Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Energisimulering'
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Flygare, Kristoffer. "Energisimulering av Fortifikationsverkets Kontorsbyggnad 1 : Energisimulering och utvärdering av renovering." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-109540.
Full textThe purpose of this project is to analyze an upcoming renovation of an office building in Boden, owned by Fortifikationsverket. The project makes use of the software IDA Indoor Climate and Energy and Revit to simulate the building as it will function after completed renovation. This way Fortifikationsverket has a reference value to use when evaluating the actual performance of the building. The project introduces the reader to Revit as well as to the simulation program IDA ICE and shows how energy consumption may be simulated when one wishes to renovate a building. Drawings, an energy report and measured energy consumption act as the basis for the simulation and where values are not available assumptions are made. The upcoming renovation consists of a new HVAC system and rules set forth by Fortifikationsverket which are to be followed when a building under their regime is renovated. These rules consists of reducing air leakage, lowering room temperature and installing more effective lightning, fans, heat exchangers and air cooling. The project finds that the upcoming renovation lowers the yearly energy consumption of the building by approximately 31 %, heating and electricity are included in this energy consumption and are lowered by approximately 29 % and 33 % respectively. The yearly use of heating and electricity is found to be 409 009 kWh and 446 905 kWh respectively. Of the various measures taken by the renovation the heat recovery is found to be the most effective. The electricity consumption was lowered most by more effective lightning and fans.
Jutengren, Fredrik. "Energisimulering av Lammhults avloppsreningsverk : En jämförelse av energieffektiviserande åtgärder." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53261.
Full textAndersson, Simon. "Analys av energisimulering från projekteringsskede och verklig energianvändning i lokalbyggnad." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136736.
Full textTapper, Martin. "Energisimulering för optimala förhållanden för fritidshus : Simulering genomförd med IDA ICE." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20947.
Full textAziz, Pola, and Kelvin Huynh. "Energieffektivisering av miljonprogrammet i samband med våningspåbyggnad : Energisimulering i IDA ICE." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231549.
Full textA majority of houses that were built during the years 1965-1974 is usually referred to as the million program. After 40-50 years of use, the buildings have reached their technical life expectancy and need to be renovated. At the same time, the lack of housing shortage continues to exist while energy requirements from the government are becoming increasingly strict. The government maintains and run a strict policy to reduce the energy consumption of the housing sector in hope of achieving a more sustainable society. The study is based on a multi-family house located in Kaverös, Gothenburg at Barytongatan 4, which is part of the Kaverös Stage II project. In this study, energy conservation measures are investigated in connection with story extension and the applicable regulations when it comes to rebuilding and upgrading in accordance with BBR and PBL. Using the IDA ICE simulation program, different energy conservation measures could be studied. The result of each individual energy conservation measure, and a combination of these were then compared with the existing building's energy declaration and static. This study is limited to energy calculation and no financial calculations are presented The result shows that only a few interventions in the reference housing, according to the regulations BBR and PBL, can affect the energy consumption and reduce it from 147 kWh/m² to 104.8 kWh/m², which corresponds to 28.8 percent.
Henriksen, Theodor. "Energisimulering av ett nordsvenskt plusenergihus med kombination av bergvärme och solceller." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35985.
Full textThe interest in low-energy-houses has risen in recent years as the energy usage around the globe is constantly increasing, resulting in ever-increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In this project, the energy consumption of a building in a northern area of Sweden, Gnarp, with an Atemp of 716m2 was simulated using IDA indoor Climate and Energy (IDA ICE) and WINSUN. The building has two floors and is comprised of eight apartments. It is heated using geothermal heating since it is not located close enough to a district heating area. The goal of the simulation was to determine if this building is an energy-plus-house, whereby a PV-system mounted on the rooftop allows for the energy production-value of the building to be higher than the energy-usage. The theoretical results of the simulation show that this building is indeed an energy-plus-house since the PV-system is generating more energy than the yearly usage of the building. This simulation shows that it is possible to build an energy-plus-house in northern areas of Sweden where temperatures are highly variable and can go below -30°C during winter season. It indicates a yearly electricity-production of over 26 700 kWh/year and a usage of approximately 16 400 kWh/year, where the domestic hot water accounts for the highest usage of electricity. This means that the building generates an electricity surplus of approximately 10 300 kWh/year. The building is well isolated and has well placed windows for heat generation via the sun. It includes an effective heat pump, an FTX-system, and solar panels on the roof which gives the opportunity for an energy-production that is larger than the energy-usage, which in turn gives the opportunity for an energy-plus-house classification. The heating, domestic hot water, and the building electricity were all considered when calculating the estimation of the energy-quality of the property. The PV-system generates more energy during the summer, which results in an overproduction of electricity at certain times of the year. The extra electricity produced can be sold to the electric utility.
Revholm, Johan. "Energisimulering av kvarteret Hästskon 9 och 12 med ombyggnad och termiskt akviferlager." Thesis, KTH, Uthålliga byggnadssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124630.
