilities to increase energy efficiency. A change of general illumination and a new air compressor calls for the greatest investments but also provides the greatest savings. LCC-analysis shows in both cases high profitability and investments are payed back within four and six years respectively. Moreover, a conversion, reduced lighting and idling losses is suggested. Due to the proposed actions, savings of totally 1.6 million SEK a year can be made by reducing
- 1537 MWh (-13 %) of electricity
- 733 MWh (-15 %) of district heating
- 261 MWh (-12 %) of district cooling
In addition to the energy efficiency measures that can be concretized there is a great potential to reduce the energy use also in longer term by focusing more of energy use in daily work. By adding routines when purchasing, energy efficient equipment can be promoted and energy use will be reduced even more.
Corrigox, Adam. "Energianalys av rörledning med överhettad vattenånga." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33165.
Full textHeat transfer is an important physical phenomenon with many different industrial applications, where the transport of a fluid in a pipe is an important part. The main mechanism of heat transfer in flowing or stagnant fluids is convection. A better knowledge and understanding of the underlying physics would imply that the design of the systems could be optimized in order to obtain an economic process by minimizing energy losses and cost of materials. A steam turbine in a power plant produces electricity by superheated steam flowing through the turbine. The superheated steam is then transported from the turbine into a pipeline to be used for heating processes in a nearby pulp mill. In this work, an energy analysis was carried out on the pipeline with superheated steam in order to determine the temperature distribution. The choice of material in the pipeline is dependent on pressure and temperature, and with a lack of knowledge of the temperature distribution along the pipe, the construction could be unnecessarily costly. A mathematical model was set up with the energy balances acting on the pipeline. An analytical calculation was carried out to analyze how much the heat loss from the pipe is and how much the temperature of the steam decreases. A dynamic model was then built in Simulink to simulate the accumulation of heat in the pipe and the insulation over time, and the mass flow of cooling water. A literature study of the vaporization of the cooling water was carried out to find the parameters that affect evaporation and thus is important in determining the time it takes until all have vaporized. The results of the calculations show that the temperature drop of the superheated steam in the flow direction becomes very small. This is because the energy content of the flowing steam is very large compared to the heat loss through the pipe wall. The result from the dynamic simulation shows that the insulation has a larger time constant compared to steel pipe. This is presented in the form of the step response. The choice of material will be affected by the position of the desuperheater. In this system the desuperheater is not optimally placed since it is about 42 m after the inlet of the turbine. It would therefore be possible to place it closer to the turbine and then switch to a cheaper lower strength material.
Blomqvist, Camilla. "Jämförande klimat- och energianalys av tunneldrivningsmetoder." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297794.
Full textA new metro line of eight kilometers will be built in Stockholm between Älvsjö and Fridhemsplan, where WSP has been commissioned to carry out a location work that is an initial stage in the project. As part of the location investigation, it is included to choose which tunnel driving method is to be used for the tunnel operation, where conventional tunneling with drilling and blasting is compared with full- face-boring with a tunnel boring machine. This thesis is a comparison between the two tunneling methods where the investigated parameters are climate impact in the form of greenhouse gas emissions and energy use in the form of primary energy and energy for processes. The methods were investigated through a limited life cycle analysis that included the construction of the metro and a limited part of the use phase. The results showed that for tunneling in hard rock without weakness zones, which is the most advantageous, conventional tunneling performs better from a climate perspective, while the methods have almost the same energy use. The resources with the largest contribution were concrete, shotcrete, rock shafts and rock mass transport. A sensitivity analysis was performed to test the methods' sensitivity to changes in input data and conditions. For geological changes where the section was assumed to consist of a water passage with weakness zones, the tunnel boring machine performed best for both parameters. With changes in the form of increased grouting of cement, conventional tunneling showed the greatest sensitivity, but the order of magnitude did not change compared with the standard scenario. Furthermore, it was tested how the methods reacted to the inclusion of reinvestment, in the form of repairs of drainage mat and shotcrete, where the results showed that conventional tunneling had the greatest sensitivity, but even here the magnitude remained the same. In addition, measures were identified whose emission factors could be used to calculate potential climate impact reduction for the two tunneling methods. The measures with the greatest reduction potential included, among other things, electrification, hybridization, carbon dioxide storage and the use of biofuel and biochar. This scenario showed that by 2045 it is possible to reduce the climate impact by 97.6 percent for-face-boring and 87 percent for conventional tunneling. The implementation of the measures resulted in the full-face-boring having the lowest climate impact from 2035 onwards. Recommendations for further studies are to include more sustainability parameters but also to design goals that limit energy use to a sustainable level, in the same way that there are climate neutrality goals. It is also recommended to focus on the resources that did not show as high a reduction potential, more specifically drainage mats and explosives. There is great potential for reducing their climate impact, but it is probably a matter of time, costs and risks within it is implemented. It may also be interesting to examine the processes that were excluded from the life cycle, especially regarding the work machines such as the tunnel boring machine.
Patsonen, Joakim, and Jonas Johansson. "Energianalys av studentbostäder : -Kv. Gråstenen i Halmstad." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5182.
Full textDetta examensarbete är en energianalys av Studentboendet på Nyhemsgatan, Kv. Gråstenen Halmstad, i samarbete med Halmstads Fastighets AB.
Fastigheterna är byggda 1997 och är till antalet 11 stycken med sammanlagt 385 lägenheter, avsedda för studenter under den tid de studerar i staden. I var och ett av de 11 husen finns för gemensamt bruk ett allrum samt ett större kök där studenter kan samlas om så önskas och på entréplan finns en tvättstuga tillgänglig.
En analys genomfördes genom att studera konstruktionsritningar, ventilation, värme och vattensystem samt att beräkningar på fastigheterna utfördes i datorprogrammen, VIP+ och Isover Energi vilka sedan analyserades. Med hjälp av termografering påvisar vi här köldbryggor vid fönster samt vid anslutningen vägg och vindsbjälklag.
Till sist tog vi fram åtgärdsförslag som vi rekommenderar för att sänka energiförbrukningen. Bland dessa åtgärdsförslag kan nämnas installation av frånluftsvärmepump samt en översyn av duschanordningarna.
Som sammanfattning kan sägas att byggnaderna är i ett gott skick men med höga energiförbrukningar där möjlighet till besparingar finns.
