Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Energibehov'
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Bergkvist, Adam. "Mobil bergkrossning : Energibehov och emissioner." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64268.
Full textGustavsson, Amanda, and Denise Tell. "Understenshöjden – En undersökning av områdets energibehov." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170885.
Full textUnderstenshöjden is an eco-village that has the vision to be environmentally friendly and ecological. The village uses environment-friendly energy sources such as pellets and solar heating with district heating as complement if the others are not enough. The houses are, compared to today’s standard not very energy efficient. Energy has become a major part of the ecological question, and therefore it is desired to decrease the total energy demand and, if possible, to find better energy solutions. This Bachelor of Science thesis discusses a study of the building envelope and solar panels in Understenshöjden and the option geothermal heating as an energy source. The aim of the study was to develop suggestions of how the total energy demand could be reduced by decreased heat loss through the building envelope. The aim was also to examine how well the existing solar energy is used today and how geothermal heating could be a complement to the energy sources available today, from both energy and economic point of view. Currently the apartments in Understenshöjden have a solar panel on each rooftop, mounted with a slope of 27 degrees from ground level and PV-cells on the roof of the community house. These have been examined whether they are optimally used and the result shows that it is possible to extract more energy if they are mounted with a slope of about 40 degrees from ground level facing south. Geothermal is a renewable energy source and works in a way that heat is retrieved from the ground and used for heating of the house and its hot water. Calculations have been made on whether it is possible to install geothermal heat pumps in Understenshöjden. These calculations show that a geothermal heat pump can be installed to cover the need for four apartments. In that case the investment would be repaid within 10 years thanks to that the energy price of geothermal heating is cheaper than the energy price for pellets and district heating in combination. A study has been made of the building envelope with a Blower Door, which measures the apartment’s infiltration at a negative pressure of 50 Pa, and an infrared camera that measures temperature differences on surfaces by means of infrared radiation. By using the results of the Blower Door measurements and the IR images, models of two standard apartments in Understenshöjden have been developed in the program DesignBuilder. These reality models have been adjusted to represent the apartments in reality through a simulation in Design Builder that takes in account a variety of data such as geography, number of residents, living habits and many other aspects. After the reality models where developed the IR images was examined to locate thermal bridges in the building envelope. Through this, new models where developed to explore possible improvements to reduce the thermal bridges, to achieve a reduction in energy demand. These improvements are sealing of windows and front doors, exchange of windows, filling of insulation and additional insulation in exterior walls.
Hammarqvist, Sofia, and Jesper Andersson. "Kontroll av Energibehov och val avVentilationssystem för Radhusmoduler." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28032.
Full textSyfte: Då nya lagar och skarpare regler tillträder är det inte alltid lätt att uppnå målenför energianvändning. Energieffektiva byggnader är det som gäller för framtiden ochvi har valt att granska de faktorer som kan tänkas påverka radhusbyggnadersenergianvändning. Vidare ställs det krav på vad man använder för ventilationssystemför en byggnad och viktigt att ha i åtanke vid val av ett sådant system då är attbyggnaden klarar kraven. Målet med studien är finna samverkande faktorer förhushåll i radhus gällande energi samt välja välfungerat ventilationssystem för dessa.Metod: För att nå våra mål har vi utfört dokumentinsamlingar, dokumentanalyser,intervjuer, litteraturstudier och beräkningar.Resultat: Formfaktorn är något som påverkar en byggnads specifikaenergianvändning. Vi fick svar på att bland annat upp till max fem radhusmoduler ivårt fall kunde byggas ihop och efter det kommer formen inte påverka specifikaenergianvändningen relativt mycket.Effekten av att ha ett gemensamt ventilationssystem är fördelaktigt jämfört med att haett enskilt system. Det enskilda systemet har nästan samma outnyttjade kapacitet ochskillnaden är endast 0,001kW men fördelen ligger i att specifika energianvändningenminskar med 0,04 kWh/m2 år vilket visar på att gemensamma systemet ändå är merfördelaktigt i jämförelse mellan de energimässiga effekterna. Även gällande kostnadför de olika ventilationssystemen så är det gemensamma mer fördelaktigt.För olika jämförelse mellan det enskillda och gemensamma ventilationssystemetgällande kostnad, specifik energianvändning när fastighetselen är medräknad och attde klarar kraven för kapacitet för eftervärmaren samt luftflödet så väger resultatet inmot att välja gemensamma FTX-systemet.Konsekvenser: Det är inte lätt att upprätthålla de regler och lagar som finns dåkraven blir skarpare och hårdare för nyproduktion av husbyggnader. För att kunnaupprätthålla ett bra arbete när energianvändning av en byggnad granskas är det viktigtatt därför ha koll på vad som gäller via att studera lagar, normer och de krav somfinns. Flera faktorer granskas såsom formen av byggnaden som påverkarenergianvändningen. Vidare är det viktigt att välja ett ventilationssystem eller andrainstallationer som verkligen klarar de krav som finns och inte väljer ett för enkeltsystem.Begränsningar: Vi har inte valt ett värmesystem för byggnaden och inte hellerberäknat punktköldbryggor. Dessutom har material som valts för byggnaden inteförändrats och inte heller formen av byggnaden. Verkliga värden på hur den specifikaenergianvändningen blev i verkligheten kommer inte samlas in för en jämförelse medteoretiskavärden.Nyckelord: ventilationssystem, specifik energianvändning, effektbehov, formfaktor,FTX, radhusmodul, radhus, energibehov.
Bodö, Linn. "En skogsträdgårds potential att täcka en människas närings- och energibehov." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-30507.
Full textHållbar livsmedelsproduktion i Sverige – att odla och äta från perenna system
Wigermo, Mikael, and Lucas Norlander. "En lokals energibehov : Jämförelse och modellering av olika typer av klimatsystem." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för bygg- och energiteknik (BE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26250.
Full textThe thesis focused on compiling a calculation model suitable for calculating an indoor climate system energy demand and life cycle cost, LCC. The model was created in Excell and uses given input data to calculate the results. The model was used to compare four different premises located in buildings owned by VIDEUM AB in Växjö. Two offices and two lecture halls was compared. The calculated differences in energy demand could be derived to longer operating times during weekends for one system. One office had a large constant air flow even during absence which also led to a greater energy demand. Whether the system was regulated by using carbon dioxide concentrations or temperature as indicators on air quality didn’t seem to affect the energy demand significantly. Unnecessary high flow rates and operating times affects the premises energy demand the more.
Li, Thomas, and Malin Flyman. "Energibehov från varmvattenarmatur i bostäder : En studie om effektivisering i användarperspektiv." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139343.
Full textThe real estate company Svenska bostäder has planned to build new student housings at Albano, just north of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. These buildings have to meet demands set by the city of Stockholm, with a maximum energy consumption of 55 kWh per year and heated square meter. To establish the behavior regarding the power consumption, a survey was conducted. Using this survey the authors found areas that had a potential of decreasing the energy demand. Hot water usage and the focus areas of shower heads, time reducing measures and wash basins was chosen. The study resulted in that even if a product has the lowest energy demand it is not certain that it is the most sustainable. There are other environmental, social and economic aspects that need to be considered before deciding which product is the best from a sustainable perspective.