Full textThis thesis investigates the viability of a system solution for aquifer thermal energy storage along with new HVAC technical solutions in real estates Hästskon 9 and 12 at a proposed future renovation. It also explores opportunities for certification in the Swedish energy and environmental certification system Miljöbyggnad (Environmental Building) regarding energy consumption, daylight comfort, solar heat load and thermal comfort for the renovation and extension proposal of Hästskon 12 with the goal of the GOLD level. By exploiting the aquifer in the properties Hästskon 9 and 12 today, very low energy consumption is achievable with seasonal energy efficiency via chillers for heating and cooling supply of 5.6. The LCC analysis shows that there are energy cost savings for property owner Vasakronan of about 3.65 million SEK per year compared to the current situation, if the described aquifer thermal energy storage solution is used. This gives a payback time of approximately 4.5 years in the investment to be made. Certification in the Miljöbyggnad system for existing buildings is probably possible with the aquifer thermal energy storage, but with BRONZE or possibly SILVER level. In the future refurbishment and extension proposal, the property owner adds about 13 000 m² of additional rentable commercial premises and offices. Nevertheless, the energy use of the properties decreases further owing to a seasonal energy efficiency via chillers for heating and cooling supply of 7.0 when the data centre refrigeration equipment for tenant SEB persists with heat recovery on the properties' heating systems, heating and cooling systems are adapted for low heat carrier temperature and high brine water temperature, ventilation systems are designed for low fan electricity demand and high heat recovery rate, glass solutions chosen are based on limited solar radiation and the building envelope is additionally insulated to some extent. Energy cost savings are furthered to 4.8 million SEK per year compared to the current situation. Even if the data centre refrigeration equipment for tenant SEB is closed down in a future refurbishment scenario, there is possibility to independently supply the property with its own heat produced by an additional heat pump, which removes the dependence of tenant SEB's data centre for heat supply and yet provides an energy saving of 4.25 million SEK per year compared the current situation. Such a solution will result in specific energy with the BBR 2012 (Swedish building regulations) definition of only about 30 kWh / m² Atemp, year. This figure is much lower than new construction requirements of BBR 2012 and on par with virgin buildings with borehole energy storage system. Based on the analysis of the Miljöbyggnad system indicators for energy, solar thermal load, daylight comfort and thermal comfort it is possible to certify Hästskon 12 and 9 in a future refurbishment and extension at GOLD level with some changes in the refurbishment proposal. In order to achieve GOLD level with respect to daylight comfort and solar heat load, special adaptation of the glazing on the S building, M building's facade facing Malmskillnadsgatan, and a large atrium in the H-building is required to let in enough natural light while still providing effective solar shading.
Carlsson, Johan. "Osäkerhet i energisimuleringar av flerbostadshus : Analys av fem nybyggnationer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-167944.
Full textAljaberi, Saif, and Aram Majeed. "Energisimulering i modulhus : Fallstudie för uppskattning av energiprestanda och därefter energieffektivisera enligt passivhusstandaren." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29781.
Full textMamic, Mario. "Energiuppföljning i Swecohuset : Hur väl stämmer energiberäkningar från ursprunglig energisimulering överens med verkligt utfall?" Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188599.
Full textEfter förlängning av hyresavtalet mellan Sweco och AMF Fastigheter om Swecohuset i Marieberg, Stockholm beslutades det att fastigheten skulle totalrenoveras för att kunna rymma Swecos alla medarbetare i Stockholm under ett tak. Målet efter renoveringen var att miljöcertifiera Swecos delar av fastigheten enligt Miljöbyggnad nivå GULD. För att erhålla miljöcertifieringen krävdes en energisimulering på Swecohuset som visade att fastighetens framtida energibehov uppfyller kraven för nivå GULD enligt Miljöbyggnad. I examensarbetet utförs en energiuppföljning på Swecos delar av Swecohuset för att se hur välresultatet från ursprunglig energisimulering stämmer överens med fastigheten i verkligt drift. Syftet med examensarbetet är att skapa en överblick och bättre bild av framtida energibehov i fastigheten. Efter kartläggning och analys av Swecohusets tekniska installationer och ingående systemensdrift och styrning har beräkning av fastighetens energianvändning genomförts och jämförts med vad som beräknats fram i ursprunglig energisimulering. Ytterligare har andelen köptenergi och energi från fastighetens geolager beräknats fram. Jämförelsen mellan ursprunglig energisimulering och fastighetens verkliga energianvändningvisar att fastigheten presterar marginellt bättre i verklig drift. Feluppskattning av några faktorer gjordes men genom medvetna val i andra faktorer skapades en säkerhetsmarginal för eventuella feluppskattningar. Svårigheter vid uppskattning av flera faktorer finns och resultatet i examensarbetet visar på den komplexitet arbetet med energisimuleringar kan innehålla och vikten av rätt indata för att energisimuleringar ska vara ett kraftfullt verktyg för uppskattning av en fastighets framtida energibehov.
Almberg, Stina, and Gabriella Michel. "Analys av energianvändningen i kvarteren Carolina och Jenny : en fallstudie." Thesis, University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6964.
Full textAn energy study has been performed on two blocks in an area called Gävle Strand. The buildings are owned by a tenant-owner’s association called brf Carolina and were built by the company Skanska 2008. The builder as well as brf Carolina are pussled by the fact that electricity use is higher than expected while heating is less. Skanska is also very interested in finding out how much heat recovery from stale exhaust air through a geo-thermal heat pump is contributing to the general heating requirement and energy balance in four out of the ten buildings located on the properties.
To find possible answers to the higher electricity use a literature survey on user behaviour was conducted. Simulations were executed in the energy simulation program BV2 testing the efficiency of a mechanical ventilation system with fans dispatching the used stale air with heat recovery through the geo-thermal heat pump in comparison to a HRV-system. As BV2 can’t simulate heat pumps its impact was instead calculated manually and added to the result from BV2.