Carlander, Nathalie, and Sara Vagiström. "Energianalys och förbättringsåtgärder : Axel Dahlströms Torg 3." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10752.
Full textZayton, Hedro Gabriel, and Nagra Jaspreet Singh. "Energianalys av äldre flerbostadshus : Kvarter Kommissionären i Mariestad." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-765.
Full textThis bachelor thesis does an energy analysis of six multi-family houses. The properties are located in the housing block called Kommissionären and are owned by Mariehus AB. This company manages and develops renting apartments and make sure that their residents feel good in their properties. The purpose of this diploma work is to help the company analyze their properties from both an energy and a building technical point of view. The purpose is to study energy usages and energy losses. This proposes a couple of steps to reduce and improve the energy efficiency in the houses. The six houses were built between in the 1940´-s and the 1960’-s and are in need of refurbishment to become more energy efficient. The reason is large energy losses through different parts of climate shell. Regarding ventilation, a lot of energy is lost annually which, through simple measures, can be saved. In summary, the six multi-family houses are in fairly good condition considering their age, but that there is still potential for saving energy due to the high energy losses.
Östanbäck, Kristian. "Energianalys av fastigheten Björnen : Kvarteret Björnen i Mariestad." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-806.
Full textThis report is covering an energy analysis of the property Björnen, Mariestad. The report willcover aspects assumed to have a critical impact on the energy use of this property in particular.Examples on how produce documentation and analysis of existing documentation is covered.Missing documentation or badly organized one can cause major problems in an energy analysis.This problem is sought to be partially eliminated through this report.One purpose of this report is to declare possible profits that may be the result of proposed energyefficiency actions regarding this property. Actions such as renovation. The central purpose,however, is to create an understanding of how this property in particular is using the energydelivered to it. A survey of how the property is functioning in these aspects with appurtenantstatistics and analysis are covered. This should act as a base of thought to consider for possibleactions taken with this property in the future.
Ahl, Victor, and Erik Henriksson. "Energianalys och förslag på energieffektivisering : Nohabgatan 11, Trollhättan." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15440.
Full textIn this report an energy analysis of a brick building housing mostly office- and workshop businesses. The energy analysis contained a heating balance and an electricity balance. The result of these balances was the basis for a couple of suggestions of interventions for energy efficiency. The purpose was to make an energy analysis regarding heating and cooling demand as well as electricity usage for a building in Trollhättan and also give propositions of interventions for energy efficiency. With a starting-point in drawings of the building and also collected data for bought district heating (?) and electricity for 2017, a heating balance and an electricity balance was set up. From these balances calculations were made to give a perspicuous picture over what the heat and electricity is used for in the building. The heating losses consisted of transmission-, ventilation-, infiltration- and drainage pipe losses. The input of heat consisted of bought district heating, solar radiation, internal heat from electrical devices and persons in the building as well as heat losses from hot water pipes and water heater that contributed to the heating. The electricity usage largely consisted of lighting, computers with accessories, kitchen equipment, ventilation system, pumps, cooling system and servers. The bought district heating was 863 823 kWh and the bought electricity was 482 395 kWh, whereof 119 179 kWh was calculated to be useful heat for the building. Solar radiation was calculated to contribute to the heating with 35 249 kWh. Of losses, transmission was the larger item with 822 747 kWh followed by infiltration losses of 131 258 kWh and ventilation losses of 77 418 kWh. Drainage pipe losses as well as input heating through heat losses from hot water pipes and water heater was small in the context. The results of the calculations showed that the building had an energy performance of 130 kWh/(m2, year) and an electricity usage of 21 kWh/(m2, year).Energy saving interventions that was proposed was for instance additional insulation, change of lighting, overlooking the operation of ventilation- and heating system, change of pumps, installing solar cells and Demand Controlled Ventilation.
Music, Nermina, and Hilda Lund. "Energianalys av Sveriges största skola byggd med passivhusteknik." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76613.
Full textIn order to achieve Sweden's energy goals, the service sector needs to build energy-efficient buildings. Therefore, the national board of housing, building and planning proposed building regulations called BBR that consists of requirements and general recommendations for both new and existing building and contains multidimensional aspects including energy management in the building. Passive house building is also another promising solution to approach an energy efficient building. The main aim of this study is to assess the energy performance of a case study building according to the both BBR and passive house building criteria. Correspondingly, Elmeskolan, which has been built based on passive house standards, is chosen as the case study and a model is developed using a building energy-modelling program, VIP-Energy. The result of the energy calculation has been compared with the requirements of BBR 22 and 25 and the Passive House Standards. The study shows that the requirements for BBR and Passive House Standards were met for the case studied building. The primary energy demand of the heat supply system in the building is assessed by considering either geothermal or district heating system according to the Boverket’s energy management building regulations. It is concluded that the primary energy demand in case of using geothermal system is lower than district heating system to supply building heating demand. A simplified LCC analysis has been considered in this study due to the passive house standard and BBR 22 and 25 building regulations. The results show energy cost of the case studied building that is built based on passive house criteria is 25 % of total energy cost of similar building that built based on BBR 22 requirements. The results show the benefits of passive house requirements in comparison with BBR regulations for the case studied building in terms of thermo-economic objectives.
Andersson, Alexander, and FAHRIYE Cennet Lindström. "ENERGIANALYS AV FASTIGHETEN ANDERSLUND 12 : Energieffektiviseringsmöjlighet med solceller." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54901.
Full textLundberg, Johan, and Jonas Lindvall. "Energi och klimatanalys O-huset på Campus i Halmstad." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1576.
Full textAbstract
The indoor environment affects the human performance. Noise pollution, poor lightning and coloring are some of the factors that affect our work performance. The human is also affected by the air change and temperature, these factors are in most buildings possible to adjust and through this make economic savings. To find out about the indoor environment in the O-building a questionnaire was handed out, measurements/surveys and an interview was also made. 108 questionnaires where handed out to employees and students. An interview with a teacher, Ingrid Svetoft with good knowledge about the O-building, the answers given in the interview supported the answers given by the questionnaire. Measurements and surveys were made in a lecture room, two offices, a computer room, a study room and a dining room. Measurements and surveys were made on the content of carbon dixode, air temperature and relative moister content. After the analysis of the questionnaire and the interview with Ingrid it has been known that a relative large share participation thinks that it is cold in the building, mainly in the wintertime. Some parts in the building also have inadequate lighting even though the building has big parts of windows. Even if there are faults in the building, most of the employees and students think that it is a good indoor climate. The energy consumption has been reduced for each year since it has been in use. Which is positive in one way, but this could be the problem of the low temperature during the winter.
