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Journal articles on the topic 'Energized water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ramsey, Craig L. "Biologically Structured Water (BSW) - A Review (Part 1): Structured Water (SW) Properties, BSW and Redox Biology, BSW and Bioenergetics." Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 19 (December 18, 2023): 174–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.29169/1927-5129.2023.19.15.

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A review of biologically structured water (BSW) is needed to support a more convincing argument of the significance of organized water to the overall health of living organisms. Research phrases related to BSW water are energized, hexagonal, interfacial, or bound water because they refer to biological water with similar structural, functionality, and general water properties. Structured water is formed by shortening hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in free water, forming various polymeric water structures. In living organisms, BSW water has liquid crystalline properties that have excellent redox quali

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Borges, Francisca R. M., Thales V. de A. Viana, Albanise B. Marinho, Luis G. Pinheiro Neto, and Benito M. de Azevedo. "Gas exchange and leaf contents in bell pepper under energized water and biofertilizer doses." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 6 (2016): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n6p533-538.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of energized water and bovine biofertilizer doses on the gas exchange and NPK contents in leaves of yellow bell pepper plants. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the Federal University of Ceará, in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, from June to November 2011. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme; the plots were composed of treatments with energized and non-energized water and the subplots of five doses of liquid biofertilizer (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mL plant-1 week-1). The follow

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SÎNGEORZAN, Steluța Maria, Ioan PĂCURAR, Irina M. MORAR, et al. "The Influence of Substrate Types and Bio-phyto-modulators on Spruce Seed Germination and Seedling Development (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 79, no. 1 (2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2022.0007.

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Spruce is a European native coniferous species, spreading over the area in between The Carpathian Mountains and the Alps, up to the northern parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula. In the future, spruce forests will have to cope with the growing climate change that is already threatening their natural habitats. This study has focused on the spruce seed germination process and seedlings growth under the influence of DEA (Water Energizing Device) bio-phyto-modulators. The biological material under analysis consists of spruce seeds selected from four Romanian sources included in the National Catalog

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Elgibaly, A. A., A. M. Salem, and Y. A. Soliman. "Improving hydraulic fracturing effectiveness in depleted and low-pressure reservoirs using N2-energized fluids." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 2 (2021): 857–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-01060-7.

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AbstractFoamed and energized fluids fracturing has been used in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs, as they reduce the amount of water used and hence minimize deleterious impact on water-sensitive formations. They also aid in the flow back after treatment in reservoirs where drawdown is limited. In this paper, the most important foam properties are presented, in addition, when to use energized fluids fracturing and how to choose the best energizing component with the best quality. The impact of N2-energized fluids fracturing (NEF) on wells that were previously fractured using conv

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Love, Milton S., Mary M. Nishimoto, Linda Snook, Donna M. Schroeder, and Ann Scarborough Bull. "A Comparison of Fishes and Invertebrates Living in the Vicinity of Energized and Unenergized Submarine Power Cables and Natural Sea Floor off Southern California, USA." Journal of Renewable Energy 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8727164.

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Increasing reliance on deep-water renewable energy has increased concerns about the effects of the electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by submarine power cables on aquatic organisms. Off southern California, we conducted surveys of marine organisms living around energized and unenergized submarine power cables and nearby sea floor during 2012–2014 at depths between 76 and 213 m. In general, EMFs declined to background levels about one meter from the cable. We found no statistical difference in species composition between the fish assemblages along the energized and unenergized cables. The

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Ulinuha, Agus, and M. Rusdi Wibowo. "Design and Implementation of Automatic Switching for Water Level Control of Community Water Supply." Urecol Journal. Part E: Engineering 2, no. 1 (2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53017/uje.140.

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This paper presents design and implementation of Automatic Switching for controlling the water level in the reservoir of community water supply. The water supply system is energized by 2 sources i.e. power from utility grid and power generated by photovoltaic panels equipped with energy storage. The switching is based on the reservoir water level and determines the operation of submersible pump. The switching system employs electrode sensors in the water control level where 3 conditions are considered to control motor that drives the pump. The Automatic Switching is connected to Automatic Tran

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Kim, Eui-Jin, Jae-Eung Kim, and Yi-Heng P. Job Zhang. "Ultra-rapid rates of water splitting for biohydrogen gas production through in vitro artificial enzymatic pathways." Energy & Environmental Science 11, no. 8 (2018): 2064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00774h.