The result show that there are significant differences in both water and electricity use between households. The mean value in brf Carolina is also higher for both water and electricity use than the typical pattern value most commonly used in energy simulations for new buildings. The simulations and calculations show that a HRV-system is practically equal to the system chosen for these buildings. The geo-thermal heat pump make a substantial contribution to the heating requirements but also increases the electricity use in comparison to the HRV-system.
The buildings over all have a good energy performance. The chosen heat recovery system is working well. If the source for energy is also valued a HRV-system is still preferable since it requires less electricity.In regards to user behaviour the under floor heating installed in the bathrooms and operated by the occupants is very likely to have a substantial impact on the higher than average electricity use. There are however many other factors that could have an impact on energy use due to behaviour factors. This is also a factor when varations between households are viewed.
Key words; energy, energy simulation, user behaviour
Solmaz, Emrah. "Kartläggning av orsaker till skillnad mellan beräknad och uppmätt energianvändning i byggnader. : Identifiering av prioriterade arbetsområden inom energisimulering och energiuppföljning." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28752.
Full textOlsson, Sofia, and Ingela Karlsson. "Energieffektivisering av en äldre byggnad : Fallstudie på Andra Magasinsgatan i Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22569.
Full textThe purpose of this report is to propose a cost-effective way of improving energy efficiency in an old building in Gävle based on Gävle municipality's restrictions on physical and aesthetic changes. This is due to the fact that environmental problems in recent times have become a major threat to our world, and there are daily efforts aiming at curbing these and the greenhouse effect they contribute to. The housing sector stands for almost a third of all energy consumption, which is a large part of greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce energy consumption and thereby help to mitigate the greenhouse effect, energy efficiency can be improved in buildings. In this case study, literature reviews, inspections, surveys, studies, calculations and simulations have been executed in order to reach a result. The history of the building has also been investigated and the zoning of Gävle city has been studied to determine whether or not there exists restrictions regarding physical or aesthetic alterations due to special preservation requirements. However, since no restrictions existed according to the zoning or the preservation requirements of the municipality, the building regulations of the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning with the caution requirement have been followed carefully during the development of the study. The most cost effective and energy effective measure to take in this case study is to combine three types; to provide additional insulation to the inside of the exterior walls, to provide additional insulation to the attic as well as to replace the external doors with new doors that are both tighter and have better U-values.
Knutsson, Tobias. "Energisimulering av byggnadertidigt i projekteringsfasen : En utvärdering av Energy Analysis som verktyg för hållbar byggnadsdesign." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37993.
Full textToday's society is facing a major challenge, namely to reduce its impact on the environment.The EU has set guidelines towards a more sustainable development, something in whichSweden has decided to comply; where the goal has been to minimize energy consumptionwith 20 % until 2020 compared to the consumption in 2008. In 2021, a requirement will beintroduced. It says that all new buildings in the EA must be “Nearly zero energy buildings” atleast. This implies a greater responsibility on the drafters to create the basis for energyefficient buildings.The early design process of buildings is characterized by a proactive process where manydecisions are made during a short amount time. Early decisions taken regarding the design ofa building affects its total need of energy when the house is put into use. Energy demandsaffects both the building life cycle cost and environmental impact. This study focuses onenergy simulations early in the design process that aims to create design driven basis fordecisions regarding building design.Autodesk Revit has an integrated tool, Energy Analysis, which allows energy simulations ofthe BIM model in the program. The tool is designed to make quick energy simulations thatcan provide a basis for planning the sustainable building designs. The goal of the study was toidentify the reliability of the calculations and usefulness of the results for Swedish architects.Based on a CAD file of a house from Klara arkitketbyrå(architectural firm) simulations weremade in Energy Analysis and then compared to simulations in StruSoft´s VIP Energy.The results show that the programs present different outputs in which some are notcomparable. Comparisons of conductivity in both of the programs show that the calculationengine in the Energy Analysis provides reasonable results. The programs estimate the solarradiation through the windows relatively similar; however, there is a weakness in the EnergyAnalysis as to how it calculates when the window is shaded by sunshields.By the results a conclusion has been drawn that the Energy Analysis allows sufficientlyaccurate calculations to be used early in the design process. The tool needs to be developedand customize a version for Swedish conditions and standards for it to be useful in Sweden, asreported in a suggestion for product development in the report.
Persson, Therese. "Analys av felkällor vid energisimuleringar : En jämförelse mellan IDA ICE och CFD." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136561.
Full textMorales, Leonel, and Mats Sandfors. "Energisimulering av effektiviseringsåtgärder vid punkthusen i Östra Sätra : Validering av byggnadsmodell samt analys av förändrade lastkurvor." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21986.
Full textLindberg, Joakim. "Energikartläggning av Masurgårdens förskola : Åtgärder och dess potentiella energi- och kostnadsbesparing." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17182.
Full textThis work aims to illustrate the use of energy in Masurgårdens förskola and verify that the property's energy is used optimally. The survey seeks to provide the landlord with decision support for future investment calculations and energy saving measures.A model of the building is created in the energy simulation program IDA ICE, the building envelope was recreated from the buildings blueprints, lighting and personal load was inventoried. The remaining input data were taken from previous studies or from standard values.Simulation results show that the building is not in need of significant investment in energy saving measures. But it is found that annual energy savings of 5308 kWh (5.6%) is possible by lowering the outdoor airflow during winter months and by replacing the radiator thermostats with new ones. The measures also leads to an improvement of indoor environment and is believed to reduce the problem with mucosal dryness on the buildings occupants during the winter months.