Andersson, Daniel. "Energiuppföljning av verkligt energibehov kontra beräknat för Hälleborgsäldreboende : Sveriges modernaste äldreboende." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32261.
Full textIn order to reach the 20/20 goals (meaning 20% lower energy consumption until 2020) the energy requirements on buildings must get tougher and tougher. The city of Västerås has from year 2011 set its own energy requirements on all sold estates to 60 kWh/(m2,year). When the city needed to build the new Hälleborgs elderly care center, their aim was to reach this limited energy consumption. Soon, during the planning stage, they changed this requirement to 70 kWh/(m2,year) weighted energy. The reason for this was because they were using two heating systems, one was a electric heat pump and the second was district heating. Because of higher average age in the society, the need for more elderly care centers arise even in Västerås. In the spring 2015 Hälleborgs elderly care center was completed and occupied. 2 year after the building was complete, the contractor has to do an energy monitoring and see if the goal 70 kWh/m2 is reached. In this bachelor thesis all information will be tested and the aim is to try to make a energy monitoring and figure out what needs to be done to be able to performe the energy monitoring 2017. During the work the biggest problem has been to get the right information. The system that should keep all the measured data (Momentum) was found not to have the connection to the building. When we try to pick the data by hand from the building it was not complete. So the conclusion is that the building is not ready to energy monitoring jet. This is because the building needs more time to be stable and adjust the technical systems. It also needs more points of energy measurments and flowmeters in order to get the heating water consumption. In the electric system first the net owners energy meter is installed, then the building has own meters at each electric central to separate customers consumption from building consumption. When groups of energy is summarized, it is just half of the net owners consumption. This is because some of the energy in the building is not registered. One of the electric energy’s that not is registered is the commercial kitchen, but the difference is to big that it need to be evaluated what’s missed.
Åström, Ylivainio Frida. "En byggnads energibehov : En studie om energieffektivisering av en befintlig byggnad i södra Sverige." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88243.
Full textHenning, Anton. "Jämförelse mellan vattenburet och luftburet kylsystem i kontorslokaler : Med hänsyn till energibehov och komfort." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-45449.
Full textÖstin, Ronny, Erik Eklund, and Christer Johansson. "Energieffektivt byggande i kallt klimat." Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68737.
Full textThe project Energy efficient construction in cold climate is a study of six newly produced low energy buildings in the region of Umeå. Four buildings are houses and two residential buildings which are located from Sikeå up north to Nordmaling down south. The buildings have been equipped with wireless logger system for collecting data of energy performance for the entire building and for individual components of the energy system. Loggers for relative humidity and temperature have been placed in ventilation and the buildings construction shell. The later of the position of loggers have been placed in different depths of the constructions isolating shell. The purpose of this study is to investigate these buildings energy performance and what risks constructing energy efficient buildings in cold climate due to humidity. The relative humidity and temperature sensors located in the construction shell show no signs of risk for rotting and mold. Moisture migration is a slow process and to be certain longer measurements are required. With the method called energy signature the measured energy usage have been normal corrected by year and the average U-value calculated. Expected energy usage and average U-value is compared to our measured data in this report. Two buildings in the study are equipped with a buried pipe for supply air which is 36m and 10 m long. The longest (36m) shows a big increase of air temperature (from -25°C outside to +°2 at the inlet connecting to the heat exchanger). This by means no extra heat is required for the inlet air to reach comfortable temperature. The measurement of energy displays that constructing buildings with lower energy use then the Swedish Boverkets requirements are confirmed. The houses shows a specific energy usage as Boverkets definition (energy for heating and for domestic hot water per heated surface area) from 59.7 to 91.8 kWh/m2, year and the residential buildings from 68 to 75.5 kWh/m2, year which are lower than today regulations at 130 kWh/m2, year and 95 kWh/m2, year for electric heated.
Wiklander, Daniel. "Energikartläggning av polishuset i Gävle : Åtgärdsförslag för ett minskat energibehov i fastigheten Gävle Söder 17:10." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17100.
Full textMålet med arbetet har varit att kunna presentera åtgärder för att minska energi- och tappvattenbehovet för fastigheten Gävle Söder 17:10. För att lyckas med det har denna energikartläggning genomförts. Arbetet bygger på statistik från fastighetsägaren Norrporten, mätningar, litteraturstudie samt genom rådgörande med experter inom området. Två modeller, en för varje byggnadskropp, har byggts upp i simuleringsprogrammet BV2 för att uppskatta energibesparingspotentialen av identifierade åtgärder på basis av den insamlade informationen. Modellerna har verifierats mot uppmätt energianvändning.Med hjälp av beräkningar och simuleringar har sju stycken kostnadseffektiva åtgärder identifierats. Bland annat föreslås ett byte av ett ventilationsaggregat, installation av snålspolande munstycken hos tappställenas armaturer samt bättre styrning av komfortkylmaskinen. Sammantaget beräknas åtgärderna att minska värmebehovet med 223 MWh/år (17 %). Även elbehovet beräknas minska med 66 MWh/år (5 %). Dessutom bedöms tappvattenbehovet minska med 609 m3/år (12 %). Den totala kostnadsbesparingen beräknas bli 143 000 SEK per år, exklusive moms, med en pay-off tid för investeringarna på cirka 4 år. Åtgärdsförslagen bidrar också med att minska koldioxidutsläppen med 4,2 ton CO2/år eller 8,6 ton CO2/år beroende på om utsläppen för elektricitet baseras på svensk eller nordisk elmix.
Gustavsson, Simon. "Totalekonomi- påkostat klimatskal kontra dyra installationer." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37393.
Full textLilliesköld, Mikael, and Johan Lindahl. "Uttorkning på byggarbetsplatsen - klimat och uttorkningsprocesser." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35083.
Full textNyberg, Simon, and Stefan Blomqvist. "Modellering och energieffektivisering av befintligt markvärmesystem : Med fokus på väderlekens påverkan på ett markvärmesystems energibehov och potentiella styrmetoder för markvärme." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109337.
Full textThe purpose of ground surface heating is often to proactively avoid slipping risks, with the benefit of being able to avoid snow removal.Such snow melting systems are, however, an expensive business for the environment and also an expensive in an economic sense.Tekniska verken i Linköping AB is the regional utility situated in Linköping, Sweden, and among other things produce and deliver heating, cooling and ground surface heating as a service within the division Energy. The company has seen a need to investigate the possibility to improve the energy efficiency of the surface heating system, due to observations of a high energy use for the service as well as customers unwillingness to pay for the service due to too high prices.The purpose of this thesis has been to map the current ground surface heating system and identify possibilities for changes in order to improve its energy performance. Further, the goal has been to present saving potential and investigate how such changes affect the company’s production and costs.The mapping of the system has shown that there is a need to standardize and improve the control systems in each individual surface heating system. Proposals have therefore been to furnish the existing control systems with complementary equipment. Currently, the system is equipped with temperature controls, however, the proposal has been to complement it with humidity and precipitation sensors, and have a focus on weather forecasts. The goal with this proposal is to decrease the end-use of energy when the need for heating is low.The proposal has been investigated using a climate model, developed in a computational tool for the simulation of the control method and weather conditions. The model is a ground cross-section representing the surface heating system design, control system, and weather conditions that affects the ground surface temperature. With this model, the proposal of change in the system has been investigated. The results of the thesis indicate a possibility of major savings of energy and costs by simple changes in the control method.