Ardalani, Alan, and Eddie Holm. "Energianalys mellan programmen IES (Integrated Environmental Solutions) och Enorm." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49095.
Full textI fastighetsbranschen har intresset ökat för nya metoder och verktyg. Detta gör att det dyker upp nya program som är till för att förenkla arbetet med energieffektivisering och miljöfrågor. I samråd med Björn Alsmark på teknikkonsultföretaget Bjerking AB beslutades att detta examensarbete skulle undersöka programmet IES (Integrated Environmental Solutions) med hjälp av applikationen Revit Architecture. För att göra denna undersökning har Bjerking, tillhandahållit ett färdigprojekterat projekt, en förskola belägen i Uppsala. Bjerking AB har ansökt om att få förskolan Green Building-certifierad. Enligt Bjerkings egna beräkningar med energiberäkningsprogrammet Enorm är energiförbrukningen 48 procent lägre än BBR-kravet. En studie har gjorts av två olika energiberäkningsprogram IES VE och Enorm. Målet är att jämföra dessa två program och att testa om det i Bjerkings fall vore lämpligt att ersätta Enorm med IES. Kan Enorm eller IES uppfylla BBR:s krav? Till en början gjordes flera justeringar och avgränsningar för att examensarbetet skulle rymmas inom ramen om 15 hp. Därefter gjordes litteraturstudier. Sedan modellerades förskolan upp i Revit Architecture och anpassades för IES. Komplikationer uppstod när modellen skulle föras över till IES. Istället för att använda sig av Revit, modellerades en förenkling av förskolan i IES:s modelleringsprogram ModelIT. Solstudier gjordes i SunCast för att ta reda på var på byggnadens skuggor uppstår, samt effekter från solen. Resultaten användes till energiberäkningen i ApacheSim. I ApHVAC designades ett schema för ventilationssystemet. Resultatet visade att IES VE är en lämplig programvara och att det finns utrymme för förbättring av integrationen mellan IES och Revit.
Vendel, Jesper. "Energianalys och kartläggning av värmeväxlarsystem i Kvarnsvedens pappersbruks massafabrik." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265039.
Full textMäki, Jonatan. "Energieffektivisering av "kontorslimpan" : Energianalys med förslag till energieffektiviserande åtgärder." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149459.
Full textThe housing and service sector accounts for close to 40 % of Sweden's total energy use. In this sector, households and premises account for about 90 %. There are great potential for savings in this sector through energy efficiency.The purpose is to develop proposals for measures that reduce the energy use of the building in a cost-effective manner.The energy calculation program BV2 has been used to build a model of the building. The energy use of the simulated model is compared to the buildings measured values of energy use to see how well the model represents the building in terms of energy use.When these are in agreement, different energy efficiency measures are investigated. Simulations are performed for measures such as installation of heat exchanger, additional insulation of the attic and replace of windows etc.Of the measures investigated, installation of rotary heat exchangers has the shortest pay-back time of approximately 3 years, liquid-coupled heat exchangers get higher with a repayment period of 3,5 - 4 years. Additional insulation of wind bellows has a repayment period of around 5,5 to 6,5 years at a thickness of 350 mm. This measure, after installing heat exchanger, is the most profitable and is also relatively easy to perform.Based on these simulated measures, a package of measures has been developed and investigated using Belok's internal rate method. The result for the entire package of measures provides an internal rate of 18,7 % and a pay-backperiod of 5 years. This exceeds the 7 % yield requirement with a significant margin.
Hassan, Mohamed Aidarus Nur Sheikh. "Energianalys av en tankstation : En förstudie av vilka energieffektiviserande åtgärder som kan göras på bensinstationer." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-119495.
Full textAbstract This study was carried out on behalf of Umeå municipality and Vindeln municipality together with Nenet (Norrbotten Energy Agency) as well as with the help of Exergi B(y)rån to carry out the energy mapping at a petrol station. Many petrol stations use a lot of energy due to electricity, heating, cooling and lighting. Petrol stations are an important part of the infrastructure, a central hub of today’s society. By mapping their energy the stations can become more energy efficient, save money and also save the environment. By promoting their own work on energy efficiency and by having information about sustainable transportation at the station they could and would inspire their customers. The aim of this thesis was to investigate a petrol station’s energy usage and see which measures that can be taken for efficient energy use as well as arising interest among other petrol station owners. Calculation of cost-benefits and what actions that can be taken also been included. This work also gives an indication on how future petrol stations will look like according to the owners of the stations. The result of the survey shows a clear picture of a high energy use of 1126 kWh/m2 and therefore there is a great potential of taking energy efficiency measures. The petrol station is using cooling system due to the heat generated from all installations which is higher than the heat loss which occurs through the climate shell, ventilation losses and air leakage. By switching to LED lights in the store, in refrigerators and in different signs the generated internal heat will decrease. It is important that the ventilation system is correctly optimized to prevent unnecessary losses both in heat and economically. Some of the proposed measures for energy efficiency are to install twilight relay/dimmer for inside lighting, motion sensors in the storage, using temperature control for the heating cable in the ground and roof & gutter de-icing cables. A major operation that can be done is to build an airlock in front of the entrance for the front door as well as adding extra insulation to the attic. A major overview and renewal of the building installations is recommended, taking advantage of synergy in cooling and heating demands.
Framtidens hållbara tankstationer
Blomqvist, Mattias. "Energianalys av flerbostadsfastighet : Lämpliga åtgärder för att minska byggnadens energianvändning." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10287.
Full textAndersson, Sofia. "Energikartläggning av ett stort företag : Rutin för insamling av energidata, energianalys och åtgärdsförslag." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-349790.
Full textWistrand, Matilda. "Byggnadsutformningens inverkan på energianalysen : En jämförande utvärdering av två energisimuleringsprogram." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173450.
Full textKihlberg, Fredric. "Prestandabaserad design genomkonceptuell energianalys : Performance-based design through conceptual energy analysis." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36497.
Full textSandberg, Erika, and Teodor Tapper. "Energianalys komplett biogassystem : En sammanställande analys av en gårdsbaserad biogasanläggnings energiförbrukning." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276429.