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8

Lan, Shenyu, Xiwang Ke, Zhi Li, Lei Mai, Mingshan Zhu, and Eddy Y. Zeng. "Piezoelectric Disinfection of Water Co-Polluted by Bacteria and Microplastics Energized by Water Flow." ACS ES&T Water 2, no. 2 (2022): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00411.

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9

Espinosa-Tasón, Jaime, Julio Berbel, and Carlos Gutiérrez-Martín. "Energized water: Evolution of water-energy nexus in the Spanish irrigated agriculture, 1950–2017." Agricultural Water Management 233 (April 2020): 106073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106073.

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10

Ramsey, Craig L. "Biologically Structured Water-A Review (Part 2): Redox Biology, Plant Resilience, SW Drinking Water Types, BSW Water and Aging, BSW Water and Immunity." Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 19 (December 31, 2023): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29169/1927-5129.2023.19.17.

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A review was conducted between redox biology and BSW water to link their interactions with cell bioenergetics. The exchange of electrons and protons from energized BSW water significantly contributes to recycling energy biomolecules during aerobic respiration. Plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stressors is also significantly improved by maintaining adequate levels of BSW water. The physicochemical properties of SW water are readily measured and are associated with improved human health. Natural healing water and SW water products have similar physicochemical properties. Medical literature

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11

Davis, Kevin R., and Michael Shuttlesworth. "Energized neutral effects on corrugated gas supply lines." Journal of Fire Sciences 35, no. 5 (2017): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904117699425.

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In the course of performing fire investigations, it is not uncommon to encounter a fire where the ignition source is identified as electrical in nature. Furthermore, we have all likely encountered a situation where the fire occurred as a result of the neutral circuit being energized (short circuited to line potential). This article will share what occurred during one particular instance where a home owner witnessed and photographed an energized neutral event. Fortunately, a fire did not occur, but easily could have. The home owner photographed the gas appliance connector connected to a water h

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Радченко, Роман Миколайович, Богдан Сергійович Портной, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко та Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв. "ОТРИМАННЯ І ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОНДЕНСАТУ ПРИ ОХОЛОДЖЕННІ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ЕНЕРГОУСТАНОВКИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМА СЕПАРАЦІЇ КРАПЕЛЬНОЇ ВОЛОГИ З АЕРОЗОЛЬНОЇ СУМІШІ В ГРАДИРНЯХ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 5 (8 листопада 2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.5.04.

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The processes of heat-humidity treatment (cooling with dehumidification) of air in a two-stage air cooling system at the inlet of a gas turbine unit applying a combined type heat-energized refrigeration mechanism, which consists of an absorption lithium-bromide high-temperature refrigeration mechanism to approximately 15 °C and a refrigerant ejector low-temperature refrigeration mechanism to 10 °С and below, which transform the heat of exhaust gases from gas turbine unit to the cold with the production of condensate in air cooling system as a by-product of air cooling has been analyzed. The an

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13

Xiao, Yang, Zhigang Li, Jiahao Wang, et al. "Study on Enhancing Shale Oil Recovery by CO2 Pre-Pad Energized Fracturing in A83 Block, Ordos Basin." Atmosphere 13, no. 9 (2022): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091509.

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The Ordos Basin is rich in shale oil resources. The main targeted layers of blocks A83 and X233 are the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation. Due to extremely low permeability, a fracturing technique was required to enhance oil recovery. However, after adopting the stimulated reservoir volume-fracturing technology, the post-fracturing production of the A83 block is significantly lower than that of the X233 block. For this problem, the dominating factors of productivity of the two blocks were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and the Spearman rank correlation coeffici

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14

Kim, Wol-Soo. "(302) Physical and Chemical Properties of Energized Water and Its Effects on the Germination, Growth, and Development of Sprouting Vegetable Plants." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1023E—1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1023e.

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Energized water production: Underground water, which was not con-taminated with heavy metal ions, chemicals, and much nitrate, etc. => 1) filtering through reversed osmosis pressure filter, 2) nano-sized mineral system with specific stone powder, 3) far red light expositing system, 4) magnetic field treatment, 5) oxygen supply system => energized water (EW). Physical and chemical properties: EW showed higher pH level, electrical conductivity (EC), energy levels by Killian camera and oxygen concentration; however, lower ORP, cluster size as much as 79 Hz by NMR in comparison to undergroun

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&#;ahanYap, Özlem, and Mustafa Saatci. "Energized Oxygen Treatment in Drinking Water for Laying Hens: An Alternative Disinfectant." International Journal of Poultry Science 17, no. 12 (2018): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2018.586.590.