Sundemo, Sörensson Malin Frederic. "Utfackningsvägg av lättbetongblock i passivhus." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Civil Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12877.
Full textAbstract
This report intends through a case study to investigate if lightweight concrete is
appropriate as main material in the outer wall of a seven storey residential building.
A technical design is carried out in accordance with the definitions and requirements
for passive houses, given by FEBY’s1 “Demand specification for passive houses”.
A literature review is also carried out for a comparison between regular bolt wall and
light weight concrete wall, with a focus on the safety of moisture.
The lightweight concrete block used in the report is as a celblock produced by the
company H+H Sweden AB.
The methods used have resulted in compliance with requirements and
recommendations from authorities. Calculations of energy, noise and moisture risk
assessment has been carried out.
The work has resulted in the conclusion that the lightweight concrete itself is not
able to isolate in the extent necessary to obtain chosen U-value of 0,1 W/m2 ° C,
without getting to thick. Therefore additional insulation is needed. There are few
relevant reference objects built with only light weight concrete. A villa in Lomma,
Sweden, has been designed but is not yet built. The house has no additional
insulation and the climate screen consists only of light weight concrete and plaster.
The multi storey building designed within this report has generally large windows,
also to the north, which in passive house context is unusual. The large window areas
result in greater thermal bridges around the windows and greater losses of heat
through transmission.
As compensation a very low U- value of 0,1 W/m2 ° C was set as a prerequisite from
the start ensuring a positive energy balance. This action has proved necessary when
implemented energy balance calculation resulted in the heating demand of 42
kWh/m2 per year. Maximum allowable energy for a passive house is according to
FEBY under 50 kWh/m2 per year.
There are several advantages identified when using light weight concrete. All
problems related to moister are avoided with this completely mineral material. Light
weight concrete offers good thermal insulation by its porosity. It has heat storing
properties during the winters. The material is fireproof and free from chemicals.
Together with additional insulation a quiet and healthy indoor environment is
derived.
It has been difficult to find potential risks of using concrete in the climate screen of
a passive house. Passive house technology is relatively new, and passive house
technology with concrete is even newer. In fact, the villa in Lomma is said to be the
first in Sweden carried out in light weight concrete. A minor estimation upon the
costs of a the insulated light weight concrete wall, contra a wood bolt wall has proved
the light weight concrete wall to be twice as expensive. Perhaps the future will prove
risks that have not yet been revealed?
Høseggen, Rasmus Z. "Dynamic use of the building structure - energy performance and thermal environment." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1998.
Full textThe main objectives of this thesis have been to evaluate how, under which premises, and to what extent building thermal mass can contribute to reduce the net energy demand in office buildings. The thesis also assesses the potential thermal environmental benefits of utilizing thermal mass in office buildings, i.e. reduction of temperature peaks, reduction of temperature swings, and the reduction in the number of hours with excessive operative temperatures. This has been done by literature searches, and experimental and analytical assessments. This thesis mainly concerns office buildings in the Norwegian climate. However, the methods used and the results obtained from this work are transferable to other countries with similar climates and building codes.
Within the limitations of this thesis and based on the findings from all parts and papers this thesis comprises, it is shown that utilization of thermal mass in office buildings reduces the daytime peak temperature, reduces the diurnal temperature swing, decreases the number of hours with excessive temperatures, and increases the ability of a space to handle daytime heat loads. Exposed thermal mass also contributes to decrease the net cooling demand in buildings. However, thermal mass is found to have only a minor influence on the heating demand in office buildings.
The quantity of the achievements is dependent on the amount of exposed thermal mass, night ventilation strategy, and airflow rates. In addition, parameters such as set point temperatures, control ranges, occupancy patterns, daytime ventilation airflow rates, and prevailing convection regimes are influential for the achieved result. The importance of these parameters are quantified and discussed.
Hovedmålene med denne avhandlingen har vært å evaluere hvordan, under hvilke forutsetninger og i hvilken utstrekning termisk masse kan bidra til å redusere netto energibehov i kontorbygninger. Avhandlingen vurderer også hvilke potensielle fordeler termisk masse har for det termiske inneklimaet, dvs. reduksjon av maksimumstemperatur, temperatursvingninger og antall timer med overtemperaturer. Disse undersøkelsene er gjort gjennom søk i litteraturen, feltstudier og analytiske metoder. Avhandlingen omfatter i hovedsak kontorbygninger under norske forhold, men metodene og resultatene er overførbare til andre land med sammenlignbare klimatiske forhold og byggeskikk.
Innenfor avgrensningene gjort i avhandlingen og basert funnene i de ulike delene og artiklene avhandlingen består av, er det vist at utnyttelse av termisk masse i kontorbygg bidrar til å redusere netto energibehov. Termisk masse reduserer også maksimumstemperaturen dagtid, demper temperaturvariasjonene over døgnet og reduserer antall timer med overtemperaturer. Utnyttelse av termisk masse bidrar også til at rom kan tåle en høyere intern varmelast enn lette rom uten at dette går ut over den termiske komforten. Termisk masse har imidlertid liten betydning for energibehovet for oppvarming i kontorbygg.
Gevinsten med å utnytte termisk masse avhenger av tilgjengeligheten av eksponerte tunge materialer, strategi for nattventilasjon og ventilasjonsluftmengder. I tillegg innvirker parametere som settpunkttemperaturer, dødbånd og kontrollintervaller for ventilasjonen og bruksmønster. Innvirkningen av disse parametrene er diskutert og kvantifisert.
Öhman, Axel, and Bill Edwall. "Opportunities for the Jatuwa community biogas plant : An energy demand survey and a field site examinationMinor Field Study." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233837.