Full textCommercial biogas facilities often tend to have a relative low efficiency and low profitability, resulting in the worldwide biogas potential not being utilized to its full extent. Consequently, since autumn 2014, Innovationsverket in Gamelby has in collaboration with KTH analysed the potential of a farm-based biogas system compared to the energy efficiency of today’s equivalents. The company International Micro Biogas AB was started, and patents has been granted. This essay aims to conduct a comprehensive energy analysis of a small-scale farm-based biogas facility based on its main components, which has been performed by evaluating preceding master theses and project assignments conducted by the collaboration between Innovationsverket and KTH, with the goal of compiling information from these and creating the comprehensive system. The energy data of the main components were analysed, and calculations were conducted in Microsoft Excel. An Excel spreadsheet were one can insert essential farm data to calculate the yearly energy expenditure of a biogas facility has been created. This study was conducted with the intention of utilizing 200 cows as the essential data and the collection of the energy components output resulted in a yearly energy consumption of 385 MWh. The new farm-based biogas facility has displayed great potential, from an energy consumption perspective, and could with high probability become self-sufficient if an optimization of the system were conducted.
Boström, Jörgen, and Per Hagäng. "Energianalys av tryckluftsystem : så kan Billerud Skärblacka AB spara energi på tryckluft." Thesis, Linköping University, Fluid and Mechanical Engineering Systems, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54234.
Full textCompressed air is a low efficiency media, and is thus very expensive to produce. This thesis work began by mind mapping how to create savings on the compressed air system at Billerud Skärblacka AB. Certain issues have been chosen for further studies.
In order to identify the consumption of compressed air at PM 8 and 9, several measurements were made. At PM 8 there were not found any pressure drop, only large pressure variations for short periods of time. The causes of these pressure variations were not established. At PM 9 a registered pressure drop of around 1 bar was found. The cause of the pressure drop at PM9 was not found. A solution for the pressure drop was presented, which also could give an opportunity to reduce the nominal pressure in the compressed air system. An idea for improvement of the compressed air system structure has also been presented.
A search for leakages on the compressed air system was carried out both at PM 8 and PM 9. Leakages at PM8 seem to be lower than at PM9. The search for leakages pointed out that those leakages on the compressed air system reduces the efficiency of the compressed air system.
There are some large scale consumers of compressed air at Billerud, for example one function at PM8 and the cleaning function of timber trucks. One idea for reducing electrical consumption is to replace compressed air with a high pressure fan at PM8. In the report more suggestions for saving electrical energy regarding the other large scale consumers are presented.
Blomqvist, Sofia, and Dennis Sundby. "Energianalys av fastighet Brynäs 12:1 : Energikartläggning med effektiviseringsåtgärder inriktning mot ventilation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17140.
Full textEnergy use in Sweden and the world is expected to increase and the residential and services account for 40% of total world energy demand. It is important that the energy efficiency of existing buildings and optimizing its systems as a lower energy benefits both the environment and the economy. A building's ventilation system account for a large proportion of a property's energy use, and there is often great potential for the system to be optimized and streamlined. A property owner does not want properties that are vacant. Vacant premises mean less income in rent and in some cases there will be increased energy costs for the empty space in form of heating and ventilation, for the property owner to pay. Systems that can completely shut off or controlled depending on ventilation requirements needed for the latter cost will be reduced completely when the premises are vacant and that the total energy will decrease when a tenant moves out. Ventilating purpose is to divert moisture, heat, particulates and carbon dioxide so that a good indoor climate is created for the people staying in the building. The most common ventilation principle for public buildings is to vent air with a constant air flow through a CAV system. With demand-based ventilation in the form of a VAV system, huge savings can be made when one adjusts airflow to the actual ventilation requirement instead of ventilating the building with a constant maximum flow. An installation of a VAV system in the form of CO2 or presence control, reduces ventilation energy consumption, while the quality of the indoor environment is maintained. The work that has been carried out includes an energy survey of the property Brynäs 12:1 as an energy survey helps to understand a building's energy use, and identifies potential energy savings. The energy use for the building subsystems have been identified and analyzed in order to develop proposals for cost cutting measures. The results of the energy audit revealed that there was great potential for savings for ventilation units TA1, TA2 and TA3's electricity and heat use. If the measures for ventilation as presented in the work, such as flow and time reduction is taken, an energy saving of 333 MWh/year is achieved, which is 28% of the property's total annual energy consumption.
Andersson, Mats. "Energikartläggning av biogasanläggningen, Kungsängens gård." Thesis, SLU, Institutionen för energi och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-153324.
Full textOskarsson, Angelica. "Analys av energisituationen för BRF Ekbacken med förslag till förbättringsåtgärder." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209249.
Full textEkman, Joakim. "Energianalys av Romar fastigheter med metodutveckling för ökade incitament för energieffektivisering hos hyresgäster." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59092.
Full textThesis is to work out an examplel of incentivesto motivate tenants to participate and invest in energy efficiency. The workincludes an energy audit of a building to be able to show what kind of savingsthat can be made and the investment costs involved. The property has all theenergy costs embedde in the price which means that tenants do not haveincentives to invest. The energy audit include night patrols to see what wasteenergy att night when there are no working, collection of data from Umeå Energy,an inventory of lighting and the acquisition of information on ventilation andthe compressor. Contact with different companies to get the approximate cost ofthe rationalizations. After the initial work was done the results were compiledand the result was a reduction in electricity consumtion by 354 MWh/year to 211MWh/year. The incentive in this case involves an adjustment of the rental formso that tenants self-pay energy costs and thus become more interested in beinginvolved in investments. An individual measurement of energy consumtion shouldbe as it is possible to assess how much each tenant is using. Investment costscan be split between tenants and landlords and bebefits of the investments canbe divided in the same way. Both parts benefits econonomically andenviromentally on cooperation.
Gibanica, Lejla, and Lejla Handanagic. "Energianalys och åtgärdsförslag av en befintlig byggnad : Doktor Fries Torg 6,7 och 10." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14979.