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16

Kong, Bing, Shuhua Wang, and Shengnan Chen. "Minimize Formation Damage in Water-Sensitive Montney Formation With Energized Fracturing Fluid." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 20, no. 03 (2017): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179019-pa.

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17

Wilk, Klaudia. "Experimental and Simulation Studies of Energized Fracturing Fluid Efficiency in Tight Gas Formations." Energies 12, no. 23 (2019): 4465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234465.

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The use of water-based fracturing fluids during fracturing treatment can be a problem in water-sensitive formations due to the permeability damage hazard caused by clay minerals swelling. The article includes laboratory tests, analyses and simulations for nitrogen foamed fracturing fluids. The rheology and filtration coefficients of foamed fracturing fluids were examined and compared to the properties of conventional water-based fracturing fluid. Laboratory results provided the input for numerical simulation of the fractures geometry for water-based fracturing fluids and 50% N2 foamed fluids,

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18

Pardo, David, Carlos Torres-Verdín, and (Ian) Zhiyi Zhang. "Sensitivity study of borehole-to-surface and crosswell electromagnetic measurements acquired with energized steel casing to water displacement in hydrocarbon-bearing layers." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 6 (2008): F261—F268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2993538.

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We study the theoretical response of electromagnetically energized steel casing in the presence of subsurface variations of electrical resistivity. Casing is energized with a finite-size solenoid antenna located along the axis of the borehole. Measurements consist of the azimuthal component of the electric field acquired either on the surface or in a separate well in the same hydrocarbon field. We assume two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric variations of subsurface electrical resistivity and casing excitation. Simulations of electromagnetic (EM) fields excited by energized steel casing are perfor

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19

Kim, Wol Soo, Seung Koo Yang, and Gee Jung Kim. "Energized Bio-Green Water Supply Stimulated the Growth and Development of Green Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 668d—668. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.668d.

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The energized water, Bio Green Water (BG water) was manufactured through a series of processes: tap water, purification, adding catalysts, spectra energy imprinting, filtering, BG water. BG water was supplied at four times at 3-week interval to the bench soil of green peppers (`Nokwang') in the plastic film house. BG water-treated green pepper showed the reduced plant highs compared to the control, although there were no difference in the number of nodes and leaves between the BG water treatment and the control. This was attributed to shorter internode length by the treatment. The BG water tre

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20

Kim, Woo Soo, Hee Jung Kim, and Seong Bong Kim. "Changes of Orchard Soil Property and Fruit Quality of `Fuji' Apples Treated with Energized “Bio-green Water”." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 755D—755. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.755d.

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The energized water, Bio-Green Water (B.G. Water) was manufactured through a series of processes: water purification → adding catalysts → exposure with special energy spectra → filtering, by Kyungwon Enterprise Co. B.G. Water was treated with irrigation of 4 liters/tree at 30 Apr. 1994 and 8 liters/tree at 20 June 1994 in the `Fuji' apple orchard soil, and a pasting to the trunk of apple trees at 20 Apr. 1994. In terms of orchard soil property, Ca and Mg contents were outstandingly increased; however, P2O5 was decreased and K2O was not influenced by irrigation of B.G. Water. The B.G. Water tre

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21

Hanna, John Clark. "Coaxial PTO Drives for Wave, Tidal, and Oscillating Water Column Air Turbines." Marine Technology Society Journal 59, no. 1 (2025): 31–35. https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.59.1.2.

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Abstract This technical note describes a novel self-rectifying coaxial powertrain that supports four major marine renewable energy systems: (a) surface floating buoys; (b) submerged buoys; (c) bi-directional tidal converters; and (d) Oscillating Water Column self-rectified air turbines. In each application, the coaxial power take-off mechanically rectifies bi-directional fluidic flows to spin one or more one-way generators. The mechanical drive system has two sets of impeller blades, each rotating independently of the other and are energized by the motion of waves or tides.

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Cervera-Gascó, Jorge, Jesús Montero, Amaro del Castillo, José M. Tarjuelo, and Miguel A. Moreno. "EVASOR, an Integrated Model to Manage Complex Irrigation Systems Energized by Photovoltaic Generators." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (2020): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030331.