Gilchrist, Oliver, and Emil Larsson. "Energisimulering Av Äldre Flerbostadshus : En simulering av förbättringspotential i äldrefastigheter med hjälp av solceller, värmepumpar och tilläggsisolering." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65846.
Full textKöyluoglu, Idris, and Hussein Moalin. "Kalibrering och validering mot uppmätt data med hjälp av IDA ICE : En fallstudie av miljonprogrammets flerbostadshus." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33201.
Full textAndersson, Ida. "Optimal fönsterstorlek : En optimering av fönsters storlek och konstruktion för att skapa ett stort dagsljusinsläpp och en liten solvärmelast." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86093.
Full textMalysheva, Alexandra. "Rutiner för insamling av indata för energisimuleringsmodeller av skolbyggnader i Norra Sverige (Gävle) : En studie baserad på litteraturundersökning och analys av simuleringsmodellen av Stigslundsskolan i Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23878.
Full textJohansson, Michael. "Hantering av IFC-exporter från Revit till IDA." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12815.
Full textIt is extremely important to be able to export models directly from Revit to IDA for the energy simulations to be efficient. This report has a background description about how the IFC-format has been developed and how it is structured. However, the focus in the report is on how Revit can be implanted in the workflow, where both export and troubleshooting from Revit are described. IFC is the standard today to export data between various parts during the construction process and it is a format that is program independent, which means that it works across different applications. The current version of IFC is IFC4, but IFC2x3 is still the most used version since not every program has support for the new IFC4 format. It is extensive to figure out which data IDA requires for energy simulations, therefore this report contains both a tutorial for export settings and a file for automatic set correct export settings in Revit. To succeed with the energy simulations a requirement is that the space in the building is enclosed with walls, floor and roof, otherwise extreme thermal bridges will cause incorrect simulations. Therefore, there are several workarounds described in this report to correct these problems, including problems with windows, doors and problems with storage facilities . The description in this report is written with the assumption that the user do not have any experience with Revit. The guides were tested on a class of high school students that are studying the course CADCAD02. The result showed that when a problem occurs with a model it can easily be solved with the support from this report. Further differences between simulations in Revit and IDA were tested. The same model was simulated in eight different places and the standard deviation was calculated, this gave the coefficient range ±4 %, i.e. a simulation in IDA should not differ more than 4 % from the simulation in Revit. Similar results were found with the simulations of windows and doors, even though the difference was slightly lower.
Tingström, Louise. "Energirenovering av en kulturhistoriskt värdefull byggnad med LCC-optimering : En fallstudie av Skylten i Linköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139473.
Full textAs of today, the housing and service sector stands for about 40% of the total net energy use in Sweden [1], which equal emissions of about 60 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents [2]. About 90% of this energy use originates from households and facilities [1]. Since Sweden's national climate goal includes that the emissions year 2020 should be reduced by 40% in comparison with year 1990 [3] it is up-to-date to reduce the energy use in buildings. This master's thesis aims to develop measure proposals that should be implemented during refurbishment of a facility with a cultural-historical value. Measures has therefore been proposed by a life cycle cost optimization in OPERA-MILP. Since it was known that the indoor temperature during summer reaches over the normally accepted maximum temperature (24°C [4]), indoor climate improving measures has also been investigated. The building of today, the planned refurbished building and the life cycle cost optimized building has been modeled in IDA-ICE to simulate the energy flows and indoor climate. The model of the building of today resulted in a district heating requirement of about 120 000 kWh per year, which is a variation of 6% in comparison to historical district heating data. The planned refurbishment got an increased requirement of about 5 000 kWh due to the fact that the basement will be heated. The life cycle cost optimization in OPERA-MILP gave the following measures: change to energy glas and 14 cm insulation in the attic. These measures decreased the district heating requirement with about 2 000 kWh in comparison with the planned refurbishment, which means that the requirement is still larger than the requirement of the building of today. However, the specific energy use decreased as it went from 114 kWh/(m2, year) to 100 kWh/(m2, year), due to the increased heated area and the energy saving measures. In simulation of the models it was seen that the buildings were overheated during summer. Therefore blinds, district cooling, ventilation controlling and ventilation types were investigated. District cooling resulted in a pleasant indoor climate with an operation cost of about 4 000 sek yearly. Lastly, a combination of different measures were simulated which resulted in a decreased district heating use of about 13 000 kWh compared to the model of today and a specific energy use of 88 kWh/(m2, year). This was done by combining the optimal life cycle cost measures with sealing, district cooling and presence controlled ventilation.
Lampa, Jessika. "Energisimuleringar av trapphus." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72627.
Full textA warm stairwell indicates that accidental heat leakage occurs somewhere in the building. It is important to find out the cause of the heat leakage in order to reduce energy losses. In Lindbäck's multi-storey houses there are stairwells that are too hot than they are supposed to be. In this study, one of the buildings with a warm stairwell is analysed and is compared with a building with a stairwell in normal indoor temperature. The study has been carried out in the simulation tool IDA ICE. Data has been collected for the design of the buildings, material content and installations. The buildings have been modelled in the simulation tool and added user behaviours according to the recommendations for energy calculations. Various parameters have been studied and analysed in the simulation environment based on the existing construction of the buildings. The results from the simulations show what the residents in the buildings are experiencing. The building with a warm stairwell indicates up to 30 degrees all year round in the simulation model of the existing design. The parameter study shows that there are measures that can affect the thermal climate in a positive direction. Simulations show that heat losses from poorly insulated hot water pipes are a major cause of the hot temperatures in the stairwells. By isolating the hot water pipes, the average temperature for all floors can fall by 2.7 degrees in an average throughout the year. However, it may be problematic to isolate certain pipes in the building system because they are difficult to access. By using flexible pipe insulation, improvements in the thermal comfort could be experienced.