Full textThe desire to buy housing and facilities in Sweden was high during the urbanization, which led to a large amount of buildings were built during the time. Today, the housing and the service sector accounts for 40 % of the total energy use in Sweden. To achieve a sustainable society and a sustainable building, energy efficiency of existing buildings needs to be done as well as new constructions needs to be performed energy efficiently and aim for near zero energy buildings (NNEs). This is important for reducing the energy use, and at the same time low the impact on the environment, while people feel a satisfactory environment. The project comprises an existing building in Gothenburg, where several activities are conducted at Doctor Fries Torg 6, 7 and 10. The project will be performed at the technology consulting company Energi Triangeln AB and the client of the project is Förvaltnings AB GöteborgsLokaler. The main purpose of the project is to implement an energy analysis that shows how the energy use in the building is distributed. By examining the energy use, it is possible to develop action proposals to achieve optimum energy conditions, reduce the energy use and the operating costs for the customer by promoting sustainable development. The result of the project is presented using data from the property owner, calculation files and formulas. The decisive phase of the work has been the visits of the building, which were made a couple of times. The visits have included inspection of the ventilation systems, heating system, climate scale, business area, property area, the internal heating keys for the respective activity and the way in which the activities are conducted. The visits facilitated the workflow when analyzes of the building were made, as well as the assumptions and conclusions about the building could be identified according to the industry standards. The results from the project show that the building has an energy use of 133 kWh/m2 and approximately 154 kWh/LOA today. With action proposals, the building has a saving potential of approximately 54 % which corresponds to an energy use of 71 kWh/m2, year and 83 kWh/LOA, year.
Stenmark, Adam. "Energianalys av målningsprocess för storskalig fordonsproduktion : En fallstudie på Scania CV i Oskarshamn." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167617.
Full textLöfwall, Tomas. "Energisparläge i automationsindustrin : Potential för att minska tomgångsförluster med industriella styrsystem." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226949.
Full textKlang, Kristoffer. "Energianalys av ett flerbostadshus med kombinerad fjärrvärme och frånluftsvärmepump : Åtgärdsförslag på energi- och kostnadsbesparingar för fastigheten Sicklaön 173:1, Stockholm." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19887.
Full textJohansson, Christoffer. "Energianalys och effektivisering av kommunal byggnad : Dagcenter i Hultsfred, med fokus på ventilation och belysning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för energi-, miljö- och byggteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-14877.
Full textSamuelsson, Therése, and Robert Olsson. "Energianalys av kvarteret Borgen 10 : En utredning av ökande energianvändning med förslag på åtgärder för energieffektivisering." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31160.
Full textMika, Jonas, and Andreas Fossland. "HÅLLBART BYGGANDEMED HJÄLP AV BIM : Effektiva energianalyser och LCC." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27221.
Full textSamhället strävar efter ett allt mer hållbart byggande som reducerar påfrestningarna på miljön. Energi- och LCC-analyser(LifeCycleCosting, eller Livscykelkostnad) ökar möjligheten att fatta medvetna beslut i processen. Ett problem inom byggbranschen är att energi- och LCC-analyser inte används i önskad utsträckning då de upplevs som komplicerade och tidskrävande. Syftet med rapporten är att få ett mer hållbart byggande genom en ökad användning avenergi- och LCC-analyser. Målet är att visa hur BIM kan användas för att effektivisera energi- och LCC-analyser. Studien har gjorts med en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie för att besvara vilkeninformation som krävs i en BIM-modell för att utföra energi- och LCC-analyser. Studien visar även vilka mjukvaror som kan användas vid BIM-baserade energi och LCC-analyser och hur analyserna kan utföras på ett effektivt sätt. Resultatet visar att effektiva analyser kan genomföras om BIM-modelleninnehåller relevant information för att göra analyser. Annan informationkomplicerar analysförfarandet. Det finns en stor mängd olika mjukvaror somhanterar energi- och LCC-analyser på olika sätt. Mjukvarorna som kan göra energianalyser är optimerade för olika BIM-plattformar och använder olika filformat för informationsöverföring. Genom kunskap om filformatens kapacitet, kan rätt information tillföras modellen vid rätt moment i analysprocessen utan att information går förlorad. För att göra effektiva analyser, är användandet av en beprövad metod eller guide önskvärt. En möjlighet för att öka användandet av energi- och LCC-analyser, skulle vara att en integration av analysverktygen in i BIM-plattformarna utvecklades.
Ameen, Arman. "Energianalys och energieffektivisering av en förskola : Söderskolan (Slottets förskola) i Gävle, simulering utförd genom IDA ICE 4.61." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17009.
Full textGrim, Johanna. "Energianalys av hygieniseringssystem : jämförelse av befintlig pastörisering med integrerad termofil hygienisering på Kungsängens gårds biogasanläggning i Uppsala." Thesis, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Fakulteten för naturresurser och jordbruksvetenskap, Institutionen för energi och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-219067.
Full textBroström, Simon. "Energianalys av byggnad i industriell miljö : Energikartläggning med effektiviseringsförslag till byggnad innehå̊llande betningsprocess hos Ovako Hofors AB." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20055.
Full textHöglund, Marcus, and Anton Stenås. "Komfort- och energianalys vid installation av markiser på Högskolans i Gävle glasfasader : Mätningar och IDA ICE-simuleringar." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36108.
Full textThe University of Gävle plans to install solar shading awnings on the southern glass facades of the main entrances. Since construction, the main entrances Rävhallen and Fårhallen have suffered from poor thermal indoor comfort due to heat leakage and overheating due to the windows on the facades. This thesis was done in order to map and investigate the thermal indoor comfort in the University of Gävle's main entrances. The work also aimed to simulate and analyze annual energy consumption and thermal indoor comfort before and after the installation of solar shading awnings on the building's glass facades, in the simulation program IDA ICE. A comfort survey was conducted by measuring thermal comfort and indoor temperature ranges on two occasions in April. The measurements were made during a cloudy day and a sunny day at the same outdoor temperature, to investigate the effect of solar radiation on the building's thermal comfort and indoor temperatures. The comfort survey showed that the thermal comfort in Rävhallen and Fårhallen was insufficient as overheating occurs at high solar radiation. Data necessary for modeling and simulation was collected through observations, estimates, and dialogs with operating technicians from Akademiska hus. After data collection, a model was constructed in the simulation program IDA ICE. Before simulation, the model was validated using previously measured temperatures during the month of April. Then the building's energy consumption and thermal indoor comfort were simulated over a whole year, without awnings, and with awnings. The results showed that the thermal comfort was significantly improved by the awnings installations. High peak temperatures that previously occurred in the building decreased because of the reduced solar radiation through the glass facade. The total annual energy demand increased from 605 MWh to 635 MWh. However, the annual energy demand for cooling decreased from 3,4 MWh to 3,2 MWh. The increase in energy consumption was due to the awnings reducing useful heat from solar radiation, especially during the heating season. Prior to further research, a more efficient control technique of the awnings and a more detailed model to improve the simulation results are proposed. When applying better adapted control of the awnings, the energy saving potential is considered to be greater. It was concluded that awnings can significantly improve indoor thermal comfort, but that energy consumption may increase depending on control technology.