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The carbon footprint and energy cost of irrigation are increasing due to the modernization of irrigation systems, which also necessitates highly efficient use of water resources. Alternatives to conventional energy sources to power irrigation systems are renewable sources, primarily photovoltaic energy. Photovoltaic energy has the main disadvantage of producing a highly variable amount of energy, which affects the irrigation uniformity. Modeling irrigation systems in an integrated manner generates useful information about system performance for technicians that helps in the decision-making pro

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Ginu, Lawrence*1 &. Dr. S. Swapna Kumar2. "RENEWABLE ENERGY BASED WATER PUMPING SYSTEM." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 6 (2019): 163–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3262344.

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Human civilization has become modern and elec- trical power consumption greater in all industries and  house hold equipments. The cost and requirement of all energy sources is increased but its availability decreases day by day. Solar energy can be easily converted to electrical energy by using the photovoltaic panel. Water pumping system has an important role in daily life which mainly depends on the electricity and  the fossil fuels. So a simple and efficient photovoltaic panel based water pumping system is designed and iplemented. The efficiency of the photovoltaic panel can be in

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Jouili, Khalil, and Adel Madani. "Nonlinear Lyapunov Control of a Photovoltaic Water Pumping System." Energies 16, no. 5 (2023): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052241.

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In this study, we present an alternative maximum power point tracking technique used in a solar water pumping system to produce the maximum power for modifying the amount of pumped water. This technique was actually created primarily to regulate the duty ratio of the buck converter. In order to control the solar array operating point in order to track the maximum power point, a nonlinear control approach based on the input–output feedback linearizing technique and the Lyapunov stability theory is used. By adjusting the irradiation level, the introduced controller-containing photovoltaic genera

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Mahesh Dhumal, Shreya. "UNDERGROUND WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 04 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem02924.

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Automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tank is designed to monitor the level of water in a tank. It displays the level of water and when it is at the lowest level; a pump is activated automatically to refill the tank. When the tank is filled to its maximum capacity, the pump is automatically de-energized. Water Underground is a low-cost solution, based on a combination of Internet of Things (IoT) local sensing, Edge computing, Cloud storage, web services and predictive analytics, continuously monitoring the level of underground water and its quality. The Float switc

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Parameswaran, Ramesh, Vidhya N, T. V. Bhuvaneswari P, and Parveen Shabana. "I-SOEWM: IoT Based Solar Energized Weather Monitoring System." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 20 (2023): 1505–15. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i20.287.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To develop an IoT (Internet of Things) based Solar Energized Weather Monitoring System (I-SOEWM) that incorporates efficient mechanism to receive real-time weather reports both locally and remotely. <strong>Methods:</strong> Improved localized weather monitoring system powered by a renewable solar energy has been developed to provide continuous real-time monitoring of parameters namely temperature, humidity, pressure, air quality, etc., The developed device is GPS-enabled to provide geo-localized data. The significance of the developed work

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Kim, W. S., and H. J. Kim. "ENERGIZED BIO GREEN WATER SUPPLY INFLUENCES MINERAL UPTAKE AND FRUIT QUALITIES IN âTSUGARUâ APPLES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 448 (October 1997): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.448.52.

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Big-Alabo, A., and C. Isaac. "Automatic water level control system using discretized components." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 10 (2020): 1781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i10.11.

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This study is based on the design of a portable automatic water level control switch that is capable of switching on the pump when the water level in the overhead tank goes low and switches it off as soon as the water level reaches a pre-determined level to prevent dry-run of the pump in case the level in the underground tank goes below the suction level. The water in the tank is measured by the conductive probes and displaced via the LED indicators. At maximum-set capacity the pump is de-energized to automatically switch off, thereby stopping the inflow of water into the tank. The design appr

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Zheng, Shuang, and Mukul M. Sharma. "Evaluating different energized fracturing fluids using an integrated equation-of-state compositional hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 12, no. 3 (2021): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01342-8.

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AbstractHorizontal wells are often drilled and hydraulically fractured in tight reservoirs to produce hydrocarbons or heat. Different fracturing fluids such as slick water, gas, foam, gel, or a combination can be used with slick water being the most common fracturing fluid. In this paper, we study the impacts of different fracturing fluids on fractured well productivity using an in-house integrated hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator with an equation-of-state compositional model. We analyzed the fracture geometry, stress interference, proppant placement, and the subsequent well produc

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Tanaka, Shigeru, Daisuke Inao, Kouki Hasegawa, Kazuyuki Hokamoto, Pengwan Chen, and Xin Gao. "Graphene Formation through Pulsed Wire Discharge of Graphite Strips in Water: Exfoliation Mechanism." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (2021): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051223.