Falck, Agnes. "Energieffektivisering av skolbyggnad från 60-talet : Studie av Hållsta skola i Eskilstuna." Thesis, Uppsala University, Solid State Physics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-123749.
Full textIn June 2006 the Swedish government decided that the use of energy in buildings should be reduced by 20 percent until 2020, compared to the level of energy used in 1995. To contribute to this goal, the real estate company “Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB”, set up own goals for their buildings. In 2009, the goal for schools was to have a maximum energy use of 118 kWh/m2year for heating and hot water.
The school “Hållsta skola”, just south of Eskilstuna, exceeds the limit since it used 270 kWh in 2008. The school is heated by oil burners, which is not desirable since oil is a fossil fuel. The aim of this study was to identify cost effective measures for decreased energy use for heating and hot water in the school, and to find alternatives to the oil burners.
The school was built between 1963 and 1975 and consists of two buildings. The insulation in the roof, walls, windows and floor is poor and the ventilation is mainly performed without heat recovery. Measures including insulation of the roof, new windows, heat recovery in the ventilation system and more effective water taps were studied with Life Cycle Cost analysis (LCC) and Pay-off analysis. The energy use with and without the new performance was calculated with the building simulation program VIP+. If all of the economically favorable measures are carried out the total energy use would decrease to 167 kWh/m2year.
One of the alternatives to oil burners that were suggested is heat pumps. The two types of heat pumps studied, ground source or air source, were both found to be profitable, although the ground source heat pump would be slightly more profitable. In the calculations it was considered that an electric boiler would back up the heat pumps during cold days. With heat pumps, the energy bought for heating and hot water would be about 55 kWh/m2year, which is well below the goal of maximum 118 kWh/m2year.
Tuvner, Jesper, and Linnea Schindelar. "Energieffektivisering genom installationstekniska lösningar : Tillämpat på ett projekterat modulhus i Alnarp med fokus på energianvändning inom ventilation med värmeåtervinning och solceller." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96234.
Full textAndersson, Niklas. "Energieffektivisering av byggnad med enkla medel : en fallstudie på Hofors mödravårdscentral." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23605.
Full textIn the central parts of Hofors a healthcenter is located which is included in Hoforshus AB's building stock, the building itself is divided into a main building and a smaller one in which the child health center and maternity care is located. The buildings are connected by a corridor substantially glazed. Now they are interested in maping the building's energyusage as this is relatively high, in addition, the users of the building had been dissatisfied with the indoor climate in both summer and winter. Because of the healtcare activities the owners were most interested in finding solutions that would not interfere with it. The study conducted has had a primary focus on the building envelope and above all on the glazed corridor’s impact on the rest of the building. One can assume that the high proportion of glass in this part of the building affects the indoor climate negatively keeping in mind the low U-value of the glass and the solar heat load, this gives during the summer when heat gain is not desired. A literature study to investigate how people perceive the climate as well as how to make a reliable simulation model of a building has been completed. The study resulted in an understanding of how the indoor climate is perceived and quantified, and also in an understanding of what is important in the collection of data for the simulation model. Keeping in mind how data should be collected according to the literature reviwe- have as much data as possible measured through surveys and own observations, blueprints have been studied and their validity has been investigated by measuring the building, blower door has been performed and temperature- and relative humidityloggning. Instantaneous values of the FTX system was made to calculate its efficiency. Linear thermal bridges have been investigated by finite element method in the program COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5. For validation of the simulated model the results of it were compared with the acutal measured energyconsumption of the building. The simulations were performed in BV2. The results of the study show, as expected, the glazed corridor’s negative impact on the building's indoor climate. Temperature was logged between 160412-160509 highest temperature was 30 ° C and minimum 15 ° C, which is more widespread than in other areas where the temperature was logged. The simulations that were performed on the glazed corridor shows that it consumes between 5000-5500 kWh on the area of 13.5 m2. Finally the study resulted in recommendations for the building that includes additional insulation of the attic, replacement of a smaller wall section, lowering the temperature by 1 ° C, as well as some maintenance measures to improve the indoor climate. The measures are believed to be possible to implement without significant interference with the health care acitivities. In addition the proposed measures seem profitable according to the pay of method.
Forell, Jonas. "Fastigheten Maskinbolaget SWECON : - programbaserade och egna energiberäkningar med ekonomisk kalkyl." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-5355.
Full textSammanfattning
I det följande examensarbetet har två alternativ av installationer jämförts beträffande nybyggnationen Maskinbolaget Swecon, en fastighet med en kontorsbyggnad och tillhörande maskinhall i Uppsala. Alternativen har varit en fjärrvärmeinstallation med en separat kylmaskin, och två bergvärmepumpar med en frikyleslinga. Jämförelser har gjorts mellan dator- och egenberäknade simuleringar av energiförbrukningen [kWh/(m2,år)], och då med olika ändringar i fastighetens konstruktion, där det ursprungliga projekteringsunderlaget har varit utgångspunkt (Inneklimatbyrån, 2008).
Därefter har en nuvärdeskalkylering med en kalkylhorisont på 30 år utförts, som visar på det mest ekonomiska alternativet och simuleringen gällande drifts- och investeringskostnader.