Bodell, Erik, and Simon Åhlander. "Energianalys av byggnad med installerat ångsystem för matlagningsprocesser : Kan ånga vara mer effektivt än el för matlagning?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24232.
Full textThere is a great need to reduce energy use in the world. By reducing energy demand, this reduces the negative environmental impact. In a constantly growing world, where it is built at an ever faster pace, the energy demand also increases. By increasing energy efficiency inexisting buildings, energy requirements may stagnate or even decrease despite expansion. By increasing energy efficiency, more of the energy demand can be used instead of standing for energy losses. Fortifikationsverket has a building they believe use too much energy. This building contains a restaurant that uses a steam system to heat its food, which makes the building's energy system unique. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the building, an energy audit is completed and analyzed in this report. This case study is conducted with a literature study to develop the knowledge in the field. Then measurements in the building are performed which are subsequently analyzed and presented to indicate any deviations and deficiencies. During the work it was discovered that a fuse was incorrectly installed to measure the electricity consumption of one of the boilers. By correcting this in order to be able to bill correctly, Fortifikationsverket saves almost 170,000 SEK per year as the boiler goes. In addition to this, the steam system was analyzed and estimates were made to respond if steam is more effective than electricity for cooking. It turns out that the steam system can be effective if a large amount of food is cooked. Considering nights, weekends and days when less food is cooked, electrical equipment is more effective because it completely turns off when not in use. Unlike the steam system that has to cover the energy losses to keep temperature and pressure, even when the system is not in use. By replacing the steam system with equivalent electrical equipment, it couldsave 205 MWh/year, according to estimates.The steam system accounts for 35% of the building's total electricity demandand is the largest item for energy use and is therefore the most focused area. In addition to the steam system, other energy usage was analyzed to provide energy savings. Many of the proposals are based on certain estimates and assumptions which must be considered. Some examples of savings that can be made is lowering the indoor temperature to save 50 MWh/year, install additional windows to save up to 140 MWh/year, install more efficient cooling units -200 MWh/year, install better ventilation control systems-50 MWh/year, install better controls for indoor lighting -40 MWh/year.
Karlberg, Madeleine. "Uppvärmning med fjärrvärme och frånluftsvärmepump i småhus : En energi-, miljö- och kostnadsanalys för bostadsområdet Lindbacka i Gävle." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-440906.
Full textMelin, Tobias. "Energikartläggning av ett 1970-tals lägenhetshus på Skarpövägen i Nacka kommun : Simulering av energibesparande åtgärder i ”IDA Indoor Climate and Energy”." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90554.
Full textPå uppdrag av PQR Consult AB i Stockholm har detta examensarbete utförts under våren 2014. Syftet var att utföra en energikartläggning av byggnaden Skarpövägen 1 och simulera energibesparande åtgärder i programmet IDA Indoor Climate and Energy. Utöver detta har en livscykelkostnadsanalys gjorts för att underlätta ekonomiska jämförelser. Även tvättstugan, Skarpövägen 23, har delvis kartlagts eftersom den har en hög energianvändning med all elutrustning i byggnaden. Resultatet i energikartläggningen visade att energianvändningen var betydligt högre än energideklarationens värden. För Skarpövägen 1 var energianvändningen 193 kWh/m2 vilket är ca: 25 % högre än energideklarationens 155 kWh/m2. Efter att ha utvärderat de simulerade energibesparingsåtgärderna för Skarpövägen 1 så dras slutsatsen att den mest lönsamma investeringen skulle vara att installera ett värmeåtervinningssystem vilket skulle ge en besparing på 47470 kWh fjärrvärme per år och ha en återbetalningstid på 14 år. Resultatet för tvättstugan visade att 14880 kWh el årligen skulle sparas om torkskåpen byttes ut, vilket är en sänkning med ca: 75 % av elbehovet jämfört med befintliga torkskåp. De energibesparande åtgärderna har visat att utrymme finns för besparingar i byggnaderna vilket är ett viktigt steg på vägen att minska energianvändningen i bostadssektorn.
Elfving, Fanny. "PHA-framställning från restströmmar med lösningsmedelsextraktion : En energianalys på PHA-produktion med och utan intern värmeintegrering vid extraktion på torr och våt biomassa." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85623.
Full textPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is a group of biobased and biodegradable polymers which can exhibit flexible physicochemical properties. Thus, PHA has the potential to replace conventional and fossil-based plastic such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PHA is produced through microbiological fermentation by organic matter and is stored in the cells of bacteria as spherical storage depots when the bacteria are feed by a carbon source. The PHA can then be extracted from the bacteria using solvent, a method resulting in high yields of PHA but on the other hand large quantities of solvent is required and if the method will be sustainable and have industrial relevance it is necessary to apply solvent recycling in the system. Today industrial production of PHA takes place using pure bacterial cultures and cultivated sugar-rich crops. This contributes to a competition of land use and water and energy resources, mainly for food production. At the same time, waste streams are generated from industry and society containing organic material and mixed bacterial cultures which can be used to produced PHA. In this work the process for PHA production has been modelled in the process simulation program CHEMCAD using data from waste streams produced from forest industry. In the model the following upstream processes has been included; acidogenic fermentation, enrichment, PHA-accumulation, dewatering and the downstream processes solvent extraction and separation. Moreover, the downstream processes have been modelled for two cases; one case where extraction takes place using 100 % dry biomass (extraction system 1) and one case where extraction takes place using wet biomass (extraction system 2). In addition, internal heat exchanging was implemented which was optimized through the introduction of pinch analysis. The aim of the project was to establish an energy analysis of the PHA process, identify the energy needs of the individual PHA processes, analyse whether solvent extraction is made most energy efficient using wet or dry biomass and to evaluate how internal heat exchanging can contribute to make to the PHA process more energy efficient. The results obtained showed that the need for external heating and cooling could decrease from 49 to 13 MJ/ kg PHA and 43 till 11 MJ/ kg PHA after the implementation of internal heat exchanging for extraction system 1. When extraction was performed according to extraction system 2 the external cooling demand was reduced from 98 to 48 MJ/kg PHA and the externa heating demand was reduced from 60,9 to 8,1 MJ/ kg PHA. In comparison with the total specific heating and cooling demand, the total specific electricity demand for the PHA process was low, which can be seen as positive as electricity is high-value and expensive energy. When extraction was performed according to extraction system 1, the total specific electricity requirement was 3,55 MJ/ kg PHA and for extraction system 2 the corresponding value was 4,1 MJ/ kg PHA. The greatest electricity demand arose in the process of aerating the PHA accumulation reactor with 2,8 MJ/kg PHA.