Full textAs climate change becomes an ever-bigger issue for countries in the south-Himalayan region, policy makers become more aware of the problems associated with increasing temperatures. As countries consume more energy extracted from fossil fuels the climate becomes warmer, affecting ecosystems and increasing the risk of natural disasters. Nepal is one of the countries seeing the effects of global warming from close range and the country is now seriously aiming to develop its energy sector through the implementation of sustainable energies. One of the more successful stories of the Nepali energy sector is the implementation of biogas technology. As of today, more than 350 000 small scale biogas systems for single household use are operating all over Nepal. The Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), the focal governmental agency for the promotion of sustainable and clean energy, is now aiming to develop the large-scale biogas sector. This would increase the amount of domestic sustainable energy as well as the country’s energy security. The Shree Krishna Gau Sewa Sadan (SKGSS) is a Hindu trust located in south-eastern Nepal with the purpose of taking in and serving cows. It now aims to become economically self-sufficient by selling biogas and slurry produced from a newly constructed large-scale biogas plant to the nearby community households. The biogas will be produced from cow dung collected on the property and distributed to the households through a gas grid that is yet to be designed and built. The purpose of study was to investigate the opportunities for the trust to successfully operate the biogas plant and was focused on two areas of interest to the AEPC, which is the key sponsor of the community biogas project. The first was to primarily calculate the energy cooking demand of the nearby households, their current cost of cooking and their attitude towards a switch to biogas usage which would assist the planning of the future gas grid. The second was to localize and identify potential areas of improvements within the biogas system and based on that offer suggestions of improvements focused on technical aspects that would help the SKGSS to successfully operate the biogas plant.The study was conducted using a literature study, semi-constructed interviews, household surveys and on-site inspections of the biogas plant. The household survey showed that the nearby households’ interest in switching to biogas is high. Most of the households also showed to be willing to pay extra money to be connected to the biogas grid. The positive attitude towards biogas partly stems from a raised awareness about climate issues as well as increased security in energy security. The survey also showed that the nearby urban and semi-urban community is not a viable market for the produced slurry. However, Nepal is a big and growing market for organic high value fertilizer so the potential of a successful sale of slurry is still high. The primary calculations show that with the feedstock available, the community biogas plant cannot suffice more than 50 households’ energy demand for cooking. When designing the gas grid, proper calculations based on actual measurements of the biogas system need to be done. This study also recommends various improvements of the biogas system that will help the SKGSS biogas plant to operate successfully.
Eriksson, Robin. "Kost i relation till golfutövning : en studie om golfungdomars kostvanor samt kunskaper inom näringslära." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2207.
Full textMede, Sandra, and Patrik Rosdal. "Jämförelse av energiberäkningsmodeller : Dynamiskberäkningsmodell mot statisk beräkningsmodell." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31519.
Full textThe report is a comparative study between a static, simplified model for energy calculations against a more complex and dynamic model. To be able to compare these two models against each other the same set of variables have been chosen. The static model has been done by hand and the dynamic model has been calculated in a software meant for this. The previous research mainly deals with how well the calculation program performs in comprising to the real world or against other similar programs. Energy calculations, regardless of whether a static model or dynamic model is used, should be executed in accordance with the international standards setup for calculating a building's energy performance and the factors that affect it. The report does not take into account whether the construction as such meets the requirements of BBR, but only study the calculation methods and results. The report does not take into account whether the design as such meets the requirements of BBR, but only looks at the calculations as such. The work of making detailed and accurate energy calculations is time-consuming and requires relatively large amounts of data, which makes it ineffective to do these by hand. Thereto it is time-consuming to correct or change in hand calculations. However, there might be interesting to expand the study to include a case from the real world, and set the two calculation models against it and see which is more applicable to reality.
Betyg 170707, H14.
Hagström, Emelie, and Anna Isitman. "Svårt och exakt, eller enkelt och ungefärligt? : En systematisk genomgång av valideringsstudier på prediktiva ekvationer jämfört med indirekt kalorimetri för bedömning av energibehov hos äldre kritiskt sjuka patienter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377859.
Full textKällberg, Magnus, and Rikard Bertilsson. "Klimatförändringens påverkan på inomhusklimatet och energibehovet i småhus." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97210.
Full textOne- to two-family houses are being built to be more airtight and better insulated to meet the national goals for energy efficiency while the climate is getting warmer as a result of climate change. A poor indoor climate can lead to health problems and increased mortality rates. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how the indoor climate with a focus on temperature is affected by climate change in conjunction with the choice of different building technical solutions for a single-family house. The study is based on simulations with the VIP-Energy program for versions of a singlefamily house placed in Växjö in southern Sweden. Temperature and energy requirements were compiled in conjunction with various climate scenarios, building energy efficiency levels and building technology solutions. The results show that indoor temperatures could reach extremely high levels unless the solar transmittance is limited, and the house is cooled with active or passive cooling. The problem is exacerbated when the house is built according to stricter energy regulations.
Wendin, Erik. "Simulering av kyl- och värmesystem : -Analys av tre byggnader ovan jord vid slutförvaret för kortlivat radioaktivt avfall i Forsmark." Thesis, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-350265.
Full textTillman, Joacim. "Kategorisering av byggnader i Gävles fjärrvärmenät utifrån dess effektsignaturer : En fallstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27190.
Full textGävle Energi have recently implemented a new price model for district heating with a seasonal depended price model that came in 2018 and a capacity pricing model that will be implemented 2019. The new price model is supposed to reflect the cost to produce the district heating and to reward customers who preform efficiency measures to their buildings. The capacity pricing model, on which this study is focused on, will be based on the buildings energy demand at -10 degrees. Since the capacity price is the same for all customers, the price the customer pays instead will reflect the amount of energy demand the building needs at -10 degrees. In this study it will be investigated whether an estimate can be made to find out how big of an energy demand a newly connected customer’s building needs at -10 degrees from previously connected customers. Signatures from 115 previously connected customers with buildings build from 2000 – 2018 were used in this study. The building was then categorized to compare the energy demand for each customer with a similar building. Based on this, signatures were created for each individual building and then put together in a common chart for each category. With this, the idea was that a standard signature could be created for each category to the use this signature when calculating the capacity for a customer’s building. As the result was not as intended, these standard signatures could not be created without preforming a deeper analysis of each building. If a standard signature had been created with these results, an unfair capacity had been awarded to customers with a high and low energy consumption. Different analyzes were used to calculate the different energy demands for the creation of the signatures, partly with the housing area of the buildings and the surrounding area with the thoughts that the surrounding area would provide the study with a better result. However, the use of the surrounding area in the development of the signatures did not provide to be of better use as the results varied too much.
Björnberg, Inez, and Anita Tarus. "Off-Grid Tiny Housing : An Investigation of Local Sustainable Heat and Power Generation for an Artificial Island in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299849.