Energiberäkningarna har genomförts med datorprogrammen BV2 och VIP+, och även med egna beräkningar i Excel. Nuvärdeskalkylen har också gjorts i Excel.
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Resultaten visar att kontorsbyggnaden och maskinhallen uppfyller riktlinjerna från Boverkets byggregler, BBR, avseende U-värde. Kontoret uppfyller även BBR:s direktiv angående energiförbrukning [kWh/(m2,år)], något som däremot inte gäller för maskinhallen.
Alternativet med bergvärmepumparna är ekonomiskt fördelaktigast i ett perspektiv på 30 år. Jämförelserna mellan de olika simuleringarna ger vidare att störst förtjänst erhålls då maskinhallen utrustas med vikportar som har ett lägre U-värde än de ursprungliga, och även att luftflödet till samma lokal sänks med tio procent. Med dessa förändringar uppfyller även maskinhallen BBR:s direktiv enligt ovan.
De egna beräkningarna i Excel anses här ge ett lika tillförlitligt resultat på fastighetens energiförbrukning som med datorprogrammen BV2 och VIP+, förbehållet att vissa justeringar görs på ingående ekvationer.
Abstract
In this degree project a comparison between two alternatives of heating and cooling systems has been made, regarding not yet constructed buildings on the property Maskinbolaget Swecon in Uppsala, consisting of an office and a machine room. The alternatives of choice have been a district heating installation with a separate refrigerating machine, and two heat pumps with the bedrock as a heat source, the latter equipped with a circuit of directly transferred cold water from the bedrock as a cooling system. A number of simulations of the buildings' energy consumption [kWh /(m2,år)] have also been performed, and this with a variety of comparisons containing of certain changes of the construction of the buildings vis-à-vis the original planning data.
After that a calculation of present value with a perspective of 30 years has been executed, a calculation which shows the most economical alternative and simulation concerning the costs of operation and investment.
The simulations of the energy consumption have been computed with the programmes BV2 and VIP+, and also with a matrix in Excel by the writer's own design. The calculation of present value has been performed in Excel.
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The results indicate that the office and the machine hall fulfil the guidelines of U-value from BBR. The office also comply with BBR regarding the energy consumption [kWh/(m2,år)]; this, however, is not the case with the machine hall.
The alternative with the heat pumps is the economically most sound, viewed in the perspective of 30 years. Furthermore, the comparisons of the different simulations yield that the largest profit occur when the machine hall is equipped with entrance gates that have a lower U-value than the originally planned, and also that the air flow to the mentioned hall is decreased with ten per cent. With these changes, even the machine hall fulfil the requirements of energy consumption from BBR.
The results from the computations with the matrix in Excel, is in this degree project considered to be as accurate as those derived from the programmes BV2 and VIP+, on condition that certain adjustements are made in the equations of the matrix.
Costanzo, Matteo. "Adapting building design to climate change for an office building in Stockholm through solar control techniques." Thesis, KTH, Hållbara byggnader, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287452.
Full textKlimatförändringar kommer att påverka många mänskliga aktiviteter och sektorer. Bland dem kommer den byggda miljön att möta flera utmaningar med avseende på de olika klimatförhållandena. Denna studie undersökte effekterna av den globala uppvärmningen på energibehovet och inomhusklimatkomforten för en kontorsbyggnad i Stockholm. Med hänsyn till en livslängd på 50 år undersöktes de framtida klimatförhållandena för ökningen av lufttemperaturen utomhus till 2070, i enlighet med det medelprognoserade växthusgasutsläppsscenariot som tillhandahålls av International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). En annan klimatförändringsmetod antogs för att utveckla klimatfilen för år 2080 med tanke på variationen i alla väderparametrar. Tre olika passiva kyllösningar, såsom utvändigt solskydd (vertikalmarkis med screenväv), elektrokromt glas och invändigt ventilerat solskydd, har implementerats i fallstudiebyggnaden för att minska kylbehovet. Karaktären av strategierna utvärderades preliminärt och implementerades sedan i programvaran för byggenergisimulering IDA-ICE för att utvärdera energiprestanda med avseende på de olika klimaten. Resultaten indikerade att en ökning av kylbehovet och en minskning av värmeanvändningen kommer att ske i framtiden. De olika klimatförändringsmetoderna visade de inneboende/medföljande osäkerheterna när framtida utvärderingar utförs, även om liknande vädermönster hittades. De passiva kyllösningarnas reducering av total solenergitransmission, såsom införandet av frånluftsutsug och den elektrokroma tekniken, innebar en lägre kyl- och ventilationsanvändning. EC-tekniken rapporterade det lägsta kylbehovet, medan det invändiga ventilerade solskyddet överträffade de andra när det gäller årlig energiförbrukning.
Källström, Martina, and Malin Skoog. "Orsaker till skillnad mellan projekterad och uppmätt specifik energianvändning : En jämförelsestudie för vård- och omsorgsboendet Furugården i Valbo." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19935.
Full textRundblad, Mattias, and Nasim Walid. "Systemlösningar för ventilation på en förskola : Energi- samt ekonomiutvärdering för CAV- och VAV-ventilation för olika luftbehandlingsaggregat." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36341.