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This study aims to clarify the mechanism of exfoliation of graphene through electrical pulsed wire discharge (PWD) of a graphite strip, made by the compression of inexpensive expanded graphite in water. The explosion of the graphite strip was visualized using a high-speed video camera. During the energized heating of the sample, explosions, accompanied by shock waves due to expansion of gas inside the sample, occurred at various locations of the sample, and the sample started to expand rapidly. The exfoliated graphene was observed as a region with low light transmittance. The PWD phenomenon of

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Zhu, Mingshan, Penglei Chen, and Minghua Liu. "Ag/AgBr/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Synthesized via Oil/Water and Water/Oil Microemulsions: A Comparison of Sunlight Energized Plasmonic Photocatalytic Activity." Langmuir 28, no. 7 (2012): 3385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la204452p.

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Moustafa, Hanan M. A., Eui-Jin Kim, Zhiguang Zhu, et al. "Water Splitting for High-Yield Hydrogen Production Energized by Biomass Xylooligosaccharides Catalyzed by an Enzyme Cocktail." ChemCatChem 8, no. 18 (2016): 2898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201600772.

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Connor, Caitlin A. "Investigation into the Physiological Effects of Nanometer Light Energized Water Study 3: Meridian and Acupuncture Data." Journal of Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine 11, no. 4 (2025): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.24966/acim-7562/100573.

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This study reinforces the previous two studies findings of broad wellness effects with a documented trend toward improved body function. A longer test period is a logical next step to see how these effects either stabilize or change over time.

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Connor, Caitlin A. "Investigation into the Physiological Effects of Nanometer Light Energized Water Study 2: Meridian and Acupuncture Data." Journal of Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine 11, no. 4 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24966/acim-7562/100574.

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Fidelis, João Pedro da Silva, Camila Araújo Miranda, Daniel Nicodemo, and Fábio Erminio Mingatto. "Clomazone herbicide impairs bioenergetics in mitochondria isolated from the thorax of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 7, no. 2 (2024): e70709. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv7n2-106.

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The excessive use of pesticides on crops has caused an increase in animal mortality, contamination of soil, water and food, in addition to being identified as one of the causes of death of bees. Despite being quite effective, the herbicide clomazone (CLZ) causes widespread environmental contamination due to its high solubility in water (1,100 mg.L-1), and its residues can remain in the environment for up to 130 days. Mitochondria are responsible for producing the majority of the ATP in cells, and in bees, the thorax, as it is where the wings are located, is the place with the greatest ATP prod

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McMenamy, J. W., and K. O. Homan. "Transient and Rate-Dependent Performance of Conventional Electric Storage Water Heating Systems." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 1 (2005): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2148974.

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Electric resistance water heaters are relatively simple and are therefore one of the most common water heating configurations. Due to constraints on the allowable instantaneous electrical power draw, most electric water heating systems incorporate a sizable thermal storage component. The inherently unsteady storage component therefore has an overwhelming impact on the system behavior. In this investigation, a residential-scale electric storage water heater was tested across a range of flow rates for both powered and nonpowered discharge processes as well as for charge processes with no through

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P., A. Chandak. "OPTIMIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OF MANUALLY DRIVEN BRICK MAKING MACHINE POWERED BY HPFM." International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCM 2, no. 3 (2013): 39–58. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijccms.2013.2304.

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Considerable development has been done by some authors of this paper towards development of manufacturing process units energized by Human Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) as an energy source. This machine system comprises three sub systems namely (i) HPFM (ii) Torsionally Flexible Clutch (TFC) (iii) A Process Unit. Process unit so far tried are mostly rural based such as brick making machine (both rectangular and keyed cross sectioned), Low head water lifting, Wood turning, Wood strips cutting, etc HPFM comprises pedalling system similar to bicycle, a speed rising gear pair and a flywheel big en

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Uche, Chikadibia Kalu Awa, Eza Val Hyginus Udoka, Abigaba Kisakye, Kugonza Francis Maxwell, and Okafor O. Wisdom. "Design of a Solar Powered Water Supply System for Kagadi Model Primary School in Uganda." Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS) 5, no. 2 (2023): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0502.548.