Full textEn växande världspopulation har resulterat i att ett ökande antal människor är hemlösa eller bor i bristfälliga bostäder. Den hotande klimatkrisen och jordens begränsade tillgångar kräver dessutom en hållbarare livsstil. Organisationen Stockholm Tiny House Expo vill bidra med en lösning till dessa problem: en artificiell ö med flera småhus, som kan anpassa sig till stigande havsnivåer, har noll nettoavfall och är helt självförsörjande gällande energi. Denna ö kommer symbolisera FN:s hållbarhetsmål och vara en turistattraktion så väl som skapa ett flertal arbetsmöjligheter. För att förverkliga denna vision krävs forskning för att hitta lösningar och göra denna ö till verklighet. Därmed är syftet med detta projekt att undersöka den ekonomiska och miljömässiga genomförbarheten av en hög grad av självförsörjning av energi, genom att lokalt producera kraft och värme, på en artificiell ö i Stockholm. Först utförs en litteraturstudie för att hitta lämpliga teknologier för att försörja ön med kraft och värme. Därefter används programvarorna IDA ICE och HOMER Pro för att simulera energibehovet och energiförsörjningen för ön. Åtta olika scenarier, med olika typer av försörjning och behov, konstrueras för att undersöka olika möjligheter för ön. Scenarierna utvärderas med hjälp av tekniska-, ekonomiska- och miljömässiga nyckeltal (key performance indicators). Ett scenario där behovet är reducerat samt att kraft och värme endast försörjs av resurser på ön, bedöms vara mest relevant baserat på Stockholm Tiny House Expos vision. En känslighetsanalys utförs därför på detta scenario. Resultaten tyder på att scenariot är tekniskt och miljömässigt genomförbart; dock visade den ekonomiska utvärderingen att det inte är lönsamt. Trots detta så skulle det kunna vara möjligt om vidare åtgärder tas för att skapa en prissättningsmodell mot kunderna. Sammanfattningsvis så tyder resultaten på att det är möjligt för Stockholm Tiny House Expo att vara självförsörjande gällande kraft och värme som endast utnyttjar förnybar energi. Utvärderingen av resultatet visade dock att det inte är ekonomiskt genomförbart. Det nationella kraftnätet bidrog dessutom inte till påverkan på den omgivande miljön och inte heller någon betydande mängd växthusgasutsläpp. Följaktligen rekommenderas nätanslutning för Stockholm Tiny House Expo.
Eklund, Simon. "Energiberäkningar på unikt lågenergihus : Beräkningar av elenergibehov, tankar kring självförsörjning och frågor om klimatpåverkan." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163739.
Full textAbout two years ago Laura and Erik Vidje began building their very own home just outside the city of Umeå. This building project would later turn out to become a unique and well noticed project with many involved and interested parties. The building project involved an entire estate with a residence, guest house, cold storage cellar and a PV (photovoltaic) system, and Laura and Erik were planning on doing as work as possible by themselves. What made this estate so unique was the choice of designing it according to the passive house requirements and at the same time be using unconventional and recyclable building materials, among other things was that the isolating material was going to be entirely made up of straw and the base plate would be made of recycled foam glass. The construction was going to be very well thought through, with large window facing south and a long roof overhang that will protect against insolation during summer but optimizes the insolation during winter. The walls would be built almost one meter thick to make great isolation and the entire building envelope were going to be extremely dense to minimize heat loss, but the most obvious unique attribute about the residence were going to be its round shape. By today the estate is nearly finished, but before a few technical instalments is executed the Vidje couple wanted to know what energy related needs the estate will have and how it will perform relative to official requirements. This specifically turned out to be only positive for them because the estate is now estimated to have a total need of electricity at about 23,1 kWh/m2 Atemp and year, which is almost one third lower than the standard value only for household energy. Also, the BBR-requirement for EPpet (primärenergital) turned out to be more than twice as high as the actual EPpet for the estate, which proves how well thought out the building project is and its high quality. In addition to this there were an interest in learning about knew technologies within sustainable housing and whether it was possible to implement these to their home. An important question to the Vidje couple was the possibilities regarding the PV system combined with a battery storage system. They would want to use as much of their own solar electricity as possible. What this project found out was that the 5 kWp (kilowattpeak) PV system would be able to cover around 70% of the estates yearly electricity needs, but that they would only be able to personally use no more than half of all that produced electricity. The rest would have to be sold and transferred out on the grid or possibly be saved in a battery storage unit. What became obvious while calculating the profitability of a battery storage system was that, with today’s electricity pricing, to sell the surplus PV production out on the grid will always be the most economically profitable option. Economic profitability was a reoccurring theme, especially for the PV- and battery storage system. Most of the focus regarding the PV system was between the options of renting it or buying it. In the end it turned out not to be a very significant difference 5 between the two options, the most decisive aspect when choosing will most likely be the difference of overall comfortability between the two. Analysing the PV system became a larger part of this project than expected when another request was to figure out how big of a climate impact the system would have compared to if the same amount of electricity was used from Umeå Energis grid. This analysis came up with probably one of the most interesting results of this entire project. Because PV panels require a lot of energy to produce and a large proportion of all panels in the world are produced in countries with a high carbon footprint, it means that PV systems has one of the worst climate impacts of all renewable energy sources. According to Umeå Energi 100% of their electricity are produced from renewable sources where solar power is not one of them. Because of this it turned out that during the 25-year lifespan of the PV system it would have more than twice the climate impact rather than if the electricity came from the power grid. The Vidje couple also wanted to know more about newly developed technologies related to energy, among things like V2G, self-sustaining homes, hydrogen energy storage, direct current grids and electric vehicle charging, to be able to establish whether any of these would be possible to integrate with their home in the near future. V2G, Vehicle-to- Grid, is still very much under development and therefore are not available for any person to use. Self-sustainability is definitely possible with today’s standards, but the only method that seems to work well enough is hydrogen energy storage which is still not very well established on the market and therefore also very expensive. Readjusting your home to work with a direct current grid is an interesting trend that some knowledgeable people have been doing lately, but it seems to be just that, something only a person who is interested and knowledgeable in the area are capable to perform at this stage. There are now established technique for easily changing your home to be able to run on direct current. Because the Vidje couple are planning on getting an electric car it made them curious about what options there were to be able to charge it at home. The most critical question was if a charging box is a requirement or not. The answer is pretty simple, a charging box is technically not a requirement, but using a 230 V power outlet as standard is a very bad and sometimes even considered as dangerous. It is also a very inefficient method because regular outlets can only put out a relatively low power charge and therefore would mean unreasonably long charging times. An 11 kW charger box seems to be the best option right now be able to charge your electric car at home. Quick chargers above 22 kW to exist but are usually expensive and only lowers the charging time a little bit which for most households are quite unnecessary.
Linse, Matilda. "ENERGIBEHOVET I EN KONTORSBYGGNAD : En studie om beläggningsgradens inverkan på energibehovet." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147903.
Full textThere are high requirements and demands to be able to provide sustainable and energy efficient buildings. Initially factors that influence the energy demand in buildings are presented to be continued by the study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of occupancy and attendance of the energy use in an office building in Stockholm. In energy simulation models an assumption of occupancy of 70 percent is the most common, which is also the case for the reference model in this study. In the reference model the disposable office locations were 1230 which corresponds to 861 attendances with the assumption of the 70 percent occupancy. In the study the referensmodell were modified by 300, 600, 900, 1500 and 2000 disposable office locations including the equipment of the attendances. The obtained results were that the occupancy and attendance did not have a significant influence of the energy demand in the office building for the first four cases due to a constant volume air flow. The reason was that the reduced energy demand of heating was cancelled out by the increased energy demand for cooling and vice versa. However, for the case with disposable office locations of 2000 the cooling demand did increase rapidly at the same time as the heating demand did not decrease at the same rate which resulted in an increased energy demand for the office building. The conclusion of this study, based on the results obtained for the specific office building, thus became that the assumed occupancy rate of 70 percent can be considered reasonable because a constant energy demand was obtained when the occupancy was between 17 and 85 percent. However, this conclusion requires a constant air volume flow in the ventilation system. Furthermore, the number of coated office locations could be increased from the current 861 to 1050 without affecting the total energy demand for the office building. If the occupancy rate would be higher than 85 percent, then the office space per worker would not be in accordance to the benchmark. Hence, it is not beneficial to have more covered office locations than 1050 in the specific office building.