Full textThis thesis work has been done in collaboration with Sweco Systems in Eskilstuna, Sweden. The purpose with this work is to investigate the ventilation in a preschool in Eskilstuna. The focus of the work is to analyze the potential energy savings of using a variable air volume system instead of a constant air volume system. An analysis is also made to investigate the economical profitability of three different scenarios. The method used to solve the problem formulation has been through gathering information, in form of scientific journals in the current problem area. Information has also been gathered through an interview and a site visit. Various software has been used in this thesis work for calculations, such as MagiCAD, IDA ICE, Sektionsdata 4.21 and Microsoft Excel. The result shows that the most energy efficient solution is a rotary heat exchanger with variable air volume control in combination with a cross-flow heat exchanger for the kitchen section. However, the most profitable solution from an economical point of view is the same system, but with constant air volume control. Sensitivity analysis shows that for a profitable variable air volume system, either the interest rate has to be lowered from 5 % to 2,56 %, the energy price needs to increase by 2,44 % yearly. Or maintenance cost for the variable air volume system needs to be lowered by 2 164 kr. The conclusion of this thesis work is that energy savings can be done with a variable air volume system. However from an economical point of view, the constant air volume is better than variable air volume for the investigated preschool. The sensitivity analysis shows that small changes are needed to make a variable air volume system profitable. The choice between the systems are influenced by certain factors. A decrease of the attendance than the dimensioned are an advantage for variable air volume systems. This is due to the fact that a constant air volume system ventilates more than needed. A higher specific fan power number are also of great importance in the choice, as more energy consumption by the fans leads to greater energy savings for variable air volume systems.
Engelmark, Johanna. "Förbättringsåtgärder vid nybyggnation av småhus för att uppnå kommande energikrav : En simuleringsstudie i IDA ICE." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24364.
Full textThe EU has demanded lower energy consumption in buildings through a new directive where each member state has been assigned the task of developing new energy consumption targets for their respective country. In Sweden, Boverket has been assigned this responsibility. There is a concern in the Swedish construction industry that it will be difficult to meet these new requirements. Manufacturers of small houses usually have a standardized design that they now may need to adjust. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to investigate whether a single-family house manufacturer needs to change its standard construction, and if so, what changes could be made to achieve the new requirements for energy usage. By studying current energy requirements and Boverket's proposal for future requirements as well as theories in architectural engineering, the theoretical basis for the thesis has been laid out. A literature study has also been performed of previous studies in the field. Particularly studies of home improvements to get energy-efficient houses have been of great help for this work. A single-family house has been constructed and simulated in the IDA ICE simulation program. The house was made out of wood with a ground source heat pump and FTX ventilation located in climate zone 1. Eight improvements in the house design have been studied with new simulations to identify which of these improvements are appropriate to implement. The most suitable improvements have finally been combined to meet the new energy requirements. The study shows that the current house construction design does not meet future requirements. Based on the delimitations that have been made for this thesis, it is recommended that the following three measures are to be taken; A heat pump with a COP of 4 instead of 3, windows and doors with a U-value of 0.8 W/(m2*K) instead of 1,2 W/(m2*K) and outer walls with a U-value of 0.1 W/(m2*K) instead of 0,137 W/(m2*K). These recommendations are based on the assumption that the proposed new requirements are also applicable for climate zone 1.
Norell, Arlid Malin. "Energieffektivisering av äldre flerbostadshus : En analys av energisparande åtgärder i 50-talsflerbostadshus klimatskal, ställd mot deras kostnad." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriellt och hållbart byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69252.
Full textOld multifamily houses stand for a large part of Sweden’s total energy usage, which must decrease to minimize our environmental impact and to accomplish the government goal of more efficient energy usage. The aim of this master thesis is therefore to contribute to an increased knowledge on energy optimization through building envelope improvements in older buildings, and how energy efficiency measures can be evaluated through building energy simulation and life cycle cost analysis. The goal is to identify which measures that are economically and architecturally appropriate for old multifamily houses with interest in retaining their character. It is also to evaluate which energy saving and life cycle cost the selected measures generate. A multifamily house in central Luleå was selected as reference building. The building is by its construction and design representative for the era. Interesting energy efficiency measures in the building envelope were chosen. Then a wide literature study was carried out on house building in Sweden 1945-1964, building energy usage, energy efficiency through building envelope measures, the selected measures and the methods building energy simulation and life cycle cost analysis. The reference building was documented and an energy simulation model was built in the software IDA ICE. A present version of the building was simulated and calibrated to better match the latest normalised annual value. After that, simulations were performed for the selected measures; additional attic insulation, change to low energy windows and weather stripping these, a combination of both previous measures, additional facade insulation and change of windows, and a combination of all three measures. The life cycle costs of the present situation and for implementation of the different measures were calculated through the net present cost method. Also, payback times were calculated through the simple payback method. The building in its original state showed a post-calibration energy usage of 136,2 kWh/(m2Atemp,year); 2,9 % above the surveyed value. The net present cost for not performing any energy conservation measures was calculated to about 2 727 SEK. The measures generated energy savings of 3,5-14,6 %, net present costs of 2 685 -5 880 SEK and payback times of 7-105 years. For each added measure in the building envelope, the energy saving increased. Additional insulation of the attic turned out to be the only profitable measure, since its net present cost is lower than for not performing any energy conservation measure. A sensitivity analysis was performed for the cost analyses where the discount rate was raised and lowered by 2 % and the energy price raised by 10 %. However, the additional attic insulation remained as the only profitable measure. The energy conservation measures could have generated greater energy savings for a similar building. The reference building contains a large retrofitted office which lowers the present energy usage and the percental energy savings for measures compared to if only the dwelling part had been studied. Since Luleå has Sweden’s lowest energy prices, measures with high investment costs become difficult to give grounds for. This is because the cost savings achieved by their energy savings are low compared to their investment costs. Additional facade insulation cannot be recommended since it both is very unprofitable and highly changes the appearance of the building. The conclusion is that additional attic insulation is the most appropriate energy conservation measure for old multifamily houses, of selected measures in the building envelope. It can be regarded as architecturally appropriate since it does not change the building appearance. It is also economically appropriate since its life cycle cost is lower than for not performing any measure. Suggested future research includes analyzing how energy efficiency measures can be made more attractive for real estate owners, charting real estate from the era (condition, energy usage, results from measures, opportunities) and evaluating the potential of new technology within the field.