Barnö, Max, and Linda Bui. "Utvärdering av svetsgardiner som luftflödesstyrande element inom datorhallar." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18122.
Full textThis project has been conducted to evaluate if welding curtains function as an airflow-guiding
element within a data centers will increase the energy efficiency of the system. What result
does the system show when welding curtains are being used? Compared with what the system
show when no welding curtains are being used and doesn’t affect the system is something
that’s look into. Does the servers get enough cold air to sustain its usage? Do you need three
cooling systems to cool the room sufficiently? The report has also been conducted to provide
an evaluation of the welding curtains function as well as its design. Volvo Cars wants to know
if it’s economically viable to use welding curtains in their data centers. It’s also desirable to
prove that there is a better climate around the servers when welding curtains are being used.
The result shows that the temperature difference of the air, before and after the cooling
systems and before and after the servers, increases in the data center. This also leads to that
the temperature difference of the coolant for compressor chiller will decrease. Because of the
room coolers limiting of the mass flow (in certain situations) on the coolant to a lesser extent
when welding curtains are being used, the mass flow rate will be greater for longer periods.
The mass flow often increases more than the temperature difference decreases and that leads
to that more heat is cooled from the data center when welding curtains are being used. Thus,
the system isn’t properly calibrated to utilize welding curtains to a full extent. At large loads
on the computing clusters, the room coolers affect the mass flow of the coolant to a minimum.
The result is that the mass flow is approximately equal both with and without welding
curtains in use. This leads to an increase in efficiency of compressor chiller because more heat
is being chilled with the same work of the compressor as without any welding curtains. When
welding curtains are being used you can’t prove that a reduced operating cost will occur due
to reduction of the compressor work. This is because of the room coolers are not properly
calibrated. Neither a significant increase in operating cost occurs in the compressor chiller.
An indication occurs that the design of the welding curtain is not optimal because of that the
cold air from the cooler systems blows past the edges of the curtains and thus cools some of
the hot air in the heated area. To solve this problem one can e.g. use taller welding curtains,
replace the curtains to a higher position and attach the curtains on both sides as well as on the
floor. Also the use of a welding curtain that isn’t divided in two or more parts is an idea that
can be implemented. The cold airflow to the servers flows at a larger rate than necessary but
not that sufficient that one, in the cold area, should put the cooling system in idle mode. If you
increase the cooling systems temperature set-value (temperature set-value for when the cooler
limits the mass flow through it) by a few degrees Celsius when welding curtains are being
used (a deeper analysis is needed), the system will hopefully be able to utilize the potential of
the welding curtains. I.e. increased efficiency of the compressor chiller because more heat is
being chilled to the same work of the compressor.
Program: Energiingenjörsprogrammet med inriktning mot eldistribution
Yu, Xu. "Tank-to-Wheel Energy Breakdown Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280559.
Full textUnder den tidiga utvecklingsfasen av nya elektrifieradedrivlinor for hybridapplikationer (HEV) används simulering för uppskattning avfordonets bränsleförbrukning. För dess drivlinor är bränsleförbrukningen i hög gradkopplad till drivlinans verkningsgrad. Även om drivlinans verkningsgrad inte ären linjär prokukt av komponenternas verkningsgrad behöve rden analyseras somen sekvens av energiomvandlingar, inklusive förluster och energipåverkan mellankomponenter.Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka energiförluster och flöden samtpresentera dessa i form av sankey diagram. Senare utvecklas ett anpassningsbartenergihanteringssystem baserat på nuvarande regelbaserad kontrollstrategi. Deninledande delen involverar utvecklandet av energianalys i GT-SUITE som motsvararfordonsmodellen, beräkningar av totala energiförluster och flöden samt presentationav dessa i ett sankey diagram. Den andra delen innefattar optimering avenergihanteringssystems kontrollparametrar enligt olika representativa körcykler.Den tredje delen involverar utveckling av anpassningsbara energihanteringssystemgenom användning av optimala kontrollparameterar baserad på detektering avkörbeteende med hjälp av SVM ( stödvektormaskin).Slutligen, ett strukturerat sätt att generera sankey diagrammet har med framgånggenererats och visat sig vara ett effektivt verktyg för studier av HEV drivlinorseffektivitet och bränsleekonomi. Dessutom visar kombinationen av detektering avkörbeteende och optimerade kontrollparametrar på en markant potentiell förbättringi bränsleförbrukning.
Burrows, Michel. "Projektering och energieffektivisering av värme- och ventilationssystem för ett flerbostadshus vid Vänern." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26336.