Mustafa, Warid, and Ghazi Hala Haidar. "Skillnaden mellan beräknad och uppmätt energianvändning i två olika kontorshus." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20081.
Full textToday, there is a number of requirements and recommendations by government agencies which aim to regulate and reduce energy consumption in office buildings. Boverket Byggregler, BBR, provides guidance on how to meet such requirements. With this as a starting point, calculation to determine energy usage are currently carried out in the design phase to ensure the future energy consumption does not exceed the allowed rate. However, previous studies have shown it is quite common that the actual energy consumption rate exceeds the calculated or even the allowed rate.The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences between the estimated and the measured values for office buildings. Additionally, this review intends to determine the underlying causes of those differences. An analysis of the various factors that affect energy use has also been conducted and the necessary information to complete such analysis has been collected through interviews with the developer.The survey, the actual energy use for the two examined offices exceeds the calculated energy consumption value. Furthermore, the survey shows near large windows, the energy usage was higher due to having more window area, resulting in heat during the summer and needs more energy for cooling down the office buildings.The specific energy use for each office building achieves Miljöbyggnad:s requirement level Bronze and Silver. For the requirement level Bronze, the specific energy use for an extension must be below 80 kWh/m^2 and for the requirement level Silver for a reconstruction shall be 118 kWh/m^2. On the other hand, the use of energy for heating and comfort cooling varies where the monthly measured values for each office exceed that calculated during the year 2017. There are several reasons why estimated energy requirements are too low due to the energy calculation program used, IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA ICE). ), some input data may have been overestimated or underestimated. For example, the use of additional energy can be overestimated, too low indoor temperature and that no consideration of the effect of cold bridges can be included can contribute to the calculated heat requirement being too low. Therefore, it is too early to draw any conclusions as more and more surveys are needed before being able to generalize the results.
Emtfors, Sandra, Lisbeth Holgersson, and Robert Friedrich. "Smaksatt proteinberikad havredryck : en vegetabilisk dryck fri från allergener." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10753.
Full textThere are constantly new studies with various health advice regarding diet and physicalactivity on how to avoid obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The interestof the protein's effect on building muscle during physical activity has increased. Thishas resulted in a variety of different drinks with protein supplements on the market,mainly derived from animal origin.The purpose of this report was to develop a vegetable protein enriched oat drink that isexpected to help the body during recovery. The work meant to develop a recipe basedon the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004 (NNR) with a focus on protein,carbohydrates and fat. The target was also to exclude allergens. The drink was based onan average from the physically active and older people's nutritional needs, in order tobroaden the prospective drink's target audience.Four flavored drinks were made with different energy content from two oat drinks, oneplain and one oat drink enriched with calcium. To evaluate the public's perception of thedifferent beverages composition a consumer test was performed. The results of theconsumer test showed that there was a statistically significant difference on texture,taste and appearance. However, the majority of respondents were positive about thebeverages sensory properties.
Camaj, Ericson Therese. "Energieffektivisering och beslutsfattande inom fastighetsbranschen : En studie av hur ett energibolag kan bistå fastighetsägare." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146972.
Full textBuildings stand for almost 40 percent of the energy usage in Sweden and the potential for energy efficiency within the sector is huge. Meanwhile, the market for energy services is growing vastly and the opportunities for collaboration between property owners and companies providing energy services is bigger than ever. One category that is trying to take a share of the new market is the energy companies. The competition is hard though, and to secure their position on the developing market, the energy companies must form new strategies, moving from exclusively delivering energy to also include energy services, which require a new customer perspective. The purpose of this study is to help the energy company Elkraft Sverige to understand different type of property owners’ energy situation and need for energy services. The report aims to deliver a recommendation to Elkraft Sverige, describing how they should move forward with their development of energy services in order to support their customers in the best way possible. This was done by initially investigating different property owners’ energy situation, their decision-making regarding energy projects as well as their need for energy services. Next, the result was analyzed, and finally a recommendation was made. The data collection methods consisted of a literature study, semi-structured interviews and a survey. The interviewees comprised solely of decision-makers of high rank. The conclusion is that Elkraft Sverige should perfect their existing energy services and also look for external alliances to complement their limited offer. The company must act proactively and start to form their energy services immediately since the interest for energy services is increasing, and it is important to be ready when the demand rises. Their full attention should be directed towards designing a service regarding energy analysis, which should be updated when necessary, based on feedback provided by customers. Furthermore, Elkraft Sverige should embrace the role as a trustworthy company, and since energy services strengthen the customer contact, the company will secure future sales by broadening its focus to include customer satisfaction, not only delivered energy. Elkraft Sverige should also make sure that the company’s staff is competent and has been provided the relevant education. This is important because trust, which is secured through knowledge and motivation, is crucial if the company wants to land future sales. Also, they must keep their eyes open for changes on the ever-changing market for energy services.
Fejza, Sead, and Admir Turkanovic. "HUR FÖRÄNDRAS ENERGIBEHOVET VID ORIENTERING AV BOSTADSOMRÅDEN OCH BYGGNADER EFTER VÄDERSTRECKEN?" Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15267.
Full textHow does the energy requirement change after orientation of the buildings after the compass directions?The purpose with the work is to design a residential area of circa 10 hectares containing 70-90 homes in the form of three different types with the ambition to be as energy efficient as possible. The buildings and site plans have been designed after analysis made on existing residential areas in Sweden and a comprehensive energy calculation has been made. Common factors that influence the energy has been studied, such as compass orientation, window area and building shells beyond that own elements has been created.The results are presented in two different site plans, Proposal 1 and Proposal 2, which is oriented after two different directions, north-south and east-west. An energy calculation have been made that clarifies the difference in energy requirement . The three type of buildings have been placed in the various proposals with the respective long facade of the proposed orientation.The energy calculation shows that there is a difference in energy requirement between the two areas. It appears that Proposal 2, which is oriented in north-south direction has an energy requirement that is 10% lower than what Proposal 1 is, which is oriented in west-east direction.Regard to each building's energy requirement, we have strived to achieve the energy requirements for passive houses. The result shows that the villa and the terraced house does not meets the requirement. It appears that the semi-detached house is the only house type that can handle the requirement and can therefore be classified as a passive houseIn the project we used the computer program Sketchup and Archicad where drawings and visualizations are made, they are presented as appendices in the report. Laws for Planning and the Swedish standard has been followed under current law and practice.
Mohsin, Nooraldeen, and Bawan Hardi. "Ytterväggar för nybyggnation av modulhus : Hur påverkar valet av yttervägg installation och kostnader för modulhus." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36330.
Full textBengtsdottir, Fanney, and Norrman Christel Hagerup. "Att bygga energisnålt med olika ventilationssystem." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76634.