Hayati, Abolfazl. "Natural Ventilation and Air Infiltration in Large Single‑Zone Buildings : Measurements and Modelling with Reference to Historical Churches." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24612.
Full textNaturlig ventilation är den dominerande ventilationsprocessen i äldre byggnader såsom kyrkor, och även i de flesta småhus i Sverige och övriga delar av världen. Luftinfiltration och vädring utgör viktiga komponenter i naturlig ventilation, där luftinfiltration är luftflöde genom oavsiktliga läckage i byggnadsskalet, medan vädring är avsiktligt luftutbyte genom stora öppningar såsom fönster och dörrar/portar. Vädring kan i sin tur ske ensidigt (genom en öppning) eller som tvärdrag (genom två eller flera öppningar belägna på olika ytterväggar). Det totala luftutbytet påverkar värmeförluster och inomhusluftens kvalité. I kyrkor orsakar avsättning av luftpartiklar en gradvis nedsmutsning av invändiga ytor, inklusive väggmålningar och andra konstföremål. Betydande mängder partiklar avges från besökare, tända ljus, rökelse, o.d. Tillfällig vädring kan minska detta problem, men även användas för att justera innetemperaturen. Föreliggande studie analyserar mekanismer och predikteringsmodeller gällande luftinfiltration och dörrvädring genom fältmätningar, vindtunnelförsök och datorsimuleringar. Luftinfiltration och vädring har samma drivkrafter, d.v.s. vind och termik (inne‑ute temperaturskillnader). Båda dessa drivkrafter är svåra att predicera, särskilt vindinducerade flöden och kombinationen av termik och vind. Två av de mest etablerade modellerna för luftinfiltrationsprediktering i byggnader har utvärderats via mätningar i tre kulturhistoriska stenkyrkor i Sverige. En korrigeringsfaktor av 0,8 föreslås för bättre prediktion av den ena modellen (som gav bäst resultat) gällande höga en-zonsbyggnader såsom kyrkor. En detaljerad numerisk modell är utvecklad för luftinfiltrationsprediktering, där indata baseras på fältundersökningar, inkl. IR-termografering och uppmätt av neutrala tryckplanet (NPL). Modellens funktionalitet har validerats via mätningar i en av fallstudierna och pekar på tämligen god prediktionsprestanda. Vidare utveckling av modellen föreslås, inkl. ett mer systematiskt kalibreringssystem, för olika typer av byggnader och väderförhållanden. Gällande vädring mättes både ensidigt flöde och tvärdrag genom portar i olika kyrkobyggnader med hjälp av spårgas samt direkta lufthastighetsmätningar i portöppning. Mätresultaten jämfördes med erhållna prediktioner från fyra tidigare utvecklade modeller för ensidig ventilation. De modeller som tog hänsyn till vindturbulens gav något bättre resultat. Enligt utförda mätningar medför en timmes ensidig portvädring i en kyrka cirka 50 % luftutbyte, vilket indikerar att detta är en tillämpbar ventilationsmetod, även för så pass stora byggnadsvolymer. Ett särskilt vädringsdiagram presenteras, som syftar till att underlätta uppskattning av erforderlig vädringsperiod. Vidare studerades predikteringsprestanda hos IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA-ICE) simuleringsprogram avseende vädring, där simuleringsdata jämfördes med fältmätningar i en kyrka. Programmets prediktion av ensidigt luftflöde genom en öppen kyrkport var av samma storlekordning som det uppmäta; dock klarade programmet inte av att hantera inverkan av vindriktning så väl, vilket pekar på en utvecklingspotential. Avslutningsvis undersöktes vinddrivet flöde igenom portöppningar i en kyrkmodell i vindtunnel, där luftomsättningen mättes med hjälp av spårgasmetoden. Vid ensidig vädring observerades högre flöde vid högre vindturbulens och när öppningen var på vindsidan av byggnaden, i överensstämmelse med fältmätningarna. Dessutom var vädringsflödet vid tvärdrag i storleksordningen 15 högre än det vid ensidig vädring. Det verkar alltså som att man kan öka vädringstakten avsevärt om man kan åstadkomma tvärdrag. Kalibreringskonstanter presenteras också för en enkel ekvation för vinddrivet flöde genom portar. Vindtunnelstudien indikerar vidare att advektion genom turbulens är en viktigare vädringsmekanism än pumpning. Föreliggande arbete bidrar med kunskap speciellt kring luftinfiltration och vädring genom portar i höga en-zonsbyggnader. Resultaten kan även vara tillämpliga på andra typer av höga en-zonsbyggnader såsom industrihallar, atrier/ljusgårdar och idrottshallar.
Church project
Eriksson, Johan. "Energieffektivisering av fastighet från 1930-talet : Utredning av energianvändningen och energieffektiviseringsåtgärder för Tången 2." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-25866.
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