Full textA property with several apartments located in the small village of Otterbäcken in Gullspång municipality has burned down. The property will be rebuilt in accordance with Boverket buildings rules BBR and the requirements that are relevant for 2021.The diploma project has been a collaboration between the University of Borås and the consulting company Energi Triangeln AB located in the city of Gothenburg. As part of the project a re-design of the heating and ventilation system of the property will be carried out using two different simulation programs used when designing buildings. The first program is MagiCad from the company Autodesk. In this program drawings are made of the building including the drawings of the heating and ventilation systems. The second program is more focused at energy balances and energy efficiency calculation of the property. You get the energy performance of the property. The translated name is “Heat balances in a duration diagram”. The program is developed by a consulting company connected to Chalmers University of Technology named “Chalmers Industrial Technology”, CIT. The original technical solution for the ventilation in the building before it burned down was a system not using any fans. When rebuilding the house, the design of the ventilation system includes the comparison of two modern system both using extraction fans for forcing spent air to leave the building. The first alternative uses both a supply fan and exhaust fan with a heat exchanger for heat recovery of the heat in the exhaust ventilation duct. This system is used together with a heat pump taking heat from the ground. The second technical solution of ventilation system uses an exhaust fan in connection to a heat pump. That is a system where the heat recovery of the heat in the exhaust duct is recovered in the heat pump instead of extracting heat from the ground as in alternative one. Alternative two has no centralized intake of ventilation air, instead fresh air is coming into the apartments below windows in the sleeping rooms and living room of the apartments through individual ducts. By using the program energy performance program “BV2”, two different cases were calculated and expressed in specific energy consumption of both electricity and heat using the unit kWh/m2, per year. This means that the property which was designed with both an exhaust and a supply fan (and heat exchanger) for ventilation of the building and for the design with an exhaust air fan only but using a heat pump for heat recovery from the exhaust air, these two cases can be compared. To be able to carry out this project, it was necessary, among other things there was a need to access proper building drawings of the property that is being built and projected. The purpose and main objectives of the project are fulfilled. Furthermore, as a continuation of the course called “Computed Aided Design, (CAD), for buildings, the design of secondary heating, domestic hot and cold water and sewage water was carried out using MagiCad. The method used to carry out this project was to use the drawings of the building, measure the area of the shell, windows, doors, roofs and floor of the building and by using the second simulation program BV2 to be able to calculate the energy required of the building. The result of the degree project states that the choice of a geothermal heat pump with a heat exchanger for heat recovery between the exhaust duct and the duct with incoming fresh air provides the best alternative from an energy performance perspective. You consume fewer kilowatt hours to be able to cover the heating demand in the building. If you choose a geothermal heat pump with a heat recovery using only a heat exchanger the saving in purchased electricity to be able to satisfy the property´s energy demand is approximately 12 527 kWh/ electricity annually. which with a common electricity price in Sweden, (of 1.19 crowns/kWh) provides approximately 14 900 Swedish crowns per year in savings of purchased electricity for heat production.
Engelmark, Johanna. "Förbättringsåtgärder vid nybyggnation av småhus för att uppnå kommande energikrav : En simuleringsstudie i IDA ICE." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24364.
Full textThe EU has demanded lower energy consumption in buildings through a new directive where each member state has been assigned the task of developing new energy consumption targets for their respective country. In Sweden, Boverket has been assigned this responsibility. There is a concern in the Swedish construction industry that it will be difficult to meet these new requirements. Manufacturers of small houses usually have a standardized design that they now may need to adjust. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to investigate whether a single-family house manufacturer needs to change its standard construction, and if so, what changes could be made to achieve the new requirements for energy usage. By studying current energy requirements and Boverket's proposal for future requirements as well as theories in architectural engineering, the theoretical basis for the thesis has been laid out. A literature study has also been performed of previous studies in the field. Particularly studies of home improvements to get energy-efficient houses have been of great help for this work. A single-family house has been constructed and simulated in the IDA ICE simulation program. The house was made out of wood with a ground source heat pump and FTX ventilation located in climate zone 1. Eight improvements in the house design have been studied with new simulations to identify which of these improvements are appropriate to implement. The most suitable improvements have finally been combined to meet the new energy requirements. The study shows that the current house construction design does not meet future requirements. Based on the delimitations that have been made for this thesis, it is recommended that the following three measures are to be taken; A heat pump with a COP of 4 instead of 3, windows and doors with a U-value of 0.8 W/(m2*K) instead of 1,2 W/(m2*K) and outer walls with a U-value of 0.1 W/(m2*K) instead of 0,137 W/(m2*K). These recommendations are based on the assumption that the proposed new requirements are also applicable for climate zone 1.
Moucho, Mohammadkarim, and Nader Farhat. "Användning av glas i kontorsbyggnader : Fokus på energi- och koldioxidutsläpp." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36430.
Full textPurpose: To investigate the effects of replacing major parts of facades in officebuildings with glass, focusing on the energy use and the carbon dioxide emissions Method: Qualitative semi- structured interviews, literature studies and documentanalysis. Findings: An office building was studied with regard to the specific energy use andcarbon dioxide emissions. The glass area and façade area were calculated for theexisting building. Then the glass area was expanded from 30 % to 50% and 70%respectively. The result showed that an increase from 30% to 50% decreased thespecific energy use for all four energy calculations carried out in Gothenburg, Lund,Stockholm and Umeå. On the other hand, the specific energy use for all cases increasedwhen expanding the glass area from 50% to 70%. When analyzing carbon dioxideemissions, it was found that the carbon dioxide content always reduced as a result ofthe increasing glass area.Implications: The report clearly shows that there is a problem regarding energyconsumption and carbon dioxide emissions today. Building rules and advice should befollowed by the construction industry in order to achieve the goals set by the EU. Thestudy shows that there is a clear connection between carbon dioxide emissions and theincrease in the glass area, however, this connection was lacking for the energy use. Limitations: The work is limited to investigating an office building with concreteframes located in Gothenburg, Stockholm, Lund and Umeå. The architecturalperspective of the glass is not considered and therefore it does not influence theselection nor does placement of the glass portions, the glass have no bearing attributes.
Svensson, Johan, and Erik Andersson. "Energianalys av Mekonomens butik i Arvika." Thesis, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6218.
Full textMekonomen är en av Sveriges största bildelskedjor med anläggningar över hela Sverige. För ett företag som Mekonomen är det viktigt med en bra miljöpolicy, detta bl.a. för att upprätthålla ett gott anseende gentemot sina kunder. Därför har de inlett ett arbete med att ISO 14001 certifiera sina anläggningar. Detta innebär bl.a. att man ser över sin energianvändning.
Syftet med studien är att hjälpa Mekonomen att kartlägga energianvändningen för sin butik i Arvika. Samt att visa på de möjligheter som finns för att minska butikens energianvändning.
Målet med studien är att kartlägga energianvändningen på Mekonomens butik i Arvika. Det kommer även undersökas vilka åtgärder som kan göras för att minska energianvändningen.
En modellering av butiken har gjorts i Excel för att ta fram energiförbrukningen. Modellen visar hur energiförbrukningen ser ut och olika förbättringsåtgärder har prövats för att se vilka som är lämpliga. Resultatet visar att det fanns en besparingspotential på cirka 115 000 SEK/år för Mekonomens butik i Arvika. Den största åtgärden har redan utförts då oljepannan ersattes med en bergvärmepump vilket ger en årlig besparing på cirka 90 000 SEK. Genom att använda de förbättringsåtgärder som tagits upp i arbetet kan ytterligare cirka 26 000 SEK per år sparas.