Full textA ventilation system in a building provides sufficient amount of fresh air and create a negative pressure to reduce moisture-related problems. Today several ventilation systems, some with different energy recovery, are available and those inherence different features and limitations. This study examines differences between exhaust air ventilation without heat recovery (F), exhaust air heat pump (FVP) and exhaust and supply air ventilation with a rotating heat exchanger (FTX) in nearly zero-energy houses. Three single-family houses in Kronoberg County were strategically chosen for the data collection, measurements, interviews and calculations to evaluate and compare their system’s performances in terms of thermal comfort, air circulation, heat recovery effects, energy use and financial attractiveness. The results show that the criteria for thermal comfort are satisfied and the specific energy consumption are within the current requirements in all these houses. Under the period of investigation, the house without heat recovery requires minimum quantity of electricity for ventilation system where as the house with FVP is the most energy efficient. Also, the house with an FVP shows to be the most cost-efficient with lowest accumulated costs. The results are limited for a specific outdoor climate during the studied period. Therefore, examinations over a longer term in different contexts are recommended for a more comprehensive view.
Schönberg, Birgitta. "Teknikhistoria, en beskrivning av hur energibehovet löstes vid uppfordring av vatten och malm ur gruvorna." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1144.
Full textSyftet med arbetet är att få kunskaper om hur energibehovet löstes inom gruvbrytningen från 1200-1300 talen fram till början av 1900 talet. Jag har studerat tekniken som användes vid gruvorna runt Åtvidaberg. Anledningen till detta är att här finns flera olika energikällor representerade. Dessutom startade gruvbrytningen tidigt, kanske redan på 1200 talet och har därför satt sin prägel på det samhälle som växte fram runt gruvhanteringen.
Energibehovet har hela tiden ökat inom gruvbrytningen. Främst beroende på, att då schakten blev djupare, ökade vattentillrinningen. Detta krävde allt effektivare pumpar för vattenuppfordringen. Utvecklingen har gått från att muskelkraft varit den största energikällan till att vattenkraft, ångkraft, turbiner och elektricitet utnyttjats för det ökade behovet av energi.
Sköld, Andreas, and Johansson Mikael Nordh. "Systemlösningar för plus- eller passivhus : En studie med syftet att lösa energibehovet för ett specifikt hus." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32890.
Full textHuset som ligger till grund för detta arbete har som syfte att kunna komma in på marknaden som ett billigt men klimatsmart val. Huset ska kunna byggas vart som helst i Sverige och i resten av Skandinavien på kort tid. Detta ställer krav på vad huset kan ha för värmesystem, då inte alla platser har förutsättningar för att använda till exempel bergvärme eller fjärrvärme. Därav används värmesystem som är oberoende av omgivningen. I arbetet "Systemlösningar för plus- eller passivhus" har en mängd beräkningar, en omfattande litteraturstudie och en multikriterieanalys gjorts. Detta för att ta reda på vilken systemlösning som skulle kunna vara bäst för detta specifika hus. I arbetet jämförs hur vattenmantlade kaminer och värmepumpar fungerar i ett system tillsammans med solfångare. Studien innefattar även att ta reda på hur många solfångare och solceller som kan placeras på huset för att använda förnyelsebara källor i största möjliga utsträckning. Samt vilka val som är ekonomiskt smarta över en längre period och även hur miljön påverkas av dessa val. Efter beräkningar och litteraturstudier valdes tre olika värmesystem; Vattenmantlad vedkamin med solfångare Vattenmantlad pelletskamin med solfångare Luft/vatten värmepump med solfångare Resultatet visade ekonomiska skillnader där den vedeldade kaminen var billigast, dock släpper den ut en del farliga gaser vid sin ofullständiga förbränning och kräver mycket uppmärksamhet. Den vattenmantlade pelletskaminen blev dyrare då investeringskostnaden är högre än för vedkaminen och där den årliga bränsleförbrukningen för pellets är cirka dubbelt så hög gentemot veden. Till sin fördel har den ett enklare självmatande system vilket kräver mindre tid av brukaren. Den har även högre verkningsgrad än sin vedeldade motsvarighet och släpper därför ut mindre farliga gaser. Värmepumpen visade sig vara dyrast och det är även den svåraste att miljöbedöma. Elen som används är svår att förutse var den kommer från. Om källan är förnyelsebar kan det argumenteras att värmepumpen är det mest miljövänliga valet. Om den däremot kommer från marginalel ger den upphov till stora mängder växthusgaser i atmosfären. En fördel med värmepumpen är att den är enkel att använda då den till stor del sköter sig själv till skillnad från pelletskaminen och vedkaminen. Slutsatsen blev att huset är vältänkt och klarar passivstandard i stora delar av Sverige. Huset uppfyllde dock inte kravet för plushus. En stor bidragande orsak till detta är husets taklutning. Att taket lutar mot norr innebär att antalet solcellsmoduler blir för få, vilket leder till för liten elproduktion. Detta är det enda som skulle kunna ses som en stor brist eftersom det motverkar syftet med huset. Valet av typen av uppvärmning är endast vägledande och lämnas därför öppet för val. Enligt de sista beräkningarna som gjordes ses vedkaminen som det bästa valet, vilket i stort beror på den stora skillnaden i pris över en längre period. Det styr dock inte valet för alla brukare.
Klarström, Diana. "En Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor som försteg till en Långtidsluftad Aktivslam : Syresättningsförmågan och syrebehovets påverkan på energibehovet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78789.
Full textAndersson, Sara. "Våningspåbyggnad av miljonprogrammets flerbostadshus : Simulering av energiprestanda i IDA ICE." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-115774.
Full textDuring the years 1965-1974 around one million new housing were built in Sweden, this was also known as the “miljonprogrammet”. Today, nearly a third of the Swedish housing stock is from this particular period, and many buildings are reaching the end of their technical lifetime. After the new EU directives Sweden have decided on developing it's on national goals to achieve smart energy consumption. To speed up this development can the renovations of the existing "miljonprogrammet" executed in combination with storey extension. Sweden is also facing growing housing shortage, much like during construction of the “miljonprogrammet” as well as limited areas both in urban and densely populated areas. By refurbishing buildings from the “miljonprogrammet” in conjunction with a storey extension, new housing can be built in a resource and energy efficient way. This should also improve the energy performance of the existing building. In this project, the energy performance of an apartment building, typical from this time, was evaluated and then compared to a modified building with a storey extension. A reference house located in Nacka, Sweden was used to simulate the annual energy usage in the software IDA ICE. The simulation yielded an energy usage of 197.1 kWh/m2 for the reference building and 167.1 kWh/m2 for the building with a storey extension. After the project it became clear that a storey extension on a building from the “miljonprogrammet” improved the existing building's energy consumption. At best, a building like the reference house can improve the energy classification from energy class G to E. Residential densification using storey extension is beneficial in many aspects. In addition to lowering the total energy consumption of the building it also creates new homes in a resource efficient manner. Society must seek to create enticements for property owners to renovate and execute energy efficient measures on their properties. One such example would be three-dimensional property formation which is also an alternative form of financing investment such as a renovation.