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The presence of water is a prerequisite condition for the existence and sustainability of life on the planet. Adequate supply of clean water is even more significant for a primary school as it ensures hydration, sanitation, hygiene leading to a general wellbeing of the pupils. This research work successful designed a solar powered water supply system for Kagadi Model Primary School (KMPS) and its environs. The research design takes into account the population of the students, total daily water demand, water source potential in terms of quality and quantity and insolation potential of the study

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Nasibullina, O. A., and Rif G. Rizvanov. "Studying of Causes of Destruction of the Main Gas Pipeline." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.28.

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In the territory of the Russian Federation within a year, in connection with change of atmospheric conditions, the soil moisture content, saturation of its different layers, temperature and a physical status of soil changes. Depth of freezing of soil is much lower than the bottom level of the pipeline. Freezing, defrosting and uneven rainfall of soil are adverse factors in these conditions. Apparently from the above, there are conditions of forming of corrosion cracking energized (CCE) connected with seasonal and long-term variability of water content of soil. At the same time manifestation of

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Kumari, P. Aruna, N. V. Maheswara Rao, and S. Ram Sai Nithin Kumar. "Battery Operated Portable Electric Kettle." Journal of Digital Integrated Circuits in Electrical Devices 7, no. 3 (2022): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jdiced.2022.v07i03.005.

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Today, most of the homes have been fitted with electric kettles and heating systems. Electric kettles play a vital role in the development of hot water. Hot water is necessary to ensure good hygiene for everyone. Compared to drinking cold water, drinking hot water especially relieves congestion in the throat, and even encourages relaxing. Conventional electric kettles must be stored in a fixed location at the same time (which is not portable) with a fixed power source. On a trek, especially in cold countries, carrying enough drinking water is crucial to stay the person energized and feel well.

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Susanto, Herry, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, Danny Faturachman, et al. "Analysis of the Sand Drying Process in the Biomass-Energized Rotary Drying Machine." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 58, S (2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)741.

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Hebel brick (also known as a lightweight brick) is a product of modern building materials because it has a lighter weight but it is stronger than cement bricks and red bricks. Hebel bricks can withstand pressures of more than 4 MPa and are suitable as building wall materials, and speed up construction, and save on cement material costs. One of the most important materials is silica sand in the manufacture of Hebel bricks. The silica sand used in the manufacture of Hebel bricks must have a moisture content of 10 % to 15 %. The purpose of this study is to provide a solution in the form of a dryi

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Crawford, Mark. "H2O Taking the Hydro out of Hydraulic Fracturing." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 03 (2015): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-mar-1.

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This paper demonstrates the increasing use of waterless methods in oil and gas industry. Waterless methods aim to make unconventional oil and gas well more environmental friendly. While waterless fracturing is still relatively rare in the United States, it is more common in operations north of the border. Gas-energized fracturing has a significant advantage over traditional water-based methods: it requires less proppant, which saves money, and it can double oil and gas recovery from a well. Praxair, a supplier of industrial gases based in Danbury, Conn., has developed a system that relies on a

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Mr. P. Sridhar, A. Manoj, J. Valan Joshi, and S. Meiyarasu. "AI-Driven Autonomous Hygiene Solution for Public Toilet." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 3, no. 03 (2025): 674–81. https://doi.org/10.47392/rjaeh.2025.0094.

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The envisioned AI-powered Autonomous Sanitation System is designed to innovate the upkeep of public toilets by leveraging smart technology, thereby enhancing hygiene, operational efficiency, and sustainability. This system integrates IoT sensors that track air quality, occupancy levels, and water usage, allowing for real-time oversight of cleaning operations, odor management, and usage patterns. An automated cleaning system, featuring motorized brushes and intelligent odor control mechanisms, ensures a clean environment, while UV lights contribute to sterilization. AI-driven algorithms evaluat

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Chenchireddy, Kalagotla, Radhika Dora, Vadthya Jagan, Gouse Basha Mulla, Varghese Jegathesan, and Shabbier Ahmed Sydu. "Design of a prototype firefighting robot based on an Arduino microcontroller using machine learning technique." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 14, no. 1 (2025): 31. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v14i1.pp31-37.