Denna studentuppsats, som inte är ett examensarbete, är genomförd i projektkursen 5EN040 under hösten 2015. Studentarbetet har bedrivits i sammarbete med Tyréns Umeå.
Uppsatsen ingår som ett kursmoment i projektkursen 5EN040 i energiteknik
Magnusson, Tommy, and Anders Löfberg. "Energieffektivisering av ett flerbostadshus inom miljonprogrammet : Energibesparande åtgärder för en halvering av energibehovet av Jakthornsgatan 88/98 i Karlstad." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37850.
Full textIn order to contribute to a sustainable society, man needs to make measures to satisfy current and future generation’s needs. A large part of today's energy transformation contributes to several environmental effects such as of global warming. The million program was an initiative by the government decided during the early 60's to end the housing shortage in Sweden. The million program meant that a million homes would be built over a 10 year period. To keep down costs, labor and to achieve the desired number of homes in time new construction methods as mass production, standardization and elements construction were used. The buildings were mostly built by concrete and was not energy efficient compared to today standard. To lower the total energy demand of Sweden through energy efficiency of homes in the million program would be a good initiative as they form a quarter of Sweden's housing stock. Jakthornsgatan 88/98 is a multi-family dwelling in the area Kronoparken in Karlstad which is a part of the million program. The object is by energy-efficient measures to stimulate the economical, ecological and social aspects as well as halving the specific energy at 198 kWh / m2*year according to energy performance. The building were simulated in the energy calculation program VIP-Energy 2.1.1 and gave a specific energy consumption of 180 kWh/m2*year. The measures applied for the house is the recovery of ventilation heat by adjusting the flow, by installing an exhaust air heat pump, and additional insulation of the attic, the exterior wall and the basement wall. By simulating these measures the specific energy consumption dropped from 180 kWh/m2*year to 91 kWh/m2*year. LCC calculations have shown that on a 15-year period, these measures would mean a saving of 0.7 to 3.52 million Swedish kronor and a payback period of 7 to 11 years, these numbers depends on the value of inflation, interest rate and energy price.
Svensson, Michelle. "Life cycle assessment of the semidetached passive house "Röda lyktan" in northern Sweden : A comparison between the construction phase and the use phase." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19559.
Full textDen här rapporten är en livscykelanalys av ett relativt nybyggt passivhus/lågenergihus som också är ett parhus (ett hus delat i två separata lägenheter) beläget i Östersund/Jämtland. Analysen koncentrerar sig på byggnadsmaterialen i konstruktionsfasen och energin i användningsfasen under 50 år. Konstruktionsfasen inkluderar stomme, grund, inner- och ytterväggar, inner- och yttertak, mellanbjälklag, golvbeklädnader, inner- och ytterdörrar, fönster, invändig trappa med trappräcke, kamin och FTX-ventilationssystem. Inventeringen för att få fram volymen på varje material har gjorts med hjälp av ritningar och intervjuer. Inventeringen av användningsfasen har gjorts med hjälp av mätvärden från en parallell studie av Itai Danielski på energianvändningen i huset (Danielski, Svensson & Fröling, 2013). Databasen Ecoinvent har sedan använts för att få fram ett resultat för volym- och energivärdena. Inventeringsdatan är allokerad och karaktäriseringsmetoderna GWP (globalt uppvärmingspotential), CED (kumulativt energibehov) och USEtox (toxicitet) har använts. Målet med studien är att jämföra konstruktionsfasen med användningsfasen för att kunna se vilken fas som har högst energivärden och miljöpåverkan. Målet är också att undersöka vilka material i konstruktionsfasen som har högst förkroppsligad energi och miljöpåverkan, i syftet att eventuellt kunna byta ut vissa material till miljövänligare alternativ, för att få ett miljövänligare hus i framtida liknande byggnationer. Resultaten visar att i en jämförelse mellan konstruktionsfasen och användningsfasen, och med hänsyn till de parametrar som ingår i studien, att användningsfasen har de högsta värdena för globalt uppvämingspotential (runt 54 %), kumulativt energibehov (runt 80 %), ekotoxicitet (runt 56 %), human icke-cancerogen toxicitet (runt 77 %) och total human toxicitet (runt 75 %). Konstruktionsfasen har högst värden för human cancerogen toxicitet (runt 57 %). Även om användningsfasen har högst värden i de flesta kategorierna så har även konstruktionsfasen höga värden. Ju mer energieffektiva husen blir och med en ökad användning av energi från förnyelsebara källor, desto viktigare blir konstruktionsfasen ur ett miljöperspektiv. Det betyder att materialvalen som görs i huset blir väldigt viktiga om passivhus ska fortsätta anses som miljövänliga även i framtiden. Denna studie visar också att FTX-ventilationssystemet, några av isoleringsmaterialen (med cellplasten och stenullen i topp), metallerna (med plåttaket av stål i topp), limträbalkar och träfiberskivor har några av de högsta värdena av miljöpåverkan och den högsta förkroppsligade energin. Dessa material borde i framtida byggnationer övervägas att om möjligt ersättas med andra material med mindre miljöpåverkan.
Ekström, Amelie, and Jessica Wänlund. "Nätanslutning av en framtida elväg : En kartläggning av anslutningsmöjligheter för E4an mellan Gävle och Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-439941.
Full textWänlund, Jessica, and Amelie Ekström. "Nätanslutning av en framtida elväg : En kartläggning av anslutningsmöjligheter för E4an mellan Gävle och Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-439942.
Full textAndersson, Sara. "Energisparåtgärder i samband med påbyggnad av nya bostäder : En fallstudie av Röda längan i IDA ICE." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122069.
Full textAs older buildings in our housing stock are in increasing need of extensive renovations, it further enhances our social requirements. It is then needed alongside with renovations to find whole measures that yields energy savings which also is financially profitable. In this report, we examine the possible energy savings alongside with the profitability of the energy measures connected with extensions of new housing on top of an existing housing. The current heating system of the building is replaced with geothermal heating, which is also working through to the ventilation system. Thereafter the building is extended with three new floors. The report also evaluates if an extension of new housing in the individual case is to be seen as an extension or a reconstruction, together with the demands of which are put on an altered building in accordance to PBL and BBR. With the help of the computational energy software IDA ICE, the affect from the different energy measures could be studied. The yearly economical savings was then compared to the cost of the different measures. The measures were deemed profitable if the value of the yearly savings exceeded the initial cost. For the specific case, the measures of energy savings gave an considerable improvement for the extension, both in energy but also in the economical sense. The investment of the extensions is to be seen payed via sales of apartments, and the payback on the actions taken on the existing building is estimated to within 10 to 15 years. for the individual case the possible yearly energy savings, after completed measures, is upwards of 74 percent, which translates to 130 kWh/m2 per year. This report also states that, in specific case, extensions of new housing is to be seen as an extensions and that four geothermal heating pumps are enough to reach sufficient energy savings together with economical profitability.