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The design and implementation of this paper are mainly based on control of the autonomous firefighting robot. In recent years, robotics has turned out to be an ingredient in which many people have shown their interest. Robotics has gained popularity due to the advancement of many technologies of computing and nanotechnologies. The output of the fire sensor is connected to the Arduino controller that controls the movement of the vehicle and the operation of spraying water. An infrared sensing circuit is designed with the infrared sensors placed in front of the vehicle to avoid collision with th

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Lordêlo Nascimento, Luciana, Paulo Natan Alves dos Santos, Honnara Santos Granja, et al. "Mixture Design and Doehlert Matrix for Optimization of Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) of Theobromine and Caffeine from Cocoa Bean Shells." Foods 14, no. 5 (2025): 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050740.

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This work describes the development of a method for the extraction of methylxanthines from cocoa bean shell (CBS) by employing the novel Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) system. The mixtures were composed of ethanol–methanol–water and the ratio was optimized using a simplex-centroid design. Doehlert design (DD) was used to optimize the variables of temperature and time while using methylxanthine content obtained by HPLC-DAD as an analytical response. The optimized mixture consisted of water–ethanol in a 3:2 ratio. The optimum operating conditions for extraction were achieved at a

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Parker, Aaron D., David C. Glover, Samuel T. Finney, P. Bradley Rogers, Jeffrey G. Stewart, and Robert L. Simmonds. "Fish distribution, abundance, and behavioral interactions within a large electric dispersal barrier designed to prevent Asian carp movement." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 7 (2016): 1060–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0309.

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We evaluated the abundance and behavior of wild fish within the electric barrier system in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. This electric barrier system serves to prevent the upstream migration of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to Lake Michigan from the Illinois River. We found that fish were most abundant below the electric barrier during the summer and fall, were observed near areas of peak voltage, and sometimes persistently challenged the barrier. Fish were relatively scarce within the barrier system during the winter and spring.

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Salwani, Md Azmi Nik, Nor Roslina Rosli, Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd, Huey Ling Tan, and Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar. "Diffusion Coefficient and Interfacial Tension with Addition of Silica Nanoparticles in CO₂-Surfactant-Water-Hexane for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 797 (March 2019): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.375.

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Dynamic simulation for investigating the interactions of molecules that involved carbon dioxide (CO2), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), water (H2O), hexane and silica nanoparticles (SiO2) in terms of diffusion coefficient and interfacial tension (IFT) were conducted at 298 K and 383 K for three different systems which consists of three layers (L1-L2-L3); CO2-water-water/hexane (S1), CO2-water/SDS-water/hexane (S2) and CO2-water/SDS/SiO2-water/hexane (S3). Analyses of the mean square displacement (MSD) showed that higher curve definition was obtained at 383 K than 298 K system, indicates higher mo

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Marinozzi, Franco, Fabiano Bini, and Andrea Grandoni. "Experimental Investigation of Inter-element Isolation in a Medical Array Transducer at Various Manufacturing Stages." Ultrasonic Imaging 39, no. 1 (2016): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0161734615595351.

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This work presents the experimental investigation of vibration maps of a linear array transducer with 192 piezoelements by means of a laser Doppler vibrometer at various manufacturing finishing steps in air and in water. Over the years, many researchers have investigated cross-coupling in fabricated prototypes but not in arrays at various manufacturing stages. Only the central element of the array was driven at its working frequency of 5 MHz. The experimental results showed that the contributions of cross-coupling depend on the elements of the acoustic stack: Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), ker

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Tamura, Moriaki. "An automatic system for controlling snow on roofs." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500011356.

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In Honshu Island, Japan, tremendous amounts of snow falls over a vast area facing the Sea of Japan. The depth of deposited snow sometimes exceeds 2 m, even in urban areas. The weight of snow on roofs can damage conventional wooden houses. It is of great importance, therefore, to monitor and control roof snow loads.A model system has been developed for controlling snow on roofs. A precipitation detector capable of differentiating between solid and liquid precipitation and a water gauge for detecting the meltwater from a roof are combined to estimate the roof snow load. When the calculated load

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Tamura, Moriaki. "An automatic system for controlling snow on roofs." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500011356.

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In Honshu Island, Japan, tremendous amounts of snow falls over a vast area facing the Sea of Japan. The depth of deposited snow sometimes exceeds 2 m, even in urban areas. The weight of snow on roofs can damage conventional wooden houses. It is of great importance, therefore, to monitor and control roof snow loads. A model system has been developed for controlling snow on roofs. A precipitation detector capable of differentiating between solid and liquid precipitation and a water gauge for detecting the meltwater from a roof are combined to estimate the roof snow load. When the calculated